IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY

Available online at www.ijrpc.com Review Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.33289/IJRPC.10.4.2020.10(84) TRICHOSANTHESDIOICA ROXB: A PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTO - PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW Senthamil Kavitha1* and Kumudavalli2 1Department of Pharmacy, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur-613 004, Tamil Nadu, . 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vinayaka Missions College of Pharmacy, Salem- 636 008, Tamil Nadu, India.

ABSTRACT Medicinal have a major role to protect human healthy life. The family contains nearly about 95 genera and 965 species. Generally they are the plants. Amongst all, the DioicaRoxb has high traditional and medicinal value for maintaining the healthy life. Traditionally the is used as highly effective in skin disease, such as Bacterial skin infection, fungal infection, wound healing It is also effective agents in purgative, leprosy, jaundice, fever, diabetes, expectorant, aphrodisiac, appetizer, febrifuge, anthelmintic, stomachic , cancer-like conditions. It is a good antioxidant and blood purifier. This activity of the plant contains due to various phytochemical constituents present in Trichosanthesdioica are , vitamin C, tannins, and Saponin. Seeds of Trichosanthesdioica also contain lectin, a carbohydrate (specifically galactose) & large amount of peptides.Root contains amorphous saponin, hentriacontane, essential oil, fixed oil.The aim of this article is to explain the details of phyto-pharmacological properties of Trichosanthes DioicaRoxb for the future research work.

Keywords: Trichosanthesdioica Roxb, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical constituent and review.

INTRODUCTION MORPHOLOGY2,57 Herbal medicines are plant derived materials The plant is a perennial, dioetious, and grows and preparations with therapeutic (or) other as a vine. are pencil thick in size with human health benefits. Which container either dark green cordate, ovate, oblong, not lobed, raw (or) processed ingredient from one (or) rigid, . Roots are tuberous with long tap more plants, inorganic materials or animal root system. Flowers are tubular white with 16- origin. Herbal medicine preparations are 19 days initiation to anthesis for pistillate developed drugs created by the modern flowers and 10-14 days for staminate flowers. pharmaceutical industry. Now a day, they are Stigma remains viable for approximately 14 manufactured and sold. than 80,000 are hours and 40-70% of flowers set based on medicine. India is one of the world's 12 shape, size, and striation, fruit can be grouped biodiversity centers with the presence of over in to four categories long, dark green with 45,000 different plant species, one of them is white stripes, 10-13cm long thick, dark green TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb, Family: with very pale green stripes, 10-16 cm long Cucurbitaceae and commonly known as roundish, dark green with white stripe, 5-8 cm Kambupudalai (Tamil), Parwal (Hindi), long tapering, green and striped, 5-8 cm long. Thondekaye (Kannada), Potal (Telugu) Patolam (Malayalam), Potol (Sanskrit), Parora HABITAT2,57 (Urdu), Potala (Odia). The plant is an , a of family important vegetable-grown extensively in cucurbitaceae, is an annual (or) perennial herb Sambalpur, Orissa. distributed in tropical Asia, Polynesia, and Astralia. It is cultivated throughout the plain of

331 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

North India. (Fig.1: Plate No.443 leaves. Root contains-Amorphous saponin, Trichosanthesdioica Roxb). hentriacontane, colocynthin, trichosanthin, essential oil, fixed oil. Seeds of Biological Source and Family Trichosanthesdioica also contain lectin, a Trichosanthesdioica (Cucurbitaceae) carbohydrate (specifically galactose) & large amount of peptides linoleic, oleic, oleostearic Synonym acids. Nicotinic acid, riboflavin, vitamin C, Pointed Gourd, Parwal. thiamin, 5-hydroxytryptamine has been isolated from the . -5, 24-dienol Scientific classification:2, also in mature plant (Table 5: Preliminary Kingdom : Plantae Phytochemical Screening of powdered raw Division : Magnoliophyta material of Trichosanthesdioca Roxb. Class : Magnoliopsida ()). Order : Family : Cucurbitaceae TLC studies of raw material & Genus : Trichosanthes patoladikwathachurna Species : Dioica Apiumleptophyllum Mobile phase - Toluene : Ethyl acetate (9.3:0.7) MORPHOLOGY STUDIES Stationary phase - Silica gel 60 F366 nm The crude drugs used in the formulation Detecting agent - UV 366 nm Patoladikwathachurna are viewed Solvent front - 10 cm macroscopically through the naked eyes and the results are tabulated as follows (Table 1: PHYTO-PHARMACOLOGY Results of Macroscopical Studies) Antidiabetic activity9 The aqueous extract of Trichosanthesdioica POWER MICROSCOPY fruits by given dose of 1000 mg / kg body The individual crude drug powders used in the weight daily once for 28 days, it has reduced formulation are viewed microscopically and the the levels of fasting blood glucose, following features are noted (Fig. 3: postprandial glucose, asparate amino Characters from Patola- transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, Trichosanthesdioica Roxb.– leaf). urine sugar, and urine protein where as total protein and body weight was increased. No Quantitative physico-chemical toxic effect was observed during LD50. Thus analysis of Trichosanthes dioicaroxb. Trichosanthesdioica is a potent phytomedicine Foreign organic matter for diabetes The foreign organic matter present in the raw materials was removed by mechanical method Anxiolytic activity 10 and the results were tabulated. It was found to The anxiolytic activity was evaluated by using be within the limits as per API. (Table 2: Elevated plus and behavior models. The determination of foreign organic matter). efficacy of the given aqueous extract Trichosanthesdioicawas 100 and 500 mg / kg The various ash value such as total ash, acid- compared to the standard anxiolytic drug insoluble ash and water soluble ash are Diazepam 2 mg / kg. The result has shown the determined and the results were tabulated. It aqueous extract significantly increased the was found to be within the limits as per API. number of entries and time spent in the open (Table 3: Ash value) arm and in the elevated plus maze. The aqueous extract showed the conformation of The various extractive values such as water significant anxiolytic activity. soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractive and results were tabulated. The results Haemolytic anaemia activity 11 obtained are found to be within the limits as The aqueous extract of Trichosanthesdioica per API. (Table 4: determinations of fruits were tested for their effects on the extractive values) hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), reticulocyte count, packed cell Phytochemical constituent1,14, volume, cell shape, morphology and osmotic The preliminary phytochemical study of resistance in the phenyl hydrazine induced TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb revealed the haemolytic anemia model in albino rats. The presence of a steroidal saponin, 24-α-ethyl-20- recovery study revealed that after 16 days, one-7-hydro-stigmast-8β, 14β-di-3-O-β-D- and the group of anaemic rats treated with the xylofuranoside has been isolated from the aqueous extract of Trichosanthesdioica fruits

332 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781 exhibited significantly (P≤ 0.01) improvement Laxative activity 14 in haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell To evaluate the laxative activity of the aqueous count, packed cell volume (mean values are extract Trichosanthes dioica Roxb root in being 14.15 gm / dl, 7.66 106/1, 0.75%, 48.4% swiss albino mice by given dose 100 and 200 respectively) when compared to group of mg / kg body weight. It was evaluated by anaemic rats left untreated (mean values are excretory bowel activities in non-constipated & 8.54gm / dl, 4.16 106/1, 1.316%, 39.16%). in drug loperamide induced constipation in Thusthe aqueous extract of mice. The gastrointestinal transit was Trichosanthesdioica fruits Significantly altered measured in both non-constipated and in values and most of the parameters associated constipated mice. Caster oil (0.5 ml / mouse with haemolytic anemia. per ox) used as reference. The aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb root at Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti- 200 mg kg (-1) body weight was found and the pyretic activity12 results given most active, causing diarrhea in The Methanolic extract along with organic mice. soluble fraction of the fruits of TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb was designed to Gastric antiulcer activity 15 investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, The aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica & antipyretic potential. Antioxidant activity was Roxb leaves was evaluated as antiulcer evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- activity against: (1) Aspirin plus pylorus ligation picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide scavenging model, (2) Ethanol / Hcl-induced ulcer in wister assay method. Anti-inflammatory activity was rats. Using standard drug Ranitidine (100 mg / assessed by carrageenan induced paw edema kg), compard with Trichosanthes dioica leaves in rats and anti-pyretic activity weresudied for aqueous extract. Only the aqueous extract (Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia) at a dose Trichosanthes dioica Roxb (500 mg / kg) level of 100,200, and 400 mg / kg body weight significantly (p ≤ 0.001) increased the pH of for Methanolic extract. MeOH extract showed gastric acid and reduced the volume of gastric a dose dependent & significant (p≤0.005, p≤ juice, free and total acidities, reduced the ulcer 0.05) anti-inflammatory & antipyretic effect. index used in all models. Dichloromethane fraction and ethyl acetate fractions were exhibited similar activity using a Antimicrobial activity 16 dose of 200 mg / kg body weight in these In this study deals with the in vitro assessment models. The pharmacological activities of the of antimicrobial activity in different dichloromethane fraction were lesser than that concentration and different parts of of the Methanolic extract and other fraction. Trichosanthesdioica extract. Different bacterial The methanolic extract or Trichosanthesdioica strains were used in the disc diffusion method. & its ethyl acetate fraction given potent Using parts of Trichosanthesdioica is leaves, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, & antipyretic fruits and seeds all three can be used as anti- agent. bacterial agents. Only the leaves extract was active agent for all five strains and the highest Wound healing activity 13 zone of inhibition was observed against The Methanolic extract of the Trichosanthes Mycobacterium smegmatis and also used for dioica Roxb fruit was evaluated for the wound tuberculosis treatment. healing potential. The incision of wounds were conflicted upon three groups of six rats each. CONCLUSION Group I was treated with control (ointment Trichosanthes dioica Roxb is a widely base), Group II was treated with standared traditionally used and more potent medicinal silver sulphadiazine (0.01%) cream. Group III plant among all the thousands of medicinal was treated with Methanolic extract ointment. plants. The pharmacological activity was Parametres were observed such as, reported in the present review confirmed that percentage of wound concentration, the therapeutic value of Trichosanthes dioica epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content, Roxb is much more. The presence of tensile strength including histopathological phytochemical constituents and studies. Results-the Methanolic extract pharmacological activities proved that the plant Trichosanthes dioica Roxb fruit ointment has a potential leading capacity for the showed significant (P≤ 0.01) healing in both development of new good therapeutic efficacy wound models when compare to control group. drugs in the future.

333 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

Fig.1: Plate No.443 Trichosanthesdioica Roxb

Fig. 2: Morphology and scaling of Trichosanthesdioica Roxb

Epidermal cells in surface view Spongy parenchyma under epidermis

334 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

Epidermis of petiole with cicatrix Stomata

Vessel fragment Fragment of phloem tissue

Fibre bundle Trichome

Fig. 3: Characters from Patola- Trichosanthesdioica Roxb.– leaf

335 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

Fig. 4: TLC Identification of Six plants Extract Compared with PatoladiKwatha Churna Formulation

Fig. 5: HPTLC for patoladikvathachurna formulation (containing 6 plants) compared with individual plant extractespeciallytrichosanthesdioicaroxb(patola)

336 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

Table 1: Results of Macroscopical Studies S.NO Plant name Colour Odour Taste Surface characteristics Size and shape Upper Both surfaces are very surface rough with rigid hairs. green, Ovate-oblong 1 Trichosanthesdioica Roxb Not specific Slightly bitter Sinuate and dentate lower Cordate margin, cordate base, surface dull acute to acuminate apex. green

Table 2: Determination of foreign organic matter S.NO. Plant name Foreign organic matter API Standard limit Loss On Drying PH 1 TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. 1.0% NIL 7.8% 8.19

Table 3: Ash value Determination Acid API Water API Standard S.No. Plant name of ash value insoluble Standard soluble limit (Total ash) ash limit ash 1 TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. 13.36% NMT - 7% 3.14% NIL NIL

Table 4: Determinations of extractive values API Water soluble Alcohol soluble S.No. Plant name Standard API Standard limit extractive extractive limit 1 TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. 12.5% NIL 2.1% NIL

Table 5: Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of powdered raw material of Trichosanthesdioca roxb. (leaf) Trichosanthesdioca S.NO. Chemical Constituent Roxb. (leaf) 1 Alkaloids + 2 Glycosides - 3 Carbohydrates - 4 Steroids + 5 Triterpenods - 6 Flavanoids + 7 Tannins 8 Phenoles ++ 9 Saponins - 10 Fixed oils and fats - Proteins &Free amino 11 - acids 12 Volatile oil - Mucilage, gums and 13 - resins 14 Terpenoids + 15 Diterpenes - (+) indicates Present and (-) indicates Absent

Table 6: Identification of PatoladiKvatha Churna with Trichosanthesdioica Roxb. Name of the matching No. PKC Formulation compound No. Name of the plant extract of R Value f No. of Spot R Value Spot f Steroids 1 TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb 4 0.15,0.3,0.4,0.5 1 0.3 0.86- orange colour- 0.86,0.08, Flavonoids&Steroids 2 TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.(Patola) 3 0.86, 0.08,0.94 3 0.94 0.86-Brown colour- Tanins&Phenols,Aminoacids

337 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

REFERENCES 9. Hamdulay N, Attaurrahaman Z, 1. Senthamil Kavitha M, Radha R, Shende V and Lawar M. Evaluation Vadivu R and Nartunai G. of gastric antiulcer activity of Phytochemical Screening and Trichosanthesdioica Roxb. Leaves. Antimicrobial Activity of Polyherbal International Journal of Ayurvedic Formulation Patoladi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Kvatha Churna for skin diseases: Research. 2012;3(11):4332-4337. World Journal of Pharmacy and 10. Raj PK, Shikha Gupta RK and Geeta Pharmaceutical Sciences. Watal. A novel antimicrobial agents 2018;7:1184-1202. Trichosanthesdioica. International 2. Senthamil kavitha M, Radha R, Journal of Pharma and Bio Science. Vadivu R and Nartunai G. Raw 2010;1(3):PS14-PS14. Material Standardisation of A 11. Rajinder, Kaur, Ram RN and Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation histological studies in common carp Patoladi Kvatha Churna for skin (Cyprinuscarpio) fed with diseases: World Journal of Pharmacy pointeredgoured and Pharmaceutical Sciences. (Trichosanthedioica), Indian Journal 2018;1021-1030. of Veterinary Pathology. 3. Raj, Prashantkumar, Jaiswal, Dolly, 2016;40:341-346. Raj, Devendra K, Sharma, Bechan, 12. Islam MA, Rashedul, Hasan and Watal and Geeta. Effect of water Rhyad-UI-Ferdous M. Evaluation of extract of Trichosanthesdioica fruits cytotoxic effect of in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. Trichosanthesdioica (leaves) Indian journal of clinical biochemistry. compared to vincristin sulphate in 2008;23(4):387-90. Bangladesh. World Journal of 4. Bhadoriya SS, Dixit PV, Bhoopendra, Pharmaceutical Research. Raghuvashi, Ankit, Mangal, Narendra 2016;5:196-207. and Mandoria. Anxiolytic activity 13. Nayak DA, Pradhan M, Mohanty S, of aqueous extract of fruits of Parida AK and Mahapatra P. Effect of Trichosanthesdioica Roxb. Journal of integrated nutrient management on Pharmacy Research. 2012;5(2):1057- productivity and profitability of 1058. pointerd gourd 5. Dhakar, Ranjana, Kumar KY, Kumar (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb). Journal PU and Kumar PR. In vivo of Crop and Weed. 2016;12:25-31. assessment of bioactivity of 14. Solomon JA, Aditya, Ganeshpurkar, Trichosanthesdioica Roxb for the Nilesh, Shrivastava, Divya, Bansal management of haemolytic anaemia. and Nazneen Dubey. Determination International Journal of Pharm Tech of cucurbitacin B in Research. 2012;4(2):689-699. TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb by HPTLC; 6. Alam MB, Hossain MS, Chowdhury Journal: Pharmacognosy NS, Asadujjaman M, Ronok Zahan, communications. 2014;4:8-12. Islam MM, Mazumder MEH, Haque, 15. Sangeetha G, Srinivas P, Singh HS, ME and Anwarul Islam. Antioxidant, Debasish B and Bharathi LK. Fruit anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic and Vine Rot of Pointered Gourd activities of Trichosanthesdioica Roxb (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.) as fruits. Journal of Pharmacology and influenced by planting systems and Toxicology. 2011;6(5):440-453. Weather parameters in East Cost 7. Shivhare, Yogesh, Singour, Pradeep Reion of India; Journal of pure and K, Patil UK and Pawar RS. Wound Applied Microbiology. 2016;10:2895- healing potential of methanolic 2900. extract of Trichosanthesdioica Roxb 16. Kumar, Sanjeev, Singh, Hemant, fruits in rats. Journal of Pandey, Vikramaditya and Singh BD. Ethnopharmacology. 2010; 127(3): In vitro multiplication of 614-619. pointeredgoured 8. Hattacharya, Sanjib and Haldar and (Trichosanthesdioica) through nodal Pallab Kanti. Trichosanthesdioica explants culture, and testing the Roxb root possesses stimulant genetic fidelity of microprobagated laxative activity in mice. Journal of plants using RAPD markers; Indian Natural Product Research. Journal of Biotecnology. 2016;4: 581- 2012;26(10):952-957. 588.

338 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

17. Solomon JA, Aditya Ganeshpurkar, 25. Srijita Dutta. Pharmacological Nilesh, Shrivastava, Divya, Bansal Potentials of and Nazneen Dubey. Protective TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. effect of Trichosanthesdioica extract (Cucurbitaceae). An overview: against gentamicin induced International Journal of Drug nephrotoxicity in rats. Journal Formulation and Research. 2015;6:1- Pharmacognosy communications. 10. 2016;6:23-27. 26. Sanjib, Bhattacharya and Haldar PK. 18. Kabir, Syed Rashel, Rahman, Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study MdMusfikur, Tasnim, Shahnima, of Trichosanchesdioica root in mice. Karim, Md Rezaul and Khatun, American-Euracian Journal of Nazma. Purification and Toxicological Sciences (AEJTS). characterization of a novelchitinase 2013;5:30-35. from Trichosanthesdioica seed with 27. Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Haldar, antifungal activity. International Pallabkanti. The triterpenoid fraction Journal of Biological from Trichosanchesdioica root Macromolecules. 2016;84:62-68. suppresses experimentally induced 19. Singh, Hemant, Kumar, Sanjeev and inflammatory ascites in rats. Journal Singh BD. In vitro conservation of Pharmaceutical Biotecnology. pointed gourd (Trichosanthesdioica) 2013;51:1477-1479. germplasm through slow-growth 28. Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Haldar, cultures. Effect of flurprimidol Pallabkanti: Neuropharmacological and triiodobenzoic acid. Journal properties of Trichosanthesdioica Scientia Horticulturae. 2015;182:41- root. Chinese journal of Natural 46. Medicines. 2013;11:158-163. 20. Kishore, Kundan, Patnaik, Samiksha, 29. Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Haldar, and Shukla AK. Optimization of Pallabkanti. Trichosanthesdioica Root method to alleviate in vitro shoot tip Alleviates Arsenic Induced necrosis in TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. Myocardial Toxicity in Rats. Journal Indian Journal of Biotecnology. 2015; of Environmental Pathology 14:107-111. Toxicology and Oncology. 21. Manish, Kumar, Yadav RK and 2013;32:251-261. Deepmala Verma. Antidiabetic effect 30. Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Haldar, of Trichosanthesdioica and Pallabkanti. Trichosanchesdioica cocciniaindica in alloxan induced Fruit Extract Ameliorates Arsenic- diabetic rats. Journal of Current Induced Brain Toxicity in Male Albino Research in Science. 2014;2:567- Rates. Journal of Environmental 569. Pathology Toxicology and Oncology. 22. Chaudhary SJ and Paranjape AN. 2013;32:141-148. Phytoconstituents of 31. Sanjib, Bhattacharya and Haldar PK. TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. A herbal Evaluation of antimitotic and theraphy for nephrotoxicity. World genotoxic effects of the triterpenoid Journal of Pharmacy and extract from Trichosanthesdioica root: Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS). American-Euracian Journal of 2014;3:1521-1552 Toxicological Sciences (AEJTS). 23. Bhattacharya, Sanjib, Das, 2012;4:20-23. Sanjitkumar and Haldar Pallabkanti. 32. Sanjib, Bhattacharya and Haldar PK. Arsenic Induced Myocardial Toxicity Exploration of anti-nociceptive and in Rats. Alleviative Effect of locomotor effects of Trichosanthesdioica Fruit. Journal of Trichosanthesdioica root extracts in Dietary Supplements. 2014;11:248- Swiss albino mice. Asian Pacipic 261. Journal of Biomedicine. 2012;S224- 24. Adikari, Sinchan, Saha, Souman, 228. Bandyopadhyay, Tapas kumar and 33. Rai P, Gupta S, Jayasundar R and Ghosh Parthadeb. Identification and Watal G. A Scientific Validation of Validation of a new male sex-specific Antihyperglycemic and ISSR marker in pointed gourd Antihyperlipedemic Attributes of (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.). The Trichosanthesdioica fruits. Journal Scientific World Journal. Annals of Nutrition Metabolism. 2014;216896-216896. 2013;63:1147-1147.

339 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

34. Rai, Prashant kumar and Gupta. A Callus Cultures in Scientific Validation of Trichosanthesdioica Roxb. Journal: In Antihyperglycemic and Vitro Cellular and Development Antihyperlipidemic Attributes of Biology-Animal. 2011;47:S40-S40. Trichosanthesdioica. 2013;473059. 44. Komal and Rashmi. In Vitro Plant 35. Barma, Pranab and Jha and Regeneration of Trichosanthesdioica Shantanu. Insect and Non-Insect Roxb. C.V.Hilli from Nodal Explants. Pests Infesting Pointed Gourd Indian Journal of Agricultural (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.) in West Research. 2011;45:140-145. . Journal Bioscan. 2013;8:537- 45. Komal and Rashmi. One step method 543. of plantlet regeneration in 36. Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Haldar, Trichosanthesdioica Roxb. An Pallabkanti. Chemopreventive approach towards cost effective and property of Trichosanthesdioica Root shorter protocol. African Journal of Against 3-Methylcholanthrene- Biotechnology. 2011;10:9-12. induced Carcinogenesis in Albino 46. Raj SK, Snehi SK and Khan. Mice. Journal of Environmental Molecular identification of an Pathology Toxicology and Oncology. Ageratum enation virus isolate 2012;31:109-119. associated with mosaic disease of 37. Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Haldar pointed gourd (Trichosanthesdioica) Pallabkanti. Ameliorative effect in India. 2011;39:497-502. Trichosanthesdioica root against 47. Shah BN and Seth AK. experimentally induced arsenic Pharmacological potential of toxicity in male albino rats. Journal Trichosanthesdioica – an edible Environmental Toxicology and plant. Hygeia – Journal for Drugs and Pharmacology. 2012;33:394-402 Medicine. 2011;2:1-7. 38. Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Haldar 48. Bairy KL, Adarsha KR and Annavi. Pallabkanti. Trichosanthesdioica Fruit Effect of Concomitant Administration Ameliorates experimentally Induced of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Arsenic Toxicity in Male Albino Rats Trichosanthesdioica and Metformin in Through the Alleviation of Oxidative Diabetic Rats. Journal of Clinical Stress. Journal Biological Trace Pharmacology. 2010;50:1077-1077. Element Research. 2012;48:232-241. 49. Jamal, Farrukh, Qidwai and Tabish. 39. Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Haldar Biocatalytic activity of immobilised Pallabkanti. Protective role of the pointed gourd (Trichosanthesdioica) triterpenoid-enriched extract of peroxidise-concanavalin A complex Trichosanchesdioica root against on calcium alginate pectin gel: experimentally induced pain and Journal of Molecular Catalysis B- inflammation in rodents. Journal Enzymatic. 2012;74:125-131. Natural Product Research. 50. Adiga, Shalini, Bairy and Et KL. 2012;26:2348-2352. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous 40. Alom MS, Nag BL and Islam. extract of Trichosanthesdioica in Performance of different crop species normal and diabetic rats: International with pointed gourd Journal of Diabetes in Developing (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.). Countries. 2010;30:38-42. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural 51. Adikari S and Biswas A. A Research. 2013;38:523-529. Preliminary Report on the Genetic 41. Amdadul, Huq, Shahina and Akter. In Variation in Pointed Gourd vitro microprobagation of pointed (Trichosanthesdioica Roxb.) As gourd (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.) Assessed by Random Amplified from shoot tip and nodal segment. Polymorphic DNA. Journal Acta Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Biologica Hungarica. 2014;65:156- Industrial Research. 2012;47:217- 164. 222. 52. Rai P, Kumar Rai, Kumar D and 42. Shivhare, Yogesh, Singh and Priya. Mehta. Effect of Trichosanthesdioica Antioxidant Potential of on Oxidative Stress and CYP450 Trichosanchesdioica Roxb. (fruits) Gene Expression Level in Pharmacognosy Journal. 2010;2:107- Experimentally Induced Diabetic 111. Rats. 2011;57:31-39. 43. Komal and Rashmi. In Vitro 53. Kumar, Sanjeev and Singh BD. Regeneration of Plantlets through RAPD markers for identification of

340 IJRPC 2020, 10(4), 331-341 Senthamil Kavitha et al. ISSN: 22312781

sex in pointed goured 58. Farrukh and Jamal. Simple approach (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.). Indian to reactive dye decolorization using Journal of Biotechnology. Trichosanthesdioica proteins at low 2012;11:251-256. concentration of I- 54. Tiwari AK, Rao GP and Khan MS. hydroxybenzotriazole. Journal current Detection and elimination of Trends in Biotechnology and Begomovirus infecting Pharmacy. 2011;5:1273-1281. Trichosanthesdioica (pointed gourd) 59. Malek MA, Khanam D and Khatun M. plants in , India. Journal In vitro culture of pointed gourd archives of Phytopathology and Plant (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.). Production. 2012;45:1070-1075. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural 55. Nanda, Satyabrata, Kar and Research. 2010;35:135-142. Basudeba. Development of an ISSR 60. Malek MA, Mannan MA and Khanam based STS marker for sex D. In vitro regeneration through callus identificatication in pointed gourd in pointed gourd (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.). Journal (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.). Scientia Horticulture. 2013;150:11- Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural 15. Research. 2010;35:465-473. 56. Jamal, Farrukh, Singh and Sangram. 61. Sanjeev, Kumar and Singh BD: Optimization of internal conditions for Inheritance of stem and leaf biocatalytic dye colour removal and a morphological traits in pointed gourd comparison of redox mediator’s (TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.). Journal efficiency on partially purified of Crop Improvement. 2008;22:225- Trichosanthesdioica peroxidise. 232. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B- 62. Tiwari AK, Deepmala Singh and Enzymatic. 2012;74:116-124. Tripathi. Effect of BAP and kinetin on 57. Kumar, Nitin, Singh and Satyendra. shoot initiation of Trichosanthesdioica Trichosanthesdioica Roxb. An Roxb. An important medicinal plant. overview Journal. Pharmacognosy Journal Medicinal Plants. 2010;2:59- reviews. 2012;6:61-7. 61.

341