Cerrophidion
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Modeling and Partitioning the Nucleotide Evolutionary Process for Phylogenetic and Comparative Genomic Inference
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2007 Modeling And Partitioning The Nucleotide Evolutionary Process For Phylogenetic And Comparative Genomic Inference Todd Castoe University of Central Florida Part of the Biology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Castoe, Todd, "Modeling And Partitioning The Nucleotide Evolutionary Process For Phylogenetic And Comparative Genomic Inference" (2007). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 3111. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/3111 MODELING AND PARTITIONING THE NUCLEOTIDE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS FOR PHYLOGENETIC AND COMPARATIVE GENOMIC INFERENCE by TODD A. CASTOE B.S. SUNY – College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1999 M.S. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2001 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomolecular Sciences in the Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2007 Major Professor: Christopher L. Parkinson © 2007 Todd A. Castoe ii ABSTRACT The transformation of genomic data into functionally relevant information about the composition of biological systems hinges critically on the field of computational genome biology, at the core of which lies comparative genomics. The aim of comparative genomics is to extract meaningful functional information from the differences and similarities observed across genomes of different organisms. -
Xenosaurus Tzacualtipantecus. the Zacualtipán Knob-Scaled Lizard Is Endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of Eastern Mexico
Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus. The Zacualtipán knob-scaled lizard is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico. This medium-large lizard (female holotype measures 188 mm in total length) is known only from the vicinity of the type locality in eastern Hidalgo, at an elevation of 1,900 m in pine-oak forest, and a nearby locality at 2,000 m in northern Veracruz (Woolrich- Piña and Smith 2012). Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus is thought to belong to the northern clade of the genus, which also contains X. newmanorum and X. platyceps (Bhullar 2011). As with its congeners, X. tzacualtipantecus is an inhabitant of crevices in limestone rocks. This species consumes beetles and lepidopteran larvae and gives birth to living young. The habitat of this lizard in the vicinity of the type locality is being deforested, and people in nearby towns have created an open garbage dump in this area. We determined its EVS as 17, in the middle of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), and its status by the IUCN and SEMAR- NAT presently are undetermined. This newly described endemic species is one of nine known species in the monogeneric family Xenosauridae, which is endemic to northern Mesoamerica (Mexico from Tamaulipas to Chiapas and into the montane portions of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala). All but one of these nine species is endemic to Mexico. Photo by Christian Berriozabal-Islas. amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 01 June 2013 | Volume 7 | Number 1 | e61 Copyright: © 2013 Wilson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted use for non-com- Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7(1): 1–47. -
Multi-National Conservation of Alligator Lizards
MULTI-NATIONAL CONSERVATION OF ALLIGATOR LIZARDS: APPLIED SOCIOECOLOGICAL LESSONS FROM A FLAGSHIP GROUP by ADAM G. CLAUSE (Under the Direction of John Maerz) ABSTRACT The Anthropocene is defined by unprecedented human influence on the biosphere. Integrative conservation recognizes this inextricable coupling of human and natural systems, and mobilizes multiple epistemologies to seek equitable, enduring solutions to complex socioecological issues. Although a central motivation of global conservation practice is to protect at-risk species, such organisms may be the subject of competing social perspectives that can impede robust interventions. Furthermore, imperiled species are often chronically understudied, which prevents the immediate application of data-driven quantitative modeling approaches in conservation decision making. Instead, real-world management goals are regularly prioritized on the basis of expert opinion. Here, I explore how an organismal natural history perspective, when grounded in a critique of established human judgements, can help resolve socioecological conflicts and contextualize perceived threats related to threatened species conservation and policy development. To achieve this, I leverage a multi-national system anchored by a diverse, enigmatic, and often endangered New World clade: alligator lizards. Using a threat analysis and status assessment, I show that one recent petition to list a California alligator lizard, Elgaria panamintina, under the US Endangered Species Act often contradicts the best available science. -
Final Report for the University of Nottingham / Operation Wallacea Forest Projects, Honduras 2004
FINAL REPORT for the University of Nottingham / Operation Wallacea forest projects, Honduras 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS FINAL REPORT FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM / OPERATION WALLACEA FOREST PROJECTS, HONDURAS 2004 .....................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................................3 List of the projects undertaken in 2004, with scientists’ names .........................................................................4 Forest structure and composition ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Bat diversity and abundance ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Bird diversity, abundance and ecology ............................................................................................................................ 4 Herpetofaunal diversity, abundance and ecology............................................................................................................. 4 Invertebrate diversity, abundance and ecology ................................................................................................................ 4 Primate behaviour........................................................................................................................................................... -
Xenosaurus Tzacualtipantecus. the Zacualtipán Knob-Scaled Lizard Is Endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of Eastern Mexico
Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus. The Zacualtipán knob-scaled lizard is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico. This medium-large lizard (female holotype measures 188 mm in total length) is known only from the vicinity of the type locality in eastern Hidalgo, at an elevation of 1,900 m in pine-oak forest, and a nearby locality at 2,000 m in northern Veracruz (Woolrich- Piña and Smith 2012). Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus is thought to belong to the northern clade of the genus, which also contains X. newmanorum and X. platyceps (Bhullar 2011). As with its congeners, X. tzacualtipantecus is an inhabitant of crevices in limestone rocks. This species consumes beetles and lepidopteran larvae and gives birth to living young. The habitat of this lizard in the vicinity of the type locality is being deforested, and people in nearby towns have created an open garbage dump in this area. We determined its EVS as 17, in the middle of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), and its status by the IUCN and SEMAR- NAT presently are undetermined. This newly described endemic species is one of nine known species in the monogeneric family Xenosauridae, which is endemic to northern Mesoamerica (Mexico from Tamaulipas to Chiapas and into the montane portions of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala). All but one of these nine species is endemic to Mexico. Photo by Christian Berriozabal-Islas. Amphib. Reptile Conserv. | http://redlist-ARC.org 01 June 2013 | Volume 7 | Number 1 | e61 Copyright: © 2013 Wilson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted use for non-com- Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7(1): 1–47. -
Atropoides Picadoi Agkistrodon Bilineatus
37 Beauty of the Beast SNAKES OF COSTA RICA AA DEADLYDEADLY CHARMCHARM Large and small, colorful or drab, harmless or dangerously venomous - meet some of the most fascinating ophidians of Mesoamerica 38 Spilotes pullatus Powerful, muscular, agile and fast-moving, this diurnal and highly variable species can attain a length of 2.6 meter / 8.5 feet. Relatively common in dry lowland riverine forest from Mexico to Argentina, it makes for an impressive encounter in the field, offering a most effective defensive display which includes mouth gaping, loud hissing and extreme inflating of the throat. 39 TEXTS BY POMPILIO CAMPOS BONILLA & ANDREA FERRARI PHOTOS BY ANDREA & ANTONELLA FERRARI and POMPILIO CAMPOS CHINCHILLA osta Rica is a Central American in major international treaties and Ctropical country which thanks to its conventions for the conservation of prevailing environmental conditions nature. A member of CITES, it follow can boast a rich diversity of snakes, strict rules regulating the international with a total of 11 families, 64 genera trade in endangered species - therefore and 139 ophidian species of aquatic, snakes enjoy benefits conferred by terrestrial and arboreal habits, law, ensuring their survival. However, distributed in almost all its territory, because of the myths and popular from sea level to an elevation of about beliefs about snakes, many species of 3000 meters. Only 22 of these possess great ecological importance are still a venom capable of causing harm to victims of human ignorance and are human health - these belong to the regularly killed, mainly in agricultural family Viperidae (pit vipers with heat- areas where workers are afraid of sensitive loreal pits, with haemotoxic being bitten. -
REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: CROTALIDAE Cerrophidion Tzotzilorum
880.1 REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: CROTALIDAE Cerrophidion tzotzilorum Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Jadin, R.C. 2010. Cerrophidion tzotzilorum. Cerrophidion tzotzilorum (Campbell) Tzotzil Montane Pitviper Nauyaca del frío, víbora Bothrops nummifer mexicanus: McCoy and Van Horn 1962:186 (part). Cerrophidion godmani: Auth, Smith, Brown, and Lintz 2000:73 (part). _ FIGURE 2. Photograph of the hemipenis of the holotype Bothrops tzotzilorum Campbell 1985:48. Type locali- _ ty, “10.9 km ESE San Cristóbal de Las Casas, of Cerrophidion tzotzilorum (UTA R 9641); (A) sulcate view, Chiapas, Mexico, elevation 2320 m.” Holotype, (B) asulcate view. Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Cen- ter, University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) R_9641, • DIAGNOSIS. This species is parapatric with C. an adult male collected by J.A. Campbell on 8 godmani with few reports of sympatry (Campbell June 1979. 1985). It differs from C. godmani in having shorter Porthidium tzotzilorum: Campbell and Lamar 1989: and more numerous dorsal and lateral body blotches, 264. generally lower ventral scale counts, and fewer den- Cerrophidion tzotzilorum: Campbell and Lamar 1992: tary and pterygoid teeth. 24. • DESCRIPTIONS. The most complete descrip- • CONTENT. No subspecies are recognized. tions of the external morphology are in Campbell (1985, 1988), Campbell and Lamar (1989, 2004), and • DEFINITION. Cerrophidion tzotzilorum may be the Jadin (in press). smallest species of pitviper in the New World (Camp- bell and Lamar 2004); adults probably do not exceed • ILLUSTRATIONS. In the original description, 50 cm in total length. Coloration may be a dark gray- Campbell (1985) provided sketches of both the left ish brown or rust. A darker gray or brown zig_zag pat- side and dorsal views of the head of the holotype, tern extends from the neck down the entire length of along with a sulcate view of the left hemipene. -
A New Species of Hognose Pitviper, Genus Porthidium, from the Southwestern Pacific of Costa Rica (Serpentes: Viperidae)
Rev. Biol. Trop. 51(3): 797-804, 2003 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu A new species of hognose pitviper, genus Porthidium, from the southwestern Pacific of Costa Rica (Serpentes: Viperidae) William W. Lamar1 & Mahmood Sasa2 1 College of Sciences, University of Texas, 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, Texas 75799, USA. 2 Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica. San José, Costa Rica, and Organization for Tropical Studies, San José, Costa Rica. Received 12-IV-2003. Corrected 29-VIII-2003. Accepted 01-IX-2003. Abstract: A new species of terrestrial pitviper, Porthidium porrasi, is described from mesophytic forests of the Península de Osa and surrounding area of the Pacific versant of southwestern Costa Rica. It is most similar to P. nasutum and is characterized by a pattern of bands, persistence of the juvenile tail color in adults, and a high number of dorsal scales. Analysis of mtDNA sequences confirms its distinction from P. nasutum. The existence of this species reinforces the notion of elevated herpetofaunal endemism in southwestern Costa Rica. Key words: Porthidium porrasi, Porthidium nasutum, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica, Central America. The pitviper genus Porthidium has under- genus Atropoides (Werman 1992); the mon- gone several revisions since its conception by tane pitvipers, genus Cerrophidion (Campbell Cope (1871). The genus has included two to and Lamar 1992); and the hognosed pitvipers, 17 species of terrestrial snakes, most of them genus Porthidium (Campbell and Lamar 1989, less than a meter in total length, and most with in press). Despite the considerable morpho- middle American distributions (Amaral 1927, logical differences, the three genera form a 1929, 1944, Boulenger 1896, Campbell and monophyletic clade that originated and Lamar 1989, Cope 1871, Dunn 1928). -
Ecography E6281 Daza, J
Ecography E6281 Daza, J. M., Castoe, C. L. and Parkinson, C. L. 2010. Using regional comparative phylogeographic data from snake lineages to infer historical processes in Middle America. – Ecography 33: 343–354. Supplementary material Table S1. Genbank sequences utilized in this study. Taxa Locality Voucher Cyt-b ND4 Agkistrodon bilineatus Costa Rica, Guanacaste WWL AY223613 AF156585 Agkistrodon contortrix USA, Ohio, Athens Co. Moody 338 AY223612 AF156576 Agkistrodon piscivorus USA, South Carolina CLP-30 AY223615 AF156578 Agkistrodon taylori Mexico, Tamaulipas CLP-140 AY223614 AF156580 Atractus lasallei Colombia, Antioquia MHUA 14368 GQ334480 GQ334581 Atropoides indomitus Honduras, Olancho ENS-10630 DQ061194 DQ061219 Atropoides mexicanus Costa Rica, San Jose CLP-168 AY223584 U41871 Atropoides nummifer Mexico, Puebla, ENS-10515 DQ061195 DQ061220 Atropoides occiduus Guatemala, Escuintla UTA-R-29680 AY220315 AY220338 Atropoides olmec Mexico, Veracruz UTA-R-14233 AY220322 AY220345 Atropoides picadoi Costa Rica, Alajuela, Varablanca CLP-45 AY223593 U41872 Bothriechis aurifer Guatemala UTA-R35031 DQ305466 DQ305483 Bothriechis bicolor UTA-R34156 DQ305467 DQ305484 Bothriechis lateralis Costa Rica, Acosta MZUCR-11155 AY223588 U41873 Bothriechis marchi Guatemala, Zacapa, Cerro del Mono UTA-R52959 DQ305469 DQ305486 Bothriechis nigroviridis Costa Rica, San Gerondo de Dota MZUCR-11151 AY223589 AY223635 Bothriechis rowleyi Mexico, Cerro Baúl JAC 13295 DQ305468 DQ305485 Bothriechis schlegelii Costa Rica, Cariblanco de Sarapiquí MZUCR-11149 AY223590 AY223636 -
Crotalus Tancitarensis. the Tancítaro Cross-Banded Mountain Rattlesnake
Crotalus tancitarensis. The Tancítaro cross-banded mountain rattlesnake is a small species (maximum recorded total length = 434 mm) known only from the upper elevations (3,220–3,225 m) of Cerro Tancítaro, the highest mountain in Michoacán, Mexico, where it inhabits pine-fir forest (Alvarado and Campbell 2004; Alvarado et al. 2007). Cerro Tancítaro lies in the western portion of the Transverse Volcanic Axis, which extends across Mexico from Jalisco to central Veracruz near the 20°N latitude. Its entire range is located within Parque Nacional Pico de Tancítaro (Campbell 2007), an area under threat from manmade fires, logging, avocado culture, and cattle raising. This attractive rattlesnake was described in 2004 by the senior author and Jonathan A. Campbell, and placed in the Crotalus intermedius group of Mexican montane rattlesnakes by Bryson et al. (2011). We calculated its EVS as 19, which is near the upper end of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), its IUCN status has been reported as Data Deficient (Campbell 2007), and this species is not listed by SEMARNAT. More information on the natural history and distribution of this species is available, however, which affects its conservation status (especially its IUCN status; Alvarado-Díaz et al. 2007). We consider C. tancitarensis one of the pre-eminent flagship reptile species for the state of Michoacán, and for Mexico in general. Photo by Javier Alvarado-Díaz. Amphib. Reptile Conserv. | http://amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 128 September 2013 | Volume 7 | Number 1 | e71 Copyright: © 2013 Alvarado-Díaz et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted use for Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7(1): 128–170. -
The Fractal Structure of the Ventral Scales in Legless Reptiles
The fractal structure of the ventral scales in legless reptiles H A Abdel-Aal1 M El Mansori2 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19144. E-mail: [email protected] 2Mechanics, Surfaces and Materials Processing Laboratory (MSMP), Arts et Métiers ParisTech, 2 cours des Arts et Métiers, 13617, Aix-en-Provence, France Abstract. Surface constructs in snakes reflect desirable design traits for technical surface engineering. Their micro-textural patterns, however, do not lend themselves easily to unified analysis due to species-specific variations in surface geometry and topology. Fractal description is useful in this context since it accentuates the correspondence between patterns especially when responding to tribological phenomena. In this work we examine the surface construction of 14 snake species, representing five families, and evaluate the fractal dimension for each of the skins (both the dorsal and ventral sides) using three different computational algorithms. Our results indicate first that all of the examined species share a common fractal dimension (with a very small variation between species in the order 4-5%). This finding implies that despite the different micro-geometry of texture among species, the skin as a unit responds in a similar manner to many interfacial influences. Introduction In the natural world, emphasis on micro-texture arises in response to the severe demands on efficiency, economy of effort, and on survival. In legless locomotion, not only the reptile has to economize its effort when moving, but also it has to utilize friction (dynamic or static) to generate tractions, balance motion, and to initiate propulsion [1-7]. -
Revista Latinoamericana De Herpetologia
NOTA CIENTÍFICA Campbell et al. - New Generic Name - 52-53 NEW GENERIC NAME FOR JUMPING PITVIPERS (SERPENTES: VIPERIDAE) UN NUEV0 NOMBRE GENÉRICO PARA LA VÍBORAS SALTADORAS (SERPENTES: VIPERIDAE) Jonathan A. Campbell1*, Darrel R. Frost2 and Todd A. Castoe1 1Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76013 2Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 *Correspondence: [email protected] Resumen.— Estudios recientes sobre la filogenia de las víboras de foseta han revelado que un clado que contiene las víboras saltadoras no tienen un nombre genérico (actualmente clasificadas como Atropoides). La especie tipo A. picadoi (Dunn, 1939) no es parte del grupo monofilético formado por las especies que actualmente contiene el género. Aquí proponemos un nombre y discutimos la historia nomenclatural asociada a estas serpientes. Palabras clave.— Nomenclatura; Atropoides; Cerrophidion; nuevo género. Abstract.— Recent studies on the phylogeny of New World pitvipers have revealed that the clade containing the Jumping Pitvipers (currently classified as Atropoides) lack a generic name. The type species A. picadoi (Dunn, 1939) is not part of the monophyletic group formed by the remaining species currently classified in that genus. We herein restrict Atropoides to A. picadoi, propose a new name Metlapilcoatlus gen. nov. for the remaining species, and discuss problems associated with the nomenclatural history of these snakes. Keywords.— Nomenclature; Atropoides; Cerrophidion; new genus. The genus Atropoides was erected by Werman (1992) with head large with small eyes and broadly rounded snout; rostral A. picadoi (Dunn, 1939) designated type-species. The genus wider than high; top of head covered by small, keeled scales; currently contains five other species: A.