Marketing Fragment 6 X 10.T65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53532-8 - Law and Crime in the Roman World Jill Harries Index More information

Index

abduction 86, 111 Archippus, Fl. 28 abortion 87 Aristo, Titus, jurist 53 accountability 71, 72, 74 , 75, 107 arson 107 , 111 , 119 accusation 5, 8, 18, 21, 26, 31, 32, 33, 40, 63, 64, 65, Arvandus 83 68, 74, 76 , 79, 80, 81 , 98 , 100, 101, 103 , 105, 111 , astrologers 104 122, 123, 131 Ateius Capito 8, 20 actio in factum 11, 45, 96, 97, 98 , 102 , 103 , 106 , atheism 39, 128 116, 118 Attalus, at Lyon 40 actio utilis 45, 46 Augustine 110 action for mandate 30 Augustus, emperor 10, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, actresses 89, see also prostitutes 32, 34 , 65, 77 , 78 , 79, 82 , 89, 92, 93, 95 , 96, 97 , adultery 3 , 4 , 10, 18, 20, 25, 87 , 89 , 93 , 95, 118, 123 98 , 99, 103, 107, 108, 116, 119 advocates ix, 2 , 5 , 11 , 12, 13, 19, 21 , 22, 24, 33 , 34 , 48 , Aulus Gellius ix , 37 , 51, 125 51, 59, 62, 67, 70, 74, 75, 99, 100 , 101, 103 , 122 Aemilia Lepida 103 Bacchanalian ‘conspiracy’ 17 Agamemnon 100 ballots, of jurors 63 Aginatius 82 bandits 10, 11, 29, 36, 56, 57 Agnates 104 banishment, see exile Agrippina, the younger 93 Bassus, Julius 67, 78 Albucilla 104 bear, Scottish 36 Alfenus Varus, P., jurist 43, 47, 58 bears 47, 48 ambitus, see corruption belief, as crime 39 ambiguity 75, 76 Bohannan, P. 99 Ambrose of Milan 94 bribery 59, 60, 65, 67 Ammianus Marcellinus 83, 84 brothels 102 amnesty 82, 94, 104 Brutus, M. 65, 76 animals, damage to 46 Brutus, M., jurist 47 Annia Rufilla 79 Bulbus 75 Antichrist 84 Bulla Felix 10 antiquarianism 51, 52, 54, 55, 57 Antonia the younger 103 Caecilius Africanus, Sex. 37, 55, 57 Antoninus Pius, emperor 8, 55, 103, 113 Caecina, Aulus 112 Antonius, M. (in 90 s) 75, 92 Caesar, C. Julius 17, 19, 22, 76, 84, 106, Antonius, M. 10, 65 , 89 , 129 107, 119 Apollonius of Tyana 130 Calama, riot at 110 appellatio 27, 28, 37, 38, 39, 68, 69, 70 Caligula 84, 108 Appius Claudius, decemvir 89 Callistratus, jurist 9, 32, 37, 114 Appius Claudius Pulcher 75, 76 calumnia 21, 22, 40, 41 Appuleia Varilia 103 cannibalism 40 Apuleius ix , 10, 21, 29, 35, 121, 128 , 129, 131 Caracalla 79, 92, 97, 113, 119 Arcadius, emperor 81 Cassius Longinus, C., jurist 113, 120

143

144 Index

categories 52 customary law, see custom Catiline 10, 59, 107 , 129 Cyprian, of Carthage 39 Cato the Censor 95 Cyrene Edicts 23 Cato the younger 130 Catulus, Q. Lutatius 107, 115 damages, law of 43, 44, 45, see also iniuria Celsus, jurist 49 death, causes of 48, 119 Censor 96 debt 55, 57, 114 Cervidius Scaevola, jurist 79 decided cases, see court decisions character, importance of 51, 122, 127, 129, 131 defence, arguments for 21 , 49 , 63, 67, 74, 119, 123 children 86 , 90, 94, 95 definitions, problems with 1, 70, 74 , 83 , 84 , 98, Chresimus, C. Furius 16 111, 112, 113, 127 Christians 10, 13, 22, 35, 36, 38 , 39, 69, 86 , 87, 88, delator, see informers 91, 94, 99, 104, 109 , 127 , 128 , 129 delegation 65, 70 Cicero, M. Tullius 2, 5, 10, 18 , 19, 20, 32, 60 , 61, delictum 4 , 6, 44, 57, 66, 70, 110 62, 65, 71, 74 , 75, 76, 86 , 87 , 89, 90, 92, 101, 102, deportation, see exile 108, 112, 118, 129 deterrence, see terror Cicero, Quintus 15 deviance 13, 127 citizens, Roman 1, 61, 65, 66, 107, 111 , 122 Digest, of Justinian 3 , 96 , 114 , 115, 121 Claudia Pulchra 104 Dio, Cassius 80, 92, 130 Claudius, emperor 93, 103, 104 Dio Chrysostom, of Prusa 108 Claudius Gorgus 99 Diocletian 68 , 94, 108, 119 Clodius, Pulcher, P. 10, 90, 108, 116 , 118 dispossession, violent 107, 111 , 112, 116, 122 Cluentius, Cicero’s defence of 5 , 118 divorce 86 , 95 , 97 , 99 , 104, 105 Clytemnestra 100 domestic abuse 86 cognitio 5 , 7 , 21, 23, 29, 32, 123 Domitian 38 , 84 , 92, 93, 101, 102, 130 Commodus, emperor 84, 99, 109 double institutionalisation 98 comperendinatio 20 drugs, see poison competition 60 , 71, 80, 129 drunkenness 95 , 122 complaint, culture of 42 Drusus, Livius, tribune 17, 25, 50, 59, 64, 75 , 76 , concussio 27, 61 77, 84, 107 , 121 conflict 129 dye, purple 34, 82, 83 consilium, of governor 7 , 28, 123 Constans, emperor 15, 85 , 94 Edict, Praetor’s 4 , 9, 12 , 13, 14, 25, 49 , 50, 107 , Constantine I, emperor 15, 22, 26, 34 , 81, 90, 104, 112, 115, 121 110, 113 Egypt 13, 53, 90, 94 Constantius II 84, 94 , 108 embezzlement 3 , 76 contio 14, 16, 63, 108 emperors, Roman passim contrectatio 53 endogamy 90, 94, 95 controversiae 101 eques (pl. equites) 64, 71 Corinna, and Ovid 88 equity 101 Corn Supply, Prefect of 70 etymology 14, 56, 96 Cornelia, Vestal Virgil 92 Euric, of Goths 83 Cornelius, C. tribune 60, 62, 76 Eusebius, of Caesarea 35 corroboration, rule of 34, 81 exile 35, 36, 66, 67, 69, 71, 87, 92, 103, 104, 114 corruption 2, 3 , 17, 24, 41, 42, 45 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 60 , existimatio, see honour 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 132 extortion 16, 17, 19, 23, 25, 59, 61, 74, 78, 80, 83 counterfeiting, of coinage 34, 82 extra ordinem 9 , 22, 29, 58 , 66 , 123, see also cognitio court decisions 2, 13, 53, 58, 75, 101 Cremutus Cordus 78 facinus (pl. facinora) 4, 110 crimen, see accusation Falanius, eques 79 crowds 9, 33, 39, 40, 108, 112, 116, 122, 131 family, Roman 86, 95, 96, 98, 132 crucifixion 33, 35, 36, 122 family courts 2, 4, 15, 25, 98, 99, 106 culleus, see sack Fannius Caepio 78 culpa, see negligence Favorinus, of Arles 55, 57 custom 2 , 13, 36, 75, 94, 98 , 103 fear, see metus, terror

Index 145

fictio civitatis 61 infamia 6, 24, 26, 32, 69 , 70 , 79 , 81 , 98 , 115 fine, as penalty 14, 25, 63, 67 , 69 , 70 , 89 , 119 infanticide 119 fish, magic 126 , 127 informers 21, 80, 82, 96 Flaccus 65 iniuria 3, 17, 26, 43, 44, 45, 49, 79, 107 , 111 Fonteius 65 inscriptio 8, 18, 21, 26, 125 food, supply of 108 intention, in law 48 , 49, 107, 111 , 112, 119 forgery 2 , 3 , 17, 24, 38 , 83 interdict, of praetor 107, 111 , 112 fraud 3 , 45, 64, 78 interdiction (from fire and water) 35, 73, 82, 107 freedom 108 invective 91, 95 furtum, see theft Irni, Latin Law of 23 furtum conceptum 52, 53 Isauria 10 furtum oblatum 52, 53 iudices, see judges iudicium populi 1, 8, 14, 17, 23, 64 Gabinius, A. 76 ius civile 2, 4 , 12 , 13, 93 Gabinius Pompeianus 109 ius gentium 94, 110 Gaius, emperor, see Caligula ius vitae necisque 86 , 98 Gaius, jurist 4 , 5, 7 , 44 , 47, 51, 52, 53, 55, 121 Galba 28 Josephus 10 Gallienus, emperor 39 judges 1, 5 , 7 , 11 , 13, 16, 19, 23, 24, 30, 32, 51, 53, 56, gangs 106 , 107, 112, 116 58 , 59, 61, 62, 63, 68, 69, 100, 102, 114, 122 Gaul 10, 73, 83, 85, 106 , 130 Jugurtha 73 genera, see categories Julia, the elder 78, 103 Germanicus 118 Julia, the younger 78 , 103 gifts 59 , 67 Julian, emperor 85 gold 69, 70, 89 Julian, jurist, see Salvius Julianus Gordian III, emperor 38 jurists 2 , 3, 6 , 7 , 9, 11, 12 , 13, 24, 29, 32, 45, 46, 47 , governors, provincial 7 , 22, 23, 24, 28, 30, 37 , 40, 48 , 49, 53, 54, 96, 99, 100, 115, 124, 131; see also 50, 59 , 61, 65, 66, 68, 75, 77 , 82 , 108, 131 Alfenus, Callistratus, Celsus, Cervidius Gracchus, C. 17, 61, 62, 64 , 71, 73 Scaevola, Labeo, Macer, Marcian, Gratian, emperor 94, 111 Modestinus, Mucius Scaevola, Papinian, Paulus, Pomponius, Proculus, Sabinus, Salvius Hadrian, emperor 2, 9 , 12, 15, 28 , 39 , 80 Julianus, Servius Sulpicius Rufus, Hannibal 92 Tryphoninus, Ulpian Helen of Troy 100 jurors, see judges Helvidius Priscus 130 Justinian 3 , 4 , 24 , 32, 46 , 50, 56 , 81, 97 , 119 , 124, 132 Herennius Rufinus 125 Juvenal 15, 67, 87 heresy 130 Homer 100 kidnapping 3 , 6 , 17, 22, 29, 54, 111 homicide 2 , 3 , 4 , 8, 16, 45, 46, 58, 60, 97 , 98, 102, killing, lawful 48, see also self-help 104, 106, 107, 110, 121, 124 honestiores 6 , 25, 36, 82 labelling, as deviant 128 honour 5 , 32, 36, 48, 49 , 50, 57, 59 , 68, 86 , 87, 88, Labeo, Antistius, jurist 49, 52, 55, 113 89, 96, 98, 99 , 101, 102, 103, 106 Laenas, C. Popilius 73 honour-killing, see killing, lawful; self-help Lampadius 109 hooligans 9 , see also gangs Laureolus 36 Horatius, and sister 79 legal tradition 3, 7, 9, 11 Hostilius Mancinus 89 lenocinium, pimping 6, 25, 98, 100 humiliores 6, 25, 36, 82 Lex Appuleia on treason (maiestas) 17, 37, 73, 74, husbands, rights of 86, 87 , 88, 89 , 97 , 100 , 102 77, 84 Lex Aquilia 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 58, 107 images, see statues Lex Calpurnia on repetundae 16, 61, 62 imperium, of governors 29, 75, 77, 81, 111 , 112 Lex Cornelia maiestatis 76, 77 incest 40 Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis 5, 17, 23, 25, 27, incompetence, judicial, 22, 38, 42, 131, see also 35, 46, 60, 67, 81, 97, 98, 102, 107, 111, 119, corruption 121, 123

146 Index

Lex Cornelia Baebia 60 Milo, T. Annius 19, 118 Lex Cornelia Fulvia 60 mines, sentencing to 36, 38, 87 Lex Julia on adulteries 94, 96, 101, 121 Minucia, Vestal Virgin 91 Lex Julia maiestatis 76, 77 , 81 Minucius Felix 119 Lex Julia de maritandis ordinibus 96, 121 mob, see crowds Lex Julia on publica iudicia 20, 25, 28, 65 Modestinus, jurist 13, 24, 124 Lex Julia on repetundae 65 moral entrepreneurs 128 Lex Julia de vi 27, 28 , 110, 111 , 114, 115 Morality, and crime, see social values Lex Lutatia de vi 59 , 107 , 116 mourning, for traitors 79 Lex Papia Poppaea 95 Mucius Scaevola, Q., jurist 47 , 48 Lex Plautia de vi 107 mules 47 Lex Pompeia, see parricide murder, see homicide Libanius, of Antioch 42, 109 Musonius Rufus 100 libellus, form of accusation 20, 21, 123 Liberals, American 84 Natalis, bad governor 69 libertas , see freedom negligence 48 Libo Drusus 80 Nero 24, 120, 130 Licinus Mucianus 130 night, dangers of 43, 51, 125 litigants, behaviour of ix, 11 , 27, 31, 32, 37 , nominis delatio 18, 62 43, 58, 68 , 111 Norbanus 73, 75 Livia, Augusta 118 Livia, the younger 103 obligation, delict as breach of 44, 45 Livy 89 , 91 officials, see staffs Lucius, in Metamorphoses 122, 123, 124 Opimius, L. 73 Lucretia, rape of 2, 89 ordo 9 , 29, 66 , see also extra ordinem Lyon, martyrdoms at 40 outrage, see iniuria outsider, see strangers Macer Aemilius, jurist 26, 27, 31, 66, 69, 71 Ovid 10, 88, 89 Maecianus, L. Volusius 8 magic 16, 80 , 104 , 121, 124 , 128 , 130 Papinian, jurist 7, 11, 22, 31, 93, 96, 99 maiestas (laesa) see treason 3 , 14, 17, 26, 34, 39, 72, parricide 8, 13, 15, 17, 22, 28, 94, 118, 121 103, 106, 109 , 116 , 130 patronage 59, 64, 116, 132 maleficium 4, 5 , 45 patroni, see advocates mandate 30 Paul, Saint, of Tarsus 28, 31 manus iniectio 1, 106 Paulus, jurist 20, 25, 48, 94 Marcian, jurist 25, 77 peculation 3, 17 Marcian, litigant 114 Pedanius Secundus, murder of 120 Marcianus, Fl. 67 penalty, see punishment Marcus Aurelius 30, 40, 99, 114, 130 penance 105 Marius, C. 60 People’s courts, see iudicium populi Marius, Sex. 93 perduellio (treason) 3, 14, 17, 26, 34, 39, 72, 103, Marius Priscus, in 20, 25, 48, 66, 78 , 94 106, 109, 116, 130 marriage 86 , 90 Petrus Valvomeres 109, 116 martyrs, Christian 39, 41 philosophers 123, 127, 129, 131 Maternus Cynegius 110 philosophers’ conspiracy 82 Maximus, C. Claudius, procos. Afr. 122, 123, 124 Philostratus 130 Maximus, C. Mallius 73 Piso, C. Calpurnius 60, 76 Maximus, Magnus, emperor 130 Piso, Calpurnius, in 3, 17, 26, 43, 44, 45, 49, 79, Memmius 73 107, 111, 118 Menelaus 100 Plautius, C. praetor Messalina 103, 104 Pliny, the Younger 23, 38, 39, 66, 67, 70, 78, 92, Metellus Macedonicus 96 120, 121, 126 Metellus Numidicus 73 Plutarch 100 Mettius Fufetius 57 poison 46, 103, 118, 120, 121, 124, 131 metus, action for 88, 107 , 114 policing 1, 60, 106, 108, 112, 131

Index 147

pollution 90, 95 Rubellius Plautus 130 Pompeius Macer 78 Rutilius Rufus 64 Pomponius, jurist 7 , 8, 55 Pontifex Maximus 90, 91, 92 Sabinus, Masurius, jurist 51, 52, 113 Possidius 110 sack, penalty of the 15, 121 postulatio 18, 20 sacrifices, unlawful 124, 126, 130 praetor (urbanus), at Rome 30, 41, 45 , 46 , sacrilege 29 48, 52, 61, 78 , 103 , 106, 111 , see also Edict, salarium (salt-money) 30 Praetor’s Salvius Julianus, jurist 9 , 14, 113, 115 praetor peregrinus 62, 63, 111 Saturninus, L. Appuleius 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 83 , praetorian prefect (in Late Antiquity) 68, 69 see also Lex Appuleia praevaricatio 21 SC Claudianum 24 Primagenia, Vestal Virgin 93 SC Geminianum 24 Primus, Marcus 78 SC Licinianum 24 Priscus, Marcus 113 SC Messalianum 24 prison 36 , 38 , 40 , 82 , 111 , 116 SC Silanianum 119 process, legal 3 SC Turpillianum 21 , 22, 31 Proculus, trendy jurist 23, 113 Scirtius, of Praeneste 116 prosecution, see accusation Sejanus, L. Aelius 79, 103 prostitutes 6, 49, 89 , 90 , 102 self-help 11 , 45 , 96 , 97 , 98, 102, 103, 106, provocatio 14, 28 116 , 118 publica iudicia 1, 7, 8, 9, 17, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, Senate, of Rome 2, 12 , 13, 19, 24, 59 , 62, 64, 66, 32, 66, 71, 90, 96, 98 , 123, 124 70 , 71, 74, 77 , 79 , 103, 118, 120 public courts, see publica iudicia sentencing, see punishment public justice 41, 63, 122, 132 Servilius Caepio, Q. consul 21 , 22, 31, 64 , 73 Pudentilla 123, 125 Servilius Caepio, the younger 74, 75 punishment 1, 4 , 25, 26, 32, 33, 35, 36, 40, 44, 45, Servilius Glaucia 64 50, 51, 52, 53, 56 , 58 , 63, 66, 67, 70, 77, 78, 81, Servius Sulpicius Rufus, jurist 47, 51, 52 82, 98 , 103, 105, 112, 114, 119, 122, 129 Severus, Septimius, emperor 30, 38 , 79 , 80, 87, punishment, purpose of 37 97 , 99, 101, 113 shame, see honour, infamia quaestio 3, 5 , 7 , 8, 16, 17, 21, 23, 60, 61, 92, Sicily 61, 71 97, 103, see also publica iudicia Sicinius Aemilianus 125, 127 quaestio Mamilia 73 Silanus, governor of Asia 80 quaestor 63, 74 Silanus, D. Junius 78 quaestor, imperial 111 Silanus, M. Junius 73 Quintilian ix, 5 , 34 , 101 , 103 slaves 3, 20, 33, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 79, 111, 119 raptus, see abduction social values 1, 2, 3 recovery, see extortion Soranus, gynaecologist 87 relegation, see exile staffs, of governors 65, 67, 69 remedies, legal 3 Staienus 76 Remus 106 statues, of emperors 79, 109 repetundae, see extortion statutes 2, 5, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 41, 58, retribution, punishment as 37 , 45 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59, 70, 97, 110, 121, 126, 131 66, 71 Stayley, William 84 revenge, see retribution stellionatus (swindling) 31 rhetoric 56, 58, 68 , 69 , 71, 94 , 119 Stoicism 130 Rhetorica ad Herennium 74 strangers, dangers to 122, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131 riot 75, 108, 116, 119, see also tumultus stuprum 15, 82, 88, 89, 93, 99, 100 robbery with violence 3 , 6 , 37, 44, 45, 57, Suetonius 92 112, 115 Sulla, L. Cornelius 17, 25, 50, 59, 64, 75, 76, 77, Rome, City of 1, 4 , 5, 7 , 8, 11 , 16 84, 107, 121 Romulus 95, 106 Symmachus, the elder 69, 109 Roscius, of Ameria 118 Symmachus, Q. Aurelius 22, 93, 116

148 Index

Tacitus, historian 24, 66, 72, 80, 83, 84 , 93 , 95, Ulpian, jurist 6 , 7, 8, 13, 16, 23, 25, 29, 31, 104, 120 36, 38, 46, 49, 76, 77 , 79 , 100 , 107, 113, Tarentum fragment 73 115, 120, 129 Tarpeian Rock 57, 93 unlawful sex, see stuprum, adultery tergiversatio 21 terror 1, 37, 41, 56 , 107 , 120, 129 , 132 Valens, emperor 82, 84 Tertullian 105 Valentinian I 26, 69, 82, 84, 104 theft 3, 6 , 29, 43, 44, 45, 50, 58 , 106 , 111 , 112, 115, Valentinian II 94 118, 122, 124, 125 Valerian, emperor 39 theft, manifest 52, 53 vanity, of women 87, 88 Theodosian Code 60, 81, 83, 109, 114, 115, 119 Varenus Rufus 68 Theodosius I, emperor 69, 70, 109 Varro, and violence 117 Theodosius II, emperor 13, 24 Varro Murena 78 Theophanes, of Bithynia 68 Venuleius Saturninus, jurist 8, 28 Thessaly 113, 121 Veratius, L., bully 55 Thrasea Paetus 130 Verginia 89 Tiberius, emperor 24, 25, 52, 72, 78, 79, 84 , 89, 93, Verres, C. 18, 19, 61, 71 99, 103, 104 , 118 Vespasian 130 Tisamenos 42 Vesta 113, 120 torture 20, 23, 33, 37, 38 , 39, 40, 41, 79, 81, 82, 104, Vestal Virgins 90, 91, 95 120, 122 vicarii 68 Trajan, emperor 38, 39, 40 violence 2, 8, 17, 18, 45, 50, 58, 75, 77, 88, treason 3 , 14, 17, 26, 34, 39, 72, 103, 106, 120, 124, 132 109, 116, 130 vis privata 107, 110 Trebius Germanus 8, 120 Vistilia 89 trees 45 , 46 , 48 Vitellius, Hostilius 67 Trio, Fulcinius 80 Tryphoninus, jurist 87 waitresses 90 tumultus 112, 115 witches 121 Twelve Tables 1, 8, 16, 24, 37, 45, 50 , 51, 52, 54 , 55, witnesses 63, 71, 113, 119, 121, 125, 126 56, 57, 72, 119, 124, 125 women 86, 89, 104, 131