2020 International Mock Board Exam Coalition

Canada Queen University 03/12/2020 Kingston, Ontario Midwest (MI) University of Michigan 04/17/2020 Ann Arbor, MI Northeast (NY) Tri-Institutional Training Program 04/17/2020 New York, NY Midwest (MN) Mayo Clinic and University of Minnesota 04/18/2020 St. Paul, MN Pacific Northwest Oregon National Primate Research Center 04/18/2020 Beaverton, OR West Coast (Southern City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute 04/18/2020 CA) Duarte, CA Asia Singapore 04/25/2020

West Coast (Northern UC Davis 05/02/2020 CA) Davis, CA Midwest (WI) Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, 05/03/2020 Madison, WI Mid-Atlantic (MD) Fort Detrick 05/07/2020 Fort Detrick, MD Southeast (NC) NCSU Veterinary School 05/16/2020 Raleigh, NC Midwest (CO) Colorado State University 06/05/2020 Fort Collins, CO Southeast (GA) Yerkes National Primate Research Center 06/19/2020 Atlanta, GA Europe Bologna, Italy 06/26/2020 Mock ECLAM Exam

Written Section – 120 Questions

This examination is meant to be used as a study tool when preparing for the ACLAM or ECLAM Certifying Examinations. The material presented in this mock examination follows the ACLAM role delineation document, but is not necessarily reflective of the ACLAM or ECLAM Certifying Examinations.

2020 Exam Contributors

Asia Bryan Emmett Ogden, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Mynn Michele Dy Varela, DVM Rex Malabanan Manguiat, DVM Jassia Pang, DVM, DACLAM Yasmina Arditi Paramastri, DVM, DACLAM Sharon Choy Heng Yee, BSc BVMS

Canada Andrew Winterborn DVM, DACLAM - Coordinator Chereen Collymore DVM, DACLAM David Hanwell MSc DVM DVSc DACLAM Lise Phaneuf DVM, DVSc, DACLAM Janet Sunohara-Neilson, MSc, DVM, DVSc (LAS) Patricia Turner MS, DVM, DVSc, DACLAM, DABT, DECAWBM (WSEL)

Europe Michael Wilkinson, DVM, CertLAS, PhD, DiplECLAM - Coordinator Sandra Barbosa, DVM, MSc, DiplECLAM Sergio Berdun, DVM, PhD, DiplECLAM Nikola Cesarovic, DrMedVet, PhD ETH, DiplECLAM, DiplSVLAS Gianfranco Di Caro, DVM, PhD

Mid-Atlantic (Maryland) Patty Chen, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator LTC Joe Royal, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator

Midwest (Colorado) Alexa Personett, DVM - Coordinator Jessica Ayers, DVM, DACLAM Mollie Burton, DVM, MS Joel Helbling, DVM Elizabeth Houston, DVM, MS Lon Kendall, DVM, PhD, DACLAM James Owiny, DVM, DACLAM

Midwest (Michigan) Portia Allen, DVM, MS, DACLAM – Coordinator Patrick Lester DVM, MS, DACLAM – Coordinator Michael Bradley, DVM, DACLAM Zachary Freeman DVM, PHD, DACLAM Nicole Herndon, DVM, DACLAM Tara Martin, DVM, MS Catherine Si, DVM, MS Ania Skorupski, DVM

Midwest (Minnesota) Jodi Scholz, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Nathan Koewler, DVM DACLAM - Coordinator

Midwest (Wisconsin) Andres F. Mejia, DVM, MS, DACLAM, DACVP – Coordinator Rebekah Franklin, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Bettina Gentry, DVM, PhD, DACLAM – Coordinator

Melissa Berg, DVM Jessica Cayton, DVM Katie Chamber, DVM Jennifer Coonen, DVM, DACLAM Ryan C. Curtis, DVM, MS Greg Daggett, DVM, MLAS Ryan Dashek, DVM Casey Fitz, DVM Sammy Gerb, DVM Kevin Gustafson, DVM Michelle Harke, DVM Gabi Hofmann, DVM Emily Knebel, VMD Naomi Lee, DVM, MS Brigitte Raabe, DVM, DACLAM Heather Simmons, DVM, DACVP Saverio “Buddy” Capuano, DVM, DACLAM Lauren Wierenga, DVM Sarah Young, DVM

Northeast (NY) Kathleen Ma, DVM - Coordinator Rachel Brownlee, DVM, DACLAM Amanda Carlson, DVM Christopher Cheleuitte-Nieves, PhD, DVM, DACLAM Leslie Lynn Diaz, DVM, MPH, DACLAM Catalina Echeverri, DVM Rebecca Floyd, DVM Mandy Kain, DVM, MSc Sean Kelly, VMD Kvin Lertpiriyapong, PhD, DVM, DACLAM Christine Lieggi, DVM, DACLAM Sara J. Mangosing, DVM, MSc Heather R. Martin, DVM Gerardo Mendoza, DVM Sébastien Monette, DMV, MVSc, DACVP Alessandra Piersigilli, DVM, PhD, DECVP

Pacific Northwest Nicholas Reyes, DVM, MS, DACLAM – Coordinator Jennifer Sargent, DVM, MS, DACLAM – Coordinator Jeffrey Stanton, DVM, MA, DACLAM - Coordinator Sarah Alaniz, DVM Alan Avalos, DVM Jourdan Brune, DVM Tom Chatkupt, DVM John DenHerder, DVM Daniel Eldridge, DVM Christopher Gow, DVM Tiffany Lavinder, DVM Becky Lovasz, DVM Rhonda MacAllister, DVM Leandra Mosca DVM Yogi Rajawat, DVM, PhD

Kristin Zabrecky, DVM

Southeast (GA) Sherrie Jean, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator

Southeast (NC) Victoria K. Baxter, DVM, PhD, DACLAM - Coordinator Steven Shipley, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Nicole Bacarella, MLAS, VMD Calvin Carpenter, DVM DACLAM Sheba Churchill, DVM, DACLAM Michelle Creamer-Hente, DVM, MS, DACLAM Greg Dugan, DVM Jenny Estes, DVM, MS Jeffrey Everitt, DVM, DACLAM, DACVP, FIATP Richard Fish, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Ilana Galex, DVM, MLAS Nneka George, DVM, DACLAM Virginia Godfrey, DVM, PhD, DACVP Tracy Heenan, DVM, CPIA Brendan Johnson, DVM Angela King-Herbert, DVM, DACLAM David M. Kurtz, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Chelsea D. Landon, DVM, PhD Charles Tyler Long, DVM, DACLAM, DABT, CPIA Gwendolyn McCormick, DVM, MS, DACLAM Marnie Metzler, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Erin Mitchell, DVM Stephanie Montgomery, DVM, PhD, DACVP Derek Norford, DVM, MS, PhD Tolu Olagbaju, DVM Karen Oppelt, DVM Adriel Otero Segui, DVM Nicolette Petervary, VMD, DACAW Allison R. Rogala, DVM, DACLAM Felicitas Smith, DVM, DACLAM Donna Webb-Wright, DVM Julia W. Whitaker, DVM, MS, DACLAM Chandra Williams, DVM, DACLAM Nayoung Yi, DVM, PhD Richard Young, DVM, DACLAM

West Coast (Northern California) Rhonda Oates, DVM, MPVM, DACLAM - Coordinator Stephen Felt, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Brian Zude, DVM– Coordinator Alexandra Blaney, DVM Kelsey Elizabeth Carroll, DVM Dave Chu, DVM, DACLAM Allyson Kingsley Davis, DVM Kristopher G. Galang, DVM Alexandria Hicks-Nelson, DVM, MS Zoe Hsi, DVM Kelly Jenson, DVM, DACLAM

Erin Katz, DVM Kristina Lau, DVM, MLAS Betty Ma, DVM, DACLAM Andrea D. Moffitt, DVM, MLAS Kaela Lee Navarro, DVM, MS Samantha C. Puglisi, DVM Jacob H. Theil, DVM, MPVM Amber Rae Williams, DVM Karen Nicole Woodward, DVM

West Coast (Southern California) Trinka Adamson, MS, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator James Finlay, DVM, PhD, DACLAM - Coordinator Yvonne Cornejo, DVM Leo Holguin, DVM Marissa Saenz, DVM Melanie Sailor, MLAS, DVM Rose Tu, DVM

1. Which of these lines indicates the appropriate positioning for a captive bolt or firearm used to euthanize a well-restrained hornless sheep?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

Answer: a. A References: 1) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition. pp. 55-56. Domain 2; Secondary Species – Sheep (Ovis aries)

2. An animal presents with the signs shown here. What was the likely route of transmission?

a. Aerosol b. Inoculation c. Fecal-oral d. Arthropod vector

Answer: d. Arthropod vector References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, pp. 431-432. 2) Queensberry, K and Carpenter, J. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 3rd ed. (2012) Elsevier Saunders. Chap. 18 – Dermatologic Diseases, pg. 239- 240. Domain 4; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

3. Which of these is NOT considered sensory environmental enrichment in NHPs?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

Answer: c. C References: 1) Bloomsmith MA, Brent LY, Schapiro SJ. 1991. Guidelines for developing and managing an environmental enrichment program for nonhuman primates. Lab Animal Sci 41:372-377 2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 – Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Behavioral Management, Enrichment, and Psychological Well-being of Laboratory Nonhuman Primates, p. 161. Domain 4; Primary Species – Macaque (Macaca spp.)

4. What does this image signify in a female rabbit if pathologic causes such as ectoparasites, dermatophytoses, and stereotypic behaviors have been ruled out?

a. Pregnant doe; hair loosening, nest building, parturition will occur in approximately 3- 4 days b. Non-pregnant doe; affiliative female to male conspecific behavior, receptive to breeding by male buck c. Pregnant doe; hair loosening, abortion d. Non-pregnant doe; agonistic female to male conspecific behavior, non-receptive to breeding by male buck

Answer: a. Pregnant doe; hair loosening, nest building, parturition will occur in approximately 3-4 days References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, pp. 420. 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents, 1st edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 9 – Rabbit Colony Management and Related Health Concerns, pp 229-232. Domain 3; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

5. You work in a rodent-only facility and notice the structure in this image during microscopic examination. What diagnostic test was likely performed?

a. Fecal float b. Tape test of the perineal region c. Fur pluck d. Superficial skin scrape e. Bronchoalveolar lavage

Answer: a. Fecal float References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pg. 125. 2) Baker, DG. 2007. Flynn’s Parasites of Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, USA. Chapter 11 – Parasites of Rats and Mice, p. 337-340. Domain 1; Primary species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

6. Providing animal users with training in the use these pictograms, which may be encountered in the animal facility, is responsibility of the ______.

a. Principle Investigator b. Institution c. NIOSH d. Attending Veterinarian

Answer: b. Institution References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Guide, Ch 1 Animal Care and Use Program, p.17. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Ch 2 – Laws, regulations and policies affecting the use of laboratory animals, p. 40 3) image location: https://assets.fishersci.com/TFS-Assets/CCG/product-images/F235965~ Domain 5

7. What is the vibration resonance frequency range for the animal pictured?

a. 10 to 20Hz b. 100 to 250Hz c. 19 to 27Hz d. 30 to 100Hz

Answer: d. 30 to 100Hz References: 1) Garner, Angela & Norton, John & Kinard, Will & Kissling, Grace & Reynolds, Randall. 2018. Vibration-induced Behavioral Responses and Response Threshold in Female C57BL/6 Mice. JAALAS 57(5):447-455. 2) Li, Yao & Rabey, Karyne & Schmitt, Daniel & Norton, John & Reynolds, Randall. 2015. Characteristics of Vibration that Alter Cardiovascular Parameters in Mice. JAALAS 54(4): 372-7. Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

8. What is the main contributing factor of “sore nose” in this species?

a. Increased Harderian gland secretion of porphyrin b. Infection with Staphylococcus aureus or S. xylosus c. Low humidity d. Mechanical trauma

Answer: a. Increased Harderian gland secretion of porphyrin References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 318. 2) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 4 – Gerbil, p. 206. Domain 1; Secondary Species – Gerbil (Meriones spp.)

9. This type of bedding is made from ______and inhibits the accumulation of ______, and therefore is preferred when using static microisolator caging.

a. Popcorn, carbon dioxide b. Irradiated paper chip, carbon dioxide c. Aspen wood, ammonia d. Corncob, ammonia e. Certified cotton, pheromones

Answer: d. Corncob, ammonia References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1579. 2) Koontz JM, Kumsher DM, Kelly R 3rd, Stallings JD. 2016. Effect of 2 Bedding Materials on Ammonia Levels in Individually Ventilated Cages. JAALAS 55(1):25–28. Domain 4, Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

10. What species is depicted?

a. Heterocephalus glaber b. Mus musculus musculus c. Neotoma fuscipes d. Sigmodon fuliventer e. Zygodontomys brevicauda

Answer: a. Heterocephalus glaber References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 329 2) Edrey et al. 2011. Successful aging and sustained good health in the naked mole rat: a long-lived mammalian model for biogerontology and biomedical research. ILAR Journal 52(1):41 – 53. Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents

11. What is the name of these free-living, blood-sucking mites that can invade laboratory rodent facilities if wild rats gain access nearby?

a. Demodex ratti b. Notoedres muris c. Ornithonyssus bacoti d. Polyplax spinulosa

Answer: c. Ornithonyssus bacoti References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, p. 186 2) Barthold SW, Griffey, SM and Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Ames, Iowa. Chapter 2 – Rat, pp. 153-154 Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

12. Which of these conditions is relatively common in the pictured species?

a. Elodontoma b. Supernumerary teeth c. Gingival erosions and gingivitis d. Oral Demodex e. Periodontal disease

Answer: a. Elodontoma References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 328. 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section VI – Other Rodents, Chapter – Degu, p. 1047. Domain 1; Tertiary Species – Degus (Octogon degus)

13. This organism was isolated from several members of a Danio rerio colony. What is it?

a. Piscinoodinium pillulare b. Ichthyophthirius multifilis c. Ichthyobodo necator d. Pseudocapillaria tomentosa

Answer: d. Pseudocapillaria tomentosa References: 1) Kent, Michael & Bishop-Stewart, Janell & Matthews, Jennifer & Spitsbergen. 2002. Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, a nematode pathogen, and associated neoplasms of zebrafish (Danio rerio) kept in research colonies. Comp Med. 52(4):354-8. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, p. 1051-1052. Domain 1; Primary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

14. If this animal gave birth, what is the minimum floor space recommended by the Animal Welfare Regulations?

a. 25 square inches b. 83 square inches c. 101 square inches d. 121 square inches e. 150 square inches

Answer: d. 121 square inches References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, pg. 219. 2) Animal Welfare Regulations, 9 CFR. USDA APHIS website, 2013. Part 3, Subpart B Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters, pg.140 (issue May 2019). Domain 5; Secondary species – Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

15. For what model is this species most commonly used for?

a. Stroke b. Otitis media c. Folate deficiency in pregnancy d. Tuberculosis e. Hepatitis B research

Answer: b. Otitis media References: 1) L Fox, C Mans. 2018. Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Buprenorphine in Chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). JAALAS 57(3): 286-290. 2) EA Evenson, C Mans. 2018. Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Hydromorphone in Chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). JAALAS 57(3): 282-285. Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

16. What is this organization responsible for monitoring?

a. Air transport of live animals b. International trade of endangered species c. Occupational health and safety of workers d. Use of NHP species in laboratory research

Answer: a. Air transport of live animals References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Glen OM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 40 2) Live Animals Regulations. IATA. http://www.iata.org/publications/store/Pages/live- animals-regulations.aspx Domain 5

17. In Xenopus laevis, this substance interferes with ______, resulting in general anesthesia.

a. Chloride channels b. Potassium channels c. Sodium channels d. Uptake of GABAA e. Uptake of GABAB

Answer: c. Sodium channels References: 1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Anesthesia and Restraint of Laboratory Fish, pp. 524-525. 2) Lalonde-Robert et al. 2012. Pharmacologic parameters of MS222 and physiologic changes in frogs (Xenopus laevis) after immersion at anesthetic doses. JAALAS 51(4):464-468 Domain 2; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis)

18. In the process of euthanasia by CO2, after incapacitation and prior to loss of consciousness, this species can display which behaviors as demonstrated in this photograph?

a. Loud vocalization and tail bobbing b. Open-beak breathing and head-retroflexion c. Head bobbing and hopping d. Dominance display and whole body shaking e. Soft vocalization and wing displays

Answer: b. Open-beak breathing and head-retroflexion References: 1) Scott, K. E., Bracchi, L. A., Lieberman, M. T., Hill, N. J., Caron, T. J., & Patterson, M. M. (2017). Evaluation of Best Practices for the Euthanasia of Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 56(6), 802-806. 2) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, Part II—Methods of Euthanasia M1.6 Carbon Dioxide p. 25. Domain 2; Tertiary Species – Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

19. What is the appropriate ABSL level when working with lab-adapted strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in the species on the left and in the species on the right?

a. ABSL-2; ABSL-3 b. ABSL-1; ABSL-3 c. ABSL-2; ABSL-1 d. ABSL-4; ABSL-3 e. ABSL-2; ABSL-4

Answer: a. ABSL-2; ABSL-3 References: 1) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Section VIII-E: Viral Agents, p. 216. 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section IV – Hamsters, Chapter 31 – Viral Diseases, pp. 831-832. Domain 5, Primary species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

20. This drug is categorized in which DEA schedule?

a. Schedule I b. Schedule II c. Schedule III d. Schedule IV

Answer: c. Schedule III References: 1) CFR, Title 21 – Food and Drugs, Chapter II – Drug Enforcement Administration Department of Justice, Part 1308 – Schedule of Controlled Substances, Sec. 1308.13 Schedule III (c)(7) https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=1308.13 2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Regulatory Issues, pp. 573-575 Domain 5

21. Which of the following mouse husbandry and/or housing options would be likely to decrease the lesions seen in the picture?

a. Providing at least one glass marble per mouse in the cage b. Limit access to valuable resources in the cage c. Transfer nesting material at cage change d. House adult males from different litters in the same cage starting at dark cycle

Answer: C. Transfer nesting material at cage change References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pg 68-69, 1621. Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus spp.)

22. Spores from which organism are used for the validation testing pictured?

a. Bacillus anthracis b. Bacillus subtilis c. Bacillus thuringiensis d. Syphacia spp. e. Geobacillus stearothermophilus

Answer: e. Geobacillus stearothermophilus References: 1) Devan SRK, Vasu S, Mallikarjuna Y, Ponraj R, Kamath G, Poosala S. 2018. Improvement of Vivarium Biodecontamination through Data-acquisition Systems and Automation. JAALAS 57(2):161-172. 2) Pils MC, Kränzler K, Beyer P, Heise U, Pasche B, Riedesel H. 2019. Validation of an Autoclave Procedure for Sterilization of Mouse (Mus musculus) Carcasses. JAALAS 58(1):87–91. Domain 4

23. What is the most frequent neoplasm that occurs in geriatric animals of this species?

a. Myxoid liposarcoma b. Melanoma c. Intestinal adenocarcinoma d. Hemangiosarcoma e. Ampullary carcinoma

Answer: c. Intestinal adenocarcinoma References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 897. 2) MF Lemoy M-J, Salyards GW, Keesler RI, Reader JR. Primary Myxoid Liposarcoma of the Greater Omentum in a Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta). Comp Med. 68(4):308- 313. Domain 1; Primary Species – Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)

24. Superovulation in this species is achieved using what compound?

a. pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) b. human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) c. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) d. equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) e. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer: b. human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, p. 255 Domain 3; Secondary Species – guinea pig

A. B.

25. Shown are two diagrams of biosafety cabinets you are considering for the design of a new mouse facility. Which of the following answer choices is INCORRECT regarding the biosafety cabinets pictured?

a. BSC (A) is a Class II, B2 and BSC (B) is a Class II, A1 b. BSC (A) has 100-lfpm face velocity and negative pressure plenums c. BSC (A) and (B) provide personnel, product, and environmental protection d. BSC (A) is suitable for use with small amounts of toxic chemicals and radionuclides

Answer: a. BSC (A) is a Class II, B2 and BSC (B) is a Class II, A1 References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, pp. 1576-1577. 2) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Appendix A: Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets, pp. 311, 315-316. (https://www.cdc.gov/labs/pdf/CDC-BiosafetyMicrobiologicalBiomedicalLaboratories- 2009-P.PDF) Domain 4

26. One advantage of the product shown is that ______, while a disadvantage is that ______.

a. It causes an extremely deep anesthetic plain; it stains muscle tissues b. It results in rapid induction; it causes a prolonged recovery time c. It is easily dissolved in water; the animal’s inappetence after use d. It has mild antibacterial properties; it is carcinogenic if ingested by people

Answer: b. it results in rapid induction; it causes a prolonged recovery time References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of Zebrafish. pp. 1037. Domain 2; Primary species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

27. In the US, this drug would is classified in what DEA Schedule?

a. Schedule I b. Schedule II c. Schedule III d. Schedule IV

Answer: c. Schedule III References: 1) CFR, Title 21 – Food and Drugs, Chapter II – Drug Enforcement Administration Department of Justice, Part 1308 – Schedule of Controlled Substances, Sec. 1308.13 Schedule III (c)(7) 2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Regulatory Issues, pp. 573-575 Domain 5

28. Which of the following husbandry practices for Danio rerio can mitigate the risk of infection with the organism pictured below?

a. UV sterilization of water b. Covering lights in the room with yellow tinted film c. Mesh for fish to rub against d. Addition of 0.01% sodium hypochlorite to sump tank

Answer: a. UV sterilization of water References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of Zebrafish. pp. 1051. 2) Harper, C., Lawrence, C., 2010. The Laboratory Zebrafish (Laboratory Animal Pocket Reference). CRC Press. Domain 4; Primary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

29. These animals are commonly used as animal models for ______because of similarities to humans.

a. Kidney disease b. Adrenal disease c. Gallbladder disease d. Heart disease e. Intestinal neoplasia

Answer: c. Gallbladder disease References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, pp. 293. 2) Eshar D, Gardhouse SM, Schwartz D, Beaufrere H. 2018. Reference Intervals for Plasma Biochemical Variables by Point-of-Care Testing in Captive Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). JAALAS 57(6):670-678. Domain 1; Tertiary species – Prairie dog (Cynomus ludovicianus)

30. These devices are commonly used in rodents to evaluate which of the following?

a. Anxiety b. Depression c. Cognition d. Helplessness

Answer: a. Anxiety References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 38 – Laboratory Animal Behavior. pp. 1668. 2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Volume 3 - Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models, Chapter 15 – Behavioral Testing, pp. 517. Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus spp.), Rat (Rattus spp.)

31. This image is part of an assessment scale in mice. Which of the following best describes this test’s mechanism?

a. Surface reflection of echoes produced by high-frequency sound are used to create a visual image of the tissue of interest. b. Fluorescent material is applied topically and concentration is observed under ultraviolet light to assess grooming efficiency as a proxy for pain. c. Luciferase-expressing cells are evaluated with a charge-coupled device camera to monitor cell activity. d. Radiolabeled glucose is injected into an animal and concentration within tissue is measured to assess tumor progression.

Answer: b. Fluorescent material is applied topically and concentration is observed under ultraviolet light to assess grooming efficiency as a proxy for pain. References: 1) Oliver VL, Thurston SE, Lofgren JL. 2018. Using cageside measures to evaluate analgesic efficacy in mice (Mus musculus) after surgery. JAALAS 57(2):186-201. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Techniques of Experimentation, p. 1244-1245. Domain 2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

32. What methodology is being demonstrated in the picture?

a. MicroCT-guided injection b. MRI-guided injection c. PET-guided injection d. Ultrasound-guided injection

Answer: d. Ultrasound-guided injection Reference: 1) Boettcher et al. 2019. A comprehensive protocol for laparotomy in swine to facilitate ultrasound guided injection into the fetal intraperitoneal space. Comparative Medicine 69(2):123–129 Domain 3

33. This image shows an intradermal skin test in a Yucatan pig, confirming a previously suspected allergy to an NMDA receptor antagonist dissociative agent. Which of the following agents is this animal most likely to be allergic to?

a. Ketamine b. Butorphanol c. Medetomidine d. Lidocaine

Answer: a. Ketamine References: 1) Wallace CK, Bell SE, LaTourette PC, Miedel EM, Carty AJ, Philips BH. 2019. Suspected anaphylactic reaction to ketamine in 3 Yucatan swine (Sus scrofa). Comp Med 69(5):419-424. 2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Pharmacology of Injectable Anesthetics, Sedatives, and Tranquilizers, p. 47-50 Domain 2; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa)

34. This is an example of a ______design that ______the power of an animal experiment

a. Latin square; reduces b. Latin square; increases c. Randomized block; reduces d. Randomized block; increases

Answer: d. Randomized block; increases References: 1) Bayne K, Turner PV. 2013. Laboratory Animal Welfare, Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 8 – Experimental Design, pp. 105-107. 2) Festing ML. 2014. Randomized block experimental designs can increase the power and reproducibility of laboratory animal experiments. ILAR J. 55(3): 472-476. Domain 3

35. Where will the highest numbers of nitrifying bacteria be found in the closed system depicted here?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

Answer: a. A References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp.1028-1030 2) Lawrence and Mason. 2012. Zebrafish housing systems: a review of basic operating principles and considerations for design and functionality. ILAR Journal 53(2):179-191 Domain 4

36. Where are you likely to see this symbol in a vivarium?

a. On a vial of a controlled substance b. On a protestor’s sign outside your facility c. On a bag of rodent chow d. Near a recycle sorting station e. On or near the cage was chemicals

Answer: c. On a bag of rodent chow References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1578 Domain 4

37. Up to 60% of captive members of this species develop a clinical condition that may be used as a model for what human illness?

a. Crohn’s Disease b. Idiopathic Protein losing enteropathy c. Diverticulitis d. Gastroesophageal reflux disease e. Ulcerative colitis

Answer: e. Ulcerative colitis References: 1) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Volume 2 – Diseases, Chapter 6 – Neoplasia and Proliferative Disorders of Nonhuman Primates, p. 335. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 782. Domain 1; Secondary Species – Cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus)

a. b.

c. d.

38. Which of the following is a model for muscular dystrophy caused by a mutation in the dysferlin gene?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

Answer: d. (SJL mouse) References: 1) Currer J, ed. 2009. Handbook on Genetically Standardized Mice, 6th edition. The Jackson Laboratory: Bar Harbor, ME. p. 132 2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Spontaneous Diseases in Commonly Used Mouse Strains, p.654 Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

39. This lesion in Mesocricetus auratus is associated with _____ which can be experimentally induced with subcutaneous injections of _____.

a. Amyloidosis; caerulein b. Amyloidosis; lipopolysaccharide c. Pancreatitis; caerulein d. Pancreatitis; lipopolysaccharide

Answer: b. Amyloidosis; lipopolysaccharide References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, pp. 228-229 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section IV – Hamsters, Chapter 34 - The Experimental Use of Syrian Hamsters, pp. 894-895 Domain 1; Secondary Species - Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

40. Which of the following accurately describes the findings of a recent article that compared the pathology and inflammation resulting from common blood sampling methods in mice?

a. Lateral tail incision is the preferred technique b. Retroorbital sinus puncture resulted in the most significant pathology c. No technique was superior to another d. Sublingual puncture resulted in the least inflammation

Answer: c. No technique was superior to another References: 1) Sorensen DB. 2019. Time-dependent Pathologic and Inflammatory Consequences of Various Blood Sampling Techniques in Mice. JAALAS 58:362-72. Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse

41. This is an example of ______which is used to assess ______evoked pain like behavior in rodents

a. Tail-flick; thermal b. Paw-withdrawal; mechanical c. von-Frey filament; thermal d. von-Frey filament; mechanical e. hot-plate; thermal

Answer d. von-Frey; mechanical References: 1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 23 – Pain Testing in the Laboratory Mouse. pp. 550. 2) Beninson JA, Lofgren JL, Lester PA, Hileman MM, Berkowitz DJ, Myers DD Jr. 2018. Analgesic Efficacy and Hematologic Effects of Robenacoxib in Mice. JAALAS 57(3):258-267. Domain 2; Primary Species Mouse (Mus musculus)

42. To effectively diagnose this organism in mice, which of the following sample collection methods has shown to be most effective?

a. Fur pluck on dorsum b. Tape impression from the face c. Deep skin scrape at the interscapular region d. Superficial skin scrape over the rump

Answer: c. Deep skin scrape at the interscapular region. Reference: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 12 – Biology and Diseases of Dogs, pp 528. 2) Nashat MA, Luchins KR, Lepherd ML, Riedel ER, Izdebska JN, Lipman NS. (2017). Characterization of Demodex musculi Infestation, Associated Comorbidities, and Topographic Distribution in a Mouse Strain with Defective Adaptive Immunity. Comp Med. 67(4):315–329. Domain 1: Primary species – Mouse (Mus musculus).

43. These blood smears feature two types of white blood cells from an inbred guinea pig strain. Which of the following statements best describes changes in the percentages of the white blood cells (cell type A and cell type B) as the animal ages past 400 days?

a. A increases, B increases b. A increases, B decreases c. A decreases, B increases d. A decreases, B decreases

Answer: c) A decreases, B increases Reference: 1) Genzer et al. 2019. Hematology and clinical chemistry reference intervals for inbred strain 13/N guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). JAALAS 58(3):293-303 Domain 1; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

44. Which device/equipment in this image represents the most effective and most common engineering control used as the primary means of containment for working safely with infectious microorganisms?

a. Safety centrifuge cup b. Laminar flow hood c. Chemical fume hood d. Biological safety cabinet e. Downdraft necropsy table

Answer: d. Biological safety cabinet References: 1) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th edition. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Appendix A – Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets, p. 290 2) National Research Council. 1997. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 6 – Principal Elements of an Occupational Health and Safety Program, p. 108 Domain 5

45. Which of the following best describes the use of the devices (A and B) represented in these schematic diagrams in rabbits?

a. Endotracheal intubation of rabbits can be done faster with the assistance of device A compared to device B b. Endotracheal intubation of rabbits can be done faster with the assistance of device B compared to device A c. Neither device is useful in assisting with endotracheal intubation of rabbits d. Only device B is useful in assisting with endotracheal intubation of rabbits

Answer: a. Endotracheal intubation of rabbits can be done faster with the assistance of device A compared to device B Reference: 1) Lee et al. 2019. Capnography-guided endotracheal intubation as an alternative to existing intubation methods in rabbits. JAALAS 58(2):240–245 Domain 2; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

46. This cage set up is used to determine what in mice?

a. Anxiety like behavior in mice using burying behavior as an indicator b. Depressive like behavior in mice using novel enrichment usage as an indicator c. Post-operative pain management in mice using burrowing behavior as an indicator d. Effects of enrichment on neonatal survival in mice

Answer: c. Post-operative pain management in mice using burrowing behavior as an indicator References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Prichett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Paranesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia and Euthanasia, p.1145. 2) Rocio Evangelista-Vaz, Alessandra Bergadano, Margarete Arras, and Paulin D Jirkof. Analgesic Efficacy of Subcutaneous–Oral Dosage of Tramadol after Surgery in C57BL/6J Mice. JAALAS Vol 57(4):368–375. Domain 2; Primary species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

47. In these items, what do the letters/numbers within the red outlines represent?

a. Animal identification number b. Date of birth c. The state and dealer, exhibitor, or research institution d. Pedigree lineage

Answer: c. The state and dealer or research institution References: 1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, Miscellaneous. (g) Identification of dogs and cats §2.38 (1) (i-iii) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 69) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/bluebook-ac-awa.pdf). Domain 4; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris); Secondary Species – Cat (Felis domesticus)

48. This agent may cause inapparent infections or clinical signs such as flashing, rubbing or ragged appearance in Oncorhynchus mykiss. Treatment may be performed with salt or other anthelminthics.

a. Gyrodactylid ectoparasites b. Dactylogyridiasis flukes c. Ichthyobodo necator d. Ichthyophthirius multifilis

Answer: a. Gyrodactylid ectoparasites References: 1) Garcia RL, Hansen AG, Chan MM, Sanders GE. 2014. Gyrodactylid Ectoparasites in a Population of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). JAALAS 53(1): 92-97. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Biology and Management of Laboratory Fishes, pp.1081 Domain 1; Tertiary Species – Other Fish

49. This image is demonstrating blood collection from which site?

a. Auricular vena cava b. Gingival vein c. Jugular vein d. Sublingual vein e. Cranial vena cava

Answer: b. Gingival vein References: 1) Personett AR, Santangelo KS, Kendall LV, Sadar MJ. 2019. Hematologic Parameters and Blood Cultures from the Gingival Vein Compared with the Cranial Vena Cava in Guinea Pigs. JAALAS 58(6): 817–822. Domain 3; Secondary Species - Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

50. Which organism is least likely to cause this lesion in an immunocompromised mouse?

a. Burkholderia gladioli b. Sphingomonas paucimobilis c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Pasteurella pneumotropica

Answer: b. Sphingomonas paucimobilis References: 1) Collymore C, Giuliano F, Banks EK. 2019. Head Tilt in Immunodeficient Mice Due to Contamination of Drinking Water by Burkholderia gladioli. JAALAS 58(2):246-250. 2) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pp. 60, 66, 70 Domain 1; Primary species – Mice (Mus musculus)

51. Which of the following correctly identifies and describes the type of feces produced by rabbits that is depicted in this image?

a. Hard pellets; produced in the evening by domestic rabbits b. Cecotrophs; rich in proteins and B-vitamins c. Hard pellets; comprise about two-thirds of fecal output d. Cecotrophs; have a low moisture content and consumed directly from the anus e. Cecotrophs; produced a few hours before hard feces

Answer: b. Cecotrophs; rich in proteins and B-vitamins References: 1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section II – Rabbits, Chapter 8 – Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior, p. 202. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 415. Domain 4; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

52. The organism that causes these lesions is more resistant than ____ to germicidal chemicals, but less resistant than ______.

a. Bacillus subtilis; Cryptococcus spp. b. Staphylococcus aureus; Ebola virus c. Ebola virus; Bacillus subtilis d. Cryptococcus spp.; Staphylococcus aureus

Answer: c. Ebola virus; Bacillus subtilis References: 1) Chosewood LC, Wilson DE, eds. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th edition. Washington, DC. Appendix B – Decontamination and Disinfection, p. 330 Domain 4

53. What technique is depicted in this picture?

a. Blood collection from the ocular sinus b. Blood collection from the orbital sinus c. Blood collection from the orbital plexus d. Blood collection from the ocular plexus

Answer: b. Blood collection from the orbital sinus References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Techniques of Experimentation, p. 1205 2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 3 – Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 – Biomethodology and Surgical Technique, p.455 Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

54. This diagram shows the production of ______mice.

a. Recombinant inbred b. Coisogenic c. Consomic d. Outbred

Answer: a. Recombinant inbred 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 31 – Genetic Monitoring of Laboratory Mice and Rats, p. 1411. 2) http://www.informatics.jax.org/silver/figures/figure9-4.shtml Domain 3; Primary species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

55. The two rabbits in this image are 2.8 and 3.0 kg in weight and the dimensions of the housing unit floor are 28 in (73 cm) x 21 in (53 cm). The housing configuration meets the requirements of the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act under the following conditions:

a. The 2 rabbits can be housed in a single unit b. The 2 rabbits can be housed in a single unit with the housing structure removed c. The 2 rabbits require use of two housing units d. The 2 rabbits can be housed in two housing units with the housing structure removed

Answer: c. The 2 rabbits require use of two housing units References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 59. 2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart C – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Rabbits, §3.53 Primary enclosures, (c)(1)(iii) (Edition, p. 155) Domain 5; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

56. What type of imaging modality was used to produce the depicted images?

a. MicroCT b. MicroPET c. MRI d. Optical

Answer: d. Optical Reference: 1) Balaban and Hampshire. 2001. Impact of noninvasive technology on animal research - challenges in small animal noninvasive imaging. ILAR Journal 42(3):256-259 Domain 3; Mouse (Mus musculus)

57. What is the appropriate temperature range for the animal depicted?

a. 20-32°C b. 16-27°C c. 12-20°C d. 25-33°C

Answer: b. 16-27°C References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 44 Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

58. This histological image is from an NSG mouse that received a human hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The causative agent:

a. Is transmitted only through direct contact. b. Can typically be identified on culture within 2-3 days. c. Would be expected to cause a persistent asymptomatic infection in a colony of C3H/HeJ mice. d. Would be expected to cause high morbidity and low mortality in a colony of B6.Cg- Foxn1nu/J mice. e. Can be readily cleared from a colony through the use of antimicrobial therapy.

Answer: d. Would be expected to cause high morbidity and low mortality in a colony of B6.Cg-Foxn1nu/J mice. References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 101-102 2) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pp. 68-69 Domain 1: Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

59. For which of the following diseases is the above species used as a research model?

a. Diabetes mellitus b. Smallpox c. Malaria d. Chronic colitis e. Parkinson’s disease

Answer: e. Parkinson’s disease References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 785 2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 – Nervous System Disorders of Nonhuman Primates and Research Models, p. 766 Domain 3; Secondary species – Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

60. The equipment shown in the image is used for what purpose in rats?

a. Administer cannabinoids b. Collect peritoneal cells c. Extract volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid d. Flush out embryos

Answer: b. Collect peritoneal cells References: 1) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Experimental Modelling and Research Methodology, p. 602 2) Suckow MA, Hankenson FC, Wilson RP, Foley PL, eds. 2019. The Laboratory Rat, 3rd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 19 – General Experimental Techniques, p. 785 Domain 3; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

61. An investigator brings a recently purchased cat playpen into the lab and claims that it can house 3 adult cats within. Each perch is 1.8 sq.ft and the floor is 5.5 sq.ft. You explain that it can potentially house _____ adult cats weighing under 4kg or _____ cats weighing over 4kg.

a. 4, 3 b. 3, 3 c. 3, 2 d. 4, 1 e. 2, 3

Answer: c. 3, 2 References: 1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart A—Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats, §3.6 – Primary enclosures (May 2019 Edition, p. 117) 2) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 8th edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2011. Chapter 3- Environment, Housing, and Management, pg. 59. Domain 5; Secondary Species – Cat (Felis catus)

62. According to a recent article, which of the following drugs demonstrated most the efficacious prophylaxis when mice were infected with monkey B virus by the route depicted?

a. Aciclovir b. Famciclovir c. Cidofovir d. Penciclovir

Answer: c. Cidofovir References: 1) Maxwell LK, et al. 2019. Effective prophylactic therapy for exposure to monkey B virus. Comp Med 70(1):1-11. Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

63. Which statement best explains the histologic appearance of this lesion seen during necropsy of a clinically healthy guinea pig?

a. Nutritional myopathy due to selenium/Vitamin E deficiency b. Metastatic mineralization of smooth muscle in the gut c. Hepatic lipidosis from pregnancy toxemia d. Incidental finding of rhabdomyomatosis

Answer: d. Incidental finding of rhabdomyomatosis References: 1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 5 – Guinea Pig, pp. 240-243 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, p. 275 Domain 1; Secondary Species – Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

64. It is recommended that this species, ______, be set up in ______for breeding.

a. Sigmondon hispidus; monogamous pairs b. Sigmondon hispidus; harem groups c. Zygodontomys brevicauda; monogamous pairs d. Zygodontomys brevicauda; harem groups

Answer: a. Sigmondon hispidus; monogamous pairs References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 312. Domain 4; Tertiary Species - Cotton Rat (Sigmondon hispidus)

65. Which of the following nonhuman primates has a CITES status of I?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

Answer: b. B References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 779, 786, 792 2) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2000. Appendices I and II. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Domain 5; Secondary and Tertiary Species – Cotton-top Tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), Owl Monkey (Aotus spp.), Squirrel Monkey (Sciurius spp.)

66. For what population of employees is this piece of equipment critical?

a. Employees working with non-human primates b. Pregnant or lactating employees c. Employees exposed to radiation d. Employees who are symptomatic for or at risk of developing laboratory animal allergy e. Employees with 5+ years exposure to laboratory animals

Answer: d. Employees who are symptomatic for or at risk of developing laboratory animal allergy References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 30 – Occupational Health of Laboratory Animal Workers, p. 1382-1391. 2) Grossblatt N, ed. 1997. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Allergens, p. 60-63. Domain 5

67. Acid-fast staining was performed on histopathology slides from these animals and revealed positive staining. What is the most likely organism present?

a. Mycobacterium chelonae b. Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis d. Pseudocapillaria tomentosa e. Pseudoloma neurophilia

Answer: a. Mycobacterium chelonae References: 1) DM Meritet et al. 2017. Development of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assays for Postmortem Detection of Mycobacterium spp. Common in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Research Colonies. JAALAS 56(2):131-141. 2) MJ Crim et al. 2017. Comparison of Antemortem and Environmental Samples for Zebrafish Health Monitoring and Quarantine. JAALAS 56(4):412-424. Domain 1; Primary Species – Zebarfish (Danio rerio)

68. Which of these species DOES NOT require the inclusion of dust baths as part of their husbandry?

a. Species 1 b. Species 2 c. Species 3 d. Species 4 e. Species 5

Answer: e. Species 5 (Microtus spp.) References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, pp. 300, 303-305, 323; Chapter 9 – Biology and Diseases of Chinchillas, p. 389; and Chapter 22 – Japanese Quail as A Laboratory Animal Model p. 1092 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section V – Chinchillas, Chapter 40 – Management, Husbandry, and Colony Health, pp. 968-969 and Section VI – Other Rodents, Chapter 48 – Kangaroo Rat, p. 1102 Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents and Other Birds

69. This rat is showing which clinical signs of pain?

a. Facial grimace, writhe b. Back arch, writhe c. Back arch, facial grimace d. Paw withdrawal test, writhe

Answer: b. Back arch, writhe References: 1) Turner PV, et al. 2019. A review of pain assessment methods in laboratory rodents. Comp Med 6:451-67. Domain 2

70. What does this symbol convey?

a. Fire hazard – 2, Health hazard – 0, Instability – 1, Oxidizer b. Instability – 2, Fire hazard – 0, Health hazard – 1, Oxidizer c. Health hazard – 2, Fire hazard – 0, Instability – 1, Oxidizer d. Instability – 2, Health hazard – 0, Fire hazard – 1, Oxidizer

Answer: c. Health hazard – 2, Fire hazard – 0, Instability – 1, Oxidizer Reference: 1) http://www.labchem.com/tools/msds/msds/LC15450.pdf 2) NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. (2017). National Fire Protection Association. 3) OSHA Quick Card. https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3678.pdf 4) https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/hazcom-faq.html Domain 5

71. PCR testing of the device depicted has been demonstrated to be important and effective in detecting which of the following agents?

a. Corynebacterium bovis b. Mouse thymic virus c. Murine adenovirus d. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus e. Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Answer: a. Corynebacterium bovis References: 1) Manuel, C.A., Pugazhenthi, U., Spiegel, S. P., Leszcynski. (2017) Detection and elimination of Corynebacterium bovis from barrier rooms by using an environmental sampling surveillance program. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 56(2), 202-209. 2) Fox, J. G., Anderson, L. C., Otto, G. M., Pritchett-Corning, K. R., Whary, M. T. (2015). In Laboratory Animal Medicine. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. Chapter 3 - Biology and Diseases of Mice, pg. 113, 465. Domain 4; Primary species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

72. What is the purpose of the pictured device?

a. Provide inhalational anesthesia to rabbits b. Aid in urinary catheterization of female dogs c. Aid in locating vessels for intraarterial catheterization of ferrets d. Deliver nutrients directly to the duodenum of rhesus macaques e. Deliver intravenous drugs to pigs

Answer: a. Provide inhalational anesthesia to rabbits References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 1153 Domain 2; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

73. A Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) model of polyuria/polydipsia has been developed causing the animal cages to be soiled five times as fast as normal. At what temperature and time must this apparatus be used for these animal cages to maintain an appropriate level of sanitation?

a. 180F for 1 minute b. 161F for 15 seconds c. 143F for 30 minutes d. 180F for 15 seconds e. 180F for 1 second

Answer: e. 180F for 1 second References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson CA, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, Editors. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, third edition. Academic Press, Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1559. 2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart B – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters §3.31 – Sanitation, (a)(4) (May 2019 Edition, p. 142) Domain 4; Secondary species – Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

74. This drug is a _____, and a common side effect for this class of drug is ______.

a. Dissociative agent; bradycardia, especially when administered as IV bolus b. Anticholinergic; increased myocardial contractility c. Phenothiazine derivative; cardiovascular depression by reducing cardiac oxygen demand d. α2-Agonist; cardiovascular depression due to blockage of cardiovascular conduction

Answer: d. α2-Agonist; cardiovascular depression due to blockage of cardiovascular conduction References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 1165 2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Pharmacology of Injectable Anesthetics, Sedatives, and Tranquilizers, pp. 52-53 Domain 2

75. This species has been used extensively to study ______.

a. Renal water conservation b. Cholesysts c. Paramyxovirus pathophysiology d. Dental caries e. Diabetes

Answer: a. Renal water conservation References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson, LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 300. 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, editors. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 48 – Kangaroo Rat, p. 1101 Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Kangaroo rat (Dipodomys)

76. The vector shown here is known to transmit which of the following pathogens in rhesus macaques.

a. Wucheria bancrofti b. Plasmodium simium c. Encephalitozoon cuniculi d. Trypanosoma cruzi e. Brugia malayi

Answer: d. Trypanosoma cruzi References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson, LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Non- Human Primates, p. 882 2) Dickerson MF, Astorga NG, Astorga NR, Lewis AD. 2014. Chagas disease in 2 geriatric rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) housed in the Pacific Northwest. Comp Med 64(4):323–328. Domain 1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

77. A rat presents with photophobia, excessive lacrimation, corneal ulcers, and cervical swelling. On gross necropsy you observe the findings below. What is the most likely pathogen?

a. Rotavirus b. Parvovirus c. Coronavirus d. Hantavirus

Answer: c. Coronavirus References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 177-178. 2) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 2 – Rat, pp. 125-127. Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

78. What is the most likely diagnosis in this rat?

a. Harderian gland adenoma b. Mandibular salivary gland cyst c. Streptococcal abscess d. Zymbal’s gland tumor

Answer: d. Zymbal’s gland tumor References: 1) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 2 – Rat, p. 164. 2) Suckow MA, Hankenson FC, Wilson RP, Foley PL, eds. 2019. The Laboratory Rat, 3rd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 14 – Neoplastic Disease, p. 485 Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

79. Which of the following is CORRECT regarding this species?

a. Commonly used for models to study viral hepatitis b. Animals typically weigh approximately 2.5 kg (average 2.1-2.8 kg) c. Belong to the taxonomic suborder hystrichomorpha d. They are hibernators e. Known to transmit orthopoxvirus to humans

Answer: e. Known to transmit orthopoxvirus to humans References: 1) Head et al. 2017. Techniques for Nonterminal Blood Sampling in Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). JAALAS 56(2):210-213. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 293-294. Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)

80. This agency, enforced by ______, designates animal and plant species into 3 separate appendices. Appendix I includes ______, and Appendix III includes ______.

a. FWS; species that are not currently threatened with extinction but may become so unless trade is strictly regulated; species that are most endangered b. USDA; species that are most endangered; species that any country identifies as being subject to regulation within its jurisdiction in order to prevent or restrict exploitation c. CDC: species that are most endangered; species that are not currently threatened with extinction but may become so unless trade is strictly regulated d. CDC: species that are not currently threatened with extinction but may become so unless trade is strictly regulated; species that are e. FWS; species that are most endangered; species that any country identifies as being subject to regulation within its jurisdiction in order to prevent or restrict exploitation

Answer: e. FWS; species that are most endangered; species that any country identifies as being subject to regulation within its jurisdiction in order to prevent or restrict exploitation References: 1) https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/how.php 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affect the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 39 Domain 5

81. This breed is most known for the study of ______.

a. Epiphysiodesis for correction of limb deformities in children b. Metabolic syndrome c. Myocardial infarction d. Xenotransplantation

Answer: b. Metabolic syndrome References: 1) Badin et al. 2019. Effect of age of diabetogenicity of alloxan in Ossabaw miniature swine. Comparative Medicine 69(2):114-122 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, p. 699 3) Swindle M., Smith A. 2016. Swine in the Laboratory, 3rd edition. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 18 – Ossabaw Island Miniature Swine: Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Assessment, pp. 451-457 Domain 3; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa)

82. According to the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals (2013), which of the following physical methods is considered acceptable with conditions as a one-step procedure for euthanasia of adults in the depicted species?

a. Anoxia after removal from water b. Decapitation c. Direct immersion into formaldehyde d. Maceration e. Slow chilling (2° to 4°C)

Answer: d. Maceration Reference: 1) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, pp. 69-71, 99, 102 https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/resources/euthanasia.pdf Domain 4; Primary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

83. What are the reporting requirements for occurrences of noncompliance leading to IACUC protocol suspension on NIH-funded research using this species?

a. Report to OLAW, but not USDA b. Report to USDA, but not OLAW c. Report to both OLAW and USDA d. No reporting requirements

Answer: c. Report to both OLAW and USDA References: 1) Mohan and Huneke. 2019. The role of IACUCs in responsible animal research. ILAR Journal, ilz016, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilz016 (p. 5) 2) NOT-OD-13-044: Guidance on Prompt Reporting to OLAW under the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (February 24, 2005) https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-05-034.html. 3) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.31 - Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, (d) IACUC review of activities involving animals (7) (May 2019 Edition, p.60) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_508_com p_version.pdf 4) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. 2015. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, pp. 17-18 http://grants.nih.gov/grants/OLAW/references/PHSPolicyLabAnimals.pdf Domain 5; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

84. This is a small-scale containment device used for decontaminating laboratory equipment using chlorine dioxide. What are the properties of this chemical disinfectant?

a. Microbicidal efficacy increases as ambient temperature decreases. b. Microbicidal efficacy increases with increasing relative humidity and contact time. c. Microbicidal efficacy increases with decreasing relative humidity and increasing contact time. d. Microbicidal efficacy is not dependent on ambient temperature. e. Microbicidal efficacy is not dependent on contact time.

Answer: b. Microbicidal efficacy increases with increasing relative humidity and contact time. References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1584 2) Mitchell CM, McGrath A, Beck B, Schurr MJ, Fong D, Leszcynski JK, Manual CA. 2019. Low-cost small-scale decontamination of laboratory equipment by using chlorine dioxide gas. JAALAS 58(5):569-576 Domain 4

85. The pictured skull is from a juvenile Saimiri sciureus. Which of the following nutritional diseases is the most likely cause of the depicted condition?

a. Folic acid deficiency b. Hypovitaminosis A c. Hypervitaminosis A d. Hypovitaminosis C e. Hypovitaminosis D3

Answer: d. Hypovitaminosis C References 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 889-891 2) Abee, CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 - Arthritis, Muscle, Adipose Tissue, and Bone Disease of Nonhuman Primates, pp. 660-663 Domain 1; Secondary Species – Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

86. Identify this piece of equipment used in environmental monitoring.

a. Anemometer b. Balometer c. Hygrometer d. Multigas analyzer e. Venturi valve

Answer: b. Balometer Reference: 1) Hessler JR, Lehner NDM, eds. 2009. Planning and Designing Research Animal Facilities. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 34 – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC): Special Considerations, pp. 462-463. Domain 4

87. According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, what is the recommended minimum floor space requirement for this species if housed in pairs or groups?

a. 0.25 ft2/animal b. 0.5 ft2/animal c. 0.8 ft2/animal d. 1.0 ft2/animal e. 2.0 ft2/animal

Answer: c. 0.8 ft2/animal References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 60. 2) Hibl et al. 2019. Poxvirus infection in a colony of laboratory pigeons. Comparative Medicine 69(3):179-183 Domain 5; Tertiary Species – Pigeon (Columba livia)

88. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this animal identification tag for sheep and goats?

a. This tag is a flock identifier as part of a national eradication program for a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that occurs in sheep and goats within the United States. b. This tag is a flock identifier as part of a national eradication program for a retrovirus that occurs in sheep and goats within the United States. c. This tag denotes that an individual sheep or goat has been tested and determined to be free from contagious ecthyma. d. This tag denotes that an individual sheep or goat has been vaccinated against rabies virus. e. This tag denotes that an individual sheep or goat is slated for slaughter only and cannot be sold or bred.

Answer: a. This tag is a flock identifier as part of a national eradication program for a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that occurs in sheep and goats within the United States. References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 – Biology and Diseases of Ruminants (Sheep, Goats, and Cattle), pp. 666-667 2) USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. APHIS 91-55-079. 2019. National Scrapie Eradication Program. (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/scrapie/downloads/nsep- program-standards-final-rule.pdf) Domain 4; Secondary Species – Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goat (Capra hircus)

89. The arrows in the diagram above depict movement patterns of a handler relative to a group of cattle positioned in a chute. Which of the labeled arrows demonstrates the path a handler should take to move animals forward along the chute?

a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

Answer: b. B References: 1) Federation of Animal Science Societies, Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. Chapter 5 – Animal Handling and Transport (3rd Edition, p. 46-47) (https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/default-document- library/ag_guide_3rded.pdf?sfvrsn=4) 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 – Biology and Diseases of Ruminants (Sheep, Goats, and Cattle), pp. 636 Domain 5; Tertiary Species – Cattle (Bos taurus)

90. Which of the following is a way to prevent this management-related disease that has resulted in the lesions shown: eye irritation and skin sloughing?

a. Reduce housing density b. Sodium thiosulfate c. Zeolites d. Calcium carbonate e. Sodium bicarbonate

Answer: b. Sodium thiosulfate (Chlorine/Chloramine Toxicity) References: 1) The Laboratory Xenopus, 1st Ed., CRC press, 2009. Chapter 4, Veterinary Care, Chlorine/Chloramine Toxicities, pp 98-100. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 935. Domain 4; Secondary Species – African clawed frog (Xenopus spp.)

91. Your facility ran out of clean hamster cages today, so the husbandry technicians placed the hamsters in the cage pictured here. The technicians were mindful of floor space and height requirements. But what is one possible husbandry concern in this situation?

a. The hamster will not drink from the lixit because they would only drink from water bowls b. The hamsters will be stressed by the see-through cages because hamster are usually kept in opaque cages. c. The hamsters most likely will not be able to eat if the food is kept in the food hopper because the slots are probably too narrow for the hamsters. d. Hamsters will easily be able to bite through the wirebar lid due to hardened teeth and escape from cage.

Answer c. The hamsters most likely will not be able to eat if the food is kept in the food hopper because the slots are probably too narrow for the hamsters. References 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, p. 216 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, editors. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 28 – Management, Husbandry, and Colony Health, p. 767-768. Domain 4; Secondary species – Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

92. During a rat necropsy, you find dilated terminal small intestine, necrotizing and hemorrhagic ileitis, and multifocal pale foci of necrosis in the liver as pictured here. What is the most likely etiologic agent?

a. Campylobacter jujeni b. Clostridium piliforme c. Lawsonia intracelluaris d. Salmonella enteritidis

Answer: b. Clostridium piliforme References: 1) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, IA. Chapter 2 – Rat, pp. 138-140 2) Suckow MA, Hankenson FC, Wilson RP, Foley PL, eds. 2019. The Laboratory Rat, 3rd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 12 – Bacterial, Mycoplasmal and Mycotic Infections, pp. 475-480, 485-489 3) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 168-170 Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

93. Name the condition seen in the depicted eye from a rabbit.

a. Bupthalmia b. Cataract c. Cornel dystrophy d. Lipid keratopathy e. Pseudopterygium

Answer: d. Lipid keratopathy Reference: 1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section II - Rabbits, Chapter 17 - Mycoses and Non Infectious Diseases, pp. 505-509 Domain 1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

94. Animals of this species live in social groups that typically consist of ______with multiple ______.

a. Related males, unrelated females b. Related females, unrelated males c. A breeding pair, sets of offspring d. A breeding pair, siblings e. An alpha male, unrelated females and offspring

Answer: c. A breeding pair, sets of offspring References: 1) Robert Marini, Lynn Wachtman, Suzette Tardif, Keith Mansfield, James Fox, eds. 2019. The Common Marmoset in Captivity and Biomedical Research. 1st edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 - Marmoset Nutrition and Dietary Husbandry, p. 65. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17- Nonhuman Primates, pp. 778, 780, 781. Domain 4; Secondary Species – Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

95. Identify this parasite found in a smear from the crop of a bird.

a. Cochlostoma anatis b. Giardia psittaci c. Hexamitis meleagridis d. Trichomonas gallinae e. Trypanosoma avium

Answer: d. Trichomonas gallinae References: 1) Baker DG, ed. 2007. Flynn’s Parasites of Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, USA. Chapter 10 – Parasites of Birds, pp. 219-221, 223-224. 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 23 – Zebra Finches in Biomedical Research, pp. 1126-1127. Domain 1; Tertiary Species – Other Birds

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96. Young adult Syrian hamsters were obtained from an academic colony to use in an infectious disease study. Before they could be used, some animals began to display weight loss, swollen abdomen with palpable mass, and facial alopecia. What is the most likely cause of the lesions displayed in these hamsters?

a. Demodex aurati and Yersinia pestis b. Hamster polyomavirus c. Hamster parvovirus and Corynebacterium kutscheri d. Cricetid herpesvirus 1 e. Lawsonia intracellularis and Leishmania donovani

Answer: b. Hamster polyomavirus References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, p. 225-226 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section IV – Hamsters, Chapter 31 – Viral Diseases, pp. 822-825 Domain 1; Secondary Species – Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

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97. Which of the following clinical chemistry parameters is most likely an associated finding with the condition pictured in this rat?

a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypercalcemia c. Elevated testosterone d. Hypoalbuminemia e. Elevated prolactin

Answer: e. Elevated prolactin References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 156, 192 2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Academic Press/Elsevier: Burlington, MA. Chapter 14 – Neoplastic Disease, pp. 493-494 Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

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98. What is the pictured material use for?

a. Absorbent for environmental chemical spills b. Environment enrichment for rats c. Medicated food for zebrafish d. Synthetic bedding substrate for mice

Answer: d. Synthetic bedding substrate for mice Reference: 1) Bellin et al. 2019. Evaluation of a synthetic bedding substrate for mice (Mus musculus) JAALAS 58(2):154–159 Domain 4

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99. Which of the following would be an appropriate method of euthanasia for these animals?

a. Carbon dioxide 100% for 10 minutes b. Isoflurane 5% for 10 minutes c. Placement on ice (no direct contact with ice) for 20 minutes d. Isoflurane 5% for 2-5 minutes (until unconscious) followed by decapitation

Answer d. Isoflurane 5% for 2-5 minutes (until unconscious) followed by decapitation References: 1) Seymour, T. L., & Nagamine, C. M. 2016. Evaluation of Isoflurane Overdose for Euthanasia of Neonatal Mice. JAALAS 55(3):321–323. 2) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, pp. 33, 71,73, 48-50. Domain 2; Primary Species- Mouse (Mus musculus)

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100. You notice the following lesion in an H&E section of the gastrointestinal tract of a zebrafish. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

a. Infection with Pseudoloma neurophilia b. Infection with Capillaria aerophila c. Gas bubble disease d. Infection with Pseudocapillaria tomentosa e. Ingestion of Artemia

Answer: d. Infection with Pseudocapillaria tomentosa References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, p. 1052. 2) Harper C, Lawrence C. 2011. The Laboratory Zebrafish. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 5 – Veterinary Care, pp. 153-156. 3) Murray KN, Peterson TS. 2015. Pathology in practice. P tomentosa infection in zebrafish. JAVMA 246(2):201–203. Domain 1; Primary Species- Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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101. What anatomic landmark used in rat stereotaxic surgery is indicated by the red circle?

a. Bregma b. Intersection of sagittal and lambdoidal sutures c. Lambda d. Midpoint of interaural line

Answer: a. Bregma References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Techniques of Experimentation, p. 1238 2) Gardiner and Toth. 1999. Stereotactic surgery and long-term maintenance of cranial implants in research animals. JAALAS 38(1):56-63 Domain 3; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

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A C

B D

102. Which of the following is NOT commonly found in a macaque bite wound exposure kit?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

Answer: d. D References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Principles of Colony Management, p. 829. 2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biosafety in laboratories using NHP, pp. 463. Domain 5; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

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103. The depicted histologic lesions were found at necropsy in tissues from a rabbit exhibiting torticollis, tremors and paresis. Name the etiologic agent.

a. Baylisascaris procyoni b. E. coli c. Encephalocytozoon cuniculi d. Vitamin A deficiency e. Vitamin A toxicity

Answer: c. Encephalocytozoon cuniculi References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Biology and Disease of Rabbits, pp. 427-428, 439, 446 2) http://dora.missouri.edu/rabbits/encephalitozoonosis/, Diseases of Research Animals – DORA, University of Missouri - Comparative Medicine Program and IDEXX- BioResearch 3) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section II – Rabbits, Chapter 15 – Parasitic Diseases, pp. 424-426 Domain 1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

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104. In contrast to macaques, the pictured species has a requirement for which vitamin?

a. Vitamin D1 (Lumisterol) b. Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) c. Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) d. Vitamin D4 (22-dihydroergocalciferol) e. Vitamin D5 (Sitocalciferol)

Answer: c. Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 796. 2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Husbandry Principles for Captive Nonhuman Primates, p. 279. Domain 4; Secondary Species – Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

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105. If the pictured species is transported across state borders, a USDA form _____ completed by a licensed veterinarian no more than _____ days prior to delivery must accompany the animal(s).

a. 7001; 5 b. 7001; 10 c. 7001; 31 d. 7023; 5 e. 7023; 10

Answer: b. 7001; 10 References: 1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart G – Records – §2.78 – Health certification and identification. (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2013-title9-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title9-vol1- chapI-subchapA.pdf) Domain 4; Primary species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

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106. This gross necropsy photo is from a chinchilla that died with presenting signs of anorexia, abdominal pain and discomfort, diarrhea, and rectal prolapse. What is the species name of the most likely etiologic agent?

a. Campylobacter b. Helicobacter c. Klebsiella d. Listeria

Answer: d. Listeria References: 1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents, 1st ed. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Part V- Chinchilla, Chapter 42 – Diseases and Veterinary Care, pp. 994-995, 997 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Chinchilla pp. 394-396 Domain 1; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents

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107. This instrument can be used to measure ______levels before cage change, but this would not be a concern for gnotobiotic mice that are without ______.

a. CH4; methane-producing bacteria b. NH3; methane-producing bacteria c. CH4; urease-producing bacteria d. NH3; urease-producing bacteria

Answer: d. NH3; urease-producing bacteria References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1569 2) Taylor JL, Noel P, and Mickelsen M. 2019. Evaluation of a 16-week change cycle for ventilated mouse cages. JAALAS 58(4): 443-449. Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

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108. According to the AVMA 2013 Guidelines on Euthanasia, when might this agent be used in euthanizing a rat?

a. Routinely by trained personnel b. Only in neonates c. When it is not the sole method d. As the sole method e. Prior to use of inhaled gases

Answer: c. When it is not the sole method References: 1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 4 – Veterinary Care, p. 123. 2) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, p 49. Domain 5; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

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109. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, a nonhuman primate to be placed in the pictured device for more than 12 hours must be provided the opportunity daily for unrestrained activity for how long during the period of restraint?

a. At least 15 continuous minutes b. At least 30 continuous minutes c. At least 1 continuous hour d. At least 2 continuous hours e. At least 1 hour total per day

Answer: c. At least 1 continuous hour References: 1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart D – Specification for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Nonhuman Primates §3.81 - Environment Enhancement to promote psychological well-being (d) Restraint devices (May 2019 Edition, p. 176) 2) Environmental Enrichment For Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide: U.S. Laws, Regulations and Guidelines for Environmental Enhancement of Nonhuman Primates. Domain 5

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110. A technician in your facility graduated with a BS in Biology 3 years ago and has been working on the animal care team now for 3 months. How much longer will this person need to work in this position to be eligible for the lowest level technician certification exam offered through the organization whose logo is below?

a. The technician can take the exam now b. 3 months c. 6 months d. 9 months

Answer: b. 3 months References: 1) https://www.aalas.org/certification/technician-certification Domain 6

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111. What are the characteristics of the etiologic agent most likely responsible for the condition pictured?

a. Single-stranded DNA virus b. Gram-positive cocci c. Gram-negative rod d. Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus e. Double-stranded DNA virus

Answer: c. Gram-negative rod References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 949 2) Green, SL. 2010. The Laboratory Xenopus sp, 1st edition. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 4 – Veterinary Care, pp. 74-75 Domain 1; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis)

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112. What vessel is being sampled in the depicted approach, and damage to what anatomical structure can be avoided by approaching from the right side?

a. Cranial vena cava; carotid artery b. Cranial vena cava; recurrent laryngeal nerve c. External jugular vein; thymic artery d. Internal jugular vein; carotid artery e. Internal jugular vein; recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer: b. Cranial vena cava; recurrent laryngeal nerve References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, p. 697 2) Swindle MM, Smith AC, 2016. Swine in the Laboratory: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and Experimental Techniques, 3rd edition, CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 1 – Biology, Handling, Husbandry, and Anatomy, p. 28 Domain 3; Primary Species - Pig (Sus scrofa)

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113. The depicted medication would not be an ideal choice to prevent bradycardia in which of the following species?

a. Mus musculus b. Cavia porcellus c. Chinchilla chinchilla d. Oryctolagus cuniculus e. Mustela putorius furo

Answer: d. Oryctolagus cuniculus References 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Preanesthesia, Aneshesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 1150. 2) Flecknell P. 2015. Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia. 4th edition. Academic press. Waltham MA. Chapter 5 – Anaesthesia of Common Laboratory Species: Special Considerations, p. 220. Domain 2; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

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114. According to recent literature, in which type of social housing situation is this item least likely to result in measurable improvement of animal welfare indicators?

a. Single housing b. Pair housing c. Breeding tanks d. Group housing

Answer: d. Group housing References: 1) Wafer LN, Behrana Jensen V, Whitney JC, Gomez TH, Flores R, Goodwin BS. 2016. Effects of Environmental Enrichment on the Fertility and Fecundity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). JAALAS 55(3):291-294. (also image reference) 2) Collymore C, Tolwani RJ, Rasmussen S. 2015. The Behavioral Effects of Single Housing and Environmental Enrichment on Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio). JAALAS (54)3:280- 285. 3) Keck VA, Edgerton DS, Hajizadeh S, Swift LL, Dupont WD, Lawrence C, Boyd KL. 2015. Effects of Habitat Complexity on Pair-Housed Zebrafish. JAALAS 54(4): 378-383. Domain 4; Primary species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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115. This is a graph from the PEW research foundation after a 2014 survey on American opinions regarding the use of animals in research. The logo pictured belongs to one of the listed organizations that have been publicly discouraging the use of animals in research. Which organization is it?

a. Humane Society International (HSI) b. Americans for Medical Progress (AMP) c. National Association for Biomedical Research (NABR) d. American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)

Answer: a. Humane Society International References: 1) Chapter 7: “Opinion About the Use of Animals in Research”. 2015. Pew Research Center https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2015/07/01/chapter-7-opinion-about-the-use-of- animals-in-research/ 2) “Be Cruelty-Free Campaign” https://www.hsi.org/issues/be-cruelty-free/ 3) image: https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/912768514343174146/hrDKJ6gm_400x400.jpg Domain 6 - Education (no species)

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116. An adult Hartley guinea pig was found dead in its cage one week after undergoing an experimental vascular surgery. What was the most likely cause of this animal’s death?

a. Bacterial enteritis due to Clostridium piliforme b. Septicemia and enteritis due to Escherichia coli c. Stress-induced dysbiosis, Clostridium difficile enteritis, and enterotoxemia d. Bacterial septicemia due to Streptococcus equi var. zooepidemicus

Answer: c. Stress-induced dysbiosis, Clostridium difficile enteritis, and enterotoxemia References: 1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 5 – Guinea Pig, pp. 224-225 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section III – Guinea Pigs, Chapter 23 – Infectious Diseases, pp. 645-646 Domain 1; Secondary Species – Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

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117. Which of the following species should be housed in the depicted configuration to encourage caching and nesting behaviors performed as in the wild?

a. Geomys spp. b. Meriones unguiculatus c. Peromyscus spp. d. Spermophilus spp.

Answer: a. Geomys spp. References: 1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section VI – Other Rodents, Chapter 46 – Deer Mice, White-Footed Mice, and Their Relatives, pp. 1080-1081;Chapter 50 – Pocket Gopher, p. 1117; and Chapter 52 – Gerbils, p. 1138 2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Other Rodents, pp. 291, 298-299, 307-308, 317-318 Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents

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118. The morphological appearance in the rat lung as seen in the image above is consistent with which of the following:

a. Bronchiectatic abscesses associated with Mycoplasma pulmonis b. Dilated, mucus-filled airways associated with CAR bacillus c. Focal alveolitis associated with rat coronavirus d. Bronchiectatic abscesses associated with Corynebacterium kutscheri

Answer: a. Bronchiectatic abscesses associated with Mycoplasma pulmonis References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp.174-175. 2) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 2 – Rat, pp. 134-136. Domain 1; Primary species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

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119. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which of the following husbandry practices is appropriate for the depicted animal?

a. A female with her litter should be provided at least 121 in2 of floor space b. Interior height of primary enclosure shall be at least 7 inches c. May be fed pelleted feed on the floor of primary enclosure d. Primary enclosures shall be cleaned and sanitized often enough to prevent an accumulation of excreta or debris, with minimum frequency at least once a week

Answer: c. May be fed pelleted feed on the floor of primary enclosure References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, p. 216 2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section IV – Hamsters, Chapter 28 – Management, Husbandry, and Colony Health, pp. 765-766, 768 and Chapter 37 – Other Hamsters, pp. 936-937. 3) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart B – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters, §3.28 Primary enclosures (c) (2) (ii-iv) (January 2017 Edition, p. 140), §3.29 Feeding (d) (January 2017 Edition, p. 141), §3.31 Sanitation (a) Cleaning and sanitation of primary enclosures (1) (January 2017 Edition, p. 142) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_ 2017_508comp.pdf) Domain 5; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents

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120. This stain pictured below can be used to confirm and differentiate liposarcomas from other soft tissue sarcomas because it characteristically stains lipids red.

a. Congo red b. Methenamine silver stain c. Trichrome d. Oil red e. Hematoxylin and eosin

Answer d. oil red References: 1) MF Lemoy M-J, Salyards GW, Keesler RI, Reader JR. Primary Myxoid Liposarcoma of the Greater Omentum in a Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta). Comp Med. 68(4):308- 313. 2) Wagner JD, Cann JA, Zhang L, Harwood Jr HJ, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Volume 2: Diseases Chapter 14 – Diabetes and Obesity Research. pp. 718. Domain 3

END OF EXAM

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