Water resources management to achieve sustainable development in Bushehr (A coastal city in )

Sara Bardestani, Civil Engineer, Bushehr University of medical sciences, [email protected]

Asghar Rezaei Harouni, Water Engineer, Water Consulting Engineers Co. in Bushehr

Figure 1: Map of Iran and Bushehr Figure 2: The suggested scenarios to supply water Province shortage Water resources management available in every county Introduction Water abstraction management of resources available in every county Iran is one of the semi-arid to arid countries in the world, so comprehensive water study plans, water resources development and Align water resources within each county

consumption management with the aim of sustainable social, centers : Transfer of excess excess of : Transfer economic and environmental conditions in different parts of the 1 Alignment of water resources between the country is essential. The definition and implementation of such county and within the province

projects to provide fresh water in the drinking, industry and water between consumption between water Scenario Water shortage supply through seawater or agriculture sections and to develop indicators of social, economic, local brackish water political and environmental occurs. In some parts of the country, freshwater resources barely cover drinking water, while they have access to the endless brackish waters of the , the Oman Water resources management available in Sea, and brackish rivers. In addition to the lack of safe and suitable every county water resources, increasing water transfer costs from remote areas, Water abstraction management of the need to take into account environmental and social resources available in every county considerations, also makes the development of water resources as a sustainable process in the southern shoreline is avoidable. The IRAN : No movement of of movement : No No movement of excess water in every subject of the current plan has been formed in this direction and its N 2 county main focus is the supply of water with the desired quality and

W E centers consumption quantity in the southern shoreline of the country through the Bushehr between water excess S Water shortage supply through seawater or evaluation of desalination systems from brackish and brackish water. Scenario local brackish water

Methodology Figure 3: The Senario 1: 2025 amount of water 40 (Fig.1) with ten counties is located in the south of the shortage in 30 country, with a long coastline onto the Persian Gulf. Due to its location on different 20 the strategic coast of the Persian Gulf, maritime exports and imports, fishing horizons 10 industry, oil and gas reserves, agriculture and palm groves, and the according to the 0 existence of a nuclear power plant, this province has strategic and economic first scenario -10

importance. The province has a population of 1,030,386 people and an area MCM Lackof Water of 23160 km2. Coordinates of Bushehr within Iran is 28.9184°N 50.8382°E. -20 The present study is a combination of water needs studies, study of water 2025 drinking 2025 industry resources, potential and water shortages in rural and urban areas and finally Bushehr province. In the selected method for estimating the shortage of Senario 1: 2030 Senario 1: 2040 drinking water and industry of the shoreline using water desalination 60 100 50 systems, the assumption of the possibility of moving and transferring water 80 between consumption centers, especially cities, has been accepted. 40 Therefore, the scenarios in Fig. 2 can be suggested to supply water shortage. 30 60 20 40 10 Figure 4: The Senario 2: 2025 20 amount of water 0

35 MCM Lackof Water shortage in MCM Lackof Water -10 0 30 different horizons -20 25 -20 according to the -30 20 second scenario 2030 drinking 2030 industry 2040 drinking 2040 industry 15 10

Lack of Water MCM Lackof Water 5 0 Results The amount of water shortage in different horizons according to the first and second scenarios are 2025 drinking 2025 industry presented in Fig. 3 and 4. Based on the graphs in Figure 3 related to the first scenario, it is observed that with the Senario 2: 2030 Senario 2: 2040 consumption of excess water in the drinking sector and 60 90 allocating part of it to industry, there will be a shortage 50 80 of water in Dashtestan in other cities. However, in most 70 40 cities, a small part of this water shortage is related to 60 drinking water. This amount of water needs to be 30 50 40 supplied from saline or saline sources. According to the 20 30 graphs of the second scenario and assuming no excess 20 water is transferred within the counties and transferred

Lack of Water MCM Lackof Water 10 Lack of Water MCM Lackof Water 10 to neighboring counties, in 2025, the total water 0 0 shortage in Bushehr province is 51.54 MCM for the drinking sector and 241.25 MCM for the industrial sector. A part of this water is related to the industrial

2030 drinking 2030 industry 2040 drinking 2040 industry sector, which is supplied through sea desalination plant.