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Vietnam and IRRI: a Partnership in Rice Research Proceedings of a Conference Held in Hanoi Vietnam, 4-7 May 1994

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Vietnam and IRRI: a Partnership in Rice Research Proceedings of a Conference Held in Hanoi Vietnam, 4-7 May 1994 Vietnam and IRRI: A Partnership in Rice Research Proceedings of a Conference held in Hanoi Vietnam, 4-7 May 1994 Editors G.L. Denning and Vo-Tong Xuan Vietnam and IRRI: A Partnership in Rice Research Proceedings of a Conference held in Hanoi Vietnam, 4-7 May 1994 Editors G.L. Denning and Vo-Tong Xuan 1995 Contents Foreword ix Message from His Excellency Prime Minister Vo Van Kiet xi Preface xiii KEYNOTE ADDRESSES Policy renewal in agriculture and rice production in Vietnam 3 His Excellency Minister Nguyen Cong Tan Rice research for the 21st century 9 Klaus Lampe INVITED PAPERS History of Vietnam-IRRI cooperation 21 Vo-Tong Xuan World rice market and Vietnam’s agriculture beyond 2000 31 Mahabub Hossain National program for Vietnam on food crops research and development 41 Vu Tuyen Hoang Agriculture and environment: toward a sustainable agriculture in Vietnam 45 Le Quy An Research organization and management: a strategy and a weapon 47 Byron Mook RESEARCH PAPERS Varietal improvement Vietnam-IRRI collaboration in rice varietal improvement 55 G.S. Khush, Vo-Tong Xuan, Nguyen Van Luat, Bui Chi Buu, Dao The Tuan, and Vu Tuyen Hoang Sustaining rice productivity in Vietnam through collaborative utilization of genetic diversity in rice 61 Nguyen Huu Nghia, R.C. Chaudhary, and S.W. Ahn Current status and future outlook on hybrid rice in Vietnam 73 Nguyen Van Luat, Nguyen Van Suan, and S.S. Virmani Classification of traditional rice germplasm from Vietnam based on isozyme pattern 81 Luu Ngoc Trinh, Dao The Tuan, D.S. Brar, B.G. de los Reyes, and G.S. Khush INSA-IRRIcollaboration on wild rice collection in Vietnam 85 Dao The Tuan, Nguyen Dang Khoi, Luu Ngoc Trinh, Nguyen Phung Ha, Nguyen Vu Trong, D.A. Vaughan, and M.T. Jackson Ecophysiology of rice-crop establishment in wet direct seeding in Vietnam with emphasis on anaerobic seedling growth 89 Minoru Yamauchi, Pham Van Chuong, and Nguyen Minh Chau Water and nutrient management Leaching of acid sulfate soils and its environmental hazard in the Mekong River Delta 99 Le Quang Minh, To Phuc Tuong, and Vo-Tong Xuan Dry seeding rice for increased cropping intensity in Long An Province, Vietnam 111 Tran Van My, To Phuc Tuong, Vo-Tong Xuan, and Nguyen Thanh Nghiep Effect of phosphorus and growing season on rice growth and nutrient accumulation on acid sulfate soils 123 Phan Thi Cong, Cong Doan Sat, E.G. Castillo, and U. Singh Improving nitrogen-use efficiency of direct-seeded rice on alluvial soils of the Mekong River Delta 137 Ngo Ngoc Hung, U. Singh, Vo-Tong Xuan, R.J. Buresh, J.L. Padilla, Tran Thanh Lap, and Truong Thi Nga Nitrogen-use efficiency in direct-seeded rice in the Mekong River Delta: varietal and phosphorus response 151 Vo Thi Guong, Tran Thanh Lap, Nguyen My Hoa, E.G. Castillo, J.L. Padilla, and U. Singh Management of urea on degraded soils of the Red River Delta: effect of growing season and cultural practice 161 Tran Thuc Son, U. Singh, J.L. Padilla, and R.J. Buresh Less-favorable ecosystems Deepwater rice research in the Mekong River Delta 179 Vo-Tong Xuan, Le Thanh Duong, Nguyen Ngoc De, Bul Chi Buu, Pham Thi Phan, and D.W. Puckridge Opportunities for upland rice research in Vietnam 191 MA. Arraudeau and Vo-Tong Xuan vi Pest management Relationships between rice intensification, plant nutrition, and diseases in the Red River Delta 201 Ha Minh Trung, Ngo Vinh Vien, Dinh Thi Thanh, Nguyen Thanh Thuy, Ha Minh Thanh, K.G. Cassman, T.W. Mew, P.S. Teng, and R.M. Cu Relationships between rice intensification, rice plant nutrition, and leaf-yellowing disease in the Mekong River Delta 211 Pham Van Kim, R.M. Cu, P.S. Teng, K.G. Cassman, T.W. Mew, Truong Thi Nga, Nguyen Bao Ve, and Pham Van Bien Reducing early-season insecticide applications through farmers’ experiments in Vietnam 217 K.L. Heong, Nguyen Thi Thu Cuc, Nguyen Binh, S Fujisaka, and D.G. Bottrell Characterization of pests, pest losses, and production patterns in rainfed lowland rice of the Mekong River Delta 223 H.O. Pinnschmidt, Nguyen Dang Long, Tran Tan Viet, Le Dinh Don, and P.S. Teng Surveys of pesticide use in three provinces of the Red River Delta 243 Ha Minh Trung, Ngo Vinh Vien, Dinh Thi Thanh, Nguyen Thanh Thuy, Mai Thi Lien, Ha Minh Thanh, P.S. Teng, T.W. Mew, and K.G. Cassman Nematode parasites of deepwater and irrigated rice in the Mekong River Delta 251 Nguyen Thi Thu Cuc and J.-C. Prot Social sciences Change from deepwater to irrigated rice ecosystem in the Mekong River Delta. impact on productivity and on farmers’ income 263 Mahabub Hossain, Duong Ngoc Thanh, and F. B. Gascon Supply responses of rice and three food crops in Vietnam 275 Nguyen Tri Khiem and P.L. Pingali Gender roles in rice farming systems in the Mekong River Delta: an exploratory study 291 Truong Thi Ngoc Chi, Nguyen Thi Khoa, Bui Thi Thanh Tam, and T.R. Paris Institution building Strengthening the Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute 303 Nguyen Van Luat, Pham Sy Tan, and D.W. Puckridge Costs and benefits of the Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute project in the Mekong River Delta 309 A.M. Mandac, Dang The Truyen, and Hoang Thi Mai Huong vii Strengthening social science research capacity in Vietnam 323 Nguyen Tri Khiem and P.L. Pingali Vietnam-IRRI collaboration in training: progress and priorities in human resource development 327 E.L. Matheny, R.T. Raab, and Vo-Tong Xuan Vietnam-IRRIcollaborative activities on agricultural engineering 333 Pham Van Lang and G.R. Quick WORKSHOP OUTPUT Workshop output 337 Appendices Participants 349 Acronyms and abbreviations 351 viii Foreword Rice research seeks to generate knowledge and technologies that bring improvement in the welfare of rice-dependent households. In pursuit of this goal, individuals and institutions seek partnerships with expectations of increased effectiveness and efficiency. This volume documents the achievements of a quarter century of partnership between Vietnam and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in rice research and identifies some of the remaining challenges and opportunities. IRRI has long recognized the value of collaborative research, as have the scientists of Vietnam. An early result of this partnership was the planting of seeds of IR8 (known as Than Nong 8 in the south and Agriculture 8 in the north) by Vietnamese farmers in 1968. Rapid acceptance of this and many other IRRI-derived lines followed. The exchange of varieties and information continued during the early 1970s, and direct collaboration resumed shortly after reunification when scientists of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam participated in the International Rice Research Conference in April 1976. Suffering the effects of war and economic isolation, Vietnam progressed slowly toward rice self-sufficiency during the late 1970s and most of the 1980s. However, to accelerate economic growth, the Government Introduced important policy reforms in 1988 that laid the foundation for a transition to a market-oriented economy. Vietnam's rice farmers responded quickly and, by 1989, Vietnam emerged as the world's third largest rice exporter — a position it retains today. Both IRRI and the Government of Vietnam take this opportunity to express their deep appreciation to the Government of Australia for its financial contribution to rice research in Vietnam. This support, which began at a time when few donors were willing to make such a public commitment, has been a source of great encouragement to researchers concerned with increasing rice production. More recently, the United Nations Development Programme and the International Development Research Centre of Canada have also provided valuable support to rice research in Vietnam. As Vietnam and IRRI prepare for the 21st century, we can look back with satisfaction on the results of this long and productive partnership in rice research. However, new problems are emerging and new directions are needed. The Vietnam-IRRI Rice Conference was an important milestone in documenting progress and charting new paths to sustainable agricultural growth. With the release of this volume, we hope that researchers, students, and policymakers — indeed all those concerned with rice — will be challenged and encouraged to redouble efforts toward a brighter future for rice producers and consumers in Vietnam. Klaus Lampe Vu Tuyen Hoang Director General National Coordinator International Rice Research Institute Vietnam-IRRI Cooperation Los Baños, Philippines Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry Hanoi, Vietnam Message from His Excellency Prime Minister Vo Van Kiet The Government of Vietnam is well aware that the economy of the country is based mainly on agricultural production, of which rice production ranks in first place. Therefore, promoting its production has an important role not only in food self-sufficiency for the population but also in exports, which contribute to foreign-exchange earnings. The progress in rice production assures food security for the country as well as stability for the farmers’ life. It makes way for major changes in agriculture and for development of industry. Therefore, the Government of Vietnam pays great attention to agriculture in general and rice production in particular. For many years, the International Rice Research Institute has given Vietnam valuable assistance and has provided a great variety of germplasm. Varieties coming from IRRI or those developed from IRRI germplasm are planted widely throughout the country and occupy 73% of the total area under rice in Vietnam. This has brought a major increase in agricultural production. IRRI has trained many Vietnamese scientists who are now using their knowledge to help farmers in applying new technologies in rice production. The Government of Vietnam greatly appreciates the assistance of IRRI and considers its contribution as one of the most important factors in the achievement of the increased rice production of recent years.
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