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The Romantic Elements in W. B. Yeats's Poetry

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The Romantic Elements in W. B. Yeats's Poetry IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 23, Issue 1, Ver. 10 (January. 2018) PP 60-66 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org (The Romantic Elements in W. B. Yeats's poetry) Mushtaq Ahmed KadhimAldewan (Department of Science, College of Basic Education / University of Sumer , Country :Iraq ) Corresponding author: Mushtaq Ahmed KadhimAldewan Abstract: This Research primarily focuses on the Romantic Elements for Modernist poet and critic William Butler Yeats‘s poems in order to demonstrate Romanticism‘s contribution to the so called modernist movement in terms of idealism. It begins with a demonstration of Yeats as a representative of Romanticism and the explanation of the crucial Romantic traits. The Romantic features concentrates imagination, emotion, nature and beauty. Then it continues with a revelation of as a Modernist poet who has romantic roots and When we a romantic and modernist . further, it maintains Yeats as a Romantic Modernist as an example to Yeats‘s shinning star among romantic poets. Finally. They have a number of similarities that constitute their basic principles. This research aims to depict that the artists are influenced by the social, political, cultural and economic developments that occur in their time and shape their artistic visions according to their thoughts about the crisis. William Butler Yeats reflects his reaction to his current social problems by protesting the established order and mostly create substitutes for reality which are idealized human beings in order to avoid the effect of time and mortal limitations. In addition to this, he tries to reflect an romantic world to be more active and creative soul, which he cannot achieve to have in the material realm. Therefore, he depicts this ideal world in a transcendental level. While idealizing human beings the artists demonstrate a human paradox which indicates the thirst to live forever. At the end it displays a picture that the human beings are transient however, immortality can be achieved through creating a work of art and will be remembered forever. Key Words: Imagination, Romanticism ,Childhood, Beauty ,and Nature ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 15-01-2018 Date of acceptance: 03-02-2018 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I. INTRODUCTION William Butler Yeats, is one of the best Poets that Ireland has yet delivered. He is a troublesome character to bind. His verse is lovely, yet frequently garbled. He had elevated thoughts while in the meantime being somewhat unashamedly elitist in his political perspectives. He bolstered Irish craftsmanship and culture while he was not precisely himself. He is considered as the last sentimental and furthermore maybe the primary innovator. He was an unpredictable man whose claim uniqueness is unquestionably reflected in his works(Tran,2005:1).William Butler Yeats was conceived in Dublin in 1865, the firstborn of John Butler Yeats and Susan Mary Yeats. In 1877 W.B. entered Godolphin school, which he went to for a long time, after which he proceeded with his training at Erasm Smith High School , in Dublin(Wikinfo,2004:1). Yeats' family moved to London in 1874 yet he invested a decent arrangement of energy with his grandparents in Sligo that is the reason he was influenced with the Irish Countryside. For a period (1884-1886), he joined the Metropolitan School of Art. Yeats' first distributed ballads that showed up in The Dublin University Review in 1885(Coles,1980:2). He retold entire folktales in epic poems and plays, such as The Wanderings of Oisin (1889) and The Death of Cuchulain (1939), and used fragments of stories in shorter poems, such as "The Stolen Child" (1886), which retells a parable of fairies luring a child away from his home, and "cuchulain's Fight with the Sea" (1925), which recounts part of an epic where the Irish folk hero Cuchulain battles his long-lost son by at the edge of the sea.(William, 2009:87) Other poems deal with subjects images, and themes culled from folklore. In "Who Goes with Fergus?" (1893) Yeats imagines a meeting with the exiled wandering king of Irish legend, while The Song of wandering Aengus" (1899) captures the experiences of the lovelorn god Aengus as he searches for the beautiful maiden seen in his dreams. Most important, Yeats infused his poetry with a rich sense of Irish culture. Even poems that do not deal explicitly with subjects from myth retain powerful tinges of indigenous Irish culture. Yeats often borrowed word selection, verse form, and patterns of imagery directly from traditional Irish myth and folklore.(Cleanth and Robert, 1976:72) In 1889, Yeats met Maud Gonne, a lovely performer who was starting to commit herself to the Irish patriot development. It is the considerable sentimental love of his life. Yeats gave himself to charming Maud Gonne and committed a lot of his verse to lauding her. He built up a fanatical fixation on Gonne, and she was to DOI: 10.9790/0837-2301106066 www.iosrjournals.org 60 | Page (The Romantic Elements in W. B. Yeats's poetry) significantly affect his verse and his life ever after. Yeats proposed to Maud, however was rejected in light of the fact that she felt that Yeats was marvelous and hopeful. Yeats proposed to Maud again in 1899 and was again rejected and he proposed to her again in 1900 and in 1901.Maud Gonne wedded Irish patriot John MacBride in 1903(Wikinfo,2004:1). Yeats's participation in the Irish political system had origins in his interest in Irish myth and folklore Irish myth and folklore had been suppressed by church doctrine and British control of the school system. Yeats used his poetry as a tool for re- educating the Irish population about their heritage and as a strategy for developing Irish nationalism(Wikipedia 2012 http//www.Yeats's Poetry: Themes, motifs and symbols). II.ROMANTICISIM THOUGHT IN LITERATURE RVEIW Yeats started his long literary career as a romantic poet and gradually evolved into a modernist poet. When he began publishing poetry in the 1880s, his poems had a lyrical, romantic style, and they focused on love, longing and loss, and Irish myths His early writing follows the conventions of romantic verse, utilizing familiar rhyme schemes, metric patterns, and poetic structures. Although it is lighter than his later his early poetry is sophisticated accomplished. (Elizabeth,1984:56) the sentimental soul " lifts up the opportunity of the individual virtuoso; that it judges a work totally as it succeeds or flops in giving satisfactory expression to the craftsman's 'vision'; that the maker is allowed to extend all circumstances and climes, to investigate to the most extreme the entire circuit of human creative ability; that this work, in outcome, ends up plainly subjective, close, melodious, shaped by the craftsman's emotions, instead of by any thought of his group of onlookers; that such work has the appeal of abnormality, remoteness, or secret . Yeats's philosophy is often expressed through a carefully romantic system of symbols some purely private, others drawn from his study of philosophy or his reading in the works of earlier symbolical poets particularly Blake and Shelley. Yeats's use of the same symbol may represent a variety of things, thus the Tower may represent an intellectual refuge or the soul's yearning for the world of the spirit (Hone, 1962:83).Leda and the Swan" subtly include the idea of Irish nationalism. (Jeffares, 1968:49) In these poems a sense of cultural crisis and conflict seeps through, even though the poems are not explicitly about Ireland. By using images of chaos, disorder, and war, Yeats engaged in an understated commentary on the political situations in Ireland and abroad. Yeats's active participation in Irish politics informed his poetry, and he used his work to further comment on the nationalist issues of his day. (Lall, 2009:114)Since the artist makes his gem suddenly, he ends up plainly subjective and this adds not just weirdness to the magnificence of the lyric and in addition remoteness and riddle to it, yet this subjectivity likewise shows the artists' uniqueness. Since the individual mirrors his own creative energy and motivation to the work that he made turns into the agent of his identity. E. E. Cummings asserts that "So far as I am concerned, verse and each other workmanship was, is, and everlastingly will be entirely and unmistakably an issue of singularity"((Dendinger, 351).Several factors contributed to his poetic evolution: his interest in mysticism and the occult led him to explore spiritually and philosophically complex subjects (Albert, 2010:163) Yeats's frustrated romantic relationship with Maud Gonne caused the starry-eyed romantic idealism of his early work to become more knowing and cynical. Additionally, his concern with Irish subjects evolved as he became more closely connected to nationalist political causes. As a result, Yeats shifted his focus from myth and folklore to contemporary politics, often linking the two to make potent statements that reflected political agitation and turbulence in Ireland and abroad. (Lall,2009: 106) III: BEAUTY FEATURE IN ITS ATTRACTIVENESS The oddness of magnificence draws in the consideration of the pursuer and leads them to see the components of the sentimental soul. Westland expounds on Pater in his book "The Teach Yourself History of English Literature: The Romantic Revival 1780-1830" too by expressing that Pater partitions the sentimental soul into two components. One of them is "interest" which constitutes the "educated person" component of the Romanticism and the other is 'the affection for magnificence' which sets up the "enthusiastic" (Westland, 10).The artist used to uncover the concealed riddles under the subject that he is expounding on. Yeats's connection with the changing face of literary culture in the early twentieth century led him to pick up some of the styles and conventions of the modernist poets.
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