DOCSLIB.ORG

Studies in Jewish History and Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studies in Jewish History and Culture Religious Changes and Cultural Transformations in the Early Modern Western Sephardic Communities Studies in Jewish History and Culture Edited by Giuseppe Veltri Editorial Board Gad Freudenthal Alessandro Guetta Hanna Liss Ronit Meroz Reimund Leicht Judith Olszowy-Schlanger David Ruderman Marion Aptroot volume 54 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sjhc Religious Changes and Cultural Transformations in the Early Modern Western Sephardic Communities Edited by Yosef Kaplan LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover illustration: Interior of the residence of Jacob Henriques de Granada in Amsterdam, Nieuwe Herengracht 99. Photo: Pieter Vlaardingerbroek. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kaplan, Yosef, editor. Title: Religious changes and cultural transformations in the early modern western Sephardic communities / edited by Yosef Kaplan. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2019] | Series: Studies in Jewish history and culture | “The twenty-four articles in this volume are based on lectures given at the conference that took place at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem from November 14 through 16, 2016”—Preface. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018049620 (print) | LCCN 2018050644 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004392489 (E-book) | ISBN 9789004367531 (hardback) Subjects: LCSH: Jews—Europe, Western—History—Congresses. | Sephardim—Europe, Western—History—Congresses. | Europe, Western—Ethnic relations—Congresses. Classification: LCC DS135.E82 (ebook) | LCC DS135.E82 R45 2019 (print) | DDC 305.892/40409031—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018049620 The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (EP7/2007–2013)/ERC grant agreement No. 295352. Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1568-5004 isbn 978-90-04-36753-1 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-39248-9 (e-book) Copyright 2019 by the Authors. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xxxiii List of Figures and Tables xxxiv Notes on Contributors xxxvi Part 1 Markers of Converso Identities 1 A Crisis of Judeoconverso Identity and Its Echoes, 1391 to the Present 3 David Graizbord 2 A Family of the Nação from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and Beyond (1497–1640) 22 James Nelson Novoa 3 Conversos versus Recusants: Shaping the Markers of Difference (1570–1680) 43 Natalia Muchnik 4 Richelieu in Marrano Garb: Conversos as Agents of the French Confessional Model, c. 1640 71 Claude B. Stuczynski 5 Semi-Clandestine Judaism in Early Modern France: European Horizons and Local Varieties of a Domestic Devotion 113 Carsten L. Wilke 6 Prison Revelations and Jailhouse Encounters: Inquisitorial Prisons as Places of Judaizing Activism and Cross-Cultural Exchange 137 Ronnie Perelis vi contents Part 2 Mechanisms of Social Discipline in the Sephardic Communities 7 Defining Deviance, Negotiating Norms: Raphael Meldola in Livorno, Pisa, and Bayonne 157 Bernard Dov Cooperman 8 A Sephardic Saga in the Dutch Republic: The Cohen Pallache Women on Love, Religion, and Social Standing 195 Tirtsah Levie Bernfeld 9 Dispute Resolution and Kahal Kadosh Talmud Torah: Community Forum and Legal Acculturation in Eighteenth-Century Amsterdam 228 Evelyne Oliel-Grausz 10 The “Livro de Pleitos”: The Leadership of the Spanish and Portuguese Community of London in the Eighteenth Century as a Court of Requests 258 Alex Kerner Part 3 Economy and Community among Italian Sephardim 11 Jews in the Papal States between Western Sephardic Diasporas and Ghettoization: A Trial in Ancona as a Case Study (1555–1563) 291 Serena Di Nepi 12 The Sephardic Community and Social Practices in the Circuit of Money: Social Implications of Payment Networks in the Context of the Livorninas 323 Mauricio Dimant 13 Charity Begins at Home: Reflections on the Dowry Society of Livorno 346 Nourit Melcer-Padon contents vii Part 4 The Boundaries of Rabbinical Authority 14 Jacob Sasportas and Problems of Discipline in the Ets Haim Yeshiva 383 Yaacob Dweck 15 A Letter’s Importance: The Spelling of Daka(h) (Deut. 23:2) and the Broadening of Western Sephardic Rabbinic Culture 393 David Sclar 16 Hakham Yaakov Athias—A Portuguese Rabbi Facing the Winds of Enlightenment and Secularization 414 Yocheved Beeri Part 5 Varieties of Cultural Creativity 17 On the Role of Hebrew Grammars in the Western European Diaspora and the New World 431 Moisés Orfali 18 New Jews in Amsterdam: Some Social Aspects Reflected in the Thesouro dos Dinim by Menasseh ben Israel 452 Aliza Moreno-Goldschmidt 19 Penso de la Vega and the Question of Jewish Baroque 469 Einat Davidi Part 6 Crossing the Atlantic—Sephardic Communities in the New World 20 Sea Is History, Sea Is Witness: The Creation of a Prosopographical Database for the Sephardic Atlantic 487 Michael Studemund-Halévy viii contents 21 Revisiting Blackness, Slavery, and Jewishness in the Early Modern Sephardic Atlantic 512 Jonathan Schorsch 22 Feckless Fathers, Fraught Families: Abandonment and Cultural Change in the Early Modern Jewish World 541 Jessica Vance Roitman 23 The Gabay Dynasty: Plantation Jews of the Colonial Atlantic World 565 Stanley Mirvis 24 Patriots at the Periphery: David Nassy, the French Revolution, and the Emancipation of the Dutch Jews 581 Sina Rauschenbach Index of Names and Places 611 Preface Yosef Kaplan The presence of the Portuguese Jews in the cities of Europe in the early mod- ern period aroused curiosity mingled with enthusiasm and suspicion. For some visitors in cities like Venice and Amsterdam, these were the first flesh and blood Jews they had ever encountered. The Portuguese Jews’ splendid dress, cosmopolitan education, and excellent mastery of European languages contradicted the common stereotype of poorly spoken Jews with coarse man- ners. In contrast, the Portuguese Jews displayed elegance and courtesy, and the best educated among them were used to holding conversations on a broad variety of intellectual subjects. For example, Thomas Coryate, who visited Venice in 1608, wrote about the Jews he met there: “For indeed I noted some of them to be most elegant and sweete featured persons, which gave me oc- casion the more to lament their religion.”1 Alexandre-Toussaint Limojon de Saint Didier found there Jews of various origins, and he particularly empha- sized the wealth of the Portuguese: “There are several sorts of Nations among them, Hollanders, Spaniards, Portuguese, Germans and Italians, who have their particular Synagogues. But of all these different Nations, the Portuguese are counted the richest, who likewise esteem themselves to be in the highest de- gree above all the rest.”2 In a letter sent from Venice on March 27, 1688, the French tourist, Maximillian Misson outdid himself in describing the wealth of the Portuguese Jews: “There are some Jews at Venice who drive a great Trade, especially the Portuguese, who are very rich here, as well as at Amsterdam and elsewhere.”3 Following a visit to Amsterdam, he spoke with amazement about the political status of some of the representatives of the Portuguese social elite: “Notwithstanding the Inquisition against the Jews in Spain and Portugal, a Portuguese Jew (Don Jerome Nunez de Costa) was Agent of Portugal at Amsterdam. And another, 1 Thomas Coryate, Coryate’s Crudities (London, 1611), 231–32; Benjamin Ravid, “Christian Trav- elers in the Ghetto of Venice: Some Preliminary Remarks,” in Between History and Literature: Studies in Honor of Isaac Barzilay, ed. Stanley Nash (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publish- ing House 1997), 111–50. 2 Alexandre-Toussaint Limojon de Saint Didier, The City and Republick of Venice (London, 1699), 2: 60–61. 3 Maximillian Misson, A New Voyage to Italy, English translation from the French original, 5th enlarged edition (London, 1739), 2: Letter xxiv, 476. x preface Don Emanuel de Belmonte, Resident of Spain. This last received the Title of Count from the Emperor.”4 The Italian diplomat, Gregorio Letti, expressed himself in a similar tone and praised them extravagantly: “La sinagoga de’ Portoghesi sembra un seggio di Nobili, gente ben fatta, quasi tutta civile, ben vestita, ricca e che fa gran figura” (The synagogue of the Portuguese seems like the seat of nobles, cultivated peo- ple, almost all well-mannered, well-dressed, rich and who look impressive).5 Though he found the synagogue service repugnant, Letti was enchanted by the Portuguese social elite especially in Amsterdam,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TALMUDIC STUDIES Ephraim Kanarfogel
    chapter 22 TALMUDIC STUDIES ephraim kanarfogel TRANSITIONS FROM THE EAST, AND THE NASCENT CENTERS IN NORTH AFRICA, SPAIN, AND ITALY The history and development of the study of the Oral Law following the completion of the Babylonian Talmud remain shrouded in mystery. Although significant Geonim from Babylonia and Palestine during the eighth and ninth centuries have been identified, the extent to which their writings reached Europe, and the channels through which they passed, remain somewhat unclear. A fragile consensus suggests that, at least initi- ally, rabbinic teachings and rulings from Eretz Israel traveled most directly to centers in Italy and later to Germany (Ashkenaz), while those of Babylonia emerged predominantly in the western Sephardic milieu of Spain and North Africa.1 To be sure, leading Sephardic talmudists prior to, and even during, the eleventh century were not yet to be found primarily within Europe. Hai ben Sherira Gaon (d. 1038), who penned an array of talmudic commen- taries in addition to his protean output of responsa and halakhic mono- graphs, was the last of the Geonim who flourished in Baghdad.2 The family 1 See Avraham Grossman, “Zik˙atah shel Yahadut Ashkenaz ‘el Erets Yisra’el,” Shalem 3 (1981), 57–92; Grossman, “When Did the Hegemony of Eretz Yisra’el Cease in Italy?” in E. Fleischer, M. A. Friedman, and Joel Kraemer, eds., Mas’at Mosheh: Studies in Jewish and Moslem Culture Presented to Moshe Gil [Hebrew] (Jerusalem, 1998), 143–57; Israel Ta- Shma’s review essays in K˙ ryat Sefer 56 (1981), 344–52, and Zion 61 (1996), 231–7; Ta-Shma, Kneset Mehkarim, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Report to the Community
    2015 Report to the Community Contents President’s Letter / 1 CEO’s Letter / 2 Thank You / 3 Our Impact / 4 Family Tree Legacy Circle / 6 Annual Donors / 8 In-Kind Donors / 21 Volunteers / 23 Operating Budget / 27 Our Family of Services & Programs / 28 Capitol Hill Campus 1601 16th Avenue Seattle, WA 98122-4000 Eastside Office Refugee & Immigrant Service Center 15821 NE 8th Street, Ste. 210 Bellevue, WA 98008-3957 South King County Office jfs.seattle Refugee & Immigrant Service Center @JFSSeattle 1209 Central Avenue S, Ste. 134 Kent, WA 98032-7439 Jewish Family Service – Seattle (206) 461-3240 jfsseattle.org blog.jfsseattle.org 2015 REPORT TO THE COMMUNITY I 1 2014-2015 Board of Directors Gail Mautner PRESIDENT Michele Rosen Letter from the PRESIDENT-ELECT Delia Jampel FIRST VICE PRESIDENT Board President Richard Gumpert TREASURER The past year at JFS has been a dynamic period, Laurie Minsk balancing the continuity of our history with healthy SECRETARY doses of change. We are continuing our 123-year Emily Alhadeff tradition of providing quality services to vulnerable IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT individuals and families to help them achieve well- Stephanie Axelrod being, health and stability. Our outstanding team of Karyn Barer professionals delivers on the promise of our mission Etan Basseri with compassion and respect. They ensure that Michael Bernstein people who are marginalized and diminished will be Eric Candell treated with dignity when they come to our doors. Carolee Danz Susan Eastern As our effort to meet the growing needs in our JoAnn Forman community continues, our staff and Board of Rochelle Goffe Directors have also been dedicated to planning for Dawn Gold the future.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dutch Moment: War, Trade, and Settlement in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World
    Wim Klooster. The Dutch Moment: War, Trade, and Settlement in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2016. 432 pp. Ill. $35.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-8014-5045-7. Reviewed by Bram Hoonhout (Leiden University) Published on H-Slavery (June, 2017) Commissioned by David M. Prior (University of New Mexico) With The Dutch Moment, Wim Klooster has To accomplish these goals, The Dutch Moment written a masterful book about the Dutch presence relies on an extensive body of secondary sources in the seventeenth-century Atlantic world. This in multiple languages, as well as on new archival “Dutch Moment” took place between the 1620s material. Throughout the book, Klooster addresses (with the first invasion of Brazil) and the 1670s various aspects of the Dutch imperial moment, in‐ (when the West India Company collapsed and New cluding military expeditions, public debates in the Netherland was definitively lost). The Dutch imper‐ metropolis, and the role of religion. The first four ial moment was gone by then, and from attackers chapters are dedicated to empire building; the fol‐ the Dutch became defenders. In between, Klooster lowing three discuss trade, migration, and interac‐ argues, the Atlantic underwent a “Great Trans‐ tions with the non-Dutch. formation,” from an Iberian-dominated space to a In the first part, Klooster places Dutch expan‐ battleground in the Second Hundred Years’ War sion in the light of the Dutch War of Independence between France and Britain. (1568-1648) with Spain. After a contextual chapter, Klooster sets out with several historiographic‐ the author shows how the West India Company al aims.
    [Show full text]
  • Rutgers Jewish Film Festival Goes Virtual, November 8–22
    The Allen and Joan Bildner Center BildnerCenter.rutgers.edu for the Study of Jewish Life [email protected] Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 12 College Avenue 848-932-2033 New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1282 Fax: 732-932-3052 October 20, 2020 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE EDITOR’S NOTE: For press inquiries, please contact Darcy Maher at [email protected] or call 732-406-6584. For more information, please visit the website BildnerCenter.Rutgers.edu/film. RUTGERS JEWISH FILM FESTIVAL GOES VIRTUAL, NOVEMBER 8–22 NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. – Tickets are now on sale for the 21st annual Rutgers Jewish Film Festival, which will be presented entirely online from November 8 through 22. This year’s festival features a curated slate of award-winning dramatic and documentary films from Israel, the United States, and Germany that explore and illuminate Jewish history, culture, and identity. The virtual festival offers a user-friendly platform that will make it easy to view inspiring and entertaining films from the comfort and safety of one’s home. Many films will also include a Q&A component with filmmakers, scholars, and special guests on the Zoom platform. The festival is sponsored by Rutgers’ Allen and Joan Bildner Center for the Study of Jewish Life and is made possible by a generous grant from the Karma Foundation. The festival kicks-off on Sunday, November 8, with the opening film Aulcie, the inspiring story of basketball legend Aulcie Perry. A Newark native turned Israeli citizen, Perry put Israel on the map as a member of the Maccabi Tel Aviv team in the 1970s.
    [Show full text]
  • Judaeo-Converso Merchants in the Private Trade Between Macao and Manila in the Early Modern Period
    JUDAEO-CONVERSO MERCHANTS IN THE PRIVATE TRADE BETWEEN MACAO AND MANILA IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD LÚCIO DE SOUSA Tokyo University of Foreign Studiesa ABSTRACT The present paper intends to contribute with new information to a reconstruction of the Sephardic presence in the Macao–Manila commer- cial network. For this purpose, in the first place, we intend to trace the pro- file of the Judaeo-converso merchants arriving in China and the Philippines and to reconstruct the commercial networks to which they belonged during the 16th and early 17th centuries. Keywords: Jewish Diaspora, commercial networks, Macao–Manila JEL Codes: N15, N16 RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene la intención de contribuircon información nueva a una reconstrucción de la presencia sefardí en la red comercial Macao– Manila. Para este fin, el trabajo rastrea el perfil de los comerciantes Judaeo- conversos que viven en China y Filipinas y reconstruye las redes comerciales a las que pertenecieron durante el siglo XVI y principios del siglo XVII. Palabras clave: Diáspora judía, redes comerciales, Macao-Manila a School of International and Area Studies, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8534, Japan. [email protected] Revista de Historia Económica, Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 519 Vol. 38, No. 3: 519–552. doi:10.1017/S0212610919000260 © Instituto Figuerola, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid 2019. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930S
    Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Ariel Mae Lambe All rights reserved ABSTRACT Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe This dissertation shows that during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) diverse Cubans organized to support the Spanish Second Republic, overcoming differences to coalesce around a movement they defined as antifascism. Hundreds of Cuban volunteers—more than from any other Latin American country—traveled to Spain to fight for the Republic in both the International Brigades and the regular Republican forces, to provide medical care, and to serve in other support roles; children, women, and men back home worked together to raise substantial monetary and material aid for Spanish children during the war; and longstanding groups on the island including black associations, Freemasons, anarchists, and the Communist Party leveraged organizational and publishing resources to raise awareness, garner support, fund, and otherwise assist the cause. The dissertation studies Cuban antifascist individuals, campaigns, organizations, and networks operating transnationally to help the Spanish Republic, contextualizing these efforts in Cuba’s internal struggles of the 1930s. It argues that both transnational solidarity and domestic concerns defined Cuban antifascism. First, Cubans confronting crises of democracy at home and in Spain believed fascism threatened them directly. Citing examples in Ethiopia, China, Europe, and Latin America, Cuban antifascists—like many others—feared a worldwide menace posed by fascism’s spread.
    [Show full text]
  • Reis Ordenaram a Expulsao Dos Rebeldes, Tentando, De Tal Forma
    O CRISTAO-NOVO LETRADO COMO SUJEITO COLONIAL NO BRASIL B NO MEXICO SEISCENTISTA: QUESTOES HISTORIOGRAFICAS B CANONICAS' POR LUCIA HELENA COSTIGAN The Ohio State University Bento Teixeira (1561-1600) e Luis de Carvajal, el Mozo (1567-1596) sAo prototipos de conversos ou cristaos-novos letrados que na colunia sofreram os reveses da InquisicAo por descenderem de hebreus e por serem acusados de continuar seguindo a crenga e filosofia de seus ancestrais. E para que meihor se possa entender o drama existencial do cripto- judeu, como ser dividido entre Cristo e Moises, e a problemAtica do cristao-novo nas dependencias portuguesa e espanhola da America a necessario remontar ao contexto pen- insular que o gerou. Apesar das perseguigOes esporAdicas sofridas na Peninsula Iberica pelos povos hebreus, que a partir da diaspora haviam emigrado para a Mesopotamia e, posteriormente, para a Espanha e Portugal, desfrutaram de liberdade e de prosperidade nos reinos dominados pelos mouros. A partir, pordm, das Cruzadas e, particularmente, de 1474, ano em que os reis cat6licos Isabel e Fernando subiram ao poder e empreenderam a fase final da unifica9ao dos reinos, mudancas radicais ocorreram na vida dos sefardins oujudeus peninsulares. 0 cristianismo compuls6rio imposto pelos reis cat6licos e a instituicao do Tribunal do Santo Oficio em 1478 provocou grande transtorno na vida dos adeptos da lei mosaica. A partir de entao, os judeus espanh~is submetidos ao batismo passaram a ser identificados como conversos ou marranos. Uma vez que parte dos seguidores da crenca mosaica se opus a conversoo forcada, os reis ordenaram a expulsAo dos rebeldes, tentando, de tal forma, erradicar do territ~rio espanhol recdm unificado os elementos considerados herdticos eameacadores da fA cat~lica.
    [Show full text]
  • The Libro Verde: Blood Fictions from Early Modern Spain
    INFORMATION TO USERS The negative microfilm of this dissertation was prepared and inspected by the school granting the degree. We are using this film without further inspection or change. If there are any questions about the content, please write directly to the school. The quality of this reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original material The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap­ pears to indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec­ tioning the original, beginning at the upper left hand comer and continu­ ing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Dissertation Information Service A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9731534 Copyright 1997 by Beusterien, John L. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9731534 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Titic 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Hamerkaz
    50883_Book_r3:50883_Book_r3 9/16/09 2:21 PM Page 1 F ALL 2 0 0 9 E DITION HAPPY NEW YEAR 5770 HAMERKAZ A PUBLICATION OF THE SEPHARDIC EDUCATIONAL CENTER SECuring Our Jewish Future 50883_Book_r3:50883_Book_r3 9/16/09 2:21 PM Page 2 BOARD MEMBERS Dr. Jose A. Nessim, Founder & President MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD W o r l d E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e Ronald J. Nessim, Chair Sarita Hasson Fields Raymond Mallel Freda Nessim By Ronald J. Nessim Steven Nessim Prof. Eli Nissim There has been significant and exciting changes at the SEC over the past two Dr. Salvador Sarfatti years. Let me update you on some of them. Neil J. Sheff Marcia Israel Weingarten Larry Azose, World Executive Director In the fall of 2007, we hired Larry Azose as our full-time executive director. Larry has a rich Sephardic background, brings organizational skills to the SEC and is S E C J e r u s a l e m C a m p u s 200% committed to our cause. We are fortunate to have him. Rabbi Yosef Benarroch, Educational Director [email protected] Our executive committee which I am proud to chair has been meeting monthly in Israel Shalem, Administrative Director Los Angeles. The executive committee has made great progress in revitalizing the [email protected] SEC and each member has assumed primary responsibility in one or more areas such as finance, Israel programs and our Jewish day school initiative. S E C C h a p t e r s Los Angeles• Argentina• New York• Montreal It is our intent over the coming months to create Advisory Committees consisting World Executive Offices of community leaders in our local chapters.
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch Brazil Michiel Van Groesen
    Dutch Brazil Michiel van Groesen This is a post-print version of ‘Groesen M. van (2018), Dutch Brazil, Oxford Bibliographies.Classics,’ available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/oBo/9780199730414- 0283 Introduction Dutch Brazil was the most important colony of the West India Company, and constituted the only truly imperial moment of the so-called Dutch Golden Age. In May 1624 a Dutch fleet invaded Salvador de Bahia, the capital of HaBsBurg Brazil, But surrendered the city to a Luso-Spanish armada eleven months later. The West India Company returned to capture PernamBuco in FeBruary 1630, gradually eXtending their territorial control from Maranhão in the north to Sergipe in the south, and retaining power in Recife until January 1654. The war the Dutch waged in Brazil, first against HaBsBurg Spain and then against the restored Portuguese monarchy, was the main geopolitical conflict in the Atlantic world in the first half of the 17th century. Despite its importance, Dutch Brazil is often regarded By historians of the Atlantic world as an incongruity. The Dutch Atlantic is considered an anomaly among more duraBle empires, while Brazil occupies a distinct position in scholarship on South America. Yet the implications of the northern European infiltration into the Iberian sphere of influence were profound. The estaBlishment of the colony undermined the notion of HaBsBurg supremacy in Latin America and increased Luso-Spanish tensions at home. It Brought a hitherto unimaginaBle (alBeit often mythologized) form of religious tolerance to the Americas, and created a multicultural society in which Protestant soldiers, Catholic sugar planters, African slaves, and Sephardic Jews all lived alongside the colony’s various native groups.
    [Show full text]
  • The Palace of Versailles, Self-Fashioning, and the Coming of the French Revolution
    La Belle et la Bête: The Palace of Versailles, Self-Fashioning, and the Coming of the French Revolution La Belle et la Bête: The Palace of Versailles, Self-Fashioning, and the Coming of the French Revolution Savanna R. Teague Abstract While the mass consumption of luxury items is oftentimes described as a factor leading the Third Estate to take action against the First and Second Estates in the buildup to the French Revolution, that spending is presented as little more than salt in the open wounds of a starving and ever-growing population that had been growing evermore destitute since the beginnings of the early modern era. However, the causes and contexts of the conspicuous consumption as practiced by the aristocracy reveal how they directly correlate to the social tensions that persisted throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries until they erupted in the 1790s. The isolation and the dictation of taste and style that Louis XIV commanded through Versailles and State-run luxury workshops became commonplace within a generation after the Fronde in which the nobles had engaged during the previous century. Versailles allowed the new generation of the aristocracy to be placated with petty privileges that developed out of the rigorous court etiquette, and their conspicuous consumption only increased as the need to compete with others at Court and those newly ennobled continued. This study examines a materialistic culture alongside its material culture, focusing on explaining the expenditures of the aristocracy without becoming enamored by the spectacle of wealth itself. The goods and services that the French aristocracy indulged in purchasing were not simply marks of luxury; they represented social ideals about order and privilege.
    [Show full text]
  • Sephardi Zionism in Hamidian Jerusalem
    “The Spirit of Love for our Holy Land:” Sephardi Zionism in Hamidian Jerusalem Ari Shapiro Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of History, Georgetown University Advisor: Professor Aviel Roshwald Honors Program Chair: Professor Katherine Benton-Cohen May 7, 2018 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 2 Important Dates 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Sephardi Identity in Context (5600-5668/1840-1908) 11 Sephardi Identity Among Palestinian Arabs 15 Sephardi Identity under the Ottoman Administration of Palestine 19 Chapter 2: Distinctly Sephardic Zionism (5640-5656/1880-1896) 23 Kol Yisra’el Ḥaverim and the New Sephardi Leadership 27 Land Purchase Through International Sephardi Networks 32 Land Purchase as a Religious Obligation 36 Chapter 3: Arab and Ottoman Influence on the Development of Sephardi Zionism (5646-5668/1886-1908) 43 Shifting Ottoman Boundaries and Jerusalem’s Political Ascent 45 European Liberalism, Ottoman Reform, and Sephardi Zionism 50 Sephardi Zionism as a Response to Hamidian Ottomanism 54 Chapter 4: The Decline of Sephardi Zionism in Jerusalem (5658-5668/1897-1908) 62 Aliyah, Jewish Demographics, and the Ashkenazi Ascent in Palestine 63 Palestinian Arab Opposition to Zionist Activity in Jerusalem 69 The Young Turk Revolt and the Death of Sephardi Zionism 73 Conclusion 79 Appendix 84 Glossary of Persons 85 Glossary of Terms 86 Bibliography 89 2 Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the network of family, friends, peers, and mentors who have helped me get to this point. To my parents and Esti, thanks for being such interested sounding boards for new lines of exploration at any and all hours when I call.
    [Show full text]