Covenant of Mayors Sustainable Energy Action Plan
An approach to carbon emissions reduction for South Tyneside 2010
A Sustainable Energy Action Plan for South Tyneside Foreword
South Tyneside Council became a signatory of the European Covenant of Mayors in January 2009. This committed the Council to produce a Sustainable Energy Action Plan within one year of signing, setting out how it intends to deliver reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of at least 20 %, based on a 2005 baseline year, by 2020.
All Local Authorities in the North East of England have signed the Covenant of Mayors, the first region in Europe to achieve this degree of political leadership.
Planning for effective climate change response is becoming essential for local authorities. Climate change and carbon management responsibilities are currently being invested within local authorities from Government. The nature and timing of how these responsibilities will manifest themselves and the full impact of the regulatory environment is uncertain. In most instances the technology-based solutions are not yet fully understood and the actual carbon savings from these technologies can be unproven. Carbon scenario planning can provide a fluid model for addressing these uncertainties, and allow local authorities to prepare for the most plausible future situations.
This Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) has been developed using a carbon modelling software tool called Vantage Point that was designed specifically for local authorities in the UK.
The tool allows the development of scenarios to analyse a range of technologies and carbon reduction measures in housing, transport, and public sector and commercial buildings. The tool also provides indicative net present value and capital costs associated with different carbon reduction measures.
The costs included in this Sustainable Energy Action Plan are the initial indicative costs generated by the Vantage Point software. We are working closely with the other 11 North East Local Authorities to explore options to drive down costs and develop robust financial models in order to fund the priority measures that will contribute to reducing our emissions by 2020. A significant proportion of the measures in our Sustainable Energy Action Plan have multiple benefits (such as reducing fuel poverty), and improving our energy efficiency will save money in the medium term.
The Government has stated:
‘That climate change is one of the gravest threats we face, and that urgent action at home and abroad is required. We need to use a wide range of levers to cut carbon emissions, decarbonise the economy and support the creation of new green jobs and technologies. We will implement a full programme of measures to fulfil our joint ambitions for a low carbon and eco-friendly economy.’ 1
The UK coalition government is planning to introduce legislation and potential funding mechanisms, such as the Green Investment Bank and the freeing of Local authorities to sell the
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electricity they generate to support this aim. It is expected that they will publish their proposals in October this year. Until clarity on these mechanisms is established, the scenario that we have developed to inform our Sustainable Energy Action plan is currently the most plausible way of meeting our carbon reduction commitments. It is based on the range of measures currently available to local authorities, the effectiveness of different options to reduce carbon emissions, and a robust analysis of what measures are needed in our local areas.
1 http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/409088/pfg_coalition.pdf
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Introduction
1 International and national research demonstrates that climate change is real and is happening and that man-made emissions (mainly carbon dioxide) are the key factor in this dramatic change.
2 Our standard of living and the routines of daily life are inextricably linked to our consumption of energy. In order to sustain our current lifestyles and to enable those living in poverty to have an improving quality of life, we now have to reconsider where and how we source and use energy, so that we start to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and have greater security of supply. Greenhouse gas emissions from transport are growing at a faster rate than in any other sector in the UK. Our continued reliance on the private motorcar is not sustainable and so we need to re-think our travel and transport choices.
3 Consequently Climate Change is perhaps the greatest challenge facing the world and, without decisive and urgent action, has the potential to be both an economic and environmental disaster.
4 We know that if we do not act now by changing our lifestyles and behaviour to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, then climate change will continue at an accelerating and catastrophic rate around the world. It is recognised that whatever we do now, there will be an element of unavoidable change in the climate – things will get worse before they get better. However, the Stern Review into the Economics of Climate Change (2006) clearly shows that the longer we wait to take action, the more it will cost and the greater the damage will be.
5 No individual, community or country across the world will be able to avoid the effects of climate change, as past emissions alone will already cause global temperatures to rise by 2oC by the end of this century. Communities have no option but to adapt as this temperature rise cannot be reversed. To avoid dangerous climate change and to limit further temperature rise it has been estimated that carbon dioxide emissions must be reduced by at least 80 % by 2050.
6 Our current energy use and release of greenhouse gases is not sustainable. Continuing to live the way we do at the moment will require three planets to support us. Consequently we put One Planet Living at the heart of South Tyneside’s environmental strategy to demonstrate its importance and it is the reason why climate change is a central focus in our local environmental initiatives.
7 Closely linked to work on climate change is energy policy. The ways in which energy is supplied in the future will have a direct impact on the security of supply and the amount of carbon emissions that come from it. The import of fuels needs to be balanced with UK energy and fuel production, and the proportion of energy derived from renewable sources must increase. Measures to improve energy efficiency are a high priority, encouraging everyone to take responsibility for reducing their own energy use.
8 The ability to reduce carbon emissions is closely linked to how we produce and use energy. The Government’s Climate Change Programme is moving towards using more renewable
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energy, and combined heat and power systems (CHP). At the same time the price of domestic energy supplies continues to rise and is leading to significant increases in the number of households experiencing fuel poverty.
9 Businesses also face considerable rises in the cost of energy and water as a result of global price changes and carbon being traded through the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) energy efficiency schemes. The most cost effective way of reducing emissions is to use less energy more efficiently, thereby improving productivity and contributing to the security of our energy supplies. Equally important is the fact that improving energy efficiency of homes reduces energy bills, helping to ensure that the most vulnerable can afford to heat their homes.
10 The report of the Local Government Association’s Climate Change Commission, ‘A Climate of Change’ (2007) says that there are five areas where Councils, working alongside partners and stakeholders, can make real progress in leading the way in fighting climate change. These are in adaptation, existing housing stock, planning, transport, procurement and the way it operates as a local authority. The report recommends that Councils take a leadership role, working with key partners to ‘make reduction of carbon emissions and resilience to climate change a priority for every Council and Local Strategic Partnership’.
11 However building resilience to climate change is outside the scope of this action plan, which concentrates solely on South Tyneside’s approach to carbon emissions reduction.
Demonstrating our Commitment to take action
12 South Tyneside has a vision for its carbon future:
In 2020, South Tyneside is a place that has reduced its carbon footprint significantly and is working towards carbon neutrality. The community and the Borough’s critical infrastructure are resilient to the impacts of climate change and we have a strong local low carbon economy able to supply sustainably produced goods and services. Our residents and communities have responded to the challenges of climate change and are living sustainably. Our businesses and partners will have implemented ambitious strategies and policies to reduce their carbon footprint and adapt to climate change.
13 This vision will be delivered by working towards five strategic objectives:
• Improving and promoting energy efficiency and reducing the Borough’s carbon footprint; • Increasing the amount of energy from sustainable and renewable sources; • Promoting sustainable construction; • Engaging and inspiring the community to meet the challenges of climate change; and • Adapting to and managing the effects of climate change.
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14 Working towards this vision, South Tyneside has a specific commitment to reduce the borough’s carbon emissions. This commitment is endorsed by several national and European initiatives that South Tyneside is signatory to:
• The Nottingham Declaration on Climate Change – signed in 2005 demonstrating South Tyneside’s intention to take action to mitigate climate change effects; • The EU Covenant of Mayors – signed in January 2009, South Tyneside’s commitment was strengthened further when it joined with all 12 local authorities in the North East to become the first region in the UK to sign up to the ambitious ‘Covenant of Mayors’ initiative; • The Guardian’s 10:10 campaign – signed November 2009 and commits South Tyneside to reducing carbon emissions associated with its operations by 10% in 2010; and • We have achieved the Carbon Trust Standard in recognition of a reduction in the Council’s carbon footprint and our commitment to make further reductions year on year.
15 South Tyneside is clear about the need to act and the potential ramifications if it does not. South Tyneside’s Environment Strategy, ‘Our Planet, Our Place, Our Future’, written by the ‘Bettering the Environment in South Tyneside’ (BEST) sub-group of the Local Strategic Partnership, includes the theme ‘ Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change’. The Strategy identifies the need for an absolute focus on the objectives that will have the greatest impact on reducing carbon emissions and building resilience to a changing climate. The Sustainable Energy Action Plan builds on this focus and directs future actions to reduce carbon emissions in South Tyneside.
N.B. The Sustainable Energy Action Plan does not consider what needs to be done to adapt to climate change - work needed to help plan and prepare for future changes in temperature, sea level, precipitation and other climatic developments are detailed in South Tyneside’s Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2009-2012.
EU Covenant of Mayors
16 The EU Covenant of Mayors is the European Union’s flagship initiative for tackling climate change, which designed to empower local authorities and their citizens to take the lead in the fight against climate change. The North East of England is the first region in the UK and Europe, to put itself firmly behind the commitment to reduce Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions. All twelve local authorities within the North East region have signed up to the Covenant and in doing so, have agreed to reduce emissions within their entire municipal areas by more than 20 % by 2020.
17 The Covenant requires signatories to:
• Prepare a baseline emission inventory (Appendix 2); • Submit a Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) detailing the measures that will enable a greater than 20 % CO2 reduction by 2020 (Appendix3); and
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• Update and republish an approved Sustainable Energy Action Plan every two years after submission stating the implementation progress of the key actions and the interim results.
18 In addition the Covenant requires signatories to engage with their communities – both through consultation on the Sustainable Energy Action Plan and events termed ‘Local Energy Days’. South Tyneside’s first branded ‘Local Energy Day’ was held on 30th July 2010, with further events planned before the end of the year.
Covenant of Mayors Support Group
19 In order to facilitate the delivery of the Covenant of Mayors Obligation the twelve local authorities have formed a Covenant of Mayors Support Group, attended by officers who have the responsibility of delivering the reporting element of the programme.
20 The North East Regional Information Partnership (NERIP) has produced a ‘Guide to the Covenant of Mayors Obligation for Local Authorities in the North East’. This brings together guidance set out by the Covenant of Mayors office in a range of publications, advice provided by NERIP, and details on policy decisions that have been made by the Covenant of Mayors Support Group within the region.
Supporting Structures
21 Both the Association of North East Councils (ANEC) and the Energy Saving Trust are official Supporting Structures for Covenant signatories. The role of supporting structures within the Covenant of Mayors has been defined as those public administrations that are in a position to provide strategic guidance, financial and technical support to municipalities that have the political will to sign up to the Covenant of Mayors, but which lack the skills and/or resources to fulfil its requirements, namely the preparation and implementation of a Sustainable Energy Action Plan.
Sustainable Energy Action Plan
22 The Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) for South Tyneside is one of a number of plans needed locally, regionally and nationally to tackle both the causes and effects of climate change. The plan sets out a vision for South Tyneside’s carbon future, establishes a number of strategic aims and identifies a programme of action required locally to reduce carbon emissions, primarily by increasing energy efficiency and the Borough’s renewable energy technology capacity.
23 South Tyneside’s Sustainable Energy Action Plan does not duplicate existing plans but seeks to enhance their effectiveness and facilitate sustainable solutions. The Sustainable Energy Action Plan is the start of a process that pulls together key agents from across the borough and region to address the challenge of climate change and begins to articulate how we are going to meet our EU Covenant of Mayors obligation to manage and reduce CO2 emissions by at least 20 % by 2020, against a 1990 baseline.
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Target setting
24 The Sustainable Energy Action Plan demonstrates how South Tyneside is aiming to support the UK Climate Change Act 2008 and carbon reduction targets proposed in the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan (July 2009). Through these instruments, the UK has established legally binding carbon emissions targets of 34 % by 2020, compared to 1990, the first country in the world to do so.
25 The UK Government announced ‘Carbon Budgets’ for emissions alongside the financial Budget on 22nd April 2009. The targets set for these were an 80 % reduction by 2050, based on a 1990 baseline, and an interim target of 34 % reduction by 2020.
26 The percentage reduction target agreed by North East local authorities has been stated as ‘more than 20 % by 2020’. South Tyneside’s reduction target is as follows:
To cut carbon emissions by 20.5 % by 2020, compared to 2005 levels.
27 For South Tyneside, a 20.5 % reduction by 2020 based on the 2005 baseline equates to a 34 % reduction based on a 1990 baseline. This relationship enables South Tyneside and other local authorities in the North East of England to use a 2005 baseline to establish a comprehensive suite of actions that will deliver against both our Covenant of Mayors commitments, and the requirements of the UK Government.
Baseline Carbon Emissions
28 Carbon emissions from all local authority areas are now monitored by the UK Government, through National Indicator 186 and local authorities are required to report on their progress in reducing carbon emissions from their communities as a whole. For the Tyne and Wear City Region, NI 186 is also an indicator within the Tyne and Wear City Region Multi Area Agreement.
29 Establishing 2005 as the baseline year – because of uncertainties in 1990 emissions estimates, and emission estimates prior to 2005, guidance for UK National Indicator 186 recommends that 2005 is used as the baseline year for carbon emissions target setting.
30 Publication of 2007 carbon emission data – DEFRA released local authority area carbon emission data for 2007 in October 2009, and also revised carbon emission data for 2005 and 2006.
31 Removal of greenhouse gas emissions from waste – the UK Climate Change Act, the Low Carbon Transition Plan and NI186, to which this action plan is aligned, do not include methane emissions. Rather, methane emissions are controlled through national and local waste management strategies, and instruments such as the Landfill Allocation Taxation Scheme. Therefore, to avoid duplication with local waste management strategies and double counting of carbon savings, methane emissions are not included in the scope of South Tyneside’s Sustainable Energy Action Plan.
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South Tyneside’s Baseline Carbon Emissions (2005)
Carbon emissions 2005 - 2007
TOTALS Total change from 2005 2005 Baseline 2006 2007 (tonnes CO2) (and %) Housing 351,690 348,760 334,240 -17,450 (-5 %) Industry and 234,330 233,870 210,530 -23,800 (-10.2 %) Commercial Road Transport 202,310 198,930 199,540 -2,770 (-1.4 %) Total Emissions 788,330 781,560 744,310 -44,020 (-5.6 %) South Tyneside 151,200 151,000 151,000 -200 (-0.2 %) Population NI 186 – per capita carbon 5.21 5.18 4.93 -0.28 (-5.4 %) emissions
Carbon emissions: Source: 2005-2007 data from DEFRA NI 186 statistics.
Population estimates: South Tyneside Mid-Year Population estimates, Office of National Statistics.
Per capita carbon emissions: Source: 2005-2007 data from DEFRA NI186 statistics.
32 South Tyneside’s overall carbon emissions in 2007 were 744,310 tonnes of CO2. This is 5.8 % lower than the previous year (2006), and 6.6 % below the baseline year of 2005. Of these emissions, 44.9 % were produced by housing, 28.3 % from employers (public and commercial) and 26.8 % from road transport. Carbon emissions dropped by 37,000 tonnes from 2006 to 2007, with the bulk of reduction within the housing and employment sector. For 2007 the average total carbon dioxide emission per person in South Tyneside is 5 tonnes.
Housing
33 Between 2005 and 2007 gas emissions from housing dropped by 20,000 tonnes. As there was no significant change in average annual temperatures, between 2005 and 2007,
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weather variation cannot explain this drop. However, South Tyneside has continued to make significant progress in improving insulation and heating in the borough’s homes. The national fuel poverty programme, ‘Warm Front’, has funded a significant programme of insulation work and boiler replacements in this period that would account for carbon savings in the region of 1,000 tonnes.
34 Energy efficiency work was completed by South Tyneside Homes during 2005-2007, amounting to 600 measures installed and 500 tonnes of carbon emissions saved. A further 800 tonnes of carbon emissions were saved through the Council supported Warmer Homes programme with insulation and heating installations in over 800 homes. The reason for the remainder of savings is unknown but could be attributed to improved energy efficiency behaviour in households across the borough.
Transport
35 Traffic flows on South Tyneside’s roads have increased in the 2005-2007 period (as recorded by Department for Transport publication “Estimated traffic flows for all motor vehicles by local authority: Great Britain, Countries and Regional totals: 1993-2008”, published 25th June 2009). Transport emissions in South Tyneside have risen only very slightly between 2006 and 2007, but an approximate 1 % increase nationally suggests that there was little improvement in vehicle efficiency in 2007.
Employers
36 Gas emissions from employers dropped by 11,000 tonnes in the 2005-2007 period. Electricity emissions dropped by 13,000 tonnes in the same period. The reasons for this drop in emissions could include an increase in production efficiency, or a shift from energy intensive manufacturing to more service based industries. It is also possible that a proportion of reduction in emissions could be attributable to improved energy efficiency behaviour in the workplace.
Challenges
37 Taking all of this into account evidence suggests that the greatest potential for carbon emissions reductions in South Tyneside lies with the domestic sector and tackling the large number of hard to treat homes, primarily through retrofit programmes. This combines the delivery of insulation measures and renewable technologies to provide solutions that work for common housing types in the area, as well as economies of scale in delivery. At the same time as commencing work to tackle hard-to-treat homes there must be continued effort to complete standard loft (mainly loft top-ups) and cavity insulation work in the housing stock. Measures are also needed to tackle poor energy efficiency in the Borough’s non-traditional property types.
38 But tackling the existing housing stock is only one of a number of challenges confronting South Tyneside in relation to the promotion of sustainable energy. Some of these challenges are due to the geographic location of the borough, whilst others are due to the issues faced by its communities and businesses. These challenges include:
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• Achieving significant reductions in energy use and levels of carbon emissions from households and businesses, and from transport sources; • Promoting greater energy efficiency measures and encouraging use of energy from renewable sources; • Tackling fuel poverty and health problems arising from increased energy costs, particularly amongst the most vulnerable members of the community; and • Encouraging behavioural change, particularly around energy use, local purchasing and transport choices.
Recent Progress
39 We recognise that this is a tough, wide-ranging agenda that needs commitment from everyone if it is to be successful. For South Tyneside, our commitment to take concerted action has been enshrined in our Environment Strategy and supporting documents, together with South Tyneside Council’s programme of critical 4* Plus Projects, which included the projects ‘ Do Our Bit More to Tackle Climate Change and Protect the Environment’ and ‘Reduce our Carbon Footprint to Help Tackle Climate Change’. These projects helped to provide focus on the critical issue of how we engage with our communities and businesses to assist them to make the necessary changes and choices to create a real difference.
40 South Tyneside’s Local Strategic Partnership is well positioned to lead initiatives to tackle climate change across the Borough. It has a frontline role in promoting and demonstrating change – leading our communities towards low carbon lifestyles through sustainable procurement, investment in infrastructure and new buildings, waste management, use of renewable energy and promoting the use of public transport, cycling and walking.
41 A key element of our Affordable Warmth Strategy has been the implementation of South Tyneside Warm Zone. This partnership initiative, led by South Tyneside Council, builds on earlier successful initiatives and aims to improve energy efficiency and thermal comfort to at least 10,000 homes, generating an annual carbon saving of approximately 9,000 tonnes.
42 In the period 2008-2010 South Tyneside Warm Zone has delivered over 7,000 energy efficiency measures to 6,000 private sector homes. Total CO2 emission reductions estimates are 3,936 tonnes per annum, creating approximately 142,733 in lifetime savings. South Tyneside Warm Zone is continuing to make a substantial economic contribution to the borough through a combination of fuel bill savings (£795,000) and confirmed benefits gain (£550,000), which together equate to over £1.34 million into South Tyneside households each year and for many years to come.
43 This work has been complemented by South Tyneside Homes ‘Decent Homes Programme’, which is delivering prioritised improvements to the insulation, heating and glazing standards in all its homes. In the period 2008-2010, 6,000 homes have been improved to the decent homes standard, with 200 homes already being targeted in test schemes for external insulation and renewable systems. South Tyneside Homes are
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working with partners to improve the external insulation of a further 1,370 homes over the next 3 years.
44 Delivering sustainable development is a fundamental principle of the planning system and is embodied in national planning policy. Our Local Development Framework Supplementary Planning Document 1 ‘Sustainable Construction and Development’ has been developed to explain how national principles are applied at a local level. However it is our intention to refresh this document to take account of emerging developments in the field of sustainable design and renewable energy.
45 The document is helping raise awareness amongst developers on the full range of environmentally sound construction techniques and requires that larger development proposals are supported by a sustainability statement demonstrating how the scheme meets sustainability objectives and in particular how 10 % of the development’s energy use is derived from renewable sources.
46 The design of our flagship new developments, such as new social housing development at Cleadon Park and our Building Schools for the Future programme, demonstrate our commitment to creating more energy efficient buildings that meet high eco-standards and offer reduced running costs.
47 We also want to innovate and lead, and to do this we are progressing a small carbon negative housing scheme that we hope will demonstrate excellence in sustainable design and construction.
48 The Council has made considerable progress in reducing emissions from its own operations and establishing measures that will result in a continued year on year reduction:
• In 2009 the Council commissioned independent consultants to undertake an audit of the largest civic building, South Shields Town Hall, with the purpose of establishing an action plan to reduce energy consumption within the building using computer generated software. The final report details carbon reduction scenarios for the building based on expenditure, energy savings and reductions in carbon emissions. • Asset Management have installed SMART metering into all schools and it is also in the process of installing these into the majority of all Council owned buildings. This will enable the collation of accurate energy data to be measured for future projects. • In order to comply with the European led Energy Performance Buildings Directive we have completed Display Energy Certificates, Energy Performance Certificates and air- conditioning inspections to measure the energy performance of all building types. The target will be to address the worst performing buildings based on the energy ratings. • We have achieved the Carbon Trust Standard for 100 % of the Council operations. • All the street lighting within South Tyneside is being replaced through a Privately Funded Initiative (PFI) for a 25-year period, with our partners Balfour Beatty. At present consumption is unchanged due to the replacement programme, but the intention is to monitor and reduce consumption.
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• South Tyneside Council has worked closely with the Energy Saving Trust through participation in the One-to-One Support Programme and we have focused on implementing the recommendations in the report, whilst priority actions have been incorporated into this Sustainable Energy Action Plan. • The One-to-One report suggested a further Green Fleet Review, which was undertaken in March 2010. Work will begin on implementing the review’s recommendations, which are largely centred on emission reduction improvements in respect of the Grey Fleet, and signing up to the Department of Transport’s Motorvate Accreditation Scheme for innovative fleet managers already implementing measures to reduce carbon emissions. • 242 drivers have been trained in smarter driving techniques and training has been delivered by the Energy Saving Trust, whilst funding opportunities will be pursued to enable training to be rolled out to all green and grey fleet drivers.
49 The Council has been awarded Beacon Status for its work on Neighbourhood and Community Champions: the Role of Elected Members – a theme sponsored by the Energy Saving Trust (EST). Research by the EST shows that 78 % of local authorities at the forefront of environmental issues have a dedicated councillor at their helm and that community participation and buy-in is key to environmental sustainability in the long-term. Our Councillors are champions for the environment and perform a pivotal leadership role in effecting local action on climate change.Staff capacity allocated
50 At present the Council employs a full-time Energy Conservation Officer with responsibility for managing and reducing emissions from the Council’s own estate. Climate Change / Home Energy Efficiency matters are presently the responsibility of a part-time Lead Environmental Health Officer (3 days), a dedicated full-time Climate Change Officer and a part-time (3 days) Home Energy Officer. A proportion of the Residential Services Manager post is also dedicated to Climate Change matters (0.5 full-time equivalent).
51 The Covenant of Mayors is quite specific in respect of the individuals required to deliver the covenant obligation and not being solely drawn from the climate change brief. Each local authority is required to develop a process that brings together a team of individuals with expertise in energy, planning, finance and capital development. Delivery of the obligations within this programme will not be possible without this integrated approach.
52 At present there is no stand alone, cross-service energy group to monitor activity in the area, but the remit of the Local Strategic Partnership’s Bettering the Environment in South Tyneside (BEST) group covers this. In respect of the Council’s own estate there are ‘Green Champions’ in each department forming a cross-service group with an interest in energy use and other environmental issues across all Council services. The work of the Green Champions will be the subject of review by the Council and the Energy Saving Trust during 2010, to ensure that the Council continues to make use of the most effective means to bring about substantial and sustained behavioural change in the collective workforce.
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Stakeholder Engagement
53 Covenant signatories agree to mobilise the citizens and establish strong partnerships with relevant stakeholders. Action needs to be facilitated between organisations in the public, private and voluntary sectors, whilst also enabling householders and residents to make cleaner and greener choices.
54 Through the development of this plan, a number of key stakeholders have been identified that are capable of making a considerable impact on developing future actions and meeting South Tyneside’s vision for 2020.
55 These key stakeholders include:
• South Tyneside BEST (Bettering the Environment in South Tyneside) Group • Community and Representative groups • South Tyneside Homes • Registered Social Landlords • Private Development Companies • South Tyneside Manufacturing Forum • Business Matters South Tyneside • TEDCO – The Tyneside Economic Development Company Ltd • Construction Industry • Utilities • South Tyneside College • NaREC (New and Renewable Energy Centre) • Research Companies • South Tyneside Primary Care Trust • Schools • Media • Interest Groups • Local companies • The Energy Saving Trust • Energy Efficiency Advice Centre • The Carbon Trust • Smarter Choices Network • Public Transport Operators • Integrated Transport Authority (Nexus)
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Communications
56 South Tyneside Council will continue to make use of both existing and new partners and campaigns where they can contribute to changing attitudes, both within the local authority and the wider South Tyneside community, towards taking further positive action to reduce carbon emissions.
57 ClimateNE is working in partnership with the Energy Saving Trust (EST) to develop a Communications Plan for signatories to the Covenant of Mayors in the North East. To support this communications work, the Energy Saving Trust has funded a North East Green Barometer. The Green Barometer is the Energy Saving Trust’s expert report comprising of street interviews that aim to investigate citizen’s views and opinions on various topics. Over 100 interviews were conducted in South Tyneside, with nearly 1,500 in the North East overall, providing a detailed and reliable baseline.
58 Following the Energy Saving Trust’s North East Green Barometer report, a communications plan will be drawn up and implemented in full consultation with South Tyneside Council’s Communications team and the South Tyneside Local Strategic Partnership’s stakeholder group, BEST (Bettering the Environment in South Tyneside).
59 During the implementation phase of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan the Communications Plan will provide the details of how South Tyneside Council intends to involve citizens and stakeholders and inform residents of the opportunities and advantages offered by a more intelligent use of energy.
60 The Communications Plan will formalise South Tyneside Council’s commitment to engage with citizens through the organisation and hosting of ‘Energy Days’ in our local community areas, building on the success and public popularity of South Tyneside’s annual ‘Enviro Fayre’ events held from 2007 through to 2009. These events were incredibly supported by partner organisations and other stakeholders, thus helping to secure over 8,000 visitors in 2009.
61 Such events also provide excellent opportunities for consultation with citizens, which South Tyneside Council and partners take complete advantage of. In addition to ‘Local Energy Days’ and the general consultation opportunities that such events provide, the Communications Plan will also need to take account of the Covenant of Mayors requirement to undertake more extensive consultation with communities in relation to Sustainable Energy Action Plans.
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Financing the Sustainable Energy Action Plan
62 Funding sources that could potentially be accessed include the following:
• Salix finance – for the implementation of the Council’s Carbon Management Programme. Salix Finance is an independent company funded by the Carbon Trust. Its remit is to work with the public sector to reduce carbon emissions by investing in energy efficiency measures. Salix provides interest free loans that can be used to fund known energy saving projects. The savings from projects are used to pay off the loan, which is then recycled to support new projects where Carbon reduction is the key driver. • Utility funding through the Carbon Emissions Reduction Target (CERT) programme – now extended to December 2012, the programme has been restructured to provide a greater focus on measures that deliver significant and long-term energy savings and to ensure that the most vulnerable households receive these measures. In addition to the installation of standard insulation measures for priority groups the scheme also encourages suppliers to promote solid wall insulation in off-gas grid properties. • Community Energy Saving Programme (CESP) – targets households in areas of low income, to improve energy efficiency standards and to reduce fuel bills. The programme promotes a ‘whole house’ approach, i.e. a package of measures best suited to the individual property – measures include solid wall insulation and micro-generation. • Environment strand of Regional Improvement and Efficiency Partnerships – funding for improvements to Council fleet. • Department for Transport funding – Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement Programme. • The merits of both the Feed-in-tariff (FIT) and the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI), both in terms of payback period and investment required by South Tyneside Council, will be considered. • Decent Homes Programme – finance for boiler replacements / double glazing through South Tyneside Homes ‘Decent Homes Programme’. • Local Transport plan – possibility of funding for carbon emission reduction initiatives. • Green Investment Bank – the coalition Government has supported the need for a new public financial institution to unlock the investment needed in supply chains and infrastructure in order to meet UK climate change and renewable energy targets between now and 2020. It is hoped that the Green Investment Bank could use the potential rationalisation of quangos and their funds to radically improve Government support for low carbon innovation and commercialisation. • European funding.
63 In respect of the latter, the European Commission is adapting or creating specific financial mechanisms to help local authorities fulfil their Covenant of Mayors commitments. Further information on these mechanisms is provided overleaf:
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European Local Energy Assistance: ELENA
64 The European Commission and the European Investment Bank (EIB) are implementing the technical assistance grant facility to help local and regional authorities unlock their sustainable energy investment potential.
65 The ELENA facility aims to boost investment projects in the areas of energy efficiency, renewable energy sources and sustainable urban transport, replicating successful stories from other parts of Europe. The facility is funded from the Intelligent Energy Europe II (IEE) programme, and has an initial budget of EUR 15 million for the first year of operation.
66 Technical assistance, supported by the ELENA facility, can be provided either to a local or regional authority, or to another public body or their groupings within the countries participating in the IEE programme. Up to 90% of eligible costs can be covered by a community grant, following a selection and award procedure.
Progression of ELENA Bid
67 At the time of writing all twelve of the local authorities within the region had supported a bid to the ELENA fund, co-ordinated by One North East. A successful bid to ELENA will release grant funding of approximately £800,000. This funding will be used to fully cost some of the reduction interventions and develop business models that will allow those interventions to access loan funding from the European Investment Bank. The projects that are developed via this funding stream must be commercially viable. If they are not, alternative sources of finance will have to be secured.
68 The main benefit of ELENA funding is that it will allow the region to develop business models for reduction interventions that will be replicable and applicable to all local authorities in the region.
European Investment Bank Loan Funding
69 EIB loans are available to public sector bodies provided the project promoted is in line with the lending objectives of the EIB and is economically, financially, technically and environmentally sound. The EIB finances a broad range of projects in all sectors of the economy. Projects must adhere to at least one of the EIB lending objectives. As a rule, the Bank lends up to 50 % of the investment costs of a project and each project will therefore require the loan to be match funded via an alternative funding stream. The match funding may be obtained from a variety of sources such as grant funding, additional loan funding, or a partnership with commercial organisations.
70 The EIB, although publicly owned, operates as a commercial bank. This means that projects funded via the EIB must have a reliable and commercially viable revenue stream to repay the capital and make interest payments.
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Intelligent Energy Europe Programme
71 The Intelligent Energy – Europe (IEE) programme works to make Europe more competitive and innovative while, at the same time, helping it to deliver on its ambitious climate change objectives.
72 By improving energy efficiency and encouraging the wider uptake of new and renewable energies, the IEE programme aims to boost actions which will help achieve the European Union’s targets, including measures to:
73 The IEE Programme considers Local Authorities as a main target group. A budget is regularly earmarked for local authorities to develop sustainable energy policies at the local level.
• Foster energy efficiency and the rational use of energy resources; • Promote new and renewable energy sources and to support the diversification of energy sources; and • Promote energy efficiency and the use of new and renewable energy sources in transport such as bio-fuels.
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
74 The regulation on the ERDF defines its role and fields of interventions as the promotion of public and private investments to help reduce regional disparities across the Union.
75 The ERDF will support energy investments including improvements of trans-European networks that contribute to improving the security of supply, the integration of environmental considerations, the improvement of energy efficiency and the development of renewable energies. Investments connected to sustainable urban mobility, local energy and ICT infrastructures, air quality or land planning, could also be funded through this programme.
76 The new ERDF regulation (i.e. article 7) states:
‘In each member state, expenditure on energy efficiency improvements and on the use of renewable energy in existing housing shall be eligible up to an amount of 4 % of the total ERDF allocation.’
77 The detailed management of programmes that receive support from the ‘Structural Funds’ is the responsibility of the Member States. For every programme, they designate a managing authority (at national, regional or another level) that will inform potential Beneficiaries, select the projects and generally monitor implementation.
Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in City Areas
78 The European Commission, through ERDF, and the European Investment Bank (EIB), in collaboration with the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB), is developing JESSICA.
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79 Under new procedures, Member States are being given the option of using some of their allocated EU grant funding for regional development and social cohesion, i.e. Structural Funds, to make repayable investments in projects forming part of an integrated plan for sustainable urban development. These investments, which may take the form of equity, loans and/or guarantees, are delivered to projects via Urban Development Funds and, if required, Holding Funds. Action Plan
80 The focus on sustainable energy described has started to help generate action to reduce carbon emissions in South Tyneside. Actions in the Sustainable Energy Action Plan will change and develop over time and this action plan will need to be revisited and reviewed regularly to ensure that it is kept up to date and on track. This is a starting point for South Tyneside that will hopefully act as a catalyst to accelerate new and innovative action in this field.
81 A number of individual projects and ideas are now being developed to take us forward to a low carbon society. The detailed actions considered for the Sustainable Energy Action Plan that will result in at least a 20.5 % carbon emissions reduction scenario by 2020 are wide ranging and take into account a mix of measures across a number of sectors. These sectors include Buildings, equipment / facilities and industries, Transport, Local Electricity production, Local District Heating / Cooling, Combined Heat and Power, Land Use Planning, Public Procurement of Products and Services and Working with Citizens and Stakeholders. For South Tyneside, a combination of physical measures in the domestic sector, together with domestic gas and electricity use reduction by behavioural change, are the main measures through which target emissions reductions can be achieved.
82 The mix of measures put forward in the Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2010 will result in the desired carbon emissions reduction without a heavy reliance on the installation of large amounts of solid wall insulation in the domestic sector, nor has there been a reliance on the share of carbon savings allocated to South Tyneside through future ‘Decarbonisation of the National Grid’.
83 These savings are detailed in the action plan but South Tyneside has not had to rely upon them in order to achieve the target emissions reduction. South Tyneside has taken a conservative approach in respect of decarbonisation of the grid and taken the view that if the carbon intensity reduction of the grid reached half the anticipated amount by 2020 then the estimated savings would be in the region of 63 kilo tonnes per annum (ktpa) CO2 and this would mean South Tyneside would exceed the 20.5 % reduction target.
84 The scenario that we have developed to inform our Sustainable Energy Action plan is currently the most plausible way of meeting our carbon reduction commitments. It is based on the range of measures currently available to local authorities, the effectiveness of different options to reduce carbon emissions, and a robust analysis of what measures are needed in our local areas.
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85 If all actions and ambitions are achieved between now and 2020, there is the opportunity to save 168,000 tonnes CO2, taking total emissions to 23 % below 2005 levels and meeting our commitment with the Covenant of Mayors.
86 On a per capita basis (as required by National Indicator 186), sub-national population statistics and projections indicate that the population of South Tyneside will have grown slightly to 152,030, resulting in an estimated 4 tonnes per capita carbon emissions by 2020.
87 South Tyneside Council has enlisted the support of the Energy Saving Trust through their One-to-One Support Programme to help deliver against the Sustainable Energy Action Plan. Following an audit of Council services, the programme’s recommendations have been incorporated into the action plan, with a particular focus on those recommendations that will help tackle carbon emissions in the domestic sector.
88 Wherever possible, One-to-One recommendations have been incorporated into specific actions for tackling privately owned housing. South Tyneside Council will look to incorporate energy efficiency measures and renewable energy technologies wherever and whenever possible, principally through South Tyneside Warm Zone, and specific measures to tackle the private rented sector such as the South Tyneside Private Rented Accreditation Scheme, and through enforcement and financial incentives.
89 Key actions are presented in the Action Plan template (Appendix 3) together with estimates of expected future carbon savings and associated costs.
90 In view of the challenges ahead, some new national policies and initiatives will be established which should support South Tyneside in reaching its targets. These are included in the plan, at Appendix 3, but explained in more detail here.
• EU Electrical Products Policy – new EU policy will gradually come into force by 2012, to reduce the electricity consumed by appliances in “standby” mode, and to phase out inefficient tungsten filament light bulbs. It is estimated that this should realise, on average, a 6% reduction in electricity used by every home in the UK.
• UK Renewable Energy Strategy – this revised strategy, published in July 2009, forms part of the UK’s Low Carbon Transition Plan. It includes targets to increase the amount of electricity generated from renewable or low carbon sources, up to 30 %, which will be achieved through massive investment in offshore wind turbines (installing up to 8,000 turbines by 2020), and developing a nuclear power strategy that will replace nuclear power stations due for closure in the next 2 decades.
• Building Regulations – Part L 2010 will see improvements on new building performance. This will be reviewed ever 3 years to improve new building design – looking towards zero carbon design.
• Sustainable Code for Buildings – to mirror the greening up of new homes, through the Code for Sustainable Homes, the UK Government has proposed a similar tightening of building regulations for new, non-domestic developments. Phases of improved sustainability are being adopted to follow Building Regulations whereby Code 4 is being
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implemented during 2010 for Government funded new social housing. Consequently non-domestic properties will follow a voluntary BREEAM (Building Research Establishment – Environmental Assessment Method) for low environmental impact buildings. This has been updated to allow certification for ‘Outstanding’ buildings.
• National Indicators 185 / 194 – this will look at the Council operations and how they improve over the years using the baseline figures issued during 2008/9.
• Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) – this looks at the current building portfolio relating to energy using Performance certificates. A re-cast version (2012) will increase the scope of buildings participating in this legislation.
• Carbon Reduction Commitment – CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme – this puts an additional cost on energy consumption with the higher Carbon factor fuels. This will assist carbon reduction as allowances are lowered to drive initiatives towards low to zero carbon technologies.
91 However, these national measures won’t be sufficient alone and we recognise the huge task ahead if we are to realise our ambitions and meet our Covenant of Mayors carbon reduction target.
Future Focus
Creating a Low Carbon Economy
92 The recent history of South Tyneside is characterised by heavy industries such as shipbuilding, coal mining and engineering. South Tyneside suffered industrial decline in the 1970’s and 1980’s with severe social and economic consequences. As a result, deprivation is still prevalent in a number of neighbourhoods across South Tyneside.
93 However, South Tyneside’s role in the development of the North East’s power, transport and engineering industries in the 19th and 20th centuries was vital and our knowledge and skills can once again generate prosperity in the new low carbon energy industries of the 21st century. South Tyneside is part of the Low Carbon Economic Area for Ultra Low Carbon Vehicles, an opportunity to transform road transport through electric vehicles.
94 We are determined to capitalise on our assets, an outstanding coastline, a strong sense of community spirit, a proud industrial heritage, to find ways of mobilising local business to take action to drive a low carbon economy, attract inward investors and mobile entrepreneurs. Implementation of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan presents opportunities to work effectively with our partners, creating and stimulating jobs in the low- carbon economy.
95 South Tyneside already has world-class facilities to test “smart grids” that will enable electricity from many sources to feed into the grid. It is also home to the Transmission and Distribution arm of multinational Siemens, a vital commercial presence in the Borough and successor to Reyrolle. South Tyneside’s shipbuilding and offshore skills, engineering talents that are needed to withstand harsh environments, can be applied to the new
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Offshore Wind sector, which is predicted to take a large part of the new UK energy market. These opportunities provide the basis for South Tyneside to regain its industrial strength and a broader based prosperity.
Insulating all Homes by 2020
96 The Environment Strategy already assumes that the Council and partners will work together to promote energy efficiency through South Tyneside’s Warm Zone and ultimately secure the insulation of all uninsulated lofts and cavities in South Tyneside’s homes by 2020.
97 However, this ambition should also work toward insulating all solid wall properties as well. This is far more challenging, and, at approximately £10,000 per property, requires much greater investment. South Tyneside Council has an ambition to begin to investigate innovative ways of reducing domestic carbon emissions from solid wall Victorian properties in South Tyneside and to design demonstration projects that will help to develop awareness, understanding and the skills needed to insulate solid wall homes and find sustainable solutions for South Tyneside’s non-traditional property types.
98 There are issues around the insulation of solid wall homes that will need to be overcome. Firstly the cost of solid wall insulation is in the region of £10,000 per property and gaining permission to render homes, even if funding is secured, may prove problematic. It is hoped that demonstration projects will help find the solutions and pave the way for much larger programmes that can be developed beyond 2012 to try to insulate an estimated 14,000 solid wall properties in South Tyneside. Funding opportunities will be explored as they become available to support solid wall insulation within South Tyneside’s major housing regeneration areas.
Creating Low Carbon Communities
99 Opportunities will be explored to develop domestic sector focused ‘low carbon communities’ including ‘hard to treat’ property improvements, renewable energy supply, district heating and local energy networks (smart grids) linked to commercial or industry opportunities.
Transport Initiatives
100 South Tyneside’s Regeneration Strategy includes major proposals for employment and housing, as well as changes to town centres, and will generate significant increases in demands for travel over the next fifteen to twenty years. Whilst car ownership in Tyne and Wear has been the lowest in the UK, it is however, the fastest growing. As a result of this, the combinations of increasing car use from existing land uses, together with the travel demands of new developments, will have serious implications for the transport networks.
101 For the highway network to operate within capacity, even with identified enhancements, there would need to be a further 20 % modal shift to public transport, walking and cycling above the current modal share. In other words, simply continuing to implement the current types of measure for improving these modes will not achieve a sufficient amount of change. Therefore a combination of measures will need to be rigorously applied, including:
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• The implementation of school and work place travel plans; • Specific provision in regeneration areas for bus penetration; • More restrictive standards for car parking in new developments; • Further transfer of highway capacity to sustainable modes of travel; • Restraining demand for access by car to the town centres, especially at peak periods, through reduced parking capacity or pricing mechanisms; • Urban Traffic Management and Control systems; and • Measures to deter the use of unsuitable routes.
102 Achieving significant transport fuel use reduction by behavioural change is a sizeable task. It requires business, workers and householder engagement by the local authority and requires stakeholders to appreciate the need to reduce consumption from a financial and environmental perspective. Significant modal shift will involve changing long term values by providing guiding principles, standards and guidelines to help stakeholders change their way of thinking and eventually the way in which they use personal transport.
103 South Tyneside Council is working with partners to deliver the Integrated Transport Strategy, which will drive improvements in the public, private and commercial transport sectors. Key actions are detailed in the Sustainable Energy Action Plan template and include a conservative estimate for modal shift, based on the Darlington experience and delivered largely through campaigns such as the Tyne and Wear Smarter Choices campaign with its focus on school and workplace travel plans, promotion and campaigning.
Sustainable Energy Action Plan Development
104 Environmental Health and Resilience staff have worked with the Council’s Energy Conservation Officer and key members of the Council’s ‘Tackling Climate Change’ Project Group to develop the Sustainable Energy Action Plan, with support provided by the Covenant of Mayor’s Support Group, The Energy Saving Trust, ClimateNE (the North East Climate Change Partnership) and the North East Regional Information Partnership (NERIP).
Implementation and Co-ordination
105 Implementation of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan will be co-ordinated through existing mechanisms with a carbon reduction remit. The Environment sub-group of South Tyneside’s Local Strategic Partnership – the BEST Group (Bettering the Environment in South Tyneside) will be the primary co-ordinating body. BEST partner organisations and local authority representatives will work closely with the BEST Climate Change Working Group on SEAP delivery.
106 South Tyneside Council also has a comprehensive ‘Tackling Climate Change’ project. Covenant of Mayors progress and implementation of Sustainable Energy Action Plan actions have been incorporated into the work of the ‘Tackling Climate Change’ group, which will monitor future progress and ensure that the Council and partners are working together
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to deliver comprehensively on the Sustainable Energy Action Plan. In summary implementation and monitoring of the action plan will be largely through the following mechanisms.
107 South Tyneside Council’s performance management arrangements – existing arrangements incorporate weekly meetings of service managers, directorate managers and Executive Directors. The Council has a well-established Performance Information Management System (PIMS), which is available to help everyone across the Council and in partner organisations to monitor performance against targets and the completion of relevant achievements against action plans during the course of the year.
108 The South Tyneside Local Strategic Partnership’s Bettering the Environment in South Tyneside (BEST) group, meets on a quarterly basis and its membership represents key local organisations committed to bettering the environment in South Tyneside. Its aims are to:
• Deliver sustainable communities through urban design, planning, housing and transport; • Promote energy conservation; • Promote renewable and sustainable energy; • Meet the challenges of climate change; • Reduce waste and increase recycling; • Protect the natural environment; and • Attract environmental jobs and businesses.
109 The Bettering the Environment in South Tyneside (BEST) LSP Priority Group includes representatives from the following organisations:
• South Tyneside Council • Groundwork South Tyneside and Newcastle • South Tyneside Homes • South Tyneside Warm Zone • Energy Saving Trust • National Trust • Integrated Transport Authority (Nexus) • Narec (New and Renewable Energy Centre) • Durham Wildlife Trust • Port of Tyne • Environment Agency • TEDCO
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• Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service • STEP • BT South Tyneside
Local Strategic Partnership (LSP) Structure
Local Strategic Partnership (LSP) Board
(Meet: 6 weeks)
Bettering the Environment in South Tyneside (BEST) Group
(Meet: Quarterly)
BEST Performance Group (Performance Group to consist of Chair and 4 x Chairs from working groups)
(Meet: Quarterly)
Housing & Waste & Sustainable Climate Change Transport Recycling Communities - - - Working Group Working Group - Working Group Working Group
(All working groups to meet: at least every quarter)
110 The BEST Climate Change Working Group reports to the LSP’s BEST Group and meets quarterly. The following organisations are represented on this group:
• NaREC (New and Renewable Energy Centre) • South Tyneside Council • Energy Saving Trust • South Tyneside Homes • Environment Agency • South Tyneside Warm Zone • Groundwork South Tyneside and Newcastle
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• Durham Biodiversity Partnership
111 The Council’s ‘Tackling Climate Change’ project steering group is made up of key local authority representatives from the following areas:
• Asset management • Transport Futures • Housing Strategy and Regulatory Services • Spatial Planning • Fleet Management • South Tyneside Homes • Environmental Health and Resilience – Climate Change and Environmental Protection • Street Lighting • Unison • Children and Young People • Chief Executives Office • Strategic Partnership – BT South Tyneside
112 This group meet quarterly to monitor closely the progress made against South Tyneside Council’s ‘Tackling Climate Change’ Project Initiation document, a document that incorporates the key actions for the Council and its partners, which are necessary to ensure delivery of climate change objectives. Delivery of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan has been integrated into this project document.
Monitoring and Follow Up
113 Monitoring progress allows the local authority to measure the effectiveness of its Sustainable Energy Action Plan. Every two years after submission of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan, Covenant signatories are required to submit an implementation report. This report will provide a summary of the results achieved, both in terms of measures implemented and CO2 emission reductions. Monitoring and evaluating these results is important for following up on achievements made, and for developing future actions and measures. South Tyneside Council will assess the potential emission reductions of the implemented measures to continuously develop and improve the Sustainable Energy Action Plan.
114 Emissions data provided by Government is 18 months to 2 years retrospective, and bearing this in mind the Covenant of Mayors Support Group is considering the applicability of the Energy Saving Trust’s TrACE (Tracking Action on Carbon Emissions) tool as a means of providing the monitoring information required.
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115 Monitoring and evaluation of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan will be through existing monitoring arrangements. This will be via the Local Strategic Partnership’s BEST (Bettering the Environment in South Tyneside) Group. The BEST group, prior to submission to the Covenant of Mayor’s office, will agree implementation reports.
116 Monitoring of progress will also take place via the ‘Tackling Climate Change’ project team and in particular the Project Sponsor, Lead and Manager.
Key Contact
117 If you have any comments regarding this action plan or carbon emission reductions in general, then please contact:
Climate Change Team Environmental Health and Resilience Town Hall and Civic Offices Westoe Road South Shields Tyne and Wear NE33 2RL
Email:[email protected] Tel: 0191 424 7907
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Appendix 1
Emission Factors used for the Analysis
Description Units 2005 / 10 2010 / 2020 Natural Gas kg/kWh 0.185 0.185 Grid supplied electricity kg/kWh 0.53 0.53 Grid displaced electricity kg/kWh 0.53 0.53 Biomass kg/kWh 0.025 0.025 Petrol kg/litre 2.304 2.304 Diesel kg/litre 2.639 2.639 Renewable fuel kg/kWh 0 0 Waste Heat kg/kWh 0 0 Petroleum fuels (weighted avg) kg/litre 2.491 2.491 Transport bio-fuels kg/litre 1.233 1.233
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Appendix 2 Baseline Emission Inventory
FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION [MWh] Fossil fuels Renewable energies Category Heat Electricity Liquid Heating Other fossil Other Solar Total cold Natural gas Diesel Gasoline Lignite Coal Plant oil Bio-fuel Geothermal gas oil fuels biomass thermal BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT / FACILITIES & INDUSTRIES
Municipal buildings, equipment/facilities
Tertiary (non municipal) buildings,
equipment/facilities
Residential buildings 222,724 1,189,568 25,552 1,437,844
Municipal public lighting 11,634 - - 11,634
Industries 274,075 339,784 104,840 718,700 (excluding industries involved in the EU
Emission trading scheme - ETS)
Subtotal 508,433 1,529,352 130,392 2,168,178 TRANSPORT Municipal fleet Public transport
Private and commercial transport 30,195 452,933 754,888
Subtotal 30,195 452,933 754,888
Total 508,433 1,529,352 30,195 452,933 130,392 2,923,066
CO2 Emissions (t) / CO2 equivalent emissions (t) Fossil fuels Renewable energies Category Heat Electricity Liquid Heating Other fossil Other Solar Total cold Natural gas Diesel Gasoline Lignite Coal Plant oil Bio-fuel Geothermal gas oil fuels biomass thermal BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT / FACILITIES & INDUSTRIES Municipal buildings, equipment/facilities
Tertiary (non municipal) buildings,
equipment/facilities Residential buildings 118044 220070 7410 345524 Municipal public lighting 6166 0 0 6166 Industries 145260 62860 26210 234330 (excluding industries involved in the EU
Emission trading scheme - ETS) Subtotal 269470 0 282930 0 0 0 0 0 0 33620 0 0 0 0 0 586020 TRANSPORT Municipal fleet Public transport 0 0 Private and commercial transport 80924 121386 202310 Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 80924 121386 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 202310
OTHER Waste Management Waste Management Please specify Subtotal Total 269470 0 282930 0 0 80924 121386 0 0 33620 0 0 0 0 0 788330 Corresponding CO emission factors in 2 0.53 0 0.185 0 0 0.268 0.268 0 0 0.25647 0 0 0 0 0 (t/MWh)
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Appendix 3 Sustainable Energy Action Plan
Save sec Key elements of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan
Expected Expected Expected Implementation Estimated CO energy renewable 2 costs per reduction Sectors Key Action / Measure Responsible saving per energy per action / per measure measure measure measure (MWh/a) (MWh/a) - start - end (t/a)
BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT / FACILITIES & INDUSTRIES: Action 1: South Tyneside's Carbon Management Plan. This plan is to be updated to South Tyneside Council, Asset 2010 2011 £ - - - - reflect current legislation and best practice. Management South Tyneside Council, Asset Action 2: Develop Energy Policy / Strategy for Council operations. 2010 2011 £ - - - - Management Action 3: Smart Metering introduced for medium to large energy consuming buildings South Tyneside Council, Asset 2010 2011 £ 6,000 - - - within the Council’s operations. Management Municipal buildings, Action 4: Agile working / Strategic Property Reviews. Reducing building stock through South Tyneside Council, Asset 2010 2013 £ - - - - equipment / facilities property surveys / assessments. Management South Tyneside Council, Energy Saving Action 5: One-to-One Support Programme (Energy Saving Trust). 2010 2013 £ - - - - Trust Action 6: Carbon Trust Standard. Maintain the Carbon Trust Standard by reducing our South Tyneside Council 2010 2016 £ 8,000 - - carbon footprint by 2.5 % year on year through continuous investment. 1,000 Action 7: Building Schools for the Future. 20 % renewable energy adopted in new South Tyneside Council, Children and 2010 2016 £ 6,992,000 - secondary schools within this programme (biomass incorporated). Young People Directorate 95,000 17,588 Tertiary (non municipal) buildings, Included in industry actions 2010 2010 £ - - - - equipment/facilities Action 0: Business as usual growth. Local Development plans allow for 7,140 South Tyneside Council as planning 2008 2020 £ - - - - additional homes to be built by 2020. Costs to met by house builders. authority and housing developers South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside Action 1: Loft Insulation 2005-2010. From 2005 to 2010 a total of 6,734 lofts were Warm Zone, South Tyneside Homes, 2005 2010 £ 1,927,271 - insulated by South Tyneside Warm Zone, South Tyneside Homes and Warm Front. 11,798 2,749 Warm Front and Utility Companies Action 2: Cavity Wall Insulation 2005-2010. In the period 2005 to 2010 a total of 6,168 South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside
cavity walls were insulated by South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside Warm Zone, Warm Zone, South Tyneside Homes, 2005 2010 £ 2,344,457 - 18,578 4,329 South Tyneside Homes and Warm Front. Warm Front and Utility Companies Action 3: Commitment to insulate remaining homes. The Council and partners must South Tyneside Council, Local Strategic Residential buildings commit to insulating all remaining lofts and cavities. It is anticipated that the existing Partnership BEST Group, South Tyneside 2010 2020 £ - - - - partnership with Scottish and Southern Energy will continue and that remaining Warm Zone, South Tyneside Homes, interventions will be completed by 2020. Registered Social Landlords South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside Action 4: Cavity Wall Insulation 2010-2020. Insulation of cavity walls to continue to Warm Zone, Utility Partner, Local Strategic 2010 2020 £ 5,439,231 - 2020, bringing the total number of cavities filled between 2005 and 2020 to 20,478. Partnership BEST Group, Warm Front, 43,101 8,863 South Tyneside Homes South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside Action 5: Loft Insulation 2010-2020. Insulation of lofts to continue to 2020, bringing the Warm Zone, Utility partner, Local Strategic 2010 2020 £ 4,064,040 - total number of lofts insulated between 2005 and 2020 to 20,934. Partnership BEST Group, Warm Front, 24,878 5,095 South Tyneside Homes
Action 6: Double Glazing 2005-2010. Applications to FENSA and direct to Local Owner occupiers, private landlords, South Authority Building Control, including the Council's window replacement programme, 2010 2020 £ 34,552,000 - Tyneside Homes, Social Housing Providers 28,557 6,654 show that between 2005 and 2010 approximately 8,638 homes were double glazed. Action 7: Double Glazing 2010 - 2020. Taking account of 2005 to 2010 FENSA and Building Control records a conservative estimate assumes that an additional 10,975 Owner-occupiers, private landlords, South homes will be double glazed by 2020. This would bring the total homes with double 2010 2020 £ 43,900,000 - Tyneside Homes, Social Housing Providers 36,283 7,214 glazed units to 19,613 by 2020. This figure includes single to double-glazing upgrades in South Tyneside Homes stock, 9,250 homes by end March 2013. Action 8: Solar thermal. Installation of Solar Thermal on domestic properties. Solar thermal has not been developed or promoted by the local authority to date. The Local South Tyneside Homes, Social Housing 2010 2020 £ 4,000,000 - Authority in association with its partners will endeavour to install 1,000 solar thermal Providers, Developers 1,816 388 units in existing and new build social housing. Action 9: Solar PV. Installation of Solar PV on domestic properties. Solar PV has not South Tyneside Homes, Social Housing been promoted by the Local Authority to date, however the Local Authority will pursue 2010 2020 £ 633,750 - Providers, Developers 212 112 100 installations in social housing units. Action 10: Installation of domestic biomass boilers. The Local Authority in association Owner-occupiers, private landlords, social with its partners will endeavour to facilitate the installation of 100 domestic biomass 2010 2020 £ 720,000 - housing providers, South Tyneside Homes 1,410 261 boilers in existing and new build homes. Action 11: 10 % domestic gas reduction by new boiler installations and behavioural change. The current model of the scenario-planning tool does not take into account either boiler upgrades (from 60-70 % efficiency to 85 % plus) or rising fuel costs. It is considered that the boiler upgrade intervention will provide a significant reduction in Owner-occupiers, private landlords, social
CO from domestic gas consumption. Consequently, the 10 % reduction suggested housing providers, Energy Saving Trust, 2010 2020 £ - - 2 126,401 27,034 from behavioural change will include (for now) a proportion of savings from upgrading South Tyneside Council. boilers and a small percentage of rising fuel costs. This will be revised accordingly when boiler improvements can be quantified. However costs associated with this measure are unknown. Action 12: 10 % reduction of domestic electricity use by introduction of EU products policy and behavioural change. 10 % reduction from behavioural change in electricity use is based upon the EU DIRECTIVE 2005/32/EC of 6th July 2005 that established a framework for the setting of eco-design requirements for energy-using products. In total, the 12 products identified will save approximately 341 terawatt-hour (TWh) of electricity per annum (pa) by 2020 (equivalent to 12 % of electricity based on 2007 levels). The implementation of this directive commenced in December 2008 with the UK Government and all consumers 2010 2020 £ - - adoption of energy efficient stand-by mode (saving 35 TWh pa) through to televisions 28,751 15,238 in July 2009 (saving 43TWh pa). In addition, EU Directive 2009/125/EC of 21st October 2009 extended the scope of the 2005 directive to include all energy-related products (the use of which has an impact on energy consumption) and products which do not necessarily use energy, but have an impact on energy consumption. It is therefore considered reasonable to allow for a 10 % reduction in electricity use based on the above policy. Again costs associated with this measure are unknown. Action 13: Domestic wind installations. The Local Authority in association with partners South Tyneside Homes, social housing 2010 2020 £ 320,000 - will endeavour to bring about the installation of domestic wind turbines in 100 homes. providers, owner-occupiers 88 46 Action 14: Ground Source Heat Pumps. The Local Authority in association with South South Tyneside Homes, Social Housing Tyneside Homes and social housing providers will endeavour to bring about the 2010 2020 £ 204,000 - - Providers, owner-occupiers 447 installation of Ground Source Heat Pumps into 34 homes. South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside Homes, Local Strategic Partnership BEST Action 15: Insulation of solid walls. South Tyneside Council to investigate innovative (Bettering the Environment in South ways of reducing domestic carbon emissions from solid wall Victorian properties in 2010 2020 £ - - - - Tyneside) Group, Social Housing South Tyneside and design demonstration projects. Providers, owner-occupiers, private landlords The current street lighting replacement programme will not result in carbon savings Municipal public lighting South Tyneside Council, Balfour Beatty 2010 2012 £ - - - - with the current Public Finance Initiative due to additional lighting requirements.
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Action 0: Business as usual growth. Carbon emission growth is expected from the Developers and employers in South development of employment land to 2020. All costs expected to be recouped from 2008 2020 £ - - - - Tyneside energy savings, therefore any costs should be met by employers. Action 1: 20 % reduction of commercial gas use by introduction of the CRC, behavioural change and efficiency improvements. The CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme is one mechanism that the national government will use to meet the reduction targets set out in the Carbon Budgets Order 2009. This sets a reduction target of at least 34 % in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 based on 1990 levels – this would Employers in South Tyneside, South equate to an approximate 20 % reduction by 2020 on 2005 levels. It is anticipated that 2010 2020 £ - - Tyneside Council 72,214 15,445 the CRC cap will be set in line with the carbon budgets outlined above and this combined with the amendments to the EU products policy produces a realistic total gas reduction within the sector of 20 %. Any interventions specified that would be included within this total reduction will be removed from the 20 % total – this will include any Industries (excluding municipal buildings projects. Costs associated with this measure are un-quantified. industries involved in Action 2: 10 % reduction of commercial electricity use by introduction of the CRC, EU Products policy and behavioural change. The 10 % reduction from behavioural change the EU Emission trading th scheme - ETS) & Small in electricity use is based upon the EU DIRECTIVE 2005/32/EC of 6 July 2005 that and Medium Sized established a framework for the setting of eco-design requirements for energy-using Enterprises (SMEs) products. In total, the 12 products identified will save approximately 341 TWh of electricity pa by 2020 (equivalent to 12 % of electricity based on 2007 levels). The implementation of this directive commenced in December 2008 with the adoption of energy efficient stand-by mode (saving 35 TWh pa) through to televisions in July 2009 st Employers in South Tyneside, South (saving 43TWh pa). In addition, EU Directive 2009/125/EC of 21 October 2009 2010 2020 £ - - Tyneside Council 24,585 13,030 extended the scope of the 2005 directive to include all energy-related products (the use of which has an impact on energy consumption) and products which do not necessarily use energy, but have an impact on energy consumption. In considering the above policy and the implementation of the CRC for large business, it is considered conservative to allow for a 10 % reduction in electricity use within the commercial, industrial and public sectors. Any interventions specified that would be included within this total reduction will be removed from the 20 % total – this will include any municipal buildings projects. Costs associated with this measure are un-quantified. Action 3: Regeneration of Jarrow business community via Jarrow Green Business Park South Tyneside Council, One North East 2010 2013 £ - - - - with Low carbon units.
- 514,119 125,046 TRANSPORT: Action 1: Fleet Renewal. Progressing fleet renewal programme to include low carbon South Tyneside Council 2010 2011 £ - - - - technology/ fuels. Action 2: Tracking and Navigation devices. Installation of tracking and satellite South Tyneside Council 2010 2011 £ - - - - navigation devices. Action 3: Fuel Use. Monitoring fleet fuel usage (identifying areas to reduce fuel usage South Tyneside Council 2010 2011 £ - - - - Municipal fleet by 2 % minimum) Action 4: Limiting speed. Fitting speed limiters into fleet vehicles South Tyneside Council 2010 2011 £ - - - - South Tyneside Council, Energy Saving Action 5: Continue programme of smarter driver training for council employees. 2010 2012 £ - - - - Trust Action 6: South Tyneside Council to undertake a further ‘Green Fleet Review’ with South Tyneside Council Fleet 2010 2011 - - - Energy Saving Trust and pursue ‘Motorvate’ accreditation. Management, Energy Saving Trust Action 1: North East Travel card. Delivery of the North East Smart Ticketing Initiative. Regional Transport Operators 2010 2015 £ - - - - Costs to be met by regional transport funding. Action 2: Bus Strategy targets. Delivery against targets within the Tyne and Wear Bus South Tyneside Council, Regional 2010 2012 £ - - - - Public transport strategy, including delivery of a unified bus network within South Tyneside. Transport Operators Action 3: Modal Shift. 4 % reduction in fuel use from behavioural change. This is South Tyneside Council, Regional considered to be a conservative estimate taking into account any future increases in 2010 2020 £ - - Transport Operators, Energy Saving Trust 2,974,388 7,409 fuel prices. Costs associated with this measure are un-quantified.
Action 0: Business as usual growth. Business as usual growth in traffic is assumed to All road users 2008 2020 £ - - - - be approximately 1.5 % per year. Action 1: Tyne and Wear Transport Plan. The third Tyne and Wear local Transport plan will introduce further traffic emission reduction targets, based on a new set of Tyne and Wear Local Authorities 2012 2016 £ - - - - national goals. Targets not yet known. Action 2: Vehicle Transport Efficiency Improvement. Tyne and Wear Local Transport Plan Methodology – a study was carried out by Newcastle City Council to estimate the emissions from transport within Tyne and Wear in 2020. This indicative study utilised the traffic flows for all motor vehicles by each Local Authority from 1993 to 2008 and
the vehicle licence statistics for 2008. It further assumed that in a typical year 2.1 All road users 2010 2020 £ - - 8,923,164 22,226 million new vehicles would be added to the national fleet and 1.9 million would be scrapped. This was done to modify the vehicle balance by assuming that over the next 13 years more low emission vehicles are bought and more of the higher emission Private and commercial vehicles are scrapped. Costs associated with this measure are un-quantified. transport Action 3: Gradual replacement of road transport fuels with bio-fuel. The 10 % bio-fuels reduction is based upon the EU DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC of 23rd April 2009, the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. This sets mandatory national EU and UK Government 2010 2020 £ - - targets for a 20 % share of energy from renewable sources and a 10 % share of 6,023,000 7,579 energy from renewable sources in transport by 2020. Costs associated with this measure are un-quantified. Action 4: Gradual replacement of road transport fuels with electricity. One North East has carried out a study (based upon a Cenex / Arup 2008 study) to forecast the EV (Electric Vehicles) and HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicles) within the North East region by 2020. This study includes a Business as Usual (1 %), Mid-Range (3 %), High-Range EU and UK Government 2010 2020 £ - - (6 %) and Extreme Range (12 %) scenarios as a percentage of total vehicle numbers. 2,231,000 2,253 The region has an aspiration to have 10 % of vehicles as either Electric Vehicles (EV's) or Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV’s) by 2020, which is between the High-Range and Extreme Range scenarios. Costs associated with this measure are un-quantified.
- 20,151,552 39,467 LOCAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION Hydroelectric power Hydroelectricity is not viable in South Tyneside. Not applicable 2010 2010 £ - - - - Action 1: Small to medium turbines currently installed but need to assess viability on a Wind power South Tyneside Council, Utility companies 2010 2020 £ 15,000,000 - larger scale through consultants and regeneration projects. 6,570 3,482 Photovoltaic No current major plans for photo-voltaics. Not applicable 2010 2010 £ - - - - Combined Heat and No current major plans for CHP. Not applicable 2010 2010 £ - - - - Power
- 6,570 3,482 LOCAL DISTRICT HEATING / COOLING, CHP's: Action 1: Review CHP viability. South Tyneside Council, Regeneration 2010 2012 £ - - - - Combined Heat and Action 2: Feasibility studies to investigate the potential for CHP at existing leisure Power centres / swimming pools / new leisure facilities / Local Authority sheltered South Tyneside Council 2010 2016 £ - - - - accommodation units / residential care homes South Tyneside Council, Regeneration, Action 1: Carbon Negative Housing Scheme. Pilot project for hydrogen / biomass Groundwork South Tyneside and District heating plant 2010 2012 £ - - - - heating plant as part of regeneration. Newcastle, New and Renewable Energy Centre (NaREC) Action 2: Assess future regeneration projects for district heating potential. South Tyneside Council, Regeneration 2010 2020 £ - - - - LAND USE & PLANNING: Action 1: Local Development Framework. To complete a new Local Development Strategic urban Framework to guide the future development and use of land over the next 10-15 years. South Tyneside Council 2012 2020 £ - - - - planning LDF Core strategy to be reviewed in 2012. Costs to met by theCouncil.
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Action 2: To develop an Economic Masterplan, which includes the creation of a low South Tyneside Council and partners 2010 2012 £ - - - - carbon economy in South Tyneside. Costs to be met by the Council. Action 1: Smarter Choices Campaign. South Tyneside is a partner in the Smarter Choices campaign, which raises public awareness of sustainable transport options and Tyne and Wear Local Authorities 2010 2015 £ - - - - Transport / mobility has the potential to reduce car trips by up to 10 % in an area. planning South Tyneside Council, Local Economic Action 2: Delivery of Low Carbon Economic Area initiatives. 2010 2020 £ - - - - Growth Initiative Action 1: Code for Sustainable Homes. 7,140 homes to be built to Code for Sustainable Homes standard Level 3 or higher, from 2010, with homes to be zero House builders 2010 2020 £ - - - - carbon by 2016. Costs associated with measure to be met by developers. Standards for Action 2: National Code for sustainable buildings. National Code for Sustainable Buildings is being considered, and there is an aspiration to introduce this in 2010 – with refurbishment and new Developers 2010 2020 £ - - - - development the aim of new non-domestic buildings to be zero carbon by 2019. Costs associated with measure to be met by developers. Action 3: Municipal Buildings. All new-build municipal buildings should target 'very South Tyneside Council 2010 2016 £ - - - - good' BREEAM rating as a minimum. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Action 1: Procurement Policies. Introduce procurement policies that ensure sustainable energy is maximised, including introducing high energy efficiency South Tyneside Council and British standards in the procurement of electrical goods, a policy of procuring local items 2010 2018 £ - - - - Telecom partner Energy efficiency where possible and items manufactured with minimal energy usage and environmental requirements/standards impact. Action 2: Subcontractor standards. South Tyneside Council to drive higher energy South Tyneside Council and British efficiency standards amongst subcontractors by including environmental criteria as part 2010 2018 £ - - - - Telecom partner of the process for selecting suppliers. South Tyneside Council, North East Action 1: Engagement with Regional Procurement Activity via the North East Centre of Renewable energy Purchasing Organisation, British Telecom Excellence Procurement Programme. South Tyneside Council to engage with regional 2010 2018 £ - - - - requirements/standards partner, North East Centre of Excellence procurement activity wherever possible to increase purchasing power. for Procurement - - - WORKING WITH THE CITIZENS AND STAKEHOLDERS: Action 1: Existing Services. Continue to use all regional and national advisory services South Tyneside Council, Energy Saving (Energy Saving Trust, Carbon Trust, Envirowise) and promote these to local residents 2010 2020 £ - - - - Trust and employers. Action 2: South Tyneside Council to work with the Carbon Trust to promote its services South Tyneside Council, Carbon Trust 2010 2020 £ - - - - to businesses, industry and schools. South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside Action 3: Services for Local Authority staff. South Tyneside Council to continue to Advisory services Homes, Energy Saving Trust, British 2010 2020 £ - - - - promote Energy Saving Trust's free domestic and travel advice to staff. Telecom Action 4: Advice for tenants. Appropriate training and advice provided for tenants / South Tyneside Homes, Energy Saving 2010 2020 £ - - - - staff in use of new / existing heating systems. Trust, Social Housing Providers Action 5: South Tyneside Council to ensure that planning officers are disseminating South Tyneside Council, Development appropriate information that promotes energy efficiency and renewables to those 2010 2020 £ - - - - Control making enquiries or full planning applications. Financial support and Included in specific actions where appropriate. Not applicable 2010 2010 £ - - - - grants Action 1: Community Initiatives. Develop a partnership to deliver CO2 reduction South Tyneside Council, Energy Saving initiatives in the community, such as Energy Saving Trust's Green Communities Trust, Groundwork South Tyneside and 2010 2012 £ - - - - Awareness raising and Initiative, to 2012. Newcastle local networking Action 2: Climate Change Engagement Strategy. Development of Climate Change South Tyneside Council, Energy Saving 2010 2020 £ - - - - Engagement Strategy for South Tyneside to cover all sectors. Trust
South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside Action 3: Sustainable Energy Events. Undertake energy conservation / carbon Homes, Energy Saving Trust, Carbon reduction promotion including low carbon buildings programme, delivery of sustainable Trust, Local Strategic Partnership BEST 2010 2012 £ - - - - energy events, using support available from the Energy Saving Trust and Carbon (Bettering the Environment in South Trust. Tyneside) Group partners South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside Action 4: Climate Change Toolkit. Development of Climate Change toolkit and delivery Manufacturing Forum, Energy Saving 2010 2011 £ - - - - mechanisms for businesses, schools, residents and community groups. Trust, Schools, Business in the Community, Environment Agency Action 5: Energy Performance Buildings Directive. Assess the potential marketability of the Energy Performance Building Directive as a means of encouraging reductions in South Tyneside Council 2010 2016 £ - - - - CO2 from stationary sources. Action 6: South Tyneside Council to encourage the local community to develop South Tyneside Council, South Tyneside community renewable schemes and / or Renewable Energy Services companies Homes, New and Renewable Energy 2010 2016 £ - - - - (RESCo's). Centre (NaREC), Developers Action 1: South Tyneside Council to provide training on sustainable energy to South Tyneside Council, Carbon Trust 2010 2016 £ - - - - curriculum advisors so they can promote the subject in schools. Action 2: South Tyneside Council to encourage schools to engage with energy South Tyneside Council, Children and education through initiatives such as the North East Climate Change Lead Schools and Young People Directorate, North East 2010 2012 £ - - - - Training and education Sustainable Learning Programmes. Programmes such as these can help realise Climate Change Lead Schools initiative, average energy reductions of 10 %. Sustainable Learning Programme South Tyneside Council, Children and Action 3: Use visual display meters to strengthen relationships between energy teams, Young People Directorate, Energy Team- 2010 2012 £ - - - - education teams and schools in the monitoring of energy use in schools. Asset Management, Schools - - - OTHER SECTOR(S): Action 1: National government has a target to produce around 30 % of grid electricity from renewables by 2020 by substantially increasing the requirement for electricity suppliers to sell renewable electricity. If a conservative approach is taken and the Decarbonisation of the carbon intensity reduction of the grid reached half the anticipated amount by 2020 then Not applicable 2010 2020 0 - - national Grid 63,438 the estimated savings would be in the region of 63 ktpa and this would mean South Tyneside would exceed the 20 % target. Costs associated with this measure are un- quantified. Investment would need to be supported by Government.
- - 63,438
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