MAY 10, 1974 25 CENTS VOLUME 38/NUMBER 18

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

-see page 5

Lisbon. Junta soldier protecting hated secret police from angry crowd. African freedom fighters . press for independenceA In Brief ANTIGAY DEMONSTRATION FLOPS: After being government plot, has just been published by Pathfipder bottled up more than three years in committee by Demo­ Press in the pamphlet Secret Documents Exposed: FBI cratic and Republican politicians in New York's city coun­ Plot Against the Black Movement. The pamphlet costs 35 cil, a bill barring discrimination against homosexuals, cents and may be ordered by writing to Pathfinder Press, Intro 2, is finally before the city's legislative body. In re­ 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. sponse to the predicted passage of this bill, the Uniformed Fire Officers Association, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese, THIS and the police began what appeared to be a concerted BROOKLYN STUDENTS PROTEST BUDGET CUT­ drive against the civil rights legislation. BACKS: As New York City Mayor Abraham Beame The Fire Officers called a mass rally for April 30 in dedicated $65-million in new buildings at Brooklyn Col­ WEEK'S lege April 26, students demonstrated against drastic fi~ front of city hall, announcing that they expected to draw nancial aid cuts. 5,00() people. Deputy Fire Chief David McCormack admit­ MILITANT ted that the union spent more than $10,000 advertising The demonstration of 100 was called in response to the reduction of funds in the Educational Opportunity Grant 3 L.A. workers force con­ the action. Only a small handful showed up. No rally took place. and SEEK programs. These cuts would particularly affect cessions with strike Black and Puerto Rican students. threat Instead, street corners around city hall between noon and 2 p.m. became the scene for numerous debates between This was the third demonstration organized by Brook­ White House tapes: lyn College students to fight reductions in financial aid, 6 firemen, cops, lunchtime strollers, and others on whether conspiracy & cover-up Intro 2 should be adopted. · counselling services, reductions in the budgets of the Black 7 Impeachment drive ap­ Firefighters who claimed that the bill would "force an and Puerto Rican Studies .Departments, and the threat of proaches finale employer to hire a pervert" and "expose our children to tuition. Brooklyn College is part of the City University of New York, which is tuition free. 8 NY District 1 campaign the influences of sodomites" were cornered by many sup­ Groups participating in the Ad Hoc Committee to Fight intensifies porters of lntro 2 who explained to them the bigotry of their opposition to the bill. the Budget Cuts include the Dar Ul Islam Muslims, the 9 Victory for S. F. Blacks Umoja Society, Puerto Rican Socialist Party, and Young against 'Zebra' dragnet Socialist Alliance. 12 Call for 'far left' candi­ Duncan Ferguson dies, date fails in France WISCONSIN TEACHERS FIGHT UNION-BUSTING: '13 New denunciations of A strike by public school teachers in the rural communi­ Chilean junta terror memorial meeting set ty of Hortonville, Wis., (population 1,500) is in its sev­ 15 Bustin, Dixon tour for Duncan Ferguson, a longtime leader of the Socialist Work­ enth week. The strike began when the 84 teachers of the ers Party, died in Los Angeles April 29 of cancer. He Hortonville Education Association (H EA) refused to be­ SWP election campaigns was 73 years old. A memorial meeting has been set for gin their fifteenth month of work without a new contract 16 Washington, D.C.: Tuesday, May 7, at 8 p.m. at 710 S. Westlake Ave. in A week after they struck, all 84 were fired and replaced what strategy for Black Los Angeles. with scab instructors, mostly substitutes and l'etirees. political power? Born and raised in China, Ferguson became a well­ Teachers from across the state responded by helping 20 'Samizdat: Voices of known sculptor in this country. He was an art professor to build large picket lines in front of the school. At this Soviet Opposition' re­ at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge until the point, Wisconsin Governor Patrick Lucey was consider­ viewed late 1930s when he left that position and moved to New ing sending in the National Guard to "help maintain York to devote his full time to building the Trotskyist order" and better convoy the scab teachers. 24 Four years after Kent movement More than 1,200 teachers from around Wisconsin gath­ State massacre For .a time he headed Pioneer Publishers, a predecessor ered April 29 at the state capitol in Madison demanding to Pathfmder Press. He was active in the New York local the immediate reinstatement of the "Hortonville 84." The 2 In Brief and the Cleveland branch of the SWP before ill health rally was called by the Wisconsin Education Association. 10 In Our Opinion forced him to curtail his activity. This strike, which has received major media coverage in Letters Artist, intellectual, carpenter, and socialist, he was part of a generation that helped to bring the program and Wisconsin, is seen as a test for all public employees in 11 Great Society tradition of the revolutionary Marxist movement to new the state, who are denied the right to strike. Already, there National Picket Line generations of socialist youth. are reports that several school boards have broken off A future issue of The Militant will report more fully negotiations with their teachers, following the brazen ex­ WORLD OUTLOOK on Duncan Ferguson's contributions to the revolution­ ample of their Hortonville counterparts. 1 Trotskyists assess gener­ ary movement al strike in Mar,tinique CHICAGOANS PUSH FOR PASSAGE OF ERA: The week of April 14-21 was "ERA Week" in Illinois, a week 2 Argentine workers devoted to activity for the ratification of the Equal Rights BLACK STUDENTS SIT IN FOR CULTURAL CEN­ fight for union democ­ Amendment The week's events were coordinated by ERA TER: Of the 13,000 undergraduate students at the Uni­ racy Central, a Chicago-based coalition of feminist, labor, po­ versity of Connecticut in Storrs, 600 are Black. These 3 World News Notes litical, and other organizations. Black students have been demanding that the university re­ 4 Iraqi regime bombs On April 16 there was a spirited noon rally in the Loop, cruit more Blacks, provide more fmancial aid to Black stu­ Chicago's business district, demanding the immediate pas­ Kurdish villages dents, and provide a Black cultural center. Another con­ sage of the ERA. More than 200 people participated in cern of U. of C. students is the research of some behavior­ the action. -NORMAN OLIVER al scientists on campus into the genetic influence on in­ telligence, which many believe would be used to justify racial discrimination. To get a defmite answer to their demands from uni­ versity President Glenn Ferguson, 219 students, mostly Blacks, occupied the campus Wilbur Cross Library just YOUR FIRST THE MILITANT before it closed at midnight, April 22. i' . VOLUME 38/NUMBER 18 Ferguson called in the state troopers to remove the pro­ (; ISSUE? l MAY 10, 1974 testing students from the building early the next morning. i. QOSING NEWS DATE-MAY 1, 1974 All 219 were charged with criminal trespass. On April 24, 56 more students and four faculty members t Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS ( were arrested when they occupied the library for a second ~ Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS time. These protesters, mostly white, said they were mem­ SUB,SCRIBE t · Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING l bers of a group called the Coalition. One of the demon­ t strators said they were "white students showing they sup­ 1-·' Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., mTHE ~ 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: port the Black students' demands." Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) They were also charged with criminal trespass. 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 710 S. Westlake Ave., Ferguson, who claims to agree with the demands of the MILITIIT . Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Telephone: (213) 483-2798. Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes Black students, said, "I will not negotiate concessions in The Militant takes sides. We supported San Francisco's ol address should be addressed to The MilitontBusiness an atmosphere of intimidation and illegal action." Black community against Alioto's racist 'Zebra' dragnet. Office, 14 Charles Lane, New York. N.Y. 10014. Don't miss an issue-subscribe now. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ scriptions: domestic, $5 a year; foreign, S8.50. By first­ BLACK SCHOLAR ENDORSES WATERGATE SUIT: class mail: domestic, Canada, and Mexico, >30; all · The editors of The Black Scholar, Robert Chrisman and other countries, $51. By airmail: domestic, Canada, Robert Allen, recently endorsed the Political Rights Defense Introductory orrar-S1/3months and Mexico, >40. By air printed molter: Central Fund, which is publicizing the lawsuit against Nixon and ( ) $1 for three months of The Militant. America and Caribbean, >38; Mediterranean Africa, ( ) $2 for three months of The Militant and three months other government officials filed by the Socialist Workers Europe, and South America, SSO; USSR, Asia, Pacific, of the International Socialist Review. . and Africa, S60. Write for foreign sealed air postage Party and Young Socialist Alliance. In the April issue of ( ) $5 for one year of The Mjlitant rates. The Black Scholar, a letter signed by a number of promi­ For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then ( ) New ( ) Renewal posted from London directly: Britain and Ireland, ll.20 nent Black individuals is printed urging others to support lor 10 issues, l4.50 for one year; Continental Europe, the suit. NAME------L1.50 for 10 issues, l5.50 for one year. Send banker's Also carried in this issue is an article by Militant staff ADDRESS ______droit directly to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, london, writer Baxter Smith exposing the FBI plot to disrupt and CITY ______STATE------ZIP---- SE l Bll, England. Inquire for air rates from london at the some address. crush the Black liberation movement. 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Signed articles by contributors- do. not necessarily This article, along with the FBI memos proving the represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 60.000 me~ to stn~ L.A. workers force concessions with threat of countywide shutdown By WALTER LIPPMANN the pickets of any that went out. LOS ANGELES- Union officials and Union officials leaned heavily on the Los Angeles County administrators spirit generated by the San Francisco moved with haste to arrive at a con" strike. The latest issue of Service Em­ tract agreement to avert a countywide ployees-the SEIU newspaper-fea­ shutdown scheduled to begin April 29. turing pictures and stories about San Announcement of the terms came as Francisco was widely distributed. So­ 60,000 unionized county employees cial Services Union Local 535 (SEIU) girded for what would have been the issued a special leaflet on the example biggest strike action yet seen here. of San Francisco. Sparked into action by the rampant The county supervisors added fuel inflation, and inspired by the strike of to the fire. Their $37,615 per year municipal workers in San Francisco salaries are increased on a cost-of­ in March, county workers displayed living formula, yet they at first re­ a new militancy. fused any wage hike at all! For the first time here, seven unions Also, they insisted on deleting hard­ of county workers entered into a nego­ won gains from the new contract. For instance, they wanted to delete pro­ tiating coalition. At mass membership visions relating to welfare work loads. meetings of Service Employees Inter- They also sought to delete numerous other contract provisions regulating Walter Lippmann is a shop stew­ employees' benefits so that workers ard and state executive board couldn't use the grievance procedure member in Social Services Union to resolve disputes on these issues. Local535. One union negotiator expressed it this way: "The county has for too long national Union (SEIU) Local 660 shown its contempt for us as employ­ and Local 535, more than 9,000 ees. It's time we showed our contempt members turned out and voted in their for them as employers." overwhelming majority to strike. By April 25, the board of super­ Unnerved by the prospect of a crip­ visors raised its offer to between 7 and 8 percent or $50 per month, which­ pling shutdown, county authorities ever was greater. They dropped all upped their wage offer from 5 percent the provocative changes they had in­ to 7.5 percent and added some addi­ sisted on in the new contract and con" tional improvements and benefits. ceded certain other demands. A dental Equally unnerved, the top officials plan will be established in one year. of the union coalition acted behind the Medical coverage will be improved. backs of a specially created negotiat­ LWitnn

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 3 Portugal's 13-year war in Africa By BAXTER SMITH the Portuguese empire; an estimated Legend has it that it took from 1446, three million Angolans were traded the year Portuguese seaman Nuno into slavery. Tristllo first splashed ashore at Guinea Angola, with 5. 8 million people- to take slaves, until 1915 before any 750,000 of them white-is the richest Portuguese could safely settle in and largest of Portugal's colonies. Guinea's interior because of fierce re­ Exports from Angola, which is twice sistance from the native population. the size of Texas, include coffee, sugar, Today, resistance not only in tobacco, corn, sisal, and wax. Dia­ Guinea, but in Angola and Mozam­ monds are also an important export, bique as well, to Portuguese colonial and $15-million to $20-million worth rule- the oldest European rule in of diamonds are extracted each year. Africa- proved to be largely respon­ Gulf Oil has a major drilling opera­ sible for the military take-over in . tion in the Cabinda enclave, just north Portugal last week. of Angola proper. It has some $200- For the past 13 years, Portugal has million tied up in the operation and fought a war against guerrillas deter­ made a reported $70-million there last mined to break its hold over African year. lands. General Ant6nio de Spinola, Fighting in Angola began in 1961. the junta's spokesman, felt that Lis­ Three organizations-Popular Move­ bon could not win militarily and ment for the Liberation of Angola should seek a compromise "solution." (MPLA), National Front for the Lib­ After participating in the leadership of eration of Angola (FNLA), and the Lisbon's colonial wars for years, he National Union for the Total Inde­ wrote in a sensational book, Portugal pendence of Angola ( UNITA)- have .. Areas of and the Future, that the negative ef­ engaged 50,000 Portuguese troops in ~ greatest fects of the wars on Portuguese society a guerrilla war. "" guerrilla activity outweighed the benefits of direct colo­ In Mozambique, about 70,000 nization for Portugal's rulers. Portuguese troops have been fighting Indeed, war-primed inflation and FREL IMO (Mozambique Liberation Front). Just recently, according to the April 1 Newsweek, Lisbon had to air­ lift 10,000 troops from Angola to aid those in Mozambique because the con­ flict there had grown so intense. Armed struggle broke out in Mozam­ South Africa shares a 300-mile border there ten years ago. Behind the confi­ bique, a country of close to nine mil­ with Mozambique and each year im­ dent official mask, depression per­ lion people- 220,000 whites-in ports thousands of Mozambicans into meates almost every corner of society, 1964. South Africa to work as contraCt la­ from troops fighting guerrillas in the Mozambique lacks the mineral re­ borers in the gold and diamond mines. north to shopkeepers in Lourenco sources of Angola, but its hydroelec­ Concern was evident in the apartheid Marques. tric potential is immense. An interna­ country when, within two days of the "So widespread is insecurity that tional business consortium is building coup, a 9 percent decline in the gold many non-African Mozambicans are Africa's second largest dam, the share index was registered. making contingency plans to emi­ Cabora Bassa, over a section of the grate.... Zambesi River in the northwestern PAIGC "In all the time I have known Mo­ part of the country. The dam will Of the three mainland colonies, the zambique, since just before Frelimo have a capacity of 18 billion kilowatt­ resistance movement in Guinea-Bissau attacked, I have never seen such de­ hours and could supply the electric has made the most gains. spondency ...." power needs for much of southern The PAIGC (African Party for the Nussey reports: "Among the con­ Africa. Angola coffee workers. Coffee is one Independence of Guinea and the Cape scripts from Portugal I detect a Upon its completion, the PortUguese of Angola's main exports. Verde Islands), which leads the move­ growing lassitude, a reluctance to take had hoped to settle one million whites ment there, claims to control nearly the initiative or do more than they in the area. The dam has been the three-quarters of the countryside of have to, until their time is up and focus of FRELIMO attacks. the largely swampy, triangular na­ they can get out of this raw, inhos­ multiplying war expenditures snagged Mozambique lies adjacent to Rho­ tion that is half the size of Maine. pitable African bush." Portugal's economy and fostered a desia and provides that land-locked The Portuguese, though, still control One depressed lieutenant told him, spate of domestic problems, including white-settler state with its closest route the towns. "The men are full up of war and Portu­ widespread opposition to the wars. to the sea. A major rail line from According to New York Times re­ gal is full of men who have lost legs According to the April 26 New York Rhodesia to the Mozambique port city porter Thomas Johnson, who recent­ and arms for a place we are going to Times, revulsion over the wars led of Beira has often been the target of ly made a trip into rebel-held terri­ lose one day anyway." 100,000 young Portuguese to become FRELIMO assaults. Twelve such at­ tory, PAIGC operates 122 schools, draft resisters. tacks have been reported this year, 117 health centers, 16 hospitals, and and FREL IMO claims to have wrested 17 trading centers. 'Overseas provinces' three of the country's eight districts Johnson writes, "I saw considerable Portugal euphemistically calls its from Portuguese control. May 25 protest evidence of the people's support for African colonies "overseas provinces." Since the coup, Rhodesian Prime General Ant6nio de Spinola's vow the African army. Repeatedly as our In addition to Angola, Mozambique, Minister Ian Smith has been keeping to keep Portugal in Africa is a party traveled through the jungle, men and Guinea-Bissau on the continent, a close watch on developments in Mo­ strong reason for building the and women came from nearby villages Portugal has island colonies off the zambique. Rhodesian guerrillas re­ broadest and largest possible Afri­ with food for us." African coast- Silo Tome, Principe, portedly have sometimes used Mozam­ can Liberation Day protests on He says the PAIGC has 10,000 and the Cape Verde islands. bique as a jump-off point for forays May 25. troops, one-third the size of the Portu­ During the seventeenth and eigh­ into Rhodesia. International opposition to Portu­ guese army stationed in the country. teenth centuries, Angola and Guinea The South African government is gal's wars, no doubt, played a role Last September, PAIGC announced provided a vital source of slaves for also keeping an ear to the ground. in spurring the coup. And African that the nation of 600,000 was de­ Liberation Day can have the effect claring its independence from Portu­ of stepping up the pressure by de­ gal. Since then, the rebel government manding that Portugal totally with­ has been recognized by 82 countries. draw from Africa and tnat there Guerrillas demand independence be no U.S. support to Portugal's Demoralization war effort. The Portuguese junta's spokesman, Ia's plans totally unacceptable and "Portugal's efforts to preserve her In an interview in the May Young General Ant6nio de Spinola, has are demanding a total withdrawal overseas territories produced a steady Socialist, Jorge Debele, the secre­ said the junta opposes an immediate of Portuguese troops and full inde­ demoralization that eroded Ahe coun­ tary of information of FREL IMO, cease-fire in its wars in Africa. pendence for Guinea-Bissau. try's political and social stability and compares the struggle against U.S. Spinola also opposes indepen­ Luis Cabral, brother of slain led to today's coup... ,"wrote Henry support to Portugal to the struggle dence for the colonies, and instead PAIGC leader Amilcar Cabral, said: Giniger in the April 26 New York against the Vietnam war. He says, calls for a federation of the Afri­ "Spinola talks a lot and he has been Times. "we give a great importance to the can territories to achieve what he known to make a lot of promises. But for all the demoralization and role that the American people can says will be "self-determination." He Rut we know that the only lan­ pessmusm that spurred the coup play. . . . They can prevent the has said that even this "self-deter­ guage he listens to comes from the d'etat in Portugual, among the whites U.S. government from supporting mination" will require a long period guns of our forces hitting him and in its African colonies, it is much Portugal. ... of preparation. hitting him and hitting him again." worse. "The actions of the American peo­ In 1973 he advocated "a Guinea In Angola, an MPLA statement Writing in the April 20 Johannes­ ple in opposing the U.S. war administered fundamentally by its declared, "This coup of generals burg Star, Wilf Nussey, one of its edi­ against the Vietnamese people was own sons within a Portuguese com­ aims only at perpetuating the ex­ tors, has this to say about the Portu­ one of the decisive factors in that munity." ploitation of the Angolan people guese colonists in Mozambique: struggle, along with the struggle PAIGC leaders have termed Spino- under another form." "Morale in Mozambique has sunk to of the Indochinese people." its lowest level since the war began

4 Junta tries to limit chang~ Portuguese rejoice at _end of dictatorship By CAROLINE LUND for political prisoners. Spinola warned that he would use The overturn of the dictatorship of Late that afternoon, Giniger reports, force against the growing mass dem­ Marcello Caetano has brought forth "leftist students seized on the new free­ onstrations to prevent "anarchy." a storm of political activity, discus­ dom to stage a demonstration starting Dictator Caetano and his top aides sion, and jubilation from the Portu­ in the Fossio, Lisbon's most popular were spirited away from the angry guese people. square. They marched up the broad crowds by the junta forces to the The military coup, headed by Avenida da Liberdade with banners resort island of Madeira. New York General Ant6nio de Spinola, set up a proclaiming power to the workers, the Times correspondent Malcolm Browne junta that promised the restitution of end of capitalist exploitation and described their situation as "living in civil liberties and "general elections colonial wars, free unions and the palatial luxury" and "hoping for the for a constituent national assembly," right to strike." best." which would "permit the nation to The following day, a Reuters dis­ Spinola and the other members of choose freely its own form of social patch reported, about 5,000 people the junta composed the top leadership and political life." Another promise gathered at the Caxias Prison to greet of the Portuguese armed forces, and of the junta was an end to the colonial political prisoners as they were re­ their class allegiances are no different wars in Africa, which had eroded the leased. from Caetano's. One of Spinola's first grip of the old regime, On April 28, Giniger reported that military experiences was as comman­ The lifting of the 40-year brutal dic­ "signs are appearing on office build­ der of a Portuguese volunteer detach­ tatorship of the late Ant6nio Salazar, ings announcing new 'free' unions as ment with Franco's fascist army in the Spanish civil war. He later re­ continued by Caetano, opened the members ousted governing bodies that ceived training with Nazi forces in the floodgates for the feelings and had been imposed by the former siege of Leningrad during World War opinions of the masses to be openly rulers." Both office workers and rail­ IL expressed for the first time in decades. road workers were organizing new Also, writes Times reporter Richard There was an explosion of long-sup­ unions. Eder, the junta will continue to employ pressed hatred for the regime and as­ 'Euphoria' secret police and will "try to make use pirations for freedom. of the technical experience of those SPINOLA: Trained under Franco and Hit­ The popular enjoyment of, and The coup "brought the populace sud­ agents who have kept their reputa­ ler. Led Portuguese troops in Africa. thirst for, democratic freedoms in the denly alive," wrote New York Times tions relatively clean." Political prison­ wake of the coup was so powerful that reporter Henry Giniger from Lisbon ers alleged to have committed terror­ reporters were also affected by the exacerbating popular discontent. A April26. ist acts have not been released. "People who had been noted for tim­ "euphoria," as they described it New York Times dispatch from Lis­ orous apathy massed, marched and Carnations, which became the sym­ bon stated, "Opposition forces became bol of the coup, were all over Lisbon, Wroth at secret pol ice increasingly radicalized in their think­ wrote New York Times reporter The secret police force, called the ing as Communists, Maoists, Trotsky­ Richard Eder. "Women were clutching Pide (acronym for International Police ists and Socialists ... took over from bunches of them, giving them to every­ for State Defense), has been a special moderate liberals." one they met and especially to the target for the wrath of the Portuguese Although promising an end to the soldiers who stood guard on the people. colonial war, Spinola's junta is not downtown streets. Under both Salazar and Caetano, ready to give up dominance over Por­ "The soldiers, country boys most this 3,000-strong force was supple­ tuguese colonies in Africa. The gen­ of them, with ill-fitting brown uni­ mented by thousands of informers eral hastened to make a statement forms, looked like walking bouquets. who infiltrated schools, factories, of­ that "self-determination should not be They wore carnations in their belts, fices, and even hospitals. They upheld confused with independence." their buttonholes, their berets. They the dictatorship through a reign of The first pronouncement by the jun­ carried them sprouting from the bar­ terror and torture. ta had explained its goal as "peace Since the coup, crowds have stormed among Portuguese of all races and rels of their rifles. One soldier assigned buildings where secret police are creeds" -which assumes that the M­ to direct traffic on a steep hill leading known to be hiding, demanding ven­ rican peoples of Angola, Mozambique, down to the port, signaled with great geance. They have been held off by and Guinea-Bissau are "Portuguese." sweeping gestures, a bunch of red armed guards of the junta. General Spinola himself came to flowers in each hand." Even the Spanish secret police are prominence as a hero of the colonial Describing the people's "almost thought to be somewhat tame com­ war for more than a decade, leading boisterous good humor and a newly pared with the brutality of the Pide, Portuguese troops in their brutal cam­ discovered expressiveness," Eder con­ whose apparatus was organized under paign against the Mrican rebel forces. tinued: the tutorship of the Nazi Gestapo in Concluding thatPortugaldoesnothave "Everyone in Lisbon is talking, and 1934. They operate abroad, among the resources to win the wars, Spinola what is more- to their own incredulity the Portuguese political exiles, as well favors what the imperialists call a -talking politics. In the streets, on as internally. more "enlightened" form of dominance the squares, a man will hold up a The key issue precipitating the over­ over the colonies-that is, a more newspaper, another man will look turn of Caetano was the government's disguised form. over his shoulder and soon a dozen 13-year-long colonial war to maintain Spinola proposes to force Angola, people are talking like old friends, dominance over Mozambique, Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau to each trying to tell the other just and Guinea-Bissau. The war was ab­ remain within a Portuguese common­ exactly what was wrong with the au­ sorbing nearly 40 percent of the gov­ wealth. This type of neocolonialism thoritarian regime under which the ernment's budget. More and more draft­ has long since been adopted by the country has lived for more than 40 age youth were refusing to serve in other major imperialist powers. Rec­ years." the army, with 50 percent not showing ognizing this, the New York Times "You have never seen Portugal like up in the last draft call. welcomed the Spinola coup editorially. this before," said one government clerk Spurred by military spending, in­ The imperialist organ referred to the in the midst of a discussion. crude colonial methods of Caetano as Soldiers in lisbon after coup flation soared to 20 percent last year, In a public square, Eder wrote, "a an "embarrassment" to other members police sergeant was backed against of the NATO alliance. his squad car, explaining to a group chanted, snatched the suddenly uncen­ of polite- but suspicious students why Strength of African rebels sored newspapers as soon as they ap­ the police had broken up so many But whatever the Portuguese imperi­ peared or strolled with transitor demonstrations in the past." alists have in mind, the downfall of radios at their ears. They showered In another square, "a burned-out Caetano represents an implicit recog­ food and drink on soldiers and car lay smashed, wheels up. A paper nition of the strength of the resistance gathered into animated discussion sign atop it, hand lettered, read: 'For struggle in Angola, Mozambique, and groups." Sale. Formerly owned by Pide' (the Guinea-Bissau. The coup, and the up­ Revolutionary fervor political police which the junta has surge of the Portuguese masses, are just abolishe.d). A single carnation bound to encourage the struggle both "The scene had a revolutionary fer­ waved from the rear axle." inside Portugal and in Mrica, against vor that few Portuguese had ever ex­ any form of imperialist domination perienced or could remember," Gini­ Wariness and for complete independence. ger wrote. But underneath the celebrations in Furthermore, the coup will give in­ Thousands gathered on the day of Lisbon there is a growing wariness spiration to Blacks in SouthMricaand the coup outside the barracks where about whether the junta will live up Rhodesia, whose white-supremacist re­ Caetano had retreated, shouting "As­ to its promises. gimes have in the past maintained a sassin!" It is becoming clear to many that joint command with Portuguese troops On April 26, the day after the coup, the new regime is not as much of a against the rebels in all three coun­ General Spinola announced an end break from the old order as the tries. And the granting of democratic to censorship, abolition of the hated masses are demanding. In addition rights inside Portugal will have im­ security police, freedom of assembly to announcing his refusal to grant Crowds celebrating downfall of Caetano p or tan t repercussions in neighboring and political association, and freedom independence to the African colonies, dictatorship. Spain as well.

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 5 Behind the Oval Office doors: Rallies conspiracy, cover-up, cynicism urge By LEO STANFORD and five days after its approval, Nix­ Congress When Nixon and the other crooks he on ordered the plan canceled. hangs around with in the White House The Huston plan is a major issue get together, they don't use words like in the suit against Nixon and other to impeach "truth," "patriotism," "justice," or "de­ government officials filed by the So­ mocracy." These phrases are strictly cialist Workers Party and the Young for public consumption. Socialist Alliance. The socialists In private, they are replaced with charge that the conspiracy to imple­ president a string of racial slurs, sexist epi­ ment the Huston plan led to stepped­ The growing momentum for im­ thets, and insults so vile that they have up "use of warrantless electronic sur­ peachment of Nixon produced dem­ been excised from the "transcripts" of veillance, unauthorized opening and onstrations in Washington, D. C., White House conversations released monitoring of mail, burglaries, and Chicago, and Los Angeles on April April 30. other illegal tactics against plaintiffs." 27. An estimated 10,000 people But even so, the printed versions In his March 13, 197 3, meeting with held a march and rally in the capi­ of these conversations are damning. Nixon, Dean referred to William Sul­ tal, organized by the National For one thing, they tear gaping holes livan, an ex-FBI official, who had Campaign to Impeach Nixon in the mystical shroud that still en­ been acting chairm.an of the group (NCIN). velopes "the Presidency," even after two that drew up the Huston plan. The NCIN, whose goal is to pres­ years of Watergate. Behind the shroud, Says Dean: "What Bill Sullivan's de­ sure Congress to impeach the pres­ the men meeting in the Oval Office sire in life is, is to set up a domestic ident, is supported by a variety of are simply a gang of liars, invoking national security intelligence system, radical and liberal groups. Among "executive privilege" and "national se­ a White House program. He says we them are the Communist Party; the curity" to cover up their crimes. are deficient. He says we have never War Resisters League; the New been efficient, because Hoover lost his 'Edited for good taste' American Movement; several Mao­ guts several years ago. If you recall ist groups, including the Revolu­ In a statement accompanying the he and Tom Huston worked on it. tionary Union and the Guardian documents, the White House said that Tom Huston had your instructions to newspaper; and several Democrat­ "expletives" had been "omitted in the go out and do it and the whole thing ic Party politicians, includirig Bella interest of good taste, except where just crumbled." (Emphasis added.) Abzug and Ron Dellums. necessary to depict accurately the con­ Nixon's response is described as Speakers at the Washington rally text of the conversation." Also deleted "inaudible." included Dave Dellinger, Beulah were "characterization of third per­ Sullivan, who was forced out of the Sanders of the National Welfare sons, in fairness to them, and other FBI by Hoover in late 1971, was the Rights Organization, Dolores Huer­ material not relating to the President's man who initiated the FBI's "Disrup­ ta of the United Farm Workers, conduct." tion Program" against the SWP in Representative Parren Mitchell (D­ The documents are studded with 1961. He was subsequently in charge Md.), Carol Kitchens of the NCIN, bracketed phrases such as "[expletive NIXON: [expletive deleted] of the FBI "counterintelligence" pro­ and Herbert X Blyden of the Attica deleted]," "[characterization deleted]," grams (CO INTELPRO) against the Brothers Legal Defensecommittee. and conveniently located notations of "new left" and the Black movement. The demonstration in Los An­ "(inaudible]," "(unintelligible]," and issue. But a few passages of particular Sullivan's name keeps cropping up geles, organized under the slogan "(material unrelated to Presidential ac­ interest stand out. in the conversation as Nixon and tions deleted]." "Unite Against Nixon," drew 2,000. The tapes leave no doubt that Nix­ Dean discuss getting him to make In Chicago, 1,000 marched to Unnamed "sources" told Washington on was a chief architect of the cover­ public information on the use of "Throw the Bum Out." Post reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob up. The frequent vigorous denials by bugging and other illegal acts by Many of the participants, especial­ Woodward that "the most offensive lan­ Nixon of his own involvemen( are Democratic presidents, particularly ly in Washington and Los Angeles, guage in the tapes had been excised belied by his participation in detailed Lyndon Johnson. were interested in the campaign ma­ as 'irrelevant' by the President. discussions of how to continue the 'National security' dodge terials and other socialist literature "These portions, the sources said, cover-up. Take this excerpt from the The conversations prove beyond a displayed by supporters of Socialist are known to contain prolonged, vi­ March 21 meeting, for example. doubt that the president's favorite Workers Party candidates. Socialist tuperative, verbal attacks on individ­ Dean has been talking about the excuse for illegal acts, the claim of uals, including some remark that need to continue paying off theW ater­ "national security," was just another White House officials fear might be gate burglars for their silence. He is cover-up trick. interpreted as anti-Semitic." nervous about what happens if "this In the March 21 meeting, Nixon, thing ever blows." Dean, and Haldeman discussed how There can be no doubt that the Nixon: Sure. The whole concept of to keep the lid on the break-in at Ells­ editing was done not only to eliminate Administration justice. Which we can­ berg's psychiatrist's office. damaging epithets, but to paint the not have! Nixon: What is the answer on this? president in the best possible light vis­ Dean: That is what .really troubles How you keep it out, I don't know. a-vis impeachment. Referring to Nix­ me. For example, what happens if it You can't keep it out if Hunt talks. on's contention that "I know what I starts breaking, and they do find a You see the point is irrelevant. It has meant," one White House oUicial said: criminal case against a Haldeman, gotten to this point- "The House wants to know what he a Dean, a Mitchell, an Ehrlichman? Dean, trying to be helpful, interrupts: said, and the President wants to tell That is- You might put it on a national secur­ them what he meant ... or what he Nixon interrupts: If it really comes ity grounds basis. meant to say." down to that, we would have to [un­ Haldeman, liking the idea, chimes Because the transcripts became intelligible] some of the men. in: It absolutely was. available only shortly before Militant Dean: That's right. I am coming Dean, developing the idea: And say press time, a detailed analysis of their down to what I really think, is that that this was- contents will have to wait for a future Bob and John and John Mitchell and Haldeman: [unintelligible] CIA. 1 can sit down and spend a day, or Dean laughs. "Seriously," Haldeman Washington, D.C., impeachment demon­ however long, to figure out one, how says. stration. this can be carved away from you, Nixon likes the idea: National se­ so that it does not damage you or the curity. We had to get information for Presidency. It just can't. You are not national security grounds. literature tables were very popular, involved in it and it is something you Dean sees only one potential prob­ and more than 500 copies of The shouldn't- lem: Then the question is, why didn't Militant and 260 of the Young So­ Nixon: That is true! the CIA do it or why didn't the FBI cialist newspaper were sold to dem­ Dean: I know, sir. I can just tell do it? onstrators. from our conversations that these are "Because we had to do it on a con­ Many expressed agreement with things that you have no knowledge fidential basis," suggests Nixon. the socialist view that impeachment of. "Because we were checking them," presents no solution to the prob­ Nixon: You certainly can! Huggings, agrees Haldeman. lems confronting the American peo­ etc! Nixon: Neither could be trusted. ple. What is needed is a movement The Huston spy plan Haldeman: It has basically never that can end the bipartisan policies been proven. There was reason to that are designed to protect the rule One area that the "transcripts" shed question their position. of a tiny minority. new light on is the status of the 1970 Nixon, warming to the gambit: With To bring an end to the govern­ secret spy plan drawn up by Tom the born bing thing coming out and ment of secrecy, lies, repression, Charles Huston. Nixon claims that everything coming out, the whole thing and corruption, we need the replace­ this admittedly illegal plan was never was national security. ment not of Nixon by Ford, but DEAN: 'I can just tell these are things implemented. He says that FBI boss Dean: I think we could get by on the replacement of rule by the mi­ you have no knowledge of, sir.' J. Edgar Hoover objected to the plan, that. nority of exploiters-the capitalists -with rule by the majority-the working class and Blacks and other oppressed nationalities.

6 Nixon lose§ more grouad Impeachment drive moves toward finale By LARRY SEIGLE "Deplorable as streh ac.ts may be. First there are pictures of one of says one source close to the commit­ those mammoth moving vans, backed tee, the panel would probably have a up to a rear entrance of the White hard time countering Mr. Nixon's House, while brawny men load the claims that national security necessi­ van with the Nixon family posses­ tated some, if not all, of them." sions . ... In other words, the committee doesn't Then the cameras swing to the want to impeach Nixon for crimes front portico of the White House, of which the Demoerats have been the .great doors open, and the fam­ equally guilty. Because the Judiciary iliar, ungainly figure of the ruined Committee, like the entire Congress, President appears, with his wife at is made up of those who accept the his side. The ex-President stops on need to defend the "national security"­ the portico for a "few last words": meaning the security ofcapitalistrule­ "My fellow Americans . . . peace they are not inclined to press too hard . . . great country . . . God bless on the undemocratic methods of rule America and God bless you all ... " that Watergate has brought to light. Nixon's last topes Newsweek columnist Stewart Al­ Given the growing consensus among sop, the author of the above sce­ nario, claims it is "unlikely" it will the capitalist rulers favoring an im­ peachment trial as the best way to become a reality. But as the Water-• cover up what Watergate has exposed gate events continue to unfold, the JUDICIARY COMMITTEE'S HUTCHINSON, HUNGATE & RODINO: Looking to impeach­ about the fraud of American "democ­ scene looks more and more probable~ ment as best way out for capitalist rulers. racy," it is unlikely that Nixon's latest The evidence is that the rulers of countermoves can turn things around. this country have made up their His release of laundered "transcripts" minds to go through with the im­ of White House conversations may peachment of Nixon. icy as a result," Gwertzman wrote. ple are looking forward to seeing the Even the Stalinist bureaucrats in the impeachment debate for themselves. only hasten the impeachment. Accord­ A survey of Congress by the Chi­ ing to reporters Bob Woodward and cago Sun- Times found that "more Kremlin, who have until now stood "This is the show of the century," said steadfastly. by the side of the Mad one historian. "It belongs to the pub­ Carl Bernstein, Nixon was warned than a majority of the House either against his course by senior Republi­ Bomber in the White House, are pre­ lic. They elected President Nixon, and believes President Nixon should be cans of both houses and his own im­ paring for a changing of the guard they have every right to observe what impeached on currently available evi­ peachment lawyer, James St. Clair. in Washington. "Publicly they still sup­ happens to him." dence or is leaning toward an im­ These advisers told Nixon that his peachment vote." port the President and accuse his But some powerful ruling-class critics of being against improved re­ voices are raised on the other side. action "will increase the likelihood that lations, but privately they appear to be James Reston, senior pundit at the -if not for other reasons- he will be weighing alternatives and are saying New York Times, recently devoted two impeached for failing to comply fully that detente is not based on individ­ columns to explaining why live TV with the House subpoena." 'Die is cast' uals," the Times reported. coverage would weaken the "orderly Nor is the victory scored by ad­ Wilbur Mills (D-Ark) declared, sys.tem of the American Government." ministration forces in the side battle of the Mitchell-Stan§~ trial likely to "There is no doubt in my mind that Bipartisan foreign policy This is a time, Reston argues, "for there are enough votes for the articles change many votes in Washington. Decision-makers in capitals around doing whatever keeps the emotional of impeachment in the House." Says In fact, the whole impeachment effort the world understand quite well one level down and maintains as calm Republican Senator Charles Percy of is taking on a more and more bi­ point many Americans, including some and judicial an atmosphere as possible, Illinois: the "die is pretty much now partisan complexion. Nixon flunky of those who consider themselves so that members of Congress can vote cast." Dean Burch ventured out to speak to radicals, are confused about: the for­ on the ~vidence rather than responding Working to soothe the concerns of the Republican National Committee. eign policy of American imperialism to the pressures.... " those who fear thatimpeachmentmight Lou Cannon reported in the April is essentially bipartisan, backed by Reston is concerned that TV cover­ disrupt U.S. diplomatic relations, the 27 Washington Post that the party both the Democratic and Republican age might encourage people to think New Y ark Times published a survey officials "politely applauded the prom­ parties. that it is up to them, not to the Con­ of opinion abroad compiled by its ise that the White House would turn Joseph Harsch, writing in the April gress, to decide whether Nixon stays foreign correspondents. "Many foreign over the long-awaited evidence to the 26 Christian Science Monitor under or goes. He reminds the Times read­ leaders have concluded that President [House Judiciary] committee. But the the subhead "Presidents may come, ers that the impeachment mechanism Nixon will probably have to leave national committee sat in complete si­ presidents may go ..." points out that is not a democratic referendum, but office because of his Watergate-related lence when Burch proclaimed that the there "has been substantial continuity. a procedure left solely to Congress. problems," summed up Bernard President and the party were tied to­ in American foreign policy ever since This may be "undemocratic," Reston Gwertzman in the April 20 Times. gether by bonds of loyalty that could World War II." concedes, but "it was the assumption "Although the possibility of his de­ of the Founding Fathers that the peo­ not be separated." Harsch notes that "the evidence is After this icy response, Burch hastily parture has aroused concern in some ple were sovereign in deciding between by this time conclusive that a change dropped from his speech some of the countries, the correspondents reported, candidates for President and Congress, from Richard Nixon to Gerald Ford more boisterous phrases in the pre­ leading figures in many capitals are but that most things were too compli­ would cause almost negligible change pared text, including the call for "a already resigned to a change in the cated in a vast continental country in U.S. foreign policies.... new Republican majority to be built" White House and do not expect a to be decided by referendum or popu­ "The reconciliation with China, the and the claim that "our candidates marked shift in American foreign pol- lar vote." detente with the Soviet Union, and the can run as Nixon Republicans and The task now is to let this system search for a stable peace in the Middle they can win as Nixon Republicans." East are all substantially bipartisan." "work as objectively as possible, with­ out turning the Capitol into a sta­ The continuity of ii1~erialist policy FBI memos on favoring detente as a means of damp­ dium ...." ening and containing the world revo­ 8/ackmov't lution was further underlined by Sen­ Due to the broad interest in the re­ ator Edward Kennedy's well-publi­ 'Narrowing the focus' cently released FBI documents on cized campaign tour to Moscow. Cranking up the impeachment ma­ "disrupting'' and "neutralizing" the Brezhnev went out of his way to chinery also involves refining the char­ Black movement, The Militant has show that he understands bipartisan ges Nixon will be faced with. Last made available a reprint of ma­ politics very well. He extended the week the legal staff of the House Ju­ terial from our March 22 issue. Democratic presidential contender a diciary Committee narrowed its list The reprint includes the article four-hour private meeting. "Normally of potential charges from 56 to 37. "FBI memos detail government plot only heads of government or big dele­ But of those remaining, many are to crush Black movemenr and the gations get so much of the 67-year­ likely to be axed at a· future date. partially censored FBI documents old General Secretary's time," observed For example, the Nixon administra­ outlining the COINTELPRO opera­ the New York Times Moscow corre­ tion's use of secret police against White tions against Black leaders and spondent Hedrick Smith. " ... Presi­ House "enemies" is still on the list. groups such as the Black Panther dent Nixon's deepening Watergate But it is highly unlikely that the im­ Party. problems have no doubt given the peachment proceedings will bring to The reprint is four Militant-sized Soviet leaders greater than normal light even a small part of the illegal pages. The cost of bulk orders is: interest in talking with prominent surveillance and harassment carried 4¢ each for 500 or more Democrats." out under the Nixon administration. 5¢ each for 100 to 499 As John Pierson explains in the April 6¢ each for 50 to 99 Impeachment on TV? 26 Wall Street Journal, "the committee 7¢ each for 10 to 49 In Washington, the focus of discus­ may be reluctant to try to bring Mr. 10¢ each for 5 or less sion has shifted from whether to im­ Nixon to court in the Senate on a Send orders to Militant Business peach, to how it should be done. One charge of ordering the White House Office, 14 Charles Lane, New York, question being debated in the capital­ 'plumbers' and other agents to spy N.Y. 10014. Telephone: (212) 929- ist press is whether the proceedings on U.S. citizens unfriendly to his ad­ 3486. should be televised. The Americanpeo- ministration. . . .

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 7 New gains for communit)! slate Sears N.Y. District 1 campaign intensifies strikers By KATHERINE SOJOURNER trol views long ago earned Shanker's NEW YORK- The largest union in disdain. Shanker has tried to whip New York City has endorsed the pro­ up a hysteria among teachers and the stand firm, community-control slate for school white residents, painting Fuentes as board in Manhattan's District 1. an "extremist," a "racist," and anti­ District Council 37 of the American Semitic. talks open Federation of State, County and Mu­ Shanker recently told teacher dele­ nlcipai Employees (AFSCME), repre­ gates to a city-wide delegate assembly senting more than 120,000 municipal that he had visited a District 1 school workers, has joined a growing list last year and found that "half the in D.C. By JEFFREY MACKLER supporters of the Por los Nitios teachers had been driven out by m SAN FRANCISCO- The 300 militant (For the Children) slate in the May Fuentes's henchmen." strikers of Retail Clerks Local 1100 14 election. Shanker urged the teachers to cam­ are standing firm as their battle with Ninety-three percent of the students paign for the "Brotherhood" slate, the giant conglomerate Sears Corpor­ in District 1 are Puerto Rican, Black, adding: "Extremism has been defeated or Chinese. The Por los Nitios slate all over the city. There is only one ation enters its ninth month. was screened and endorsed by the place where the extremists can make A new element in the strike has been presidents of the parent associations a comeback. If the Fuentes supporters the opening of talks in Washington, in the Lower East Side district. win this election, they may be in your D.C., under Nixon's chief mediator, The 'nine candidates (five Puerto school next!" William Usery. SPOCK: Supports Por los Ninos slate Ricans, two Blacks, one Chinese, and . A teacher spoke against endorsing Before these talks, Sears refused vir­ one white) are being opposed by a the "Brotherhood" slate. He called the tually all negotiations and mediation predominantly white slate, the "Broth­ with all the views of these candidates, assembly's · attention to the Por los efforts. Confident that it could erush erhood" slate, endorsed by the racist we feel their actions and program Nifios campaign platforms (whichhad this small group of stubborn strik­ leadership of the United Federation speak to the needs of both teachers been distributed as the teachers enter­ ers, the Sears national management of Teachers. Albert Shanker is presi­ and students.... We call on all mem­ ed), and pointed out that its demands moved to destroy Local 1100 as they dent of the UFT. bers of the UFT to support the Por were just and exactly what the schools had done with many other unions James Wechsler, an editor of the los Nifl.os slate." need. The final vote was about 300 in past years. New York Pos~ indicating a favor­ Por los Nifios has drawn broader to 50 in favor of Shanker's motion But Sears did not expect Local 1100 able attitude to the Por los Nifios support and endorsement than the pre­ to endorse the "Brotherhood" slate. to fight back in the manner it has. slate, wrote in a recent column: "Last vious community slates in District 1 James Wechsler's column contained Local 1100 took a course of action December Federal Judge Charles E. elections. a good summation of Shanker's mo­ that brought it support from broad Stewart Jr., in a notable, comprehen­ The struggle during the past year tives: "Albert Shanker may well feel sections of the labor movement. sive and inadequately heralded opin­ against the Shankerite board has of­ a large stake in the contest. . . . he These actions included the calling. ion, overturned the victory ofthe UFT­ ten focused the eyes of the city on has long seen himself as defender of of meetings of union supporters, reg­ backed slate in the last balloting [May District 1. Increasing sympathy has western civilization against what he ular picket lines, sit-in demonstrations, 1, 1973] because of widespread 'ir­ been registered for the struggle of portrays as the barbarous Fuentes and an educational campaign geared regularities.'" the Puerto Rican, Black, and Chinese hordes. Envisaging bigger things, per- to win support from other unions. Wechsler went on to add: "I talked communities against racism in the As the Washington negotiations be­ with four of them [Por los Niiios can­ schools and for a direct say in the gan, Local 1100 moved to strengthen didates] the other day, and the serious­ education of their children. Many New its picket lines. On April 13, for ex­ ness and responsibility of their words Yorkers have been repelled by the ample, nearly 300 picketers virtually bear no resemblance to the stereo­ repeated racist attacks on the Lower closed down the San Francisco stores. types of 'far-out extremists' ,..... or worse East Side parents and students by After nine months it is clear that -that may soon be applied to them Shanker and the city government. Local 1100 is still very much alive. by UF T mimeograph machines." Until just recently, the Shankerite Unfortunately, the Sears Strategy Com~ Dr. Benjamin Spock, former presi­ slate had done virtually no campaign­ mittee, a group of top officials charged dential candidate of the People's Par­ ing for the May 14 election. They t, \\.\ by the San Francisco Labor Council ty and noted author and pediatrician, claimed for several weeks to be await­ l.\\\\ with developing an action program to ing the results of the appeal by the N"' .. \ ~- ·. ' .. endorsed the community slate in a ~ "''. . ~: support Local 1100, has sat on its letter in which he said of the District city and the UFT challenging the oust­ t·.hJ hands since its formation several ('- t )\~ ·•-"' / 1 parents, "They are the ones who ing of the board illegally elected last \ ,.~- .. /,. < months ago. Thus, 1100's proposal know what their children are getting May. '·>··' \'\_.. \ ·.• l. / . ,) for a city-wide mass meeting of the and what they are not getting." On April 24, the U.S. Court of Ap­ \ ~ ·\ --~,,~ labor movement, though adopted by Other prominent endorsers include peals affirmed the ousting ofthe board, ~: the San Francisco Labor Council, re­ Luis Olmedo, city councilman from and shortly afterward the first cam­ mains unimplemented, while the coun­ Brooklyn; Cesar Perales, Puerto Ri­ paign leaflet from the Shankerite \lj\!\\J·~ ...... ·.... U ' cil finds one excuse after another for can Legal Defense Fund; Nat Hen­ "Committee for Eff~tive Education" ""'.···.t)· .••• ·.""•.·• .~.··!;··.·.··.·.' .. ·.·.·.'.·· ~.· inaction. was seen in the district. It said: "Just toff, columnist for the Village Voic~ (\tf">"••······· 1 But the last word on Local 1100's Don Hazen of People Against Racism imagine what our schools could be. v\\Sb ... ,--~ .-.;;?~~~'(..~ ··• ·ra.·•.·•.··.··.··.•·······.········ _.' -.-.: .. -.-··_ ·-:- --.·...... battle is not in. . . . If only we had a school super­ in Education; and Yolanda Sanchez, The mere fact that federal mediation intendent who did not divide our com­ Militant/Michael Baumann director of City College Puerto Rican is now in progress is an indication munity. You have the power to make 'Forward with Fuentes. We will not take studies. that the strike has had an impact- on In addition, two dozen teachers and the schools what we all want them to a step backwards.' Sears and on the rest of the Bay Area paraprofessionals from District 1 have be.VOTEBROTHERHOOrn" labor movement. While 1100's struggle signed a letter endorsing the commu­ The "divisive" school superintendent haps ultimately including the presi­ may not now result in a stunning vic­ nity-control slate. The letter reads: "Al­ referred to in this leaflet is Luis dency of the AFL-CIO, he will pre­ tory, it may very well bring a settle­ though we do not necessarily agree Fuentes, whose pro-community-con- sumably once again heavily invest ment that recognizes the union and pro­ the union's resources in a feverish vides the basis for future battles. crusade. In Shanker's self-absorbed r ' world, the district looms as a test Rep. Koch flip-flops on District 1 of his power and ambition." In Shanker's paid column in the Congressman Edward Koch, who Teachers. The slander has been re­ April 28 New York Times, he goes is being challenged by Socialist peated by many Democratic and so far as to say "the future of our city" Workers Party candidate Katherine Republican politicians who want to depends on the election of the UFT­ Sojourner in the 18th C. D. in Man­ duck the issue of racism in District backed slate. hattan, has a special talent for 1 schools and the right of the op­ Supporters of the Por los Niiios slate coming down on both sides of an pressed communities in the Lower are doing everything possible to hand issue. East Side to control the education Shanker a defeat on May 14. Tens At a "Town Hall" meeting April of their children. of thousands of leaflets in English, 25 at the New School for Social Spanish, and Chinese have been dis­ Research, the liberal Democrat was Koch qualified his remarks for tributed, the Por los Nifl.os candidates asked by a Sojourner campaign those in the audience who knew that are meeting parents in front of the supporter if he would endorse the a commission had cleared Fuentes schools each day, the candidates have "Por los Nitios" slate in the May 14 of this charge months ago. After discussed the struggle for community school board election in District 1, that, however, apparently thinking control on a number of radio and tele­ and if he supports the struggle of the slander is still good for some vision programs, and a major push Puerto Ricans, Blacks, and Chinese mileage, he added, "I wouldn't with motorcades, sound trucks, and for community control of the choose Fuentes to be a school rallies is planned for the homestretch schools in that district. superintendent." Then, no doubt Koch, making a play for the con­ with the Puerto Rican vote in mind, of the campaign. servative Jewish vote, replied, "Per­ Koch said, "But if the parents want Volunteers are urged to go to 34 Militant/Howard Petrick sonally, I think Luis Fuentes is an him, that is their right." Avenue B (at Third Street) or call anti-Semite," reviving an old slan­ Sojourner has been an active sup­ (212) 673-8322. Weekly campaign der first aired by Albert Shanker, porter of the Por los Nifios slate­ planning meetings are held each Sun­ '-head of the United Federation of without any double-talk. day night at 7:30 p.m. at the same address.

8 Alioto gushes 'Zebra' hv.steria Victory for SF Blacks: court bars dragnet ByMARKZOLA or killers responsible, the police claim, SAN FRANCISCO- In a significant for the deaths of 12 whites in San victory for the Black community here, Francisco since last November. Hun­ a federal district court has ordered the dreds if not thousands of Black men police to halt their wholesale question­ were stopped and harassed during the ing of Black men on San Francisco dragnet. streets. The court decision came after a week The April 25 order by Judge Al­ of steadily increasing protest. Group fonso Zirpoli ruled the police drag­ after group spoke out against the rac­ net unconstitutional. The decision came ist attack. Black policemen, psychia­ in response to suits filed by the NA- trists, and churchmen demanded an end to the "Zebra" operation. Even a group of Black Alioto ap­ AS WE GO TO PRESS: More than pointees, who at first had backed his 100 heavily armed San Francisco move, felt compelled to withdraw their police staged a series of early support in order to maintain some morning raids May 1 on homes credibility in the Black community. in the Black community. Seven 'We are not slaves!' Black men were arrested and Demonstrators hit racist stop·and-search operation by San Francisco cops The evening before Judge Zirpoli's charged with murder or con­ ruling, more than 400 people gathered spiracy to commit murder. at Glide Memorial Church for a "Rally Mayor Joseph Alioto, continu­ messages of support had been received the Black Panthers and Black Mus­ to Defend Black Men and Women." from around the country as well as lims. ing his drive to enflame racist It was the broadest Black oommunity from other parts of the world. After the police attack on the Mus­ hysteria around the 'Zebra' shoot­ meeting held in San Francisco in re­ "We demand to be treated as men lims last February, a Berkeley police ings, declared that the men were cent years. and women, not as slaves!" Williams memorandum came to light that urged part of 'a vicious ring of murder­ Speakers represented the NAACP, told the cheering crowd. He and many police to "generate cause for arrest" Welfare Rights Organization, ACLU, other speakers declared that Mayor of Muslims. The speakers at the PRDF ers called the Death Angels' and United Black Educational Caucus, Alioto was using the "Zebra" killings news conference demanded that the that 'decapitation and other forms Postal Street Academy, Black Panther to try to intimidate the Black com­ San Francisco, Berkeley, and Oakland of mayhem bring special credit Party, Officers for Justice, Black Wo­ munity- to brand the community as a police open their files and reveal all men Organized for Action, San Quen­ from the organization for the whole responsible for the killings and such documents. killers.' tin Six Defense Committee, United Pris­ for crime in general. oners Union, Delancey Street Founda­ The news conference received exten­ Other speakers linked the dragnet sive coverage in the Bay Area media. tion, and many other groups. to recent police attacks on the Black ACP and the American Civil Liber­ Aileen Hernandez, former president Anger over the racist "Zebra" oper­ Panther Party in Oakland, the shoot­ ation is still widespread in the Black ties Union. of the National Organization for Wo­ ing and arrests of members of the community. On April 26- the day af­ The police department announced men, and Vic Washington of the San Nation of Islam in Berkeley, and the ter Judge Zirpoli's order-150 Blacks it will appeal the court order. Francisco 49ers football team also police killing of 14-year-old Tyrone The stop-and-search operation had held a militant protest at city hall spoke. The rally was chaired by teach­ Guyton. been launched a week earlier by May­ er activist Yvonne Golden. here demanding, "Cops out of our Contrary to Alioto's "crime in the or Joseph Alioto. Its ostensible aim Reverend Cecil Williams, delivering community!" and "Alioto must go!" streets" demagogy, it is in fact Black was to catch the so-called Zebra killer the main speech at the rally, said that The demonstration was organized by people who walk the streets every day the Postal Street Academy, a school in danger of being assaulted- not by for Black youth. a hypothetical "Zebra" psychopath, but by the racist police force. Background of struggle The response to the "Zebra" dragnet PRD F news conference reflected a militancy that had been The same day as the meeting at growing in the Black community over Glide Church, the Political Rights De­ the past several months. fense Fund sponsored a news confer­ Black parents have spearheaded a ence to publicize the suit by the So­ campaign against the racist board of cialist Workers Party and Young So­ education in an effort to improve the cialist Alliance against government quality of their children's education. Water gating. Board of education meetings have at­ Speakers were Robert Chrisman, edi­ tracted up to 1,000 people. tor of the Black Scholar; Maceo Dixon, Black hospital workers were one of cochairman of the Socialist Workers the most militant groups in the pub­ Party 1974 National Campaign Com­ lic employees' strike here in March. mittee; and James Lewis, SWP can­ In addition, the solidarity shown by didate for California controller. the Municipal Railway drivers, most They related the recent exposure of of whom are Black, helped guaran­ FBI "counterintelligence programs" tee the effectiveness of the shutdown. aimed against Black organizations and This background of rising struggles Militant/Howard Petrick socialists to the .attacks on the Bay also points to the fact that the mas­ Political Rights Defense Fund news conference links 'Zebra' scare to FBI plots against so­ Area Black community, including the sive police operation was primarily in­ cialists and Black movement. Left to right: RobertChrisman, James Lewis, Maceo Dixon. "Zebra" operation and the attacks on Continued on page 22

Harassment of Black groups through­ wearing bulletproof vests sealed off officials brought to justice for shooting out California has continued with the Oak Park, a predominantly Black sec­ up all these organizations like the Black More cop arrest of four members of the Nation tion of Sacramento, for six hours. Panthers. It's time for a change. It's of Islam in Sacramento and 14 mem­ Cops were placed on rooftops sur­ time for a complete change." bers of the Black Panther Party in rounding the Nation of Islam's Tem­ Maceo Dixon, cochairman of the So­ attacks on Oakland. ple Number 73. Stores and city of­ cialist Workers Party 1974 National Two hundred Black people rallied fices were forced to close down. Hun­ Campaign Committee, attended the ral­ in Sacramento April 26 to protest the dreds of Blacks came out into the ly to show his support for the victim­ California arrest of the Muslims. They are charged streets to protest this assault. ized Muslims. with murder and attempted murder of The April 26 rally was called by Meanwhile, Oakland police were several whites shot in late April. the Nation of Islam to protest the forced to drop all charges against Black Sacramento cops are trying to pre­ arrest of the four brothers and gain 14 Black Panther Party members ar­ sent these shootings as having some support for their defense. A broad rested April 16 in an early morning connection with the so-called Zebra cross section of the Black community raid on a house where the 14 lived. groups killings in San Francisco. So far not was represented on the speakers' plat­ The Panthers had been charged with a shred of evidence has been produced form. conspiracy and possession of illegal to back this up. The president of the Sacramento NA­ weapons and drugs, but the district The arrested Muslims are Emery ACP pointed to the Watergate revela­ attorney's office could not come up Hanson, 25; Russell Lang, 19; Dale tions and said that this attack was with any evidence. McKinney, 24; and Larry Pratt, 19. consistent with other government ac­ Panther leader Bobby Seale de­ AU are being held without bail. tivity. "Now we see what the govern­ nounced the arrests as "the same old On April 24 some 300 cops armed ment really does," he commented. "We're type of harassment" and an attempt with rifles and submachine guns and going to see a lot of these government to discredit the Black Panther Party.

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 9 In Our Opinion Letters

Out of prison Prisoners Fund I have waited too long to write to In your letters column I recently you people since my release from read of another prisoner in this state MayDay prison in February. I thought who was not allowed to send money I should let you know. how we to subscribe to The Militant. Some May 1 is the international holiday of the working class, a came out on the lawsuit [suit time ago I learned that it seems to day to celebrate the struggle against capitalist exploitation against banning The Militant and be a uniform measure throughout and oppression. Recent struggles in widely separated parts of violation of postal regulations]. I am the state penal system not to allow sad to say we lost the case, but the us to send money to what they the world confirm that the revolutionary traditions of May pressure it drew forced the institution­ term "rad1cal publications." So, all Day remain alive despite its routine observance in many al "gestapo" to let The Militant and of us who are in such desperate countries on the part of the trade-union movement and the other related material enter the need of what a paper such as The mass reformist parties. prison. Militant produces-truth-must rely One of the first responses to the fall of the Caetano dictator­ I am enclosing $1 for three solely upon the complimentary subs ship in Portugal was the call for massive May Day demon­ months of The Militant until I can made available by the Prisoners strations, the first in 46 years. afford $5 for a full year's subscrip­ Fund. In Quebec, thousands of workers marched May 1 against tion. A prisoner inflation and for regular wage increases tied to the rise in To my comrades in prison: New York the cost of living. Carry on the fight! · In Japan, millions of workers rallied, many reportedly Roby ip Piedas [The Militant's special Prisoner Fund demanding an end to the Tanaka government Marion, Iowa makes it possible for us to send com­ Two hundred thousand people are reported to have marched plimentary or reduced-rate subscrip­ through the streets of Damascus, Syria, calling for continued tions to prisoners who can't pay for them. To help out, send your con­ struggle against the colonial settler-state of Israel. Airline worlters tribution to Militant Prisoner Fund, In the- United States, where May Day originated in 1886 A few of us airline workers at 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. during the fight for the eight-hour day, the workers holiday 0' Hare Airport in Chicago are 10014.] is not widely celebrated. attempting to start an airline workers The capitalist rulers, with the help of their lieutenants in newsletter. This newsletter will the trade-union bureaucracy, have done their best to stamp attempt to bridge the communica­ Corredion out the tradition of May Day. "Law Day" and "Loyalty Day" tion gap of workers who are We appreciate The Militant's con­ have usurped the place of the workers holiday. Similarly, separated by (in) different unions, tinuing coverage of the work of the on the electoral front, vacuous slogans about electing Demo­ different airlines, and different loca­ Political Rights Defense Fund in cratic Party politicians to a "veto-proof Congress" have re­ tions. building support for the suit against placed the concept of independent political action by labor. We've read a few of your articles Nixon and the Watergate gang. The meaning of May Day is a simple truth: that the working in The Militant on the Stewardesses However, in recent articles you mis­ for Women's Rights and were class has no interests in common with the capitalist class. takenly reported that the Reverend wondering if you could get us an Jesse Jackson and former congress­ The exploited and the exploiters can no more be represented address where we could get in man Allard Lowenstein have en­ by the same holidays than by the same political parties. touch with them. dorsed the PRDF. To avoid any Their interests are contradictory, their traditions are contra­ We feel the stewardesses would be misunderstandings, we would ap­ dictory, and their ideals are contradictory. interested because, as you probably preciate it if you would call this May Day will once again come into its own in the land know, stewardesses and women em­ error to the attention of your read­ of its birth as working people find their economic interests ployees who work for the airlines ers. and human rights at odds with the capitalist status quo. get most of management's flak and Cathy Perkus Shortages of essential goods, skyrocketing inflation, rising in general are given a hard time. Political Rights Defense Fund unemployment, racial oppression, the degradation of women F.S. New York, N.Y. -all will impel ever larger numbers of working people to Chicago, fll. question the sanctity of capitalist rule and struggle to change In reply- The address is Stew­ it. ardesses for Women's Rights, P. 0. Box 3235, Alexandria, Va. 22302. A local vendeHa? I went to visit a friend of mine in prison in Arizona. He was one of Something for everyone several Black militants around the Free Grigorenko! Afro-American Unity organization I disagree with some of your stands, who was framed up on false rape, The Soviet bureaucracy, adding one more crime to a seeming­ like on religion and Israel, but kidnapping, etc., charges from ly endless list, persists in trying to break former major general you give pretty good news that I 1968 on. We used to think it was Pyotr Grigorenko. can't easily get from other papers a local vendetta organized by the This 67-year-old fighter for socialist democracy has been - i. e., the FBI memos. Please send local police. We had several defense imprisoned in a psychiatric cell for more than four years and me The Militant for one full year. cases, but eventually the men were M. V. denied even pencil and paper. Although in danger of going all put in prison. The FBI revela­ Ann Arbor, Mich. totally blind and denied proper medical care, he has refused to tions put a new light on those renounce his ideas. frame-ups. As Grigorenko explained in December 1968, "I am a Com­ Betsy McDonald munist and, as such, I hate with every fiber of my being the World War II veteran Tucson, {triz. organs of caste lawlessness, violence, and coercion. In our The New York Times has joined country this means the organization created by Stalin and Ralph Nader and the liberal maga­ now called the KGB [Committee for State Security- the secret zine Nation to pit the Vietnam En I ightenment veterans against the World War II police]." All I can say is- thank you for re­ veterans. Nader claims that 40 per­ May 7 has been named as a day of solidarity with this cour­ lieving me of some of my ignorance. ageous revolutionist. An appeal by Soviet dissidents Andrei cent of the Veterans Administration budget is allotted to "nonservice" con­ Robin Bruce Sakharov and Pavel Litvinov, exiled Czechoslovak Commu­ nected pensions and "nonservice" Boca Raton, Fla. nist Jiri Pelikan, and Ken Coates and Chris Farley of the hospital treatment for aged World Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation has called on "socialists, War II veterans. That's why, he communists, democratic and humanitarian organizations and infers, the Vietnam veterans are A lot of basics individuals" to join that day in "a world-wide initiative of pro­ being cheated. Recently I attended a mandatory test meetings and petitions in solidarity with Pyotr Grigorenko He would give benefits only to human relations course at my [Air and all the other victims of politically motivated incarceration those "service connected" and let the Force] base. The instructor was a in mental hospitals and prisons." rest go on "welfare." It is now pos­ well-informed brother who enlight­ Freedom for Pyotr Grigorenko! sible for a veteran over 65, with an ened me to The Militant. The class For the reestablishment of workers democracy in the USSR! income of $2,500 yearly, to get a brought out a lot of basics not Leninism yes! Stalinism no! "nonservice" connected pension. Also, found in the normal sensationalized any veteran who is mentally sick or press and news media. I would much disabled can get a "nonservice" con­ appreciate any literature concerning nected pension. freedom of the races and subscriptions Let us fight to increase and to your magazine. broaden benefits for all veterans of A reader all wars. Cut the Pentagon budget. Michigan Stop aid to Israel and South Viet­ nam. Fight inflation. A WW II veteran New York, N. Y.

10 The Great Society· Harry Ring

Albizu Campos Projection, they call it?- Inviting $240, plus expenses, for a gig. Shopping tip-A University of the delegates to the Daughters of That's just for an appearance. Rhode Island class in sensory On April 21 the Latin and Black the American Revolution conven­ Performances extra. evaluation of food ran a test on population of Attica mourned the tion to tour the family quarters dried dog food and cereal. Corn ninth anniversary of the death of as well as the public rooms at Love the price too-George flakes and three brands of dog our great father, Don Pedro Albizu the White House, President Nixon Schultz, a University of Californ­ food were ground up to give them Campos [leader of Nationalist Par­ said with a grin, "Just don't take ia "consumer psychologist," the same look and texture. None ty of Puerto Rico]. In the morning anything that's nailed down." says most consumers don't like of the students could detect which both groups met in the Catholic fresh potato chips. "They've was ti1e human food. Chemical Church to pay tribute on behalf of come to expect the slightly rancid tests showed that one of the dog our now deceased leader. On the left flavor in the oil that develops They could check you for TB­ foods had three times the protein side of our shirts we wore a black after a few days," he explained. contained in the corn flakes. patch, symbol of our grief. Federal agencies unplugged 55 The Catholic chaplain dedicated of the 190 airport X-ray ma­ the mass to Don Pedro. How- chines used to check passengers' ever, he only mentioned Don Pedro's carry-on baggage. They were name once during the mass hour. emitting radiation. We then decided to pay tribute on our own as we headed to the yard. Different vantage point-Water­ gater Howard Hunt was un­ While in the yard one of our La­ nerved by his year in jail. Now tin Brothers was called into a meet­ ing room by a sergeant and a mem­ interested in penal reform,. the ber of the administration staff. He former CIA operative says, was told to remove the black patch '' Something is wrong, very wrong with the system." Especial­ from the left side of his shirt, vio­ ly when the jailers get jailed. lating his freedom of religion and belief, while also violating his rights to the practice of his culture. Note to fund raisers- Looking He refused as a man to remove for a fresh angle for that next this patch: the only thing we had to banquet? Contact the London represent this great man. In doing agency Prime Performers and this he was taken to the box (soli­ book a lord. "Many lords are tary confinement) accompanied by a extremely talented, especially as great number of Brothers who also after-dinner speakers," an agen­ refused to remove the patch. cy spokesperson says. The rent­ We feel if the situation had been a-lord agency charges a basic reversed, if we had worn the insig­ nia of the American flag and mourn­ ed the memory of an American presi­ dent, we would have probably had a steak dinner or a free buy at the commissary. But since this day National Picket Line was in memory of a man whose only ambition and endeavor was that of the liberation and independence of Frank Lovell our oppressed peoples, we were con­ demned and deprived of the right to worship the image of Don Pedro Albizu Campos. A ~veto-proof Congress'? Prisoners The greatest handicap of the labor movement is the to curry favor with the new administration and get Attica, N. Y. political subservience of the union leadership to the in line for preferential treatment against what they capitalist government and the political parties of thought would be a general attack of some kind. the employing class, the Democrats and Republicans. They were right about the general attack by the The political strategists of the AFL-CIO are beating employers and the government, but they did not Disagrees on 'Zebra' the drums this year for a "veto-proof Congress," understand the form it would take, and they only I am writing this letter in response which is just another way of telling workers to vote sought to ride out the storm when it came. to SWP candidate James Lewis's ar­ straight Democratic. After the 90-day wage freeze imposed by Nixon ticle on the Zebra dragnet in San This is the advice union officials have been passing on Aug. 15, 1971, the top leaders of the union move­ Francisco. I can understand how Mr. out more or less consistently since 1936. Yet up to the ment joined the government's Phase 2 Pay Board Lewis and members of the Black present time, 38 years later, they are unable to point to help impose further wage restraints. community feel about these stop-and­ to a single major piece of prolabor legislation spon­ Mter a demonstrative departure from the Pay search tactics ordered by Mayor sored by the union movement and enacted by their Board in March 1972, the Meany crew in the AFL­ Joseph Alioto. "friends" in Congress. Every gain for working people CIO cozied up to Nixon and gave him backhanded It is obvious to me that this drag­ has been won through their own struggles, generally support in the November election. net was put into effect as a last re­ against fierce opposition from Democrats and Re­ They pegged Nixon a cinch for reelection and sort to catch the Zebra killer(s), and publicans alike. were anxious to show thffir willingness to do business in no way was meant to "whip up In 1964, with the full support of the union move­ with him.. They did not -count on Watergate, even racist hysteria around these murders ment, Lyndon Johnson was elected president in a though they were all well aware of the corruption or make the entire Black community landslide victory over Republican Barry Goldwater. in Washington. suspect." I give my full support to In addition, the Democrats won a big majority in Now they have leaped back in the Democratic Party Mayor Alioto and the S.F. police both houses of Congress. This was even better than camp and are calling for a "veto-proof Congress"­ department in their search for the Ze­ a "veto-proof Congress." as if Nixon were the only antilabor force in govern­ bra killer(s) and feel James Lewis Union officials boasted that their "friends" were ment. should find a better way to garner safely in control of Congress and their man was in But the danger to the union movement after the votes than through his biased ar­ the White House. The Johnson administration prom­ November election will come from the new Congress, ticles. ised everything- peace in Vietnam, civil rights at just as much as from the White House (whoever its Raymond Buzek home, and the foundation of a "Great Society." occupant may be). Indiana, Pa. Each promise was false. The war was escalated. This is already in the wind. On April 24 the Senate Civil rights legislation was never intended to fully Democratic caucus voted to endorse continued eco­ In reply- For more on The Mili­ satisfy the needs of Blacks and other minorities and nomic controls after April 30, when the Economic tant's view of Alioto's "Zebra" hunt, the millions who live in poverty. Johnson's "Great Stabilization Act expires. The purpose is to use the see page 9. Society" schemes benefited only the rich. Massive force of law to hold wages in check this year and war spending began to fuel an inflationary spiral. next. This is the only way these capitalist politicians The union movement faltered, its growth rate lagged, know or care about to "fight inflation," as they say. and its political weight and social influence declined. Recall that the Democratic majority in Congress The discrediting of the. union-endorsed Johnson pushed through the Economic Stabilization Act of The letters column is an open forum administration opened the doors for the election of 1970 against Nixon's stated opposition. With an for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ Nixon in 1968. Some union officials, including Peter even bigger Democratic majority-"veto-proof'­ eral interest to our readers. Please Brennan, who now serves as Nixon's labor secretary, workers will be in for some even rougher lessons keep your letters brief. Where neces­ jumped into the Nixon camp in 1968, hoping thereby about the class allegiance of both ruling parties. sary they will be abridged. Please in­ dicate if your name may be used or if you prefer that your initials be used instead.

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 11 'Ro~' outlines action Qrogram Call for 'far left' candidate fails in France From lnt~rcontinental Press the presidential election? These com­ plained that the proposal to run Piaget tory, an intellectual," not a "representa­ By Dick ficUer mittees are planning to organize a was intended to express, in the elec­ tive worker militant." Nominations for the French presi­ national regroupment during the elec" tion campaign, "a vast anticapitalist The April 12 Rouge replied to Lutte dential election closed on April 16, tion campaign." current ... a current that is also the Ouvriere's objections: "Yes, Piaget is with the Gaullists having failed in their The dissident minority, which in­ framework for a massive outflanking not a Trotskyist. Yes, he is of Chris­ quest for a single right-wing candidate cluded between 10 and 15 percent of of the capitulationist solutions of the tian background. But, contrary to to face the left in the first round of the PSU's membership, denounced the reformist parties." what Lutte O:uvriere thinks, his role voting. majority's "irreversible decision to When Piaget declined to run because in the Lip strike and his political posi­ Four ministers and thirty-nine gov­ join the Union of the Left," and said the PSU would not support him, tions make him a very suitable repre­ ernment deputies, many of them they hoped "to preserve . . . the Rouge announced Alain Kri,vine's sentative of the revolutionary work­ involved in an earlier attempt to stop PSU's historic role" by "continuing the nomination; and supporters of the ers. the candidacy of leading Gaullist con­ discussion with all those who reject Trotskyist journal formed a new or­ Lutte Ouvriere could hardly claim tender Jacques Chaban-Delmas, is­ the majority orientation of the ~anization, the Front Communiste Re­ to speak for the far-left organizations, sued a "manifesto" calling for a united national council." They said they volutionnaire (FCR- Revolutionary Krivine told La Gauche. It "has been "majority" candidacy that was widely would call themselves provisionally Communist Front) to build the cam­ totally absent from all the big mobi­ interpreted as supporting Finance the Old-Line PSU ("PSU-Maintenu"). paign. lizations of the revolutionary far left Minister Giscard d' Estaing, Chaban's The Gauche Ouvriere et Paysanne The central theme of the Trotsky­ in France, including the march on Lip, leading rival on the right. Also had mustered 38 votes against the ist election campaign is outlined in the the June 21 [1973] demonstration, and running is the right-wing Gaullist majority's 279 on the final resolution minister Jean Royer.. defining the PSU's position on Mit­ Socialist party leader Franc;;ois Mit­ terrand. Another grouping, with 128 terrand, on the contrary, seemed to be votes, abstained on the motion after laying claim to de Gaulle's old slogan: voting earlier with the GOP to support "It's me or chaos." Assured of the sup­ the Piaget candidacy. This grouping, port of the Communist party and the led by Yvan Craipeau, Michel Mousel Left Radicals, the SP's parmers in the and Bernard Ravenel, has been a ten­ Union of the Left, Mitterrand has dency within the majority faction that picked up some support further to the was constituted at the PSU's congress in December 1972. Following the vote to support the Socialist party can­ didate, Mousel and Ravenel resigned from the national bureau, and their grouping issued a statement describ­ ing the majority's moves to join the Union of the Left as "contradicting the whole orientation of the PSU and its very reasons for existence." However, they said they would stay in the PSU to fight "against those who want to tighten its moorings to the Social Democracy." On one side, the PSU is under pres­ Rouqe sure from the reformist-led mass CHARLES PIAGET (right): 'No to layoffs' says sign under leader of lip watch workers workers organizations, which have opted unanimously t'or Mitterrand in this election; and, on the other side, Action Program cited in Rouge: "The all the anti-imperialist demonstrations. from the radicalized students and a Union of the Left that the SP and Which means that we cannot support small but growing layer of worker CP counterpose as the!r concrete solu- its candidate." militants to the left of the CP, SP, and tion to the UDR government [Union However, Rouge said, it would seek trade-union bureaucracies. This force for the Defense of the Republic, the to carry out joint actions with Lutte O:uvriere during the campaign, begin­ MITTERRAND: looking to the right rallied in considerable numbers to the main Gaullist party] already illustrates proposal to run Piaget. the class-collaborationist perspective of ning with participation in the April In an interview in the April 12 issue these parties. The workers must place 20 demonstration on abortion and right. On April 14, the political bureau of La Gauche, the Belgian Trotskyist in the forefront of their demands the contraception, and the May 1 action. of the Front Progressiste, a small weekly, Alain Krivine commented on breaking of all links, of any agree­ Other far-left groups that partici­ group of opposition Gaullists, threw the proposal to run Piaget: "This can­ ment by the workers organizations pated in the attempt to get Piaget to its support to Mitterrand. didacy produced a deepgoing cleav­ to collaborate in any way with the run have refused to support Krivine The broad support for the Mitter­ age, within organizations like the bourgeoisie." as a candidate. Revolution!, an ultra­ rand candidacy, with the hopes it has CFDT [French Democratic Confedera­ The FCR's program emphasizes the left group that originated in a 1971 engendered of a first-round victory, tion of Labor] and the PSU, between need for independent organization of split in the Ligue Communiste, ac­ has put heavy pressure on political the reformists and the revolutionists, the working class. The socialist al­ cused Rouge of "giving in to electoral- formations further to the left. The at a fairly confused level, and it ex­ ternative to the bourgeois parties and 1st maneuvers." main casualty has been the Parti So­ posed the real orientation of the lead­ the reformists is projected in such de­ The AllianceMarxiste Revolutionnai­ cialiste Unifie (PSU- United Socialist ers of these organizations who mands as expropriation of all the big re, a tendency headed by Michel Pablo party), a left Social Democratic forma­ claimed they wanted to form a self­ industrial trusts and the banks, with that split from the Fourth Interna­ tion. management socialist current in management to be placed under work­ tional in 1965, supported the Piaget The PSU's national council, meeting France and at the first decisive test ers control; a sliding scale of wages candidacy, but accused Rouge of April 15, voted by 281 to 150, with capitulated to the reformists, com­ and the thirty-hour work week to com­ "carrying out a cheap maneuver" when 13 abstentions, to support Mitterrand. pletely hiding their socialist and self­ bat inflation and unemployment; and it nominated Krivine. The AMR had The majority saw the decision as a management orientations under a recognition of the unconditional right earlier called for a "CP-SP government further step by the party toward entry bushel and thereby provoking divi­ to self-determination and independence of Popular Unity, as in Chile." It is into the Union of the Left.. sions within their own organiza­ of the colonies. currently negotiating an entry into the Over a third of the council, however, tions." Other far-left organizations seem PSU. voted against supporting Mitterrand, The April 12 issue of Rouge ex- hard-pressed to explain why they are The Parti Communiste Revolution­ favoring instead the proposed candi­ refusing to support the Krivine candi­ naire, a French wing of the small sect dacy of Charles Piaget, a PSU mem­ dacy. Most virulent in its attacks on headed by Juan Posadas that broke ber and a leader of the Lip strikers. the Rouqe initiative has been Lutte from the Fourth International in 1962, The initiative for Piaget's candidacy Ouvri'ere, a workerist grouping, which has called for supporting Mitterrand had come from an alliance of far-left refused to participate in the search on the first round, saying that "now organizations. Piaget expressed will­ for a common far-left candidate and is the time to impose the Common ingness to run, but said he would defer announced its own candidate, Arlet­ Program." to the decision of his own party. te Laguiller, within a few hours of Finally, there is the Organisation Following the national council vote, President Pompidou 's death. Communiste lnternationaliste, headed the PSU's left-wing faction, the Gauche Lutte Ouvri'ere apparently takes a by Pierre Lambert, which claims to Ouvriere et Paysanne (GOP- Worker dim view of the prospect of winning be "reconstructing the Fourth Interna­ and Peasant Left), declared it was over to revolutionary socialism work­ tional." The OCI argues that while quitting the party to form "May 20 ers who still hold religious beliefs, it continues to oppose the Union of Action Committees" composed of all judging from an April 9 statement the Left as a class-collaborationist co­ those in the far left who had supported by the leadership. Because Piaget is alition, it supports Mitterrand on the the Piaget candidacy. According to the a Christian as well as a PSU mem­ first round because he is running not April 17 Le Monde, the name chosen ber, they said, on no count could as the candidate of the Union of the for the committees "simply means that he possibly represent the revolution­ Left, but as the first secretary of the the problem posed is, What happens GISCARD d'ESTAING: Failed to push out ary current in the elections. As for Socialist party, which it considers to the day after [the second round of] other Gaullist candidates. Krivine, he was a "graduate in his- be a "bourgeois workers party."

12 National grotest MaY.11 New denunciations of ·unta terror in Chile By JEAN WALKER is on Square Garden's Felt Forum. It As the show trial of 67 supporters will feature Arlo Guthrie, Pete Seeger, of the Allende 'regime continued in Melanie, Phil Ochs, Melvin Van Peebles, Chile, church sources revealed April Senator George McGovern reading ,26 that.five persons were sentenced to Pablo Neruda's poetry, and Swedish death the previous day in a secret ambassador Harold Edelstam, who cou.rt-martial. was expelled from Chile after the coup The five were accused of organizing for aiding political refugees. resistance to the rightist coup last Sep­ Edelstam has been on a speaking tember. Red Cross representatives were tour in the U.S., which wound up barred from the trial. last month with meetings in Chicago, Even in the Santiago show trial, Pittsburgh,- and Philadelphia. to which international legal observers In Chicago, Edelstam spoke to meet­ have been invited, the junta's abroga­ ings of 150 at De Paul University, tion of democratic rights is clear sim­ 350 at the University of Illinois Cir­ ply from the charges against the de­ cle Campus, and 350 at a city-wide fendants. meeting in St. James Cathedral, where The 67 military and civilian pris­ a fund appeal was made by author oners are accused of sedition and "traf­ Studs Terkel. A total of $3, 500 was fiCking with the enemy." The "enemy" raised from the Chicago tour for aid is defined as all six political parties to Chilean refugees and prisoners. that were part of Allende's Popular In . Philadelphia, 450 people came Unity coalition and all the members to hear Edelstam at a broadly spon­ of the~~e parties! sored meeting chaired by Kay Camp Last week the military junta received of Women's International League for a blow when the only remaining in­ Raul Cardinal Silva Henriques (left) and another Chilean priest issuing statement Peace and Freedom. His one-day stay stitution that is allowed some freedom charging junta with torture. raised more than $1,500 for the Chile of expression in Chile-the Catholic Appeal Fund. Church hierarchy-released a pastoral Prominent trade unionists in Pitts­ letter criticizing the junta. The May-June issue of the Reporter variety of views will be a focus of burgh organized a special meeting to The letter, which was regarded as relates new information about the sta­ demonstrations to be held throughout hear Edelstam describe the repression unusually bold, charged the junta with tus of some of the seven political pris­ the United States on May 11. The ac­ of trade unions in Chile. The meeting the use of torture, arbitrary and lengthy oners on whom USLA has been fo­ tions, supported by all the major Chile was called by Clifton Caldwell, presi­ detentions, firing of workers for po­ cusing publicity. Hector Gutierrez, who defense organizations, will call for an dent of Amalgamated Meat Cutters litical reasons, utilizing informers, and was a professor of demography at the end to U.S. aid to the junta and free­ Local 590; Tom Quinn, international structuring the economy "in such away School of Public Health and a mem­ dom for all political prisoners in Chile. representative of the United Electrical that wage earners must bear an ex­ ber of the Revolutionary Socialist Par­ In many cities, broad committees Workers; Oliver Montgomery of the cessive share of sacrifice, without hav­ ty, Chilean supporters of the Fourth have been set up to coordinate build­ United Steelworkers of America and ing the desired level of participation." International, has been uncondition­ ing of the actions. In New York, national secretary of the Afro-American On the same day the Venezuelan sen­ ally released from confinement. for example, the May 11 Chile Ac­ Labor Council; Russell Gibbons, assis­ ate voted a condemnation of the re­ Jaime Barrios, the central economic tion Committee has had a meeting in­ tant editor of Steel Labor; Ernest de­ pressive policies of the Chilean junta. adviser to Salvador Allende, is feared volving representatives of the. Third Malo, international vice-president of Under pressure from the growing in­ to have been killed within days of the World People's Coalition, National the United Electrical Workers; and oth­ ternational condemnations, the junta coup, but the junta has refused to an­ Council of Churches, Democratic So­ ers. has made some promises to assuage swer inquiries as to his whereabouts. cialist Organizing Committee, Ameri­ A cocktail party for Edelstam or­ public opinion. General Gustavo Leigh Communist Party General Secretary cans for Democratic Action, Chile Soli­ ganized by the Medical Committee for announced that all the 6,000 political Luis Corvahin, together with other top darity Committee, New American Human Rights, and a city-wide rally prisoners still detained would either be figures in the Allende government, is Movement, the Socialist Workers Par­ of 350, succeeded in raising more than released or charged and tried in the scheduled to come to trial this month, ty, USLA, and three· campus groups, $1,000 for the Chile Appeal Fund. near future. according to the junta. among others. More news on the situation of po­ However, the new issue of the USLA Luis Vitale, Marxist scholar and a Unions in New York are also join­ .litical prisoners and repression in Chile Reporter, magazine of the U.S. Com­ leader of the Fourth International, was ing in building the protest, with the and other countries in Latin America mittee for Justice to Latin American recently transferred to the prison camp Joint Board of the Fur, Leather and is contained in the new issue of the Political Prisoners, reports that 10,000 at Chacabuco, an abandoned saltpeter Machine Workers Union printing a USLA Reporter. A copy can be ob­ to 12,000 still remain imprisoned in mine in a desert in northern Chile. special leaflet to mobilize its members. tained for 25 cents from USLA, 156 Chile, and 85 percent have had no Vitale, Corvalan, and four other Also as part of a Chile Action Week, Fifth Ave., Room 702, New York, charges brought against them. prominent political prisoners of a wide an event is planned for May 9 at Mad- N.Y. 10010 ($2 for 10 issues). 500 march in defense of Haitian refugees By JAY RESSLER N ahiralization Service (INS) for the Beginnings Movement, Lloyd Daguilai NEW YORK-More than 500 people, first time imprisoned the women ref­ called for the unity of Blacks and West primarily Haitians, participated in a ugees as well. Indians in defending the refugees. State spirited march here April 27 demand­ The tougher stance of immigration Senator Vander Beatty and Jerrold ing asylum for the 400 Haitians in authorities toward arriving refugees Horne, representing the National Con­ Miami who face deportation back to has been accompanied by a series of ference of Black Lawyers, also spoke Haiti The march went through a pre­ dragnet raids by INS agents to round out against the racist treatment of the dominantly Haitian and West Indian up undocumented Haitians in Brook­ Haitians. section of Brooklyn. lyn. Raul Rodriguez from CASA, a Los The demonstrators also demanded Public places such as barber shops Angeles-based antideportation group, release of 121 Haitian refugees being were raided. INS officers accosted peo­ proclaimed the solidarity of the Chi­ held in "preventive detention" in Flor­ ple who "looked Haitian" along Brook­ cano people with the Haitians. "The ida and Texas jails, and protested re­ lyn's Eastern Parkway, demandingthe Chicano people share the same situ­ cent dragnet raids by immigration au­ "green cards" that say a noncitizen ation, the same feelings, and the same thorities in the Brooklyn Haitian com­ is in the country legally. At least one enemy- the Immigration department," munity. factory employing large numbers of he said. "We want our peoples to be People joined the march en route, Haitian workers was raided by the treated like human beings!" nearly doubling its size. A rally at INS, and several Haitians were re­ A number of union representatives Grand Army Plaza concluded the dem­ portedly detained as a result. also addressed the rally. Henry Mer- · onstration. ceron of the Hotel and Restaurant Chants and signs demanded: "From The protest march was organized to Employees Union Local 6, who spoke Haitian jails to U.S. jails-We want win increased support for the refugees in Creole, contrasted the treatment of their freedomr "Why asylum for Cu­ in the Haitian and West Indian com­ refugees from Cuba with the treatment bans, but not for Haitians?" "Deporta­ munities and to show that the grow­ of those from Haiti, whose repressive tion means death, Asylum for the Hai­ ing movement in their defense will not government is supported by Washing­ Churches; Father Antoine Adrienne, tians," and "Nixon and Kissinger: Open be silenced by INS harassment. ton. Committee to Defend the Democratic the doors for refugees from Haiti and Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm Also speaking were David White, a Rights of the Haitian People; Floyd Chiler sent a message of solidarity to the vice-president of the National Hospi­ Fowler, U.S. Committee for Justice Only a week before, on April 20, rally. Former state senator Waldaba tal Union; Jose Rubio, Brooklyn or­ to Latin American· Political Prisoners; a new group of 41 refugees arrived Stevvart, chairman of the New York ganizer for the United Farm Work­ and Ira Gollob in of the American Com­ in Miami aboard a small boat. All State Black Assembly, called for con­ ers; Franc;ois Felix and Henry Foner mittee for the Protection of the For­ of them were immediately incarcerated. tinuing street actions to save the Hai­ of the Joint Board, Fur, Leather, and eign Born. Departing from its usual policy of hold­ tian refugees. Machine Workers union; Javelino Ra­ A contingent was also present from ing only the men, the Immigration and Speaking for the Trinidadian New mos from the National Council of the Newark Haitian community.

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 13 N.Y. building workers Inflation in Canada protest racist policies met by militant strikes By JANICE LYNN Postal workers and airport firefighters then, Labor Challenge reports, tens of NEW YORK- Several hundred in Canada voted to return to work thousands of workers in other compa­ Black, Puerto Rican, and Asian con­ April 26, ending temporarily a wave nies and industries have won similar struction workers rallied at city hall of strikes that had shut down the post mid-contract increases. April 24 to demand an end to racist office and airports across the country. The central issue for the postal work­ discrimination in hiring in New The issues behind the strikes remain, ers is attempts by the post office to York's construction trades. however. Even while the airport fire­ introduce automated sorting equipment Derrick Morrison, Socialist Workers fighters were staging wildcat walkouts, threatening the jobs and pay rates of Party candidate for governor of New air-traffic controllers voted to strike present manual sorters. The country­ York, attended the rally and spoke the .. country' s 56 major airports May wide strike was triggered by the firing with some of the demonstrators. 5. The issue for both groups of work­ of 20 workers in Montreal April 9. Moses Harris, an ironworker and ers is the need for wage increases to The strike spread throughout Quebec head of Black Economic Survival keep up with spiraling inflation. The and across Canada, in defiance of (BES), told Morrison that his group cost of living in Canada rose by more court injunctions and the retaliatory was relying on workers themselves, than 10 percent in the past year. suspension of hundreds of other work­ rather than politicians, to press for With real wages falling, an increas­ ers by the post office. more jobs for Blacks and Puerto Ri­ ingly popular demand in the labor By April 19, 18,000 workers were cans. BES has held protests at several movement is for cost-of-living escalator off the job in about 80 cities. At a construction sites throughout the city. clauses in union contracts. According meeting of 1,000 strikers in the west Seventeen protesters were arrested to the April 29 issue of Lab or Chal­ coast city of Vancouver, a strike com­ April 22 at a construction site for the lenge, the Canadian revolutionary so­ mittee was formed, and the strikers New York Telephone building going cialist biweekly, only about 15 percent there published a daily paper. up in downtown Manhattan. Construction workers picket city hall of unionized workers have such pro­ Harris told Morrison that a number In Quebec, the major union federa­ tection. of Black and Puerto Rican workers tions have formed a "common fronf' have been hired as a result of these issued last July by then-mayor John The struggle against inflation re­ to fight for reopening all union con­ protests. Lindsay. ceived a boost in early April when tracts in order to obtain a sliding Raymond Class, also a leader of Executive Order 71 sets definite workers at the biggest steel plant, the wage scale. The unions have called BES and of the Black and Puerto Ri­ goals and timetables, trade by trade, Steel Company of Canada in Hamil­ mass demonstrations in cities through­ can Coalition, explained that some of for contractors who have city con­ ton, got the company to reopen the con­ out the province on May Day to pro­ the workers have been trying for 20 struction work. The voluntary "New tract and grant a modest mid-contract test inflation. Several unions have or 25 years to get into the union. York Plan" has been labeled unfair wage increase. In the few weeks since called for strikes on May Day. Other BES workers are in their late and racist by the protesting organiza­ twenties or early thirties and learned tions and was abandoned by Lind­ their trade in the South, where the say in favor of Executive Order 71. union movement is weak. Mayor Beame is under pressure Class said, "What we want is equal from construction union officials and Armenians hit genocide representation in the building-trades contractors not to implement this or­ unions. Especially when the construc­ der but to follow the less stringent tion site is in the Black and Puerto New York Plan. Rican community, those hired should Takashi Yanagida of the Asian --1,000 march in L.A. Americans for Equal Employment reflect the surrounding population." By MIGUEL PENDAS portant commodity in Uncle Sam's spoke against the exclusion of Asians At two public construction sites, the LOS ANGELES- Nearly 1,000 Ar­ domestic market. in the construction industry. Ruppert Houses development in East menians commemorated the anniver­ Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley Harlem and Public School 308 in the The rally was chaired by James sary of the massacre of 1.5 million came out of the city hall for a couple Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brook­ Haughton, head of Harlem Fight of their people during World War I of minutes to wish the demonstrators lyn, sheet metal workers have been Back. at the hands of the Turkish govern­ well. The demonstrators called for an ex­ forced off their jobs in response to ment. Survivors of the massacre were A statement distributed by the So­ panded construction program to build picketing by community groups de­ among the demonstrators who partici­ cialist Workers Party California Cam­ housing, schools, and hospitals in manding more Blacks and Puerto Ri­ pated in an April 24 march and rally paign was well received" by many par­ cans in the building-trades unions. slum areas. They also assailed the here. ticipants. It compared the struggle of way the construction unions are now At the city hall rally speakers from Through leaflets and speakers at the Armenians to that of the Kurds and Black and Puerto Rican community organized, more like job trusts than rally on the city hall steps, the Com­ Palestinians, and called for self-deter­ real labor unions. groups called on New York Mayor mittee to Commemorate the Genocide mination for Armenia. Abraham Beame to abandon the in­ After the rally, the workers of Armenian People explained the cir­ effective "New York Plan" and imple­ marched to the site where protesters cumstances under which one of the ment Executive Order 71, which was had been arrested two days before. biggest genocidal crimes of this century took place. The Armenians, who had beenliving for hundreds of years under Turkish rule, were demanding national rights. Steelworkers continue The Turkish government responded with a campaign of terror launched April 24, 1915. Nearly every Armen­ ian within Turkey's borders was mur­ strike against Dow Co. dered. Most of the rest fled, and today By ROBIN MAISEL injunctions against picketing and the there are communities of Armenian A month and a half after the 5,300 arrest of more than 100 Steelworkers refugees all over the world. members of United Steelworkers Lo- on various charges. One speaker called for socialist de­ cal 1207 5 struck Dow Chemical Com- Management personnel are working mocracy for Soviet Armenia. He also pany in Midland, Mich., there is still in 12-hour shifts to keep the plant compared the struggle of Armenians no settlement in sight. The strike, operating. A large number of cars · for self-determination to the struggles which began March 18, is the first with out-of-state license plates are in of Blacks and Chicanos in this coun­ since 1948 at the Dow main plant the company parking lot, indicating try, the Quebecois in Canada, and in Midland. that Dow is importing scabs from its other peoples in Latin America, Workers are demanding a cost-of- other plants around the country. Africa, and Asia fighting against U. S. living escalator in the contract. The On March 21, 300 women marched domination. company has offered a cost-of-living through downtown Midland protesting Several speakers condemned the allowance of one cent for every one- the arrest of more than 50 pickets the hypocrisy of the United Nations in half point rise in the Consumer Price previous day and calling on the mer- refusing to recognize that, under its Index with a maximum (cap) of eight chants to donate food and money to own criteria, an act of genocide ever cents the first year and 13 cents for the union. The next day Circuit Judge took place. U. S. complicity in Turk­ each of the next two. Robert Fraser issued an injunction ish oppression of Armenians was de­ The strikers want no cap and one against mass picketing at the plant. nounced, and speakers called for an Militant/Miguel Pendas cent for every four-tenths point rise William Wittbrodt, president of Lo- end to military aid to that reactionary Massacre of Armenians in 1915 was in the CPl. cal 12075, predicts the strike might government. It was pointed out that aimed at preventing them from forming From January 1973 to January last six months. On April 16 there heroin produced in Turkey is an im- their own state. 1974 the CPI rose nearly 12 points was a spontaneous march of some or three times the maximum allowance 500 workers past the plant after a Dow has offered for the first year of union meeting. When a fire broke out the contract. Dow had a record year in one of Dow's brine wells, volunteer in 1973, grossing more than $3-bil- firefighters refused to cross the picket lion and reporting profits up 44 per- lines-especially those firefighters who cent to more than $271-million. are steelworkers and were on the pick- The strike has been marked by court et duty at the time.

14 Bustin and Dixon stump the country for 1974 Socialist Workers Party campaign By CINDY JAQUITH strategy. Watergate and the energy government turned its back and re- "Debby Bustin is a serious young crisis have opened them up to con­ movErl its troops from the South. woman who wants to wake people WHY IS THIS sidering the socialist alternative." "During the civil rights movement, up to what is happening in their coun­ She gave as an example a young . when the cops put dogs on Black peo­ try and their world. WOMAN Black woman who came to hear her ple, cattle-prodded them, bombed "She is a member of a group the speak at Bowling Green State Uni­ churches where little Black girls were, federal government has labeled sub­ ON versity in Ohio. The woman became Tweedledum and Tweedledee- the versive, the Socialist Workers Party. interested in the Young Socialist AI- Democrats and Republicans in Wash­ Miss Bustin is also listed on President NIXON'S liance, explaining, "I want to join a ington- did nothing. On the local level, Nixon's 'White House Enemies List' group that is doing something about they participated in those campaigns because of her active role in the anti- ENEMY all this mess." against us. war movement" Bustin also noted that "virtually no "Just recently, the FBI was forced to This is how the April 13 Milwaukee LIST? one questions whether the energy crisis reveal d.ocuments that outline a bi­ Sentinel began its interview with Debby Hear was contrived by the oil giants or partisan program to crush the Black Bustin, cochairwoman of the Socialist DEBBY whether Watergate shows the corrupt liberation struggle. Workers Party 1974 National Cam­ BUSTIN nature of both the Democrats and Re­ paign Committee. Bustin has just con­ chairwoman,1974 Socialist Workers Part\ publicans. People want to know how Black party cluded a two-month tour of the East Fridoy April I :t campaign committt" we can implement socialism." "How can we support the Democrats and Midwest, drumming up support ?:~o P"" Students' questions after her speech and Republicans, the parties that have for local SWP candidates and for the VornfJ\'S Coo li+io" frequently focus on "How can so­ organized against w~ ?' Dixon asked. suit filed by the SWP and Young So­ :L a II (04't I<~" "'o oJ -cialism be democratic?" Bustin said, "We should be about the business of cialist Alliance against illegal govern­ and whether it's "realistic" to try to forming an independent Black political leaflet distributed for one of Bustin's organize society along socialist lines. party." ment harassment Maceo Dixon, co­ meetings in Milwaukee. chairman of the campaign committee, "I ask them, who's more realistic- the While in Colorado, Dixon was also is touring the West socialists, who are determined to invited to speak by the African Lib­ page and on the editorial page. The "While Miss Bustin was living in At­ change this rotten system, or the eration Support Committee (ALSC) April 25 issue of the Crusader ran a lanta, Ga.," the Sentinel reported, "she capitalists, who are hanging onto in Denver, by the Congress of Afro­ picture of Bustin and Barbara Mut­ set out to promote her socialist theories their riches at the expense of the over­ American Students in Fort Collins, and nick, SWP candidate for U. S. Senate by becoming the first socialist to ever whelming majority of people? by the Black Student Alliance at the from Missouri, on the front page with appear on the [city] ballot in Atlanta. "Is it 'realistic' to have more years University of Colorado in Boulder. an announcement of an upcoming In 1973 she ran for mayor of the like last year- the year of Watergate, He addressed hundreds of high school SWP campaign banquet city.... the meat crisis, the milk crisis, the students, including many Blacks and "She acquired the necessary 20,000 Inside, on the editorial page, wheat crisis, the energy crisis, and Chicanos, in Denver, and spoke at Crusader editor Wes McNeese devoted signatures to get her name on the the job crisis? Why, in one year alone all the main campuses. In addition, ballot," the Sentinel explained, noting his weekly column "Beneath the Sur­ we've had record government corrup­ he held a meeting with Chicano and t)lat Bustin's campaign activities in­ face" to an interview with Bustin and tion, record shortages, record in­ white inmates at the Lookout Moun­ cluded participating in picket lines in Mutnick. "The SWP, though now flation, and record profits. The tain School for Boys, a reformatory. support of striking Black workers and boasting a nationwide following and Socialist Workers Party believes so­ Arriving in Seattle, Wash., Dixon JOining in protest actions against having its views expressed in the ciety should be organized in the inter­ campaigned for Barry Fatland, Young police brutality. party's newspaper, The Militan~ circu­ ests of working people, not the tiny Socil;llist candidate for student govern- lation over 40,000, has not been al­ minority of the wealthy." Watergate suit lowed to flourish freely in these United States," McNeese commented. "Indeed, The Sentinel also reported the de­ 'Right-on things to say' the SWP and other radical liberal tails of the SWP and YSA suit against groups have been stomped on by the Many people first learned about the government Watergating. "The party's 'establishment' forces and thwarted at SWP through Bustin's frequent radio civil liberties suit is aimed at halting every turn possible." and TV appearances. Shortly after her illegal harassment and intimidation McNeese said he had expected to Detroit tour stop, for example, an SWP of those who oppose the policies of hear "dried-up, rehashed ideology" campaign supporter who is a Team­ the federal government. The suit is from the SWP, but "I was never so ster was discussing politics with a being handled by a noted constitu­ wrong. co-worker. "I saw this woman from the tional attorney, Leonard Boudin." "The party members were young. Socialist Workers Party on TV and In an interview with The Militan~ They were energetic. They were multi­ she had some right-on things to say," Bustin explained that favorable news national in membership and they were the co-worker remarked. coverage such as the Sentinel story determined." Since their tours began, Bustin and was characteristic of her tour. "Every­ Maceo Dixon, cochairman of the SWP where I went, the reporters were over­ Response on campus campaign committee, have had dozens whelmingly sympathetic. Ninety-five What has been the response among of hours of radio and television time. percent of them were enthusiastic, in students to Bustin's talks? "The people They have ~poken directly to more fact, about what I was saying." who come to my meetings w·ant to than 2,500 people at campus meetings, She noted that the East St Louis find out what they can do to change high school talks, Militant Forums, Crusader, a Black weekly, featured this society," Bustin told The Militant. and gatherings organized by women's her visit to St. Louis both on its front "They're looking for an effective groups, Black organizations, and Chicano groups. Militant/Nelson Blackstock Dixon's tour has taken him to the 'Democrats and Republicans are trying to South and western states. He is cur­ explain why they're still on a sinking rently speaking in California. ship,' says Maceo Dixon. As a participant in the recent Little Rock, Ark., Black Political Conven­ ment president at the University of tion, Dixon has addressed a number Washington. of meetings on perspectives for Black Facts, the Seattle Black newspaper, political power. In Denver, for exam­ ran an article on Dixon's tour. Dixon ple, he was invited to participate in also traveled to Vancouver, British a panel at the University of Colorado Columbia, where his talk on the FBI during a "Black Awareness Week" spon­ plot against the Black movement drew sored by the Black Student Alliance. 50 people, including 10 South Africans. With Dixon on the panel were Frank In Portland, Dixon's activities includ­ "Big Black" Smith, an Attica indictee; ed a meeting with members of United Wellington Webb, a Colorado state Minority Workers, a union caucus in representative; Irv Joyner, from the the construction trades. The caucus is Commission for Racial Justice; and fighting for preferential hiring of Norman Early, of the Denver district Blacks, Indians, and women in the attorney's office. All the panelists had building trades. attended the Little Rock convention. Everywhere he has spoken, Dixon Seventy-five people attended the panel, told The Militan~ Democratic and Re­ mostly Black and Chicano. publican politicians have been on the In his presentation, Dixonexplained, defensive. "It's the whole question of "It was the Dixiecrats, now known as the sinking ship- they're trying to ex­ the Southern Democrats, who orga­ plain why they're still on it. But many nizErl the basic units of the Ku Klux of the young people at our meet­ Militant/Robb Wright Klan. And when this racist organiza­ ings have had it with the two capital­ Bustin (in light coat) joins Brooklyn College protest against budget cutbacks during tion began a systematic campaign ist parties. They're ready to give the her tour of New York. against Black people, the Northern socialist alternative a chance."

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 15 Black Issues in home-rule debate students Washington, DC: What strategy continue can win Black litical power? By ANNE SPRINGER WASHINGTON, D.C.-In 1776 the struggle American colonies rose in revolt to win such democratic rights as indepen­ dence, no taxation without representa­ against tion, and their own elected govern­ ment. Fourteen years later, a sleepy vil­ cutbacks lage on the Potomac with mud streets By JIM McCAFFREY was designated the seat of government . WASHINGTON, D.C.- Black stu­ for the new union and put under the dents here are continuing their strug­ direct control of the federal govern­ gle against budget cutbacks at Fed­ ment. eral City College (FCC). Now, almost 200 years later, the Five hundred angry students march­ population of the District of Columbia, ed on the administration building grown to 800,000, is still denied the April 19 to protest the administra­ elementary democratic rights of voting tion's collusion with the board of high­ representation in Congress and con­ Militant/Eric Simpson Socialist mayoral candidate Nan Bailey in television debate with Democrat Marion er education, the mayor, and the city trol over· its own local government. Barry (left). council in cutting the FCC budget by It literally takes an act of Congress nearly $1-million. The college is 95 to pass regulations for flying kites in percent Black. city parks or to change the uniforms a May 7 referendum. When Dr. Johnson, acting president the Committee to Support the Refer­ of' the city police band. The charter provides for an elected endum and Charles Cassell of the Or­ of FCC, first announced the budget Congress has ruled D. C. directly ex­ cuts in early April, he said the ad­ mayor and 13-person city council, of­ ganization for Political Equality Now. cept for a three-year interlude from fices now filled by White House ap­ Cassell agrees with the SWP's criticisms ministration had only 24 hours to deal 1871 to 1874, when it allowed a par­ with the problem. He declared it would pointment (At the present time, D.C. of the charter, but refuses to say wheth­ tially elected government, only to over­ residents can elect only a school board er people should vote for or against it be necessary to cancel the summer turn it on the pretext that the increas­ and a nonvoting delegate to the House Nan Bailey stated: "I don't agree program and the teacher education ingly Black population was not re­ program. of Representatives.) that this charter is a first step. Marion sponsible enough. Recently revealed documents indi­ The current city administration, the Barry just described the way this char­ For the last hundred years, racist cate, however, that Johnson had been Democratic and Republican parties, the ter was put together [through maneu- · opposition on the part of D. C.'s white secretly discussing budget cuts since Central Labor Council, and the Met­ vers in Congress] and that's not the rulers has thwarted the democratic February. Minutes of a Feb. 21 joint ropolitan Board of Trade are trying to way that anything progressive has ever right of home rule. meeting of the board of higher edu­ make sure the charter passes with a been constructed for D. C. or any oth­ cation, board of vocational education, Today this city is more than 70 large majority. D.C. residents are be­ er city. and the presidents of. FCC, Washing­ percent Black. The struggle for home ing exhorted to vote "yes" in comm u­ "The Democrats and Republicans in ton Technical Institute(WTI),andD.C. rule is doubly explosive, because it nity meetings, TV, radio, and news­ Congress don't care about this city, Teachers College show that they were is inextricably bound up with the strug­ paper editorials, parades, sermons don't care about the needs of people planning to transferFCC'sengineering gle for Black political power. The ques­ from the pulpits, and high school and who live here, and their backroom program to WTI. The minutes say, tion of how to win home rule is es­ college meetings. deals aren't going to bring home rule "Dr. Johnson does not anticipate any sentially the question of how D. C. The Socialist Workers Party has been to D. C. That's why this charter is organized opposition to transferal of Blacks can win control over their own the most aggressive organization in lacking in everything," Bailey said. the engineering program." lives and improvement in the condi­ Washington in campaigning for gen­ Rapidly organized student demon­ tions of racist oppression and exploita­ uine self-government, exposing the Independent Black party strations onApril11 forced D.C. mayor tion they suffer. weaknesses of the proposed charter, The two strategies were clearly coun­ Walter Washington to approve the nec­ and forcing the Democrats and Repub­ terposed in a debate at predominantly essary funds for this year's summer 'Home-rule' charter debate licans to debate the real issues facing Black Roosevelt High School between school. This Msential question is deliberately the Black community. Bailey and Delano Lewis, a former Meanwhile, students in the teacher dodged in the hard-sell campaign be­ The SWP is running Nan Bailey for aide to Walter Fauntroy (D-D.C.) and education department are organizing ing waged for the "home-rule" char­ mayor, Toba Singer for delegate to candidate for city council. against the threatened liquidation of ter passed by Congress last December. Congress, Allan Budka for city coun­ Bailey pointed to the need for the their program. One hundred students D. C. residents vote on this charter in cil chairman, and Anne Powers and Black community to rely on its own met April 25 to plan a march on Sara Smith for city council. The so­ strength, mobilized in the streets and the city council for May 2. The city cialist candidates have spoken exten­ in the electoral arena. She raised the council can still present a supple­ sively throughout the city and debated need for an independent Black party, mentary budget to Congress asking supporters of the charter on TV and which would concern itself not only for more funds. radio, and at numerous meetings. with winning offices but with leading Students are also planning a march In urging a vote against the charter, the day-to-day struggles of the com­ on Congress to demand more money the SWP candidates point out that the munity. for the district during hearings sched­ 14 new elected officials will be power­ Lewis attacked the idea of a Black uled for May 14-16. less figureheads. Congress will still party as "divisive." He said the an­ The fight against the cutbacks gain­ appropriate the D.C. budget on a line­ swer to the needs of Blacks was elect­ ed significant backing recently when by-line basis. Congress will have the ing more Blacks like himself and At­ the Washington Teachers Union power to pass local laws for D. C. and lanta Mayor Maynard Jackson to of­ passed a resolution of support. to veto any legislation passed by the fice through "viable coalitions," that is, Anne Powers, a member ofthe Teach­ city council. the Democratic Party. "You have to ers Union and Socialist Workers Par­ The president will still appoint city work in the system," was Lewis's re­ ty candidate for city council, spoke judges (who preside over trials where sponse to students who questioned him. at the Militant Forum on the cutbacks 95 percent of the prisoners are Black) Bailey insisted that the Democratic struggle and read from this resolu­ and will be able to assume control over Party- the party of such racists as tion: "Be it therefore resolved that the the local police without even notifying George Wall ace and Russell Long­ Washington Teachers Union recog­ the city's elected officials. cannot be transformed into an instru­ nizes the importance of supporting the ment for Black liberation. The"system" FCC faculty and students and op­ 'Step in right direction'? of capitalist politics is controlled by posing this attack on the right of D.C. Confronted with these facts in a de­ residents to a higher education and and committed to those who profit bate, even supporters of the charter from racist oppression. that the WTU go on record in sup­ generally admit it will not provide real port of their demands: home rule for D. C. "a) No budget cutbacks at FCC or Alternative is struggle But the Democratic and Republican any other D. C. institute of higher edu­ In her debate with Barry, Cassell, politicians, already eyeing the offices and Fortune, Nan Bailey commented, cation. .~ they plan to run for under the char­ "b) Keep the teacher education de­ "Many people ask what alternative is ter, argue that it is "a step in the right partment at FCC." there for people who oppose this char­ Also speaking at the forum were direction." Their message is to elect ter. What else can you look to? What James Joseph, a mathematics teacher "responsible" candidates and continue else can you do? I think one example and activist, and Dita Constantinidas to wheel and deal with Congress for is being demonstrated to us right now of the Young Socialist Alliance at FCC. a few more concessions. by the students at Federal City Col­ This was the position put forward lege." by Democrat Marion Barry, president She cited the actions against budget of the D. C. school board, in a re­ cutbacks at FCC as an example of the cent television debate with SWP can­ kind of militant struggles needed to win Federal City College students didate Nan Bailey. Also participating self-government for D.C. and other strate. in the debate were Connie Fortune of real gains for the Black community.

16 Candidates address street meeting L.A. high school students hear socialists By ARNOLD WEISSBERG cialist campaign's support for the lutions that are occurring in countries LOS ANGELES- Socialist Work­ rights of high school students, two ·that used to be the colonies of France ers Party candidates got an enthusias­ L. A. police cars arrived on the scene. and England. tic response from students at a street "This is another case of police "The Socialist Workers Party is in meeting outside Venice High School harassment of high school students," favor of eliminating 'defense' spending April 18. Musa declared. "Can you imagine and dismantling the American mili­ The meeting was organized as part them doing this to Jerry Brown?" tary machine." of the Los Angeles area tour of Dan (Brown is a leading contender for the During the street meeting, campaign Styron, SWP candidate for U. S. Sen­ Democratic nomination for governor.) supporters sold many copies of The ate. "They don't want you to hear the Militant and Young Socialist, news­ Campaign supporters passed out socialist alternative," Musa said. paper of the Young Socialist Alliance. hundreds of leaflets before school an­ "That's what the police are used for. Eighteen students signed up klr more noucing a meeting to be held on the That's why they keep them in the information about the SWP campaign. sidewalk right after school. schools. The Socialist Workers cam­ While in the Los Angeles area, Sty­ The principal, apparently upset at paign calls for getting the police out of ron also spoke to 350 students at the prospect of socialists speaking to the schools!" Santa Monica High School and to an "his" students, claimed the leafleting His remarks were greeted with outdoor meeting of 85 students at the was illegal. However, when challenged cheers from many of the students. University of California at Los to cite the law, he backed down. Styron, speaking next, explained Angeles. About 3 5 students heard the first that the Socialist Workers campaign On April 19 Styron spoke at the speaker, Omari Musa, SWP candidate wants to end U.S. intervention in West Side Militant Forum on "Why for U. S. Congress from the 28th C. D. other countries: "The U.S. acts as a Revolutionaries Oppose Terrorism." OMARI MUSA: 'Cops out of the schools!' While Musa was discussing the so- policeman," Styron said, "to stop revo- He explained that terrorist actions like those of the Symbionese Liberation Army cut across the possibility of mo­ retary of state; and Froben Lozada, bilizing masses of people. head of the Chicano studies depart­ Women's Caucus backs SWPer "Terrorist actions make people think ment at Merritt College. The meal was LOS ANGELES- The Los Angeles to see qualified women run for of­ that a small group like the SLA can prepared by members of the Merritt Metropolitan Section of the Nation­ fice. We hope you will continue to solve their problems for them," Sty­ College La Raza Student Union. al Women's Political Caucus has raise the important women's issues ron said. "Our opposition to terrorism Rodriguez was well received in the voted to endorse Mariana Hernan- · of child care, abortion, equal op­ is based very simply on the fact that Oakland Raza community. Some 50 dez, the Socialist Workers Party portunity for women, equal rights it doesn't work." Chicanos attended one meeting, and candidate for California superinten­ legislation, child support and family six signed cards endorsing the so­ dent of public instruction. planning through your campaign. cialist campaign. In an April 20 letter to Hernan­ If you are elected, we hope you will BERKELEY- A tour of the East Bay Rodriguez also addressed a num­ dez the caucus stated, "We feel you actively work to upgrade the posi­ area by Olga Rodriguez, Socialist ber of successful campus meetings. are well qualified for this office and tion of women." Workers Party candidate for governor Fifty students turned out to hear her are pleased to encourage women's The National Women's Political of California, culminated in an April at Merritt College; 70 at Laney Junior participation in the political pro­ Caucus rarely supports independent 19 banquet at the socialist campaign College; 30 at the University of Cali­ cess." candidates, and has usually thrown headquarters here. One hundred and fornia at Berkeley; 100 at Ohlone The letter continued, "Good lut:k its support to capitalist party nom­ twenty people attended. Junior College; and 100 at pre­ in your race! We are always pleased inees, especially Democrats. Featured speakers were Rodriguez; dominantly Black Oakland Technical Peggy Wilson, SWP candidate for sec- High School. Weinstein hts for ballot statu·s in June election SAN FRANCISCO- Nat Weinstein, inating petitions with 1,000 signa­ demanding or collecting fees from any­ Socialist Workers Party candidate for tures. But two days later he was ruled one. U.S. Congress, is fighting for his right off the ballot when the secretary of The suit asks that Brown be further to appear on the ballot in the June state decided he was not "indigent" ordered to "disgorge and remit" the 4 special election. and should have paid the filing fee. fees actually collected from the oix In defiance of recent court rulings, A brief filed April 26 with the Cali­ other candidates contesting the 6th the state has barred Weinstein from fornia Supreme Court asks that Sec­ C. D. seat. the ballot for not paying a $425 filing retary of State Edmund Brown be fee. stopped from printing the June 4 ballot Coplaintiffs in the suit are five Pett ... e The special election for the 6th C. D. without Weinstein's name. It also asks and Freedom Party candidates denied seat was called when incumbent Wil­ that Brown be ordered to "cease and official write-in status in the statewide liam Maillard resigned to al:cept a .:iesisf' from illegal collection of filing primary election (also scheduled for position in the Nixon administration. fees. June 4) because of their refusal to pay Although independent candidates filing fees. and smaller parties are effectively ex­ On March 26, immediately after the Attorneys for the suit are Marge cluded from the ballot in general elec­ U. S. Supreme Court's decision in a Buckley, Peace and Freedom Party at­ tions because of California's restric­ related case, a California federal court torney who argued the Rubin v. tive election laws, special elections al­ ruled that the sections of the California Brown filing fee case b'efore the U. S. low for independent candidates to gain election code dealing with filing fees Supreme Court, and Fred Okrand of ballot status by collecting 500 sig­ were unconstitutional and void. Thus, the Southern California American natures of registered voters in the dis­ since the filing fees were definitively Civil Liberties Union. The Southern trict NAT WEINSTEIN:Ruled off ballot for not struck from the code a month ago. California ACL U is supporting the On April 17 Weinstein filed nom- paying illegal filing fee. Brown has been acting illegally in suit

By BYRON ACKERMAN paigning to make sure that the racist 1) Expanded funding for the child­ LOS ANGELES- Young Socialist "Center for the Study and Reduction ;:are center, which now has facilities UCLA candidates are running an ambitious of Violence" is not allowed on cam­ for only 70 children. campaign for the University of Cali­ pus. A February referendum showed 2) Increased financial aid to Black, fornia at Los Angeles student legisla­ that students are solidly opposed to Chicano, Asian-American, and Native Young tive council elections. this prisoner mind-control program. American students. A recent study The UCLA Young Socialist ticket Another important issue is the cur­ iound that Black enrollment at UCLA -headed by James· Harris for presi­ rent student government's failure to has dropped from 7 percent to 6 per­ Socialists dent and Bill Warrick for vice-presi­ back the campus workers and Ameri­ cent. dent- is also publicizing and build­ can Federation of State, County and 3) Full funding for the campus ing support for the statewide Socialist Municipal Employees Local 2070. Black, Chicano, and feminist news­ Workers Party campaign. YS candidate Bill Warrick, himself papers, threatened with cutbacks in in student The Young Socialist candidates are a member of Local 2070, stated, "We their budgets. campaigning to expose and end support the campus workers 100 per­ 4) Full support to the United Farm UCLA's complicity with political re­ cent and would utilize student govern­ Workers. Mobilize the campus com­ gov't race pression in Chile. They point out that ment facilities to build support for munity to support the boycott of scab UCLA maintains a Ford Foundation­ AFSCME Local 2070. We would also grapes, lettuce, and Gallo wines. funded exchange program with the provide office space and funding for 5) Student and faculty control over University of Chile, despite the mili­ political groups on campus." the university, including hiring and tary dictatorship's political expulsions The Young Socialist candidates have firing. Immediately rehire Pat Story, and victimizations there. pledged to help organize student sup­ a radical professor victimized solely The YS candidates are also cam- port for: for his political beliefs.

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 17 Printers contracts still in disgute Newspaper Guild ends Washington Post strike By ALEX HARTE As the strike wore on, Guild offi­ the Guild workers ever reach this top WASHINGTON, D.C.-The 17-day cials acknowledged more openly the level. strike by the Newspaper Guild at the real purpose of the no-picketing tac­ For the first time, Guild workers Washington Post ended April 24 as tic. They wanted to free the Guild from have a cost-of-living clause. They will Guild members voted to accept vir­ any obligation to honor a picket line receive compensation for price in­ tually the same two-year contract they by printers in the event the printers creases above 4. 7 5 percent in the first had previously rejected in a unani­ go on strike themselves. year, based on the government's price mous strike vote. The Guild represents The 1,200 members of the Columbia index. 875 editorial and commercial employ­ Typographical Union, representing The Guild lost its bid for a 100 ees at the Post. printers at the Post and the city's other percent union shop to replace the for­ The walkout, the first by the Guild's daily, the Washington Star-News, have mula now used. This formula requires Post unit, was crippled by the union's been working without a contract since that only eight out of every 10 employ­ failure to establish a picket line. Other September 1973. Loss ofjobs through ees hired be in the Guild. workers at the Post were asked by automation is the focus of the dispute. the Guild to continue working as usual. The printers haverepeatedlybeenslow­ NEW YORK- Negotiations continue "It.was a no-win strategy," said one ing press runs at both papers by re­ here between the International Typo­ Guild member after the strike. He add­ fusing to work overtime. graphical Union Local 6, and the ed, however, that a lesson had been city's three major dailies, the New York learned. The Post printers told the Guild they Times, New York Post, and Daily The aim of the no-picketing maneu­ would honor a Guild picket line and News. ver, as stated by Guild officials, was would maintain a 24-hourvigil by their Printers want contract guaranteeing job The printers have been without a to protect Post printers-who would machines to prevent management security in face of automation in news­ contract since March 30, 1973. The have honored Guild picketlines- from from installing computerized cold type. paper industry. key issue is job security, which is the introduction of automated cold­ But when the Guild leadership and threatened by the introduction of com­ type printing equipment. ·withholding bargaining committee finally decided puterized cold type. the skills of reporters and business to abandon their unsuccessful tactics a vote to return 'to work and accept A court injunction against job ac­ office workers was to be the main in the fourteenth day of fruitless nego­ the company's latest offer. The new tions by the union was overturned strike weapon. tiations, a recommendation to set up contract differs from the original offer April 18. Printers at the Daily News Less than $200,000 in advertising picket lines was defeated by an angrily only in very minor points. then began a slowdown aimed at put­ lineage was lost during the strike. The divided and demoralized membership. It calls for a 12 percent wage in­ ting pressure on the company. The Post continued to publish a full-size At a membership meeting two days crease over the next two years. The slowdown has continued, cutting out paper with the use of wire service sto­ later, there was a 34 7 to 229 vote to top minimums were raised from $400 dozens of pages of advertising on some ries and non-Guild employees. reject picketing once again, followed by to $448 a week, but less than half days. Rally launches SWP campaign in Washington By HELEN MEYERS Subcommittee on Labor, Health, Edu­ Washington was announced at the SEATTLE-More than 100 people at­ cation, and Welfare. She said she meeting. Dorothy Hawkinson, a 22- tended a celebration here to open the would campaign for equal pay and year-old student at the University of new Seattle Socialist Movement Center affirmative action for women work­ Washington, is running for state sen­ and launch the 1974 Washington So­ ers at the University of Washington, ator, 43rd District. Michael Downs, cialist Workers Party election cam­ and in support of the United Farm 31, a member of International Long7 paign. Workers. shoremen's and Warehousemen's The April 13 meeting was chaired Fraenzl also discussed the need for Union Local 19, is running for state by Fred Lovgren, SWP candidate for united labor action "in order to fight representative, position A, 43rd Dis­ U. S. Congress from the 1st C. D. "The back against inflation, unemployment, trict. Patricia Bethard, 28, a secretary, campaign we are launching tonight military adventures abroad, racism, is running for position B, 43rd Dis­ in this new headqu~rters is serving and sexism." trict. Jeff Ford, 25, a member of Com­ notice on those tax chiselers, exploit­ "Working women showed the way munications Workers of America Local ers and war criminals in the Demo­ when we met in Chicago to form the 9102, is running for King County cratic and Republican parties to watch Coalition of Labor Union Women," prosecutor. out-because their lies will be chal­ Militant/Michael Baumann she said. "Working people and their The meeting heard greetings from lenged in 197 4 by the Socialist Work­ Clare Fraenzl, socialist candidate for U.S. allies need to discuss how to orga­ Dale Van Pelt, United Farm Workers ers campaign," Lovgren said. Senate from Washington. nize a unified response to these prob­ organizer, and from Wendy Stevenson, The featured speakers were Maceo lems both through massive actions a leader of the Canadian Trotskyist Dixon, cochairman of the SWP 1974 Fraenzl blasted the .record of her like the truckers' strike and through movement. The meeting raised $1,900 National Campaign Committee, and opponent, Democrat Warren Magnu­ forming a labor party to carry the to fund the SWP campaign and com­ Clare Fraenzl, SWP candidate for U.S.. son, as chairman of the Commerce struggle into the political arena." plete work on the Socialist Movement Senate. Committee and the Appropriations The full slate of SWP candidates in Center.

Socialists speak at women's news conference NEW YORK-"You each have two 20th C. D. The other candidates and tween the massive resources in this minutes to tell us what your campaign officeholders on the panel were Demo­ country and the fulfillment of human is all about," said the Women's Po­ crats. needs. litical Caucus press coordinator as Moriarty was asked to use her two "There are no safe birth-control de­ she handed the microphone to the first minutes to explain why she had vices, insufficient day-care centers, we of a dozen candidates on the platform. chosen to run for the congressional are refused equal pay for equal work, The scene was a news conference seat currently held by Bella Abzug and it takes 50 years to pass an Equal sponsored by the Women's Political (D-N. Y.). Rights Amendment. Yet this country Caucus as part of their 1974 "Win "One thing Watergate has made per­ can go to war against the Vietnamese With Women" campaign. The caucus fectly clear," she said, "is that the and spend billions of dollars to prop had invited women members of the Democratic and Republican parties up dictators around the world. news media to meet New York's are incapable of reform. Their cam­ "It was these kinds of contrasts that women candidates. paigns are financed by the rich, who convinced me to join the Socialist By the time the first candidate took profit from inflation and unemploy­ Workers Party and to run for the microphone, more than 100 ment. And no individual, however U.S. Congress in 1974," stated So­ women had crowded into the second­ well intentioned, can change that sys­ journer. floor meeting room of Drug and Hos­ tem from within the Democratic and pital Union Local 1199. Republican parties." Taking note of the number of Of the dozen women candidates for Abzug did not attend but sent a women who stayed to talk to the so­ U. S. Congress, city council, and state message. cialist candidates, and the number assembly, two were socialists: Katherine Sojourner, running who left with SWP "campaign literature Katherine Sojourner, So~ialist Work­ against incumbent Democrat Edward tucked under their arms, one caucus Militant/Jean Vertheim ers Party candidate for U.S. Congress Koch, said one of the things that first member commented, "I certainly think Claire Moriarty, SWP congressional can­ from the 18th C. D., and Claire opened her eyes to the real nature of you've won a few socialist votes didate in New York, at Women's Political Moriarty, SWP candidate from the the capitalist system was the gap be- today!" Caucus news conference.

18 utlook A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOOALISM.

MAY 10, 1974

of the fruits of their battles. Sickened but in no way disheartened by Chal­ vet's butchery, they will renew the The general strike in Martinique: struggle to hold on to the gains of February, to block the government's maneuvers and efforts at intimidation, and to win those demands they have raised that have yet to be met. assessment by Antilles Trotskyists 7. To accomplish these aims it is [A series of important labor strug­ course of the struggles were the work by the majority of the workers. necessary to draw a balance sheet of gles swept the .French West Indian of "uncontrollable" groups. 5. The workers- and not only those January and February- one that is colony of Martinique earlier this year, 3. The reformist leaderships, who who belong to the G RS- must express not marked by complacency- in order culminating in a week-long general for their part were at a loss for what their indignation with the insulting to persuade the trade-union organiza­ strike in mid-February. As a result to do when confronted with the unex­ 'charge that they are incapable of lead­ tions to stop hesitating and to come of these strikes and demonstrations, pected breadth of the February strug­ ing their own struggles. They must forward with overall perspectives that Martiniquan workers were able to win gles and were driven to panic by the call these charges by their true name: are absolutely clear. some of their demands for wage in­ explosion of long-repressed popular sheer police provocations designed to Instead of being simply the sum creases and job security. discontent, objectively lent credence to prepare public opinion for repression of partial and similar struggles, the [The following assessment of the the regime's trumped-up version. -first against far-left militants and movement must become generalized struggles was written by the Political They systematically distorted the particularly the GRS, but then quick­ and united around demands that are Bureau of the Groupe Revolution So­ positions of the GRS and consciously ly spreading to all working-class polit­ common to all. cialiste (Socialist Revolution Group), concocted an idiotic amalgam of the ical organizations and trade unions. Among the demands, emphasis must the Antilles section of the Fourth In­ G RS and the other far-left groups. Faced with the repressive intent of be placed on those thatbestcorrespond ternational. The GRS played an im­ to the requirements and possibilities portant role in organizing the general of the present situation: strike, which was brutally attacked by -End low salaries, equal pay in­ the police and army. creases for everyone! [The statement appeared in the -Down with high prices and infla­ March issue of Liberation/Antilles-Gu­ tion; a sliding scale of wages under Y~"> :&~ n~~~~I- ~uhlWhM hy-GRS workers control! members living in France. The trans­ -No layoffs or unemployment; de­ lation is by Intercontinental Press.] crease the hours of work with no loss in pay! To win, the workers must organize 1. The powerful workers offensive themselves in all domains, above all that swept Martinique constituted the in the trade-union arena: membership first step of a vigorous response by in the trade unions for the unorga­ the Antillean masses to the high cost nized. Form new union locals where of living, low wages, discrimination, there are none, and strengthen them and injustice. where they already exist. Fight for In a magnificent outpouring, thou­ the fullest trade-union democracy. sands of workers from the newspaper Massive participation in the general France-Antilles, the electrical workers assemblies in each sector. Active sup­ union, the building trades, the munici­ port to the strike committees. pal governments, the banks, business The workers must do this in order offices, the hotels, the docks, the big to prevent the coming struggles from factories, the apartment complexes, the being isolated like those of January hospitals, the teaching profession- all and February. The arrlval in Marti­ with the support of the high-school nique of the forces of repression sta­ and college students -left their jobs, tioned in Guadeloupe and Guyane at took. to the streets, and once again least contains a lesson: The govern­ gave the trade-union central office the ment and the bosses are ready at any place it deserves at the very heart moment to make use of our countries' of the country's life. proximity. To combat the forces of 2. Reactionaries of all stripes, who reaction, workers can and must take had been convinced that the workers action together, in order to apply would agree to pay the cost of the common solutions to the similar prob­ Strikers carry the coffin of Renor llmany crisis of capitalism without a struggle, lems that are posed in our countries. were overcome with both panic and a 9. We are not isolated. The strug­ sheer mania for repression. gles of January and February met an The colonial regime was not con­ They finally ended up adding their the government and the bourgeoisie, unaccustomed response in France and tent with adding the names of [Renor] voice to the chorus of slanders and and with the bosses' thinly veiled the rest of the world. Whatever distor­ Ilmany and [Georges] Marie-Louise calumnies heaped on the G RS by the threat to organize private armed tions can be observed here and there [two banana workers killed by the bourgeoisie and the government. bands, workers self-defense can only in the reporting or analysis of the police during the general strike] to 4. The workers are familiar with be organized through working-class struggles, the fact remains that today the long list of martyrs of the An­ our politics. All of them want to make unity. the rest of the world has a little bit tillean people. It had to go further the trade unions into effective instru­ 6. The government's present plans better idea of what is going on in this and make a ludicrous effort to cover ments of struggle. Their aim is to -giving the workers some crumbs country. its cri"mes by creating a diversion­ carry out generalized and demo­ while lashing out at selected militants We will be able to count on interna­ the hysterical campaign against "left­ cratically organized struggles around -will be smashed by the resistance of tional working-class solidarity, in par­ ists," particularly the Groupe Revolu­ clear, unifying demands. the workers. Martiniquan working ticular the solidarity of French work­ tion Socialiste. Preparation of, participation in, and people cannot be satisfied with a few ers, if we merit it through our mili­ By adopting the official version put support to workers struggles are basic concessions paid for so dearly with tancy and determination. forward by Messrs. Orsetti [governor tasks for communist militants. That the blood of llmany and Marie-Louise, Forward to a victory of the work­ of Martinique] and Stasi [former is what the communist militants of the or with a few vague promises from ers! French minister of overseas colonies], GRS did. That is what they will con­ cabinet ministers. Forward to workers unity in action! the bourgeois press in both the Antil­ tinue to do, while putting forward the The movement, even in the opinion Forward with the joint struggle of les and in France frequently reported slogans, demands, and forms ofaction of the trade-union leaderships, has the workers of the Antilles and the events from a policeman's point of that seem correct to them and, at the only been temporarily suspel:fded; it Guyane! view, tending to leave the impression same time, respecting workers demo­ has not been stopped. The workers French troops, red berets, and le­ that the incidents that occurred in the cracy- that is, the decisions adopted will not allow themselves to be stripped gionnaires out of the Antilles! World Outlook W0/2

The general strike at Villa Constitucion Argentine workers fight for trade-union democracy By Gerry Foley waited in the factory, surrounded by the police. On the heels of the reactionary coup Then suddenly the strike firmed up. in Cordoba engineered by Peron, a "At 1:30 a.m. [March 9), Pascual general strike developed in mid-March D'Errico, a member of the Comisi6n in Villa Constituci6n, an industrial Intern a who was expelled despite being suburb of Rosario, dealing a sudden on vacation, arrived at Gate No. 1," severe setback to the regime's cam~ the Avanzada Socialista report. went paign to break the militancy of the on. "Many compafieros were sleeping Argentine workers. there in the intense heat. D' Errico im­ The most authoritative and know­ provised a banner and began to run ledgeable capitalist paper in Argen­ through the immense plant, shouting: tina was quick to raise the alarm: 'Se va a acabar, se va a acabar, la "What happened at the Acindar plant burocracia sindical.' [The union bu­ [in Villa Constitucion)," said La Na­ reaucracy is going to go down.) A cion, "was very grave. Observations demonstration formed behind him." collected in management circles con­ Later on that night, the bosses made firm the impression that, diverted by their first concession. They offered to the many functions they have to carry have the armored cars moved back if out at the same time, the trade-union the workers would allow managerial Rapid growth of Villa Constitucion strike leaders have, so to speak, lost the personnel to go in and out of the resembled that of strikes against mili­ contact with the rank and file that plant. The strikers agreed on condi­ tary dictatorship in 1969. is most necessary for their stability." tion that a certain number of admin­ That is, the Villa Constitucion strike istrators were kept always in the plant put in question the stability of one under guard by pickets. This arrange­ stewards. We began to strike because of the two pillars of the Peronist re­ ment caused some wrangles among Peronist thugs in Cordoba. Same goons we hated the trustees as much as the gime, the trade-union bureaucracy. management personnel, however, are used by Peron against class-struggle Acindar compafieros did. The week And, by extension, it undermined the when their relief was late in showing tendencies in trade unions. before, a compafiero named Tambori­ other essential prop of Peron's class­ up. ni had died of leukemia and we collaborationist experiment, the Bona­ The decisive factor in the first round weren't able to get the UOM to take partist authoritarianism of "the Su­ of the strike was the attitude of the Comision lnterna (plant committee) care of him. preme Commander of the Argentine Marathon workers, since most of the headed by an independent class-strug­ nationality." Metcon workers were still on vaca­ "At 7:00, the Comision Interna ar­ gle caucus, the Movimiento 7 de Sep­ tion. At 5:20 in the morning of March rived and called an assembly. They tiembre, Lista Marron (September 7 9, a team of Acindar workers began started attacking the strike, but the Democracy at Issue Movement, Brown Slate). The same to stop the buses bringing in the first people would not let them speak. Then process was occurring in the other shift at Marathon. At 6:00 a.m., they and there, the workers demanded that two plants, Marathon and Metcon, but the Comision resign. A new one was Unlike most of the wave of strikes assembled all the workers and started more slowly. elected, including us." that swept Argentina as the military a rally. In January, the old trustee was re­ Then the elected bodies in both dictatorship retreated and turned over moved for "negligence." The arrival plants began to coordinate the strug­ political office to the "people's general," of the new trustees coincided with the gle.. Their first joint action was a rally the Villa Constituci6n conflict was not start of an anonymous red-baiting over immediate economic demands. in the center of Villa Constituci6n. campaign in line with the one Peron The teams from the Juventud So­ The issue was democracy, the right of and the right-wing bureaucrats had the workers to elect their own leaders. cialista de Avanzada (JSA- the youth been trying to whip up over the assas­ group in solidarity with the PST) that And so the workers atAcindar struck sination of Jose Rucci in September. at the heart of Peron's demagogy and were going around the neighborhoods On March 7, the trustees, Jorge Fer­ collecting money and making posters gangsterism, a course that reached minqez and Lorenzo Oddone, tried to and leaflets for the strike reported that its height when the trade-union bu­ campaign openly in the plant against reaucracy's thugs and the police for­ this spirit was spreading throughout the elected representatives. A group the industrial suburb along Route 9. cibly removed the left Peronist gov­ of seventy to eighty workers responded The Metcon workers promised to go ernment of the province of Cordoba, by forcing them to leave, the March on strike Monday when they returned and the governor and deputy gov­ 13 issue of the PST paper Avanzada to work. The merchants offered help ernor then resigned in deference to Socialista reported in its detailed ac­ and promised to go on strike them­ the will of the "Supreme Commander." count of the origins and the first two selves if the community voted to. On the same day that the deputy days of the strike. governor of Cordoba, Atilio Lopez, "The next day the UOM sent a state­ one of the most widely respected of ment to the San Nicolas radio that Snowball Effect the Peronist labor leaders, accepted eleven compafieros-members of the a "new assignmenf' as a "soldier o. Comision Interna and various shop PERON. Villa Constitucion strike was a Peron," a new kind of leadership be­ stewards- had been expelled from the challenge to one of the central props of This snowball effect, catching up all gan to emerge in Villa Constitucion. organization 'because they refused to his regime- the trade-union bureaucracy. the popular sectors of the town, re­ It was on that day, March 7, that obey the leadership' and because this sembled the pattern of the general the bureaucracy of the Union Obre­ was necessary to 'purge the union of. strikes that were touched off by stu­ ra Metalurgica (UOM-Metal-Work­ Marxist elements,'" the Avanzada So­ dent protests against high prices and "Standing on a truck," Avanzada ers Union) decided to move to stamp cialista report continued. repression in the spring of 1969, and Socialista reported, "the Acindar stew­ out a few buds of workers democ­ "The bosses, for their part, notified that culminated in the first insurrec­ ards appealed to the Marathon work­ racy in the Acindar plant the expelled stewards that they were tionary general strike in Cordoba in ers to join the strike. They asked: The bureaucrats had just recon­ May of that year. It was this process no longer recognizing them, and, be­ 'Are you with Acindar, or with the firmed their control of the national ginning about that time, the police that broke the military dictatorship. trustees?' The response w~s unani­ union by an election in which all op­ Later on Saturday, the bosses made with armored cars took up positions mous. Hundreds of hands went up and position slates were banned and anti­ a new concession. They agreed to pay around the union headquarters and in a single shout was all that could be bureaucratic activists were attacked by for the days lost and called on the the vicinity of Acindar." heard: 'With Acindar!' armed thugs (Eduardo Greizenstein UOM leadership to meet with the of the Partido Socialista de los Tra­ Sit-in Begins "A compafiero asked: 'What if the workers to arrange for union elec­ bajadores [PST- Socialist Workers shop stewards come and want to call tions. Raineri, a hated agent of the party, a sympathizing organization of off our struggle, what will we do trustees, went into Acindar and told the Fourth International), was shot When the news of the expulsions then?' the workers that the expelled stewards in the back.) reached the workers, they stopped "The answer came: 'Elect new ones.'" would be reinstated in the union if the Ever since 1970, the UOM leader­ work and began to discuss what to A new leadership appeared at Mara­ strike were ended. He was given a ship had held the Villa Constituci6n do. In a short time they decided on thon. Some of them later explained to bad beating by the workers before local in trusteeship. In one of the three a sit-in strike. They posted guards an Avanzada Socialista reporter how the elected leaders could stop them. plants in the area, Acindar, the work­ at the gates, among other things to it happened: "On Saturday we all de­ The plant leadership called on the ers started to win back some rights keep the managerial personnel from layed clocking in. We were thinking trustees to come and negotiate in in 1972. They forced the bureaucracy getting out. The next shift joined the over what we had discussed at the person, promising to guarantee their and the bosses to recognize an elected strike; and the workers' wives began gate- supporting Acindar and the physical safety. committee of shop stewards and a to arrive, bringing food. The workers possibility of electing new shop On Monday, the bureaucracy hard- W0/3

ened, refusing to call elections. The out that the workers in the conflict World news notes strike spread. On Tuesday, it became are turning more and more against a general strike. The merchants, the the national and provincial authori­ Hitler and the pope bus drivers, and the railway workers ties, the Ministry of Labor, and the all joined and put themselves at the UOM, trying to create total anarchy. When Adolf Hitler's Nazi party came to power in Germany in service of the strikers. Proof of this is the presence in the 1933 its international isolation was one of the major problems On Tuesday, the government and Acindar plant of Juan Carlos Coral it faced. Six months later Pope Pius XII took the lead in helping­ the goons started up a new campaign and Paez." to break down that isolation by signinz- a concordat recognizing to intimidate the workers. A shop was As for the workers, Avanzada So­ the Nazi regime. blown up, and rightist gangs threat­ cialista indicated in its March 20 issue, Throughout World War II the pope, posing as the voice of God ened to attack the property of mer­ they seemed mainly interested in the on earth and the conscience of humanity, refused -to speak out chants who supported the strike. Death fact that a presidential candidate against the extermination of the Jews of Europe. He had no com­ threats were issued against five strike would come to support them. The PST punctions about vigorously denouncing atheism and communism, leaders. Seven members of the PST replied to the red-baiting attacks of however. were arrested while distributing leaf­ the UOM leadership as follows: Defenders of Pius XII have argued that the good pope was so concerned with the welfare of the Church and the souls under his lets for the strike. "H we published tens of thousands care that he didn't know about the Nazi death camps. This lame On Wednesday, police banned a rally of leaflets; if we covered the neigh­ excuse-one that was never credible-received another blow April the workers planned to hold in mid­ borhoods and called on the women 26 with the publication ef Vatican documents showing that Pius knew to organize and redouble their sup­ town. But the workers were able to about the mass deportation of Jews as early as 1941. 'By 1942 port (which was an essential factor get the police to agree not to inter­ he was getting numerous reports on the annihilation of the Jews. fere with the movement of their repre­ in the victory); ... if we accompanied sentatives and pickets. the workers delegations that went from Two legal agreements were formally Acindar to Marathon on Friday, 'IRA execution': a Scotland Yard assassination? accepted by the police. One of these March 8, and later to the two striking New revelations in Britain sound very similar to some of the proposals was drawn up on behalf Fabricaciones Militares plants in Ro­ information that has come to light in the U.S. about police infil­ of the workers by the presidential can­ sario; if throughout the country we tration and terrorism directed against the Black struggle. didate of the PST, Juan Carlos Coral, campaigned for statements and tele­ On April 13, Kenneth Lennon, a Catholic from Northern Ire­ a lawyer and experienced parliamen­ grams of suppott; and if for all this land, was found in a ditch in Surrey, England, with two bullets tarian, who offered to help the strikers we were respected activists in the in the back of his head. Police claimed the murder was the work in their negotiations. Coral had ar­ struggle and our opinions as political of an Irish Republican Army (IRA) execution squad. rived Wednesday along with JosePaez, and trade-union activists were listened But three days before his murder Lennon had gone to the Na­ the main leader of the second Cordoba to, it is because we are a socialist tional Council for Civil Liberties in London and, in a six-hour insurrectionary general strike in 1971, party, a workers party that is always statement, told how he had been blackmailed into becoming an in­ who is also a member of the PST. -or tries to be-in the forefront of former for Scotland Yard's Special Branch. The UOM leadership tried to use the struggles of our class. The Special Branch detectives told Lennon to infiltrate Irish or­ the presence of Coral and Paez to "Our party is made up of compa­ ganizations and "egg them on~" In one incident, after setting up red-bait the strike. In a statement fieros who have gone through strug­ three friends in a robbery aimed at getting money for the IRA, placed in the March 14 issue of the gles- the biggest and the smallest­ Lennon proposed a trip to look over the prison they were being Rosario paper Cronica, they wrote: but all the same kind as those in Vi- held in in order to prepare a jailbreak. His companion was ar­ "The Union Obrera Metalurgica points Continued on following page rested and sentenced to a three-year jail term, while Lennon was acquitted as part of an arrangement with the judge and prosecu­ tion. Lennon mentioned that the evidence was doctored by the police to make a stronger government case. In releasing Lennon's statement, the civil liberties council said that it showed that the Special Branch and police not only sought Harassment of PST mounts information on illegal activities, but also "sought to encourage such illegal activities." New harassment of the Argentine of having violated Article 203 of the The council's senior legal officer related that Lennon "said to Partido Socialista de los Trabajado­ new Penal Code. This article penalizes me that he thought the Special Branch might kill him and make res (PST- Socialist Workers party, a anyone involved in trying to "impose it look as though it were an Irish job." sympathizing organization of the his ideas by means of force." As "proof' Fourth International) is reported in of this "crime," the police cited leaflets the April 4 issue of the party's weekly and other publications of the PST sup­ One step forward, one step back Avanzada Socialista. porting a current bank workers strike. The West German parliament voted April 26 by a margin of The latest incidents took place in 247 to 233 to legalize abortions in the first three months of preg­ the predawn hours of March 29 in Hours later, when the two PST mem­ nancy. Under the law, abortions will be free, with medical costs the city of Mendoza. A powerful bomb bers were finally released and could covered by the government. exploded at the central headquarters return to the site of the bombing, they In the meantime, a recent issue of the Hungarian Communist of the PST, causing considerable dam­ found the interior of their headquarters party daily, Nepszabadsag, reported on the decision of the gov­ age to both the headquarters and ransacked, the telephone broken, and ernment there to make abortions illegal except in certain limited neighboring buildings. furnishings and literature strewn over cases. The Stalinist regime hopes this will increase the birthrate Immediately after the explosion, de­ the floor. of the country. tectives of the provincial police arrived The attack on the PST in Mendoza on the scene. Without a search war­ is part of a long series of bombings; New arrests in Brazil rant, these agents entered the head­ raids, and arbitrary arrests directed quarters and arrested two party mem­ against the party. As many as 200 people have been arrested in a new roundup bers, Abel Angel Alberto and Rodol­ On March 15-, an explosion took by Brazilian police, reports the April 22 Washington Post. Near­ ly 100 persons-mostly students- have been arrested in Sao Paulo. fo Lorenz'J Galvan, on charges ofhav­ place at their Beccar offices, follow­ The University of Sao Paulo was the site of an April 5 meeting ing set off the bomb. ing on the heels of a similar occur­ of 1, 500 people that formed the Committee for the Defense of Po­ Once at police headquarters, Alber­ rence March 5 at the party headquar­ litical Prisoners in Brazil. to and Galvan were accused instead ters in Neuquen. Other arrests were reported in Belo Horizonte, Brasilia, and else­ where.

Repression in Malaysia Trials were expected to begin in April for relatives of Malaysian political prisoners who were arrested during demonstrations de­ manding the release of the prisoners. About thirty protesters were arrested January 12 outside the offices of the home ministry in Kuala Lumpur. Another fifty were arrested January 18 when they demonstrated outside the parliament building. The Concerned Malayan Citizens for Democratic Rights, in a statement issued February 2, estimated that more than 600 per­ sons have been detained without trial under the Internal Security Act and the Preservation of Public Security Ordinance in prisons at Taiping, Batu Gajah, Seremban, Penang, and Kuala Lumpur in Malaya, and at the Changi camp in Singapore. Some of the prisoners have been held for more than ten years. Hundreds of other political prisoners are known to be held in concentration camps in the Sabah and Sarawak areas of Malaysia. Some prisoners have been released under extremely restrictive conditions. In January and February, prisoners at the Batu Gaj ah camp conducted a hunger strike to protest conditions there and against PST office in Mendoza after bombers and police had done their work the failure of the authorities to investigate the circumstances of the suicide of a prisoner at Taiping. World Outlook W0/4

in accordance with the best interests of both [Arab and Kurd) nations." Moscow emghgsizes sugg,Qtl (Emphasis added.) And in the early 1960s Moscow fre­ quently condemned the Iraqi regime's bloody reprisals against the Kurds. Iraqi regime bombs Kurdish villages "The tragedy of the Kurds in Iraq has alre<~dy become an international The Iraqi government has begun a share of the national budget pro­ chy, is still one of extreme poverty. issue" that "stirs up the righteous in­ intensive bombing of Kurdish-held portional to their representation in the Since the 1958 revoiution, the Kurds dignation of the broadest public in areas in northern Iraq in an effort population. have fought six Iraqi governments the world," the Kremlin declared in a to force the Kurdish national minori­ Kirkuk, which accounts for about to a stalemate.-Baghdad's 1970 prom­ July 7, 1963, protest. ty to accept Baghdad's proposal for 65 percent of Iraq's daily production ise of autonomy within four years That, of course, was before Moscow limited self-rule. On April 17, ac­ of 2.1 million barrels of oil, is geo­ temporarily concluded nearly a decade signed the April 1972 Soviet-Iraqi cording to a Kurdish radio broad­ graphically, ethnically, and tradition­ of open insurrection against the cen­ Friendship and Co-operation Treaty, cast monitored in Tehran, Iraqi MIGs ally a part of Iraqi Kurdistan. The tral government. It is this autonomy making the Iraqi Baathist regime one destroyed eleven Kurdish villages. KDP has agreed to a mixed Arab­ plan, finally unveiled in March of this of its closest Arab allies. It was also Some 50,000 Iraqi troops have been Kurdish administration in the area but year, that the Kurds have rejected before the Iraqi CP joined the Baath­ ordered to the Kurdish front, and demands that it be placed under the as "fake autonomy." ists in the National Front coalition Iraqi President Ahmed Hassan Bakr authority of a Kurdish executive coun­ In the past, the Kurds had been able government. has issued a decree calling part of cil. to count on some support from the In late March, as Soviet-armed Iraqi the military reserves to active duty. The Kurdish leadership has also Iraqi CP and Moscow. In 1956, for troops were already advancing on the Leaders of the Kurdish Democratic agreed to allow the central govern­ example, the Second Congress of the Kurdish region, Soviet Defense Minis­ party (KDP) reportedly expect a full­ ment to continue to collect the revenue Iraqi CP declared: "The Kurdish peo­ ter -Andrei Grechko paid a four-day scale Iraqi offensive once the torren­ from the nationalized oilfield. In re­ ple in Iraq is an inseparable part of visit to the Baghdad leadership. "The tial spring rains subside. turn, however, they demand 20 to the Kurdish nation in the whole of two sides," reported the April 2 of­ Meanwhile, the April 18 issue of 25 percent of the national budget, a Kurdistan.... An autonomy founded ficial publication Soviet News, "noted the Beirut magazine Arab World re­ figure corresponding to Kurdish repre­ on voluntary, militant, fraternal union with satisfaction that the friendly rela­ ported that the Iraqi KDP had set up sentation in Iraq's population of 10 constitutes a temporary settlement cor­ tions between the two countries were its own government administration­ million. KDP officials charge that to responding to the circumstances and stable.... " an eight-member executive council­ date they have never received more and planned to proclaim full au­ than 10-12 percent of official revenue. tonomy soon. The April 1 New York The Kurds are a predominantly Times reported that tens of thousands Muslim, non-Arab people generally be­ of Kurds had already flocked to the lieved to be descendants of the an­ mountainous northern area by foot cient Medes. Kurdistan, their home­ and mule to join the Pesh Merga, land, covers a territory of more than the Kurdish guerrilla army. 150,000 square miles in Iran, Iraq, The Baghdad autonomy plan, is­ the Soviet Armenian Republic, Tur­ sued March 11 as a fifteen-day ul­ key, and Syria. Numbering some 10 timatum, has been rejected by the million altogether, 80 percent of whom Kurdish leadership as an "attempt to are landless peasants, the Kurds live liquidate Kurdish national rights." in extreme poverty in what can most They charge the Baghdad plan of­ accurately be described as the most fers no more than limited local ~;elf­ underdeveloped areas of underdevel­ rule and leaves all real decision-mak­ oped countries. ing power in the hands of the rul­ A study published by the Czechoslo­ ing National Front of the Baathist vak Academy of Sciences in 1965 es­ (Arab Socialist) party and the Iraqi timated the average annual income of Communist party. an Iranian Kurdish family of four at The proposal also failed to grant $26. Their situation in Iraq, though Kurdish demands for administrative improved after the 1958 revolution control over the Kirkuk region and that overthrew the Hashemite monar- Since 1958 the Kurds have fought six Iraqi governments to a stalemate

for shop elections within 45 days and cession twenty-five blocks long to the er of the rightist coup) or Gelbard's union local elections within a maxi­ central plaza to celebrate their victory. as opposed to those of Lopez Rega, of mum of 120 days, under the super­ ''We are convinced that the kind of elections as opposed to intervention. vision of two representatives from each workers and popular mobilization The confrontation is beginning to be factory. that at least for the moment has won waged on the fundamental ground of ... Argentina On Saturday, 5,000 workers and the demands in Villa Constitucion is class struggle." their wives rallied on the Acindar the way to solve the country's crisis, Continued from preceding page grounds before marching in a pro- drive out imperialism, and build so­ lla Constitucion. It is made up of com­ cialism," the March 20 Avanzada So­ pafieros who, like Coral, have sat in cialista wrote. SUBSCRIBE TO parliament or, like Paez and Exposito, "In 1968," another article said, "when have led unions or, like Rabino, have the workers learned that their union headed committees of militant shop leaders were accomplices of Ongania Intercontinental stewards; it is made up of activists and the system, they began a process who have tried to inspire- and have that, from Chocon to the Cordobazos, Press inspired- mobilizations like the ones swept away the feverish bourgeois World Outlook can publish oniy a small in Villa." dreams of twenty years of military portion of the international news and The decisive day for the strike, ac­ dictatorship. In 1974, the workers Marxist analysis contained each week cording to Avanzada Socia lis ta, was seem to have come to understand that in the newsmagazine Intercontinental Thursday, March 14. Signs of fatigue Peron is a new obstacle to their re­ Press. To be thoroughly informed of were showing up in the factories. "But bellion. Thus it is possible that with international revolutionary develop­ two measures saved the situation. One the Acindar action they have begun ments, subscribe to Intercontinental was letting one shift go home and rest a new process, a process that they Press. and the other was Pichi's speech to will carry on in the Banco Nacion the women, calling on them not to let strike, one which points the way to­ ) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. the men weaken. The women orga­ ward great struggles for political ) Enclosed is 50 cents for a single copy of the latest issue. nized a committee and began to par­ power, for building socialism. The ticipate actively." next months will determine whether Name______Another important factor was a this possibility becomes a reality.... strong force of pickets that maintained "With the spectacular antibureau­ Address ______discipline and held off the police. cratic victory in Villa Constitucion, Heavy police pressure was kept up the working class seems to have come City ------until the end. Paez and another group onto the scene-directly, without 're­ of PST activists were arrested Friday. spectable' intermediaries or fraudu­ State ______But the same day, a personal repre­ lently elected representatives. It is no sentative of Peron's wife, who is vice­ longer a question of arguing about Send to: Intercontinental Press, Box 116 president of Argentina, showed up. Obregon Cano's merits as opposed Village Station, New York, N.Y., 10014. An agreement was reached providing PST leaders Paez {left) and Coral to those of Colonel Navarro [the lead- Two defendants beaten Setting of Attica trial dates postponed By DAVE STRONG serious of all charges. BUFFALO-Judge Carmen Ball con­ Attorneys for the defense, including vened the second "calendar call" Ap­ former attorney general Ramsey Clark tUJ #f£ !liE 8f!lfllffk.£: ril 29 in an attempt to establish trial and William Kunstler, protested that dates for the 60 Attica defendants. the state; which claims to be ready ····· tAJ~4:mcA With two exceptions, the calendar for trial, has failed to provide the call was postponed until June 10. defendants with necessary pretrial dis­ Attica Brother Frank "Big Black" covery material. ·f~EE ALL : ~ . . Smith, who is the director of the Buf­ They pointed to the recent conven­ ..... /·' falo defense office, was unable to at­ ing of a second grand jury and to tend because of illness, and his ap­ a story that appeared in Newsday pearance was postponed until May April 23 as further evidence of the 13. one-sided and biased nature of the A court-appointed attorney for Ver­ grand jury. The story said thatthefirst non LaFranque, who is free on bail, grand jury had written up, but never stated that he is ready for trial, and filed, an indictment against a state a tentative trial date was set for May trooper for the murder of a prison 20. LaFranque is charged with pos­ guard. session of prison contraband, the least When several of the defendants who are in jail refused to go to court with their hands cu~ect behind their backs, they were badly beaten. Attica Brother Chris Reed suffered a possible broken hand. Brothers Baba and Shango were beaten on the head Militant/Candida Barberena and required stitches. Brother Mariano "Dalou" Gonzalez was badly beaten and Buffalo; and Young Socialists for Finch The rally was followed by a spirited put in solitary confinement. and Morrison. march to the jail where 17 of the At­ In a related development, 350 sup­ Speakers at the rally included Gladys tica Brothers are being held for court porters of the Attica Brothers attended Bissonette, from the American Indian appearances. an April 27 rally and march downtown Movement, who gave a message of to protest the racist frame-ups. solidarity on behalf of the Wounded Attica defendants spoke to the pris­ The rally was sponsored by a wide Knee defendants; Gary Lawton, a oners in the jail through a portable range of organizations here, including Black activist framed up on murder sound system. The prisoners responded BUILD, a local Black organization; charges in Riverside, Calif.; Alfredo by shouting, waving, and banging on Martin Sostre Defense Committee; Viet­ L6pez, a leader of the Puerto Rican the steel windows of their cells. ·::: nam Veterans Against the War; Young Socialist Party; and a representative For further information on the case, Militant/Baxter Sm'i;h Workers Liberation League; the Black of the National Alliance Against Racist contact Attica Brothers Legal Defense, Attica Brother Mariano 'Dalou' Gonzalez Student Union at the University of and Political Repression. 1370 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y. 14209.

Militant sales drive Areas set for target issue-goal to sell1 0,000 By ROSE OGDEN Pittsburgh. Supporters there have de­ Plans are being mapped out for in­ on page 23. This week we received re- Sales of the April 26 Militant (head­ cided to increase their weekly goal tensive sales activity around the May quests for new bundles from readers lined "Ethiopia: mass revolt deepens") to 375. 17 Militant, which has been slated na­ in Clint, Tex., and in Pittsburgh, Pa. total 8,471. This is 85 percent of our Atlanta supporters also topped their tionally as a special target week to goal to sell 10,000 copies in addition goal and report that more than 200 meet our goal of 10,000. In many to subscriptions, newsstand sales, and copies were sold at Socialist Work­ cities Militant and Young Socialist sales by supporters who do not send er Party campaign street rallies. sales will be combined with election Scoreboard in weekly reports. Chicago supporters met their goal of campaigning for SWP candidates. SOLD The response to the cover article 700. Ninety-six of these were sold at Boston supporters, for example, have LAST on Ethiopia varied from city to city, a shopping area near the South Works set May 11 as a campaign Saturday, AREA GOAL WEEK % steel plant. The day prior to their sales but some areas report that it was and they are organizing a series of PiHsburgh 350 527 151 warmly received in the Black com­ all residents in the area were evacu­ street rallies in the Black community St. Louis 325 395 122 munity. Washington, D.C., supporters ated because of a poison gas leakage. and other working-class neighbor­ Milwaukee 25 30 120 found this to be true and were able "After dramatically experiencing the hoods. Some areas are planning to Detroit 400 441 110 to reach their goal for the first time effects of capitalism fouling things up, take extra large Militant bundles and Atlanta 500 536 107 this spring. people were very interested in a radical aim to sell more than their weekly Bellingham 30 32 107 "People in D. C. are concerned and paper," reports Chicago sales director goal. Oald and/ Berkeley 800 810 101 aware of developments in Ethiopia," Lenore Sheridan. All readers are encouraged to join Washington, D. C. 400 403 101 explains sales director Jim Gotesky. Members of the Milwaukee Young So­ us in distributing The Militant You Chicago 700 700 100 "The Black population here was es­ cialist Alliance sold out their entire can participate in weekly sales with Columbia, Mo. 25 25 100 pecially interested, and our sales on bundle of 30. They report, "Our suc­ members of the SWP or YSA in your Dallas 10 10 100 the streets and to Black students went cess was due to the fact that we or­ area (their addresses are listed in the Indianapolis 50 50 100 very well." ganized sales teams for the American Socialist Directory on page 22), or Nashville 70 70 100 Leading thescoreboardwith thehigh­ Motors Plant, where we sold 24. We you can order a bundle to be sent to Philadelphia 400 400 100 est percentage of their goal sold is plan to regularize these sales." you directly by sending in the coupon Raleigh, N.C. 5 5 100 State College, Po. 10 10 100 Logan 30 29 97 Lower Manhattan 500 469 94 Los Angeles socialists arrested selling papers Ann Arbor 35 32 91 LOS ANGELES-Municipal au­ In response to the legal briefs ing illegal drugs so he could be Twin Cities 350 316 90 thorities here are attempting to in­ filed by Harris and Singer, the L. A. charged with a felony. Lawrence, Kans. 13 11 85 fringe political rights by limiting city attorney has already added an­ As of April 29 both cases are Seattle 425 360 85 sales of The Militant. other charge against Singer, while awaiting rulings by the judges on L.A. (West Side) 350 287 82 Stu Singer, organizer of the West the Santa Monica city attorney is demurrers filed for the defendants. San Diego 325 260 80 Side L. A. branch of the Socialist threatening to add a charge of inter­ The demurrers charge that.the laws L.A. (Central-East) 350 271 77 Workers Party, was arrested recent­ fering with traffic against Harris. violate constitutionally protected Portland 325 249 77 ly for selling The Militant at the free speech when applied to sales of Brooklyn 450 324 72 L.A. International Airport. The L.A. city attorney claims that a political newspaper. Cleveland 350 248 71 Singer was handcuffed for several selling The Militant is a commercial In Santa Monica the city will not Santa Barbara 25 16 64 hours and is now free on $125 bail. -not political-activity. However, issue a permit to sell The Militant Houston 500 304 61 Young Socialist Alliance- member the four or five plainclothes cops on the streets, while the L.A. depart­ Tuscaloosa 10 5 50 Jane Harris was issued a ticket for who arrested Singer seemed to un­ ment of airports has its own Catch- Upper West Side (N.Y.) 475 218 46 selling The Militant to motorists at derstand that he was not selling the 22. The department claims that one San Francisco 525 225 43 a gas line in Santa Monica. Los Angeles Times. company, Host Incorporated, has Denver 450 175 39 The cops questioned Singer about been granted a monopoly on sales Huntsville 20 7 35 Both are charged under Santa his "communist affiliations" and re­ at the airport. But Host refuses to Boston 700 218 31 Monica and Los Angeles laws marked while thoroughly searching carry The Militant on its news­ Geneseo, N.Y. 25 3 12 against selling without a license. him that they hoped he was carry- stands. TOTAL SOLD LAST WEEK 10,000 8.471 85

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 19 In Review The fight for socialist democracy: Samizdat: Voices of the Soviet Opposition. Edited by George Saunders. Monad Press. Distributed by Pathfinder Press. New York, 1974. Paper $3.95.

By Dave Frankel The spirit of defiant insurrection that marked the overthrow of tsarism in Russia and the establish­ ment of the frrst socialist government in the world in 1917 is alive and growing in the Soviet Union today. This spirit is not to be found in the Krem­ lin, where expensive gifts, narrow-minded com­ placency, and counterrevolutionary politics make Richard Nixon feel right at home. Rather, it is to be found in Siberian prison camps, in "special" psychiatric hospitals, and where­ ever those standing up to the bureaucratic tyranny of Stalinism come together. It is a spirit that shines throughout the pages of this collection of writings from the Soviet dissident movement. The hatred of privilege and oppression, which is an essential attribute of revolutionary fighters, leaps out from the pages again and again. A young woman, part of an underground group of antibureaucratic communists, is asked by the judge at her trial wh.at their program would be if they had power. "First, we would send you out to work," she responds. Valentyn Moroz, a fighter against the oppression of the Ukrainian people, who is now being held in a ward for the criminally insane in Vladimir pris­ on, says to his persecutors: "It has become evident that instead of intimidating people, you have Books aroused their interest. You wanted to extinguish the frre, but instead you added fuel to the flames. Nothing has contributed so much to stimulating political life in the Ukraine as your repressions.

"That golden age when all of life was forced to conform to official patterns has disappeared never to return. Today· there is culture outside the min­ istry of culture and philosophy outside the journal left Oppositionists at exile colony in Siberia demonstrate on anniversary of Bolshevik revolution. The year is ap­ Voprosy filosofiyi [Questions of Philosophy]. Now parently 1928. Banner at right, with portraits of lenin and Trotsky, proclaims, 'Long live the Dictatorship of the there will always be phenomena that appear in the Proletariat.' world. without official sanction, and with each year this stream will grow." The confidence expressed by Moroz and others is tor of this collection of writings, explains: "I live in the provinces where, for every electri­ not without foundation. The death of Stalin in 1953 "The historic place of the oppositional elements fied home, there are ten unelectrified, where in the marked a new stage in Soviet political life, and that have developed in the Soviet Union, for all winter the buses can't get through, and the mail nothing the bureaucracy has done since then has their disparatel'less and loose organization, was is late by whole weeks. If information has reached been successful in stifling the dissident movement. described rather aptly by Andrei Amalrik, 'You us on a broad scale, you can well imagine what must keep in mind that it is the first opposition of you have done, what kind of seeds you have sown A historic movement any kind, outside the inner circle of the party, since throughout the country." The reason for the resilience and tenacity of the Stalin triumphed over Trotsky.' Yakhimovich's estimate is backed up by the geo­ oppositional elements in the Soviet Union lies not "Grigorenko [a dissident leader] was clearly graphical breadth of the dissident movement. Pro­ just in the moral qualities of the dissidents. It is aware of the potential significance of their work. tests, arrests, local samizdat journals, and accounts a reflection of the objective consequences of bureau­ 'Isn't it true,' he asked, 'that Lenin, together with of local struggles and repressions have been seen cratic rule. a small group of intellectuals, helped make our rev­ in Ukraine, in the Baltic countries, in Siberia, in This is explained in an appeal for gradual de­ olution? That's why it is possible that a small. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, as well as in Lenin­ mocratization addressed to the Soviet party lead­ group could help make another revolution some­ grad and Moscow. ers by Andrei Sakharov, Roy Medvedev, and Va­ day.'" The Chronicle of Current Events, one of the main lery Turchin that appears in this volume. samizdat publications, appeared bimonthly with "As a consequence of the increased size and com­ a few exceptions for almost five years, from April plexity of economic systems," says their appeal, Extent of opposition 1968 through 1972, despite a concerted campaign "the problems of management and organization Samizdat is a Russian term coined by post-Stalin by the Soviet secret police to stamp it out. have moved to the forefront. These problems can­ dissidents to designate the uncensored material­ not be resolved by one or several persons holding usually typed manuscripts- that circulates clan­ The '11eo-Leninists' power and 'knowing everything.' These problems destinely throughout the Soviet Union. Samizdat­ Samizdat: VoiCes of the Soviet Opposition focuses demand the creative participation of millions of meaning "self-publishers"- is a parody of the of­ on the "neo-Leninist" or "neo-Bolshevik" section of people on all levels of the economic system. They ficial term, Gosizdat, the acronym for State Pub­ the dissident movement- that section of the move­ demand the broad interchange of information and lishers. ment that characterizes itself as socialist and that ideas." Although the name is new, the practice is as old accuses the bureaucracy of perverting the genuine As the Soviet working class grows in culture and as censorship. The extent of samizdat circulation tradition of the October revolution. self-confidence, the rule of the bureaucracy becomes is indicated by the testimony of Ivan Yakhimo­ For understandable reasons, this current in the ever more intolerable. The Stalinist parasites hold vich in a 1968 letter protesting the persecution of dissident movement has been largely ignored in the back the growth of the economy, choke··all avenues young dissenters. capitalist press. However, Saunders points out in of political life, and stifle creativity. In that atmo­ Yakhimovich, who was later to spend two years his introduction that even scholars hostile to Marx­ sphere, it is no wonder that the bureaucrats have in an asylum after being declared "psychologically ism have been forced to admit that most of the dis­ noted an increase in drunkenness, cynicism, and irresponsible," said, "Let Novy Mir again print the sidents see Stalinism as a distortion of the revolu­ religion. works of A. Solzhenitsyn. Let G. Serebryakova tion rather than as a legitimate manifestation of The dissident movement holds out the alternative publish her Sandstorm in the USSR and E. Ginz­ Marxism. He cites the breaking up of large neo­ perspective of political struggle against the dead burg her Journey into the Whirlwind. Anyway, Marxist youth groups in Gorky, Samara, Sara­ end of bureaucratic rule. George Saunders, the edi- they are known and read; it's no secret. tov, and Leningrad in the last few years.

20 Voices of the Soviet Opposition One of the foremost representatives of this neo­ This anonymous Bolshevik explains how he saw Leninist current is former major general Pyotr the fight against Stalin. "The left wing of the Rus­ Grigorenko. Grigorenko is currently confined in sian Communist Party," he writes, "led by L. D. a psychiatric prison for a condition that, accord­ Trotsky, was the representative of the interests ing to the official psychiatric report, is "character­ of the city proletariat, the rural poor, and the ized by the presence of reformist ideas, in particu­ agricultural workers. The Left Opposition pro­ lar for the reorganization of the state apparatus. posed a plan for the industrialization of the coun­ try, which flowed from the vital need to trans­ The late Bolshevik writer Aleksei Kosterin was form Russia technologically and improve the stan­ another of the main leaders of the neo-Leninists. dard of living of the workers and peasants. The Kosterin, who joined the Bolshevik Party in 1916 Left Opposition called on the party to render direct and fought in the civil war, was a living link with assistance to the world proletariat in the effort the revolutionary past for many of the younger to establish throughout the world the power of dissidents. the proletariat and peasantry- Soviet power." Although Kosterin was never a member of the Looking back on his life, he says, "Yes, we Trotskyist Left Opposition, he spent 17 years in carried our idea of the world socialist revolution Pyotr Grigorenko (left) and Ivan Yakhimovich, promi­ Stalin's death camps. Kosteri.D.'s funeral in Novem­ through great and frightful experiences. But neither nent figures in left wing of Soviet opposition. ber 1968 became the occasion for an open meeting the taiga, nor the tundra, nor our difficult life of dissidents, and the speeches given there are in­ with its icy breath broke our will to struggle, to cluded in this collection. the end, giving up our lives. Grigorenko, who compiled the speeches at this "Many of us fell in that struggle. But we placed amine 'Trotskyism' as a finished program, and, event.' wrote, "To keep one's faith in the ideals our hopes in other generations that would come; even more to the point, as an organization," it says, one chose to serve in early youth, to keep them and they will come, not only in our country but "then unquestionably 'Trotskyism' is extremely 'right up to the gravestone' and to keep them in in all countries of the world, to carry the torch weak in the USSR. However, its indestructible spite of ordeals that are terrifying even to recall, of world revolution proudly on into every country force stems from the fact that it expresses not only revolutionary tradition but also today' s actual let alone to survive- it is not given to many to of the world without exception, to every people opposition of the Russian working class. do this." that lives on our planet." "The social hatred stored up by the workers And in fact a new generation has begun once against the bureaucracy-that is precisely what Revolutionary continuity again to look to socialism for solutions to hu­ from the viewpoint of the Kremlin clique consti­ manity's problems. This is hardly surprising. As tutes 'Trotskyism.' It fears with a deathly and This sense of the importance of ideas and ideals Grigorenko explained in an open letter to the Con­ is a continuing theme among the dissidents, as is thoroughly well-grounded fear the bond between ference of Communist parties in Budapest in 1968, the deep but inarticulate indignation of the workers the importance of human dignity and of belief in "The Communist ideal for social organization lives people. Grigorenko speaks of Kosterin' s "faith that and the organization of the Fourth International." in the dreams of humanity on a much broader people are meant to walk the earth with their scale than the teachings of Marxism. And natural­ heads held high, not to crawl before the power of ly Marxism, as the scientific expression of human­ A maior publishing event money or before an' authority' or before the powers ity's dream, cannot disappear just because there The rise and continuing activity of an anti-Stalin- that be." has been an unsuccessful attempt at the realization 1st opposition inside the USSR is a development of According to one of the participants in his funer­ of that dream." historic importance. And the publication in the U. S. al, Kosterin had explained that it was only after However, the new generation of rebels, both in­ of the writings of the pro-Marxist wing of this his imprisonment in Siberia "that all the scales fi­ side the Soviet Union and in the advanced capi­ movement is a major event in its own right. nally fell from my eyes. Only there did I finally un­ talist countries, wants a banner untarnished with The value of this book is multiplied by the out­ derstand that in our country Marxism-Leninism the crimes of Stalin. Only the Trotskyist move­ standing job done by George Saunders in explain­ had been buried, and the Leninist party had been ment-the genuine continuator of the Bolshevik ing the context of the various samizdat statements annihilated." tradition- provides this banner. and the broader developments within the Soviet dissident movement. Saunders's introduction is the The Left Opposition This anthology contains a powerful report by an eyewitness on the resistance and extermination first overall explanation and survey of Soviet op­ But the Left Opposition headed by Leon Trotsky of the Trotskyists at Vorkuta in the 1930s, as positional currents since the 1940 s done from a fought the Stalinist bureaucracy from the begin­ well as the memoirs of Aleksandra Chumakova. Marxist point of view. That alone is worth the price of the volume. ning. The greatest strength of this book is that it Chumakova was a member of the Soviet Commu­ The voice of the neo-Leninist oppositionists in brings to life the connection between the Trotskyist nist Party in the 1930s. Her husband was a mem­ opposition of the 1920s and 1930s and the new ber of the Left Opposition, and she spent 23 years the Soviet Union, with their slogan of "Leninism dissident movement. This revolutionary continuity in the Stalinist prison camps. Yes! Stalinism No!" will prove to be a powerful is expressed most vividly and most movingly in force on the side of the revolutionary movement the "Memoirs of a Bolshevik-Leninist," printed in throughout the world. It comes through loud and this book in English for the first time. Trotskyism in USSR clear in this book, and it should get the widest These memoirs, completed in the late 1960s, An example of the type of discussion on Trotsky possible circulation. are the account of an anonymous member of the among younger dissidents that appears in samizdat Every person who wants to know what Stalinism Left Opposition. The author served in the Red is also given. The volume concludes most ap­ is and about the fight against it should get a copy Army in the civil war, was imprisoned in the propriately with an appendix containing the sec­ of this book. 1930s, and was released to serve again in the army tion of the Transitional Program for Socialist Rev­ Those who ask if Brezhnev and Kosygin repre­ following the Nazi invasion in June 1941. He was olution on the Soviet Union. sent socialism should be given this book. confined to the camps once again in 1949, where This basic programmatic document of the Fourth And above all, every revolutionary who wants he remained until the massive strikes following International, written in 1938, points out that to understand the struggle in the Soviet Union to­ Stalin's death forced the dismantling of the camp Stalin's purges were all conducted under the banner day and the struggle of the Left Opposition in the system. of a struggle against Trotskyism. "If we are to ex- 1920s and 1930s should read this book. 'Memoirs of a Bolshevik-Leninist' The following excerpt from 'Memoirs of a Bol­ You better hide yourself somewhere or take one first, they would be denounced or they would shevik-Leninisf describes the atmosphere in the off for the countryside. Times are bad. No telling be judged and condemned for not having de­ USSR in 1928, at the time of Trotsky's exile what will happen." nounced.... Many such people were sent off to central Asia. Unfortunately he turned out to be right. Times to prison. Such was the situation in the country. were bad. All brave and honorable, free-thinking Treachery was called patriotism and villainy Approaching my home on' Malaya Bronnaya, people who expressed their ideas openly about was called valor. For such qualities, prizes and I met an acquaintance. He was a philistine, the barbarisms taking place in the party and in medals were awarded. People began to be afraid of which there were many in those days. They the country were removed from their jobs or of one another. Fear entered every home. It kept their noses clean. When it seemed to him demoted in rank or sent off to the hinterlands was dangerous to say hello to the wife of an that the Opposition was getting the upper hand, and put on the blacklists that were being pre­ arrested friend. If someone had denounced you he would ingratiate himself with me and butter pared for mass repressions. on one day, the next day you were ground into me up, dropping little phrases of sympathy, Arrests of Oppositionists were taking place the earth like a worm and the author of the having in mind a soft spot for himself some­ throughout the country. Denunciations and slan­ denunciation was rewarded. Then somebody day, with my help. This person was scared der became an everyday affair. People spied on would denounce the informer and he would suffer now. Looking around from side to side, he one another and denounced each other not so the same fate. This period is now called "the came up to me with great caution and whispered, much out of loyalty to the "powers that be" as period of mistrust and suspicion in relations '-"Don't tempt fate, your game is played out. out of fear that if they didn't denounce some- between people."

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 21 PHilADELPHIA an Oakland police- spokesman said, "They didn't have any respect for REPRESSION IN LATIN AMERICA. Panel discussion. "We don't know what the hell the may­ Judge Bottum because he didn't have Fri., May 10, 8 p.m. 1004 Filbert St. (one bloclr north or is talking about." any respect for their attorney," ob­ of Morlrel). Donation: $f. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information coli (215) WAS-4316. In the meantime, two other victories serves Roubideaux. Calendar have been won by the Black com­ Standing when a judge enters a BROOKLYN PORTLAND munity. "Inciting to riot" charges were courtroom is not required by law, THE PORTUGUESE WARS IN AFRICA. Speakers: Malik THE CRISIS IN EDUCATION. Speakers: John Lemon, Roubideaux says, but is only meant Socialist Workers Party candidate lor state superin­ dropped againstYvonrieGolden, Black Miah, Yaung Socialist Alliance; Ornowale Clay, Com­ to show respect. For example, a trial mittee lor Freedom in South Africa; others. Fri., May tendent of public instrudio~ others. Fri., May 10, teacher activist. The board of educa­ 10, 8 p.m. 136 Lawrence St. (near A&S). Donation: 8 p.m. 208 S.W. Stark St. Donation: $1. Ausp: Mili­ tion had been trying to railroad her of Wounded Knee defendants in a fed­ 51. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call tant Bookstore Forum Series. For more information to jail over an incident at a board eral court in Sioux Falls, a few blocks (212) 596-2849. call(503) 226-2715. meeting where the presence of a gang away from Bottum's court, is now in progress and in that case the judge DENVER lWINCinES of uniformed Nazis had provoked a DEFEND JOSE CALDERON! Speakers: Jose Calderon, SOCIALIST EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE, MAY 10- scuffie. does not require people to stand. state chairman, Colorado Raza Unida Party; Joel Hou._ 11. Fri., May 10, 8 p.m.: Women's liberation & the In addition, Popeye Jackson, leader But Bottum ordered the courtroom labor movement. Speaker: Lindo Jenness, stall writer man, Socialist Workers Party candidate for U.S. Con­ of the United Prisoners Union, suc­ cleared anyway. He left and defen­ gress, lsi C.D. Fri., May 10, 8 p.m. 1203 California. lor The Militant; Sat., May II, 10:30 a.m.: Genocide dants and spectators waited for two Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more informa­ against the Indians. Speaker: Joe Henry. 3 p.m.: Dis­ ceeded in having his parole reinstated tion call(303) 623-2825. sidence in the USSR. Speakers: Ed Jurenas, Socialist by the California Adult Authority. The hours. Workers Party candidate lor U.S. Congress, 5th C. D.; Authority had threatened to revoke In charged 24 members of the state Bill Onasch. HOUSTON his parole on the basis of alleged nar­ tactical police squad. HALT THE TERROR IN CHILE. Speakers: Tom Vernier, "They came in swinging their clubs," Socialist Workers Party; Bill Pisciella, United States CAMPAIGN BANQUET. Sat., May II. Speakers: Lindo cotics possession- a charge on which said Roubideaux. "They were like ani­ Committee for Justice to Latin American Political Pris­ Jenness, staff writer lor The Militant, 1972 SWP presi­ the courts had already found Jackson mals." oners. Fri., May 10, 8 p.m. 3311 Montrose, Second dential candidate; Jane Van Deusen, SWP candidate innocent. The day of his hearing, 200 Floor. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more lor governor of Minnesota. 5:30 p.m., refreshments; Roubideaux said that the police could supporters marched in the rain out- information call(713) 526-1082. 6:30 p.m., dinner; 7:30 p.m., program. 25 University have carried the spectators from the side San Quentin's main gate. _ Ave. S. E., Mpls. Donation: $5 _lor entire we_ekend; $1 court peacefully as they had several LOS ANGELES per session or campaign program; $3 for dinner and Jackson's victory was especially im­ SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SOCIALIST EDUCATION & campaign program onry. For more information call portant in light of the 'campaign the days before. ACTIVISTS CONFERENCE, MAY 10-12. Fri., May 10, 16 12) 332-7781 . But that wasn't their purpose. gov~rnment has attempted to launch 8 p.m.: The socialist view of Watergate. Speaker: against prisoner and ex-prisoner or­ Roubideaux says the defense has a Maceo Dixon, cochairman, Socialist Workers Party witness from the American Lutheran 1974 National Campaign Committee; Sat., May 11, ganizations, based on the alleged roots 10 a.m.: Picket at the Chilean consulate (427 W. 5th of the terrorist Symbionese Liberation Church who stood outside in the hall­ St.); 2 p.m.: Marxism vs. terrorism and liberalism. Army in the prison reform movement. way and heard the cops talking before Speaker: Barry Sheppard, SWP. Sessions at UCLA ~Zebra' they stormed the courtroom. Ac­ & ... Mathematics Sciences Bldg. Continued from page 9 cording to the witness, some of the SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN BANQUET. Speak­ tended as a show of force to intimi­ comments were: "Let's go in and crack ers: Olga Rodriguez, SY.!P candidate for governor of date the Black community and gener­ their heads,""Let's go in and getthem," California; Dan Styron, SWP candidate lor U.S. Sen­ ate a racist hysteria by playing on ... AIM and "Let's beat those Indians out of ate. Sat., May 11, 5 p.m., refreshments; 6 p.m., Continued from page 24 there." the fears of whites. The string of un­ dinner; 8 p.m., program. Workmen's Circle Cultural for a delay in the trial. When the The police charged in, heading Center (1619 S. Robertson Blvd.) solved shootings merely provided a three defense attorneys said they straight for the defense table, and pretext. Sun., May 12, 11 a.m.: Young Socialists for lloclriguez would not continue, Bottum ordered shoved and beat defendant Dave Hill, Another factor is undoubtedly Alio­ workshop. 230 Broadway, Santa Monica; I p.m.: beach Roubideaux jailed and suspended the who was standing there. to's sagging campaign for the Demo­ party. Donation: $2 for conference; $4 for banquet; other two lawyers, Jack Pratt and Others were also attacked. Some $5 for both. Ausp: Young Socialist Alliance and Young cratic gubernatorial nomination. (Lat­ David Allen, from further participa­ picked up chairs to defend themselves. Socialists for Rodriguez. For more information call est polls show he has slipped from sec­ (213) 483-0357. tion in the trial. One chair crashed through a win­ ond to third place, behind Democratic The following day, Pratt and Allen dow. Supporters outside tried to gain NEW YORK CITY front-runners Edmund Brown Jr. and were reinstated. Roubideaux, an Indi­ entrance to the courthouse. Some were PICKET LINE AT SOVIET AIRLINE TO DEMAND RE­ Robert Moretti.) He may well have an, notes the racism of the judge's repulsed. LEASE OF PYOTR GRIGORENKO. Tues., May 7, 5 ordered the "Zebra" search as a grand­ p.m. Corner of 45th St. & Fifth Avenue. Ausp: Ameri­ action. All three attorneys refused to Candy Hamilton, a member of the can Solidarity Coalition. stand play for the white racist "law­ continue the trial, but Bottum jailed Sioux Falls defense committee, saw and-order" vote. only the Indian. Hlll as he was carried from the court­ NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN Since the dragnet was ruled uncon­ The next day, about 50 Indians house. "His face was covered with THE COUP IN PORTUGAL AND THE STRUGGLE FOR stitutional, Alioto's headline-hunting AFRICAN LIBERATION. Speaker: Tony Thomas, staff and white supporters refused to stand blood," she said. "Another person had writer for The Militant. Fri., May 10, 8 p.m. 706 Broad­ has grown evenmorebizarre. He broke when Judge Bottum entered the court­ a deep gash on his head. Some had way (near 4th St.), Eighth Floor. Donation: $1. Ausp: off a campaign tour to take part in room. Bottum ordered the courtroom rib injuries." Militant Forum. For more information call (212) 982- a mysterious 3 a.m. meeting that he cleared, and police removed the spec­ Five persons are in jail, including 6051. implied could lead to a breakthrough tators, who remained nonviolent. two on felony charges, Roubideaux NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE on the case. He also alleged that there Some of the spectators were carried said. A defense representative has THE HEARST KIDNAPPING: WHY REVOLUTIONISTS have been 80 "Zebra" killings through­ and others were dragged. urged that telegrams expressing out­ OPPOSE TERRORISM. Speaker, Claire Moriarty, Social­ out California since 1971. That set the stage for the April 30 rage and protesting the police assault ist Workers Party candidate lor U.S. Congress, 20th Even California's notoriously right­ courtroom police riot. be immediately sent to Judge Joseph C. D. Fri., May 10,8 p.m. 2726 Broadway (near 104th St.) Donation: $1, Ausp: West Side M~itont Forum. wing attorney general, Evelle Younger, Again Bottum entered and again Bottum, Minnehaha County Court­ For more information call(212) 663-3000. saic;l Alioto had gone"overboard, "while no one stood. house, Sioux Fails, S. D. 5710 2. Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o Steve Shliveclt, P.O. S. Wabash, Filth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP­ 5I. Cfoud: YSA, c/a Atwood Center, St. Cloud State PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Col­ Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. 85281. (31_2) 939-0737, YSA-(312) 427-0280, Pathfinder Books Cal lege, St. Cloud, Minn. 56301. lege, Edinboro, Po. 16412. Tucson: YSA, S. U. P. 0. 20965, Tucson, Ariz. 85720. -(312) 939-0756. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/a Student Activities Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, I 004 CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oaldand: SWP and YSA, 1849 INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Missouri ot Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Filbert St. (one block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: (415) Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, lnd.47401. Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. 548-0354. Indianapolis: YSA, c/o Dave Ellis, 1309 E. Vermont, St. Louis: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 4660 Mary­ PiHsburgh: SWP and YSA, 304 S. Bouquet St., Pitts­ Los Angeles, Central-East: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ Indianapolis, Ind. 46202. land, Suite 17, St. Louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: (314) 367- burgh, Pa.15213. Tel: (412)682-5019, store, 710 S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. IOWA: Iowa C;ty: YSA, c/o IMU, Univ. of Iowa, Iowa 2520. 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22 LOS ANGELES-~------Los Angeles Socialist Workers Sell 1974 Campaign Banquet SATURDAY, MAY 11. Refreshments, 5 p.m.; dinner, 6:30 p,ITi,j program, 8 p.m. Speakers: OLGA RODRIGUEZ, SWP candidate for governor; DAN STYRON, SWP candidate for U.S. Senate. Donation: $4. WORKMEN'S CIRCLE CULTURAL The CENTER, 1619 S. ROBERTSON BLVD. For reservations or more information Militant call (213) 483-1512. Join The Militant's sales campaign b.y ( ) Enclosed is $4 for a Militant MINNEAPOLIS------·------~ taking a regular weekly bundle to sell shoulder bag (large enough to carry on your campus, at your job, or near dozens of Militants plus books, leaf­ where you live. The cost is 17 cents lets, etc.) Twin Cities Socialist per copy, and we will bill you at the end of each month. AddressName------______Educational Conference May 10-11 FRIDAY, MAY 10, 8 p.m-.: 'Women's liberation and the labor movement.' Speak­ City------er: LINDA JENNESS, staff writer for The Militant, 1972 Socialist Workers Party I want to take a weekly sale~ goal State------Zip ___ of __ . _presidential candidate; SATURDAY, MAY 11, 10:30 a.m.: 'Genocide against Send me a weekly bundle of--· 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. the Indians.' Speaker: JOE HENRY. 3 p.m.: 'Dissidence in the USSR.' Speakers: ED JURENAS, SWP candidate for Congress, 5th C. D.; BILL ONASCH.

CAMPAIGN BANQUET. SATURDAY, MAY 11. Refreshments, 5:30 p.m.; dinner, 6:30 p.m.; program, 7:30 p.m. Speakers: LINDA JENNESS and JANE VAN DEUSEN, SWP candidate for governor of Minnesota. 25 UNIVERSITY AVE. S.E., FOURTH FLOOR, MPLS. Donation: $5 for weekend; $1 for each session or Subscribe ______---... program; $3 for dinner and program. For more information call (612) 332-7781.

Behind Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 Classified cents per line of 56-character-wide type­ Kent State A FILM SHOWING. Morlan Branda in 'BURN.' Also wriHen copy. Display ad rates: $10 per FROM KENT STATE 'LA PATRIA ES VALOR Y SACRIFICIO.' May 10 and column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad and Watergate May II, B p.m., St. Mark's Church, lOth St. and 2nd is enclosed). Payment must be included TO WATERGATE Ave. Donation at the door. Proceeds to Committee with ads. The Militant is published each cover-ups for Puerto Rican Decolonization. For more inlorma­ --STILL NO lioncall (212) 260.1290. week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: Also in the May YOUNG SOCIALIST: Friday, one week preceding publication, JUSTICE INDOCHINA CHRONICLE. Journal on Vietnam, laos, for classified and display ads; Wednes­ Vets and amnesty elnterview with Cambodia. Recent issues on Paris Peace Agreement, Mozambique liberation Front (FRE­ day noon, two days preceding publica­ Provisional Revolutionary Government, laos accords. tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) LIMO) leader • D. C. Black students Published I 0 limes a year. lntrodudory rate: 53.70. 243-6392. fight cutbacks • Union women orga­ Indochina Resource Center, P.O. Box .4000-D, Berkeley, nize • FBI plot to crush Black move­ Calif. 94704. ment • New rise of African revolu­ tion • Red Guard leader tells of dis­ illusionment with Mao eJudge re­ fuses to halt frame-up of Wounded RISE OF AFRICAN REVOLUTION Knee militants. __ Enclosed is $1 for 6 months. __Enclosed is $2 for 1 year. Name=------­ Address:------City, State and Zip:------

YS, P. 0. Box 471 Cooper Station, N.Y., N.Y. 10003 LaborS Radical Heritage

AMERICAN LABOR STRUGGLES,l877-1934 by. Samuel Yellen "The author has joined fme scholarship with an admirable judgment in recording the neglected history of labor's march towa:r:.d indepen­ dence.''- Harvey OTConnor, author of World Crisis in Oil Yellen recaptures ten major confrontations between laboring men and women and the owners of America's mines, mills, railroads, and ships-from the railroad uprisings of 1877 to the 1934 San Francisco general strike. Each strike is depicted forcefully through the use of eyewitness accounts. A Monad Press Book. 416 pp., paper $3.95

TEAMSTER REBELLION by Farrell Dobbs "A valuable fU"sthand account of heroic battles led by rebels of another day, men who faced martial law and two killings to open the road to mass unionism."- Union Democracy Review A Monad Press Book. 192 pp., 15 pp. of photos and illustrations, $6.95, paper $2.45

TEAMSTER POWER by Farrell Dobbs Dobbs, a revolutionary socialist and the central strike strategist, gives a step-by-step account of the 1930's 11-state campaign to or­ ganize the over-the-road drivers that led to the transformation of the Teamsters into the powerful union that it is today. A Monad Press Book. Index. Photos. 255 pp., $8.95, paper $2.95

Monad Press Books are exclusively distributed by Pathfinder Press, Inc. These books are available in the bookstores listed in The Socialist Directory on the facing page or by mail from: Pathfinder Press, Inc., 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. Write for a complete catalog. 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014.

THE MILITANT/MAY 10, 1974 23 THE MILITANT ryears massacre By NANCY BROWN May 4 marks the fourth anniversary of the Kent State massacre, the day the Ohio National Guard opened fire on peaceful antiwar demonstrators. Four students were killed. Contrary to the hopes of former governor James Rhodes, former at­ torney general John Mitchell, and Richard Nixon, the American people -have not forgotten the deaths of these four young people, or the brutal kill­ ings that followed of two Black stu­ dents at Jackson State in Mississippi. Instead, the Watergate revelations have opened everyone's eyes to the bloody methods used by the capitalist

Nancy Brown is the Socialist Workers Party candidate for gov­ ernor of Ohio.

rulers of this country in their attempts to suppress protest movements here and around the world. The Kent State students were dem­ onstrating against the genocidal war Ohio National Guard fires at Kent State students on May 4, 1970 in Southeast Asia. The May 4 kill­ ings-coming right after Nixon's in­ vasion of Cambodia- touched off the most massive student strike in history. Vietnamese, who can seriously doubt of eight national guardsmen still leave And what about Richard Nixon It was Nixon's fear of that May that Nixon could resort to the same the big criminals in this case free. himself? What role did the White 1970 upsurge that led him to con­ methods in the hopes of.. crushing the What about James Rhodes, who House play in the instructions even­ spire with other government officials antiwar movement on the campuses? made deliberately inflammatory state­ tually handed down to. the Ohio Na­ to draw up the "Huston spy plan." Indeed, right after the Kent State ments at Kent State the day before the tional Guard? We now know that the White House shootings, the Ohio authotities, in co­ shootings, calling the students "worse Despite all the questions that remain plotted against the antiwar move­ operation with federal officials, than the brownshirts"? Rhodes is walk­ unanswered in this case, the Water­ ment and tried to intimidate its sup­ launched a cover-up of the entire ing around free today, and is even gate committee in the Senate, and the porters. event. running for reelection! other congressional bodies investi­ We also know that the FBI waged a Governor Rhodes set up a grand What about Attorney General Wil­ gating Watergate, have never seen fit deadly campaign against the Black jury that indicted the victims of the liam Saxbe, former senator from Ohio to hear witnesses about Kent State. liberation movement, a campaign Guard attack- students and profes­ and close ally of Rhodes? Saxbe has Nor have they shown any interest in aimed at preventing the rise of a Black sors-and absolved the true crim­ been outspoken in opposing the re­ the other crimes of the government "messiah." This FBI plot raises many inals. opening of the Kent State case. What against Blacks, socialists, and other questions about the assassinations of Finally, when the government real­ is he afraid an impartial investigation dissenters. Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, and lized it couldn't make these outrageous might find? All those who believe in justice many Black Panthers. charges stick, John Mitchell, who was What about John Mitchell, who used should support the efforts of the fami­ After seeing how the police killed attorney general, closed the case al­ the Justice Department to frame lies and friends of the slain Kent stu­ Black activists, after seeing how the together. It took the Watergate events up antiwar and Black activists, but re­ dents to unravel the cover-up in this U.S. government slaughtered and to force the story into the open again. fused to carry out a federal investiga­ case and bring the real criminals to maimed hundreds of thousands of But the new grand-jury indictments tion of the Kent State shootings? trial. Cops attack Indians in Sioux Falls courtroom By GREG CORNELL a demonstration in Custer, S.D., on Roubideaux said he will make a asking for 50 challenges, or 10 for Club-swinging riot police stormed a Feb. 6, 1973. That demonstration oc­ motion seeking dismissal of the case each defendant. Had the defendants circuit courtroom in Sioux Falls, S.D., curred after a white man killed an or a mistrial. He said he will also •been tried separately, each would have April 30 in a vicious attack on Indian Indian. move that Judge Bottum disqualify gotten 10 challenges. defendants and courtroom spectators. The Custer protest preceded by himself from the case. A preemptory challenge allows the The police attack was unprovoked, several weeks last year's seizure of The events leading up to the police prosecution or the defense to excuse Ramon Roubideaux, counsel for the Wounded Knee. Since then the gov­ assault are as follow: a prospective juror without any show American Indian Movement (AIM), ernment has been attempting a whole­ Five days before, on April 25, of cause. The defense points out that told The Militant. sale frame-up of Indians in order to Roubideaux was found in contempt jury selection is critical. They say a AIM leaders Russell Means and destroy the American Indian Move­ of court by Judge Bottum and sen­ survey shows that 60 percent of South Vernon Bellecourt termed the assault ment. tenced to a day in jail and a $100 Dakotans are pr~udiced against In-: "a police riot." Roubideaux called the April 30 club­ fine after he refused to continue with dians. Roubideaux said in a telephone in­ swinging assault "incredible." jury selecn•~u. The defense has also asked the state terview that police were called after Two Indians were beaten uncon­ Roubideaux had been asking for high court to allow two other attor­ spectators in the courtroom, including scious. One, Dave Hill, who is a de­ a continuance of about two days un­ neys besides Roubideaux to question 16 Indians, refused to stand when fendant, is hospitalized in serious con­ til the South Dakota Supreme Court prospective jurors. They also want Circuit Judge Joseph Bottum entered. dition, Roubideaux said. He may lose could rule on a defense request for to get a daily trial transcript, which Bottum is presiding over the trial his sight in one eye. Another Indian, more preemptory challenges to jurors. Bottum has refused. of five persons, four of them Indians, Ted Means, is also reported to be Bottum has granted the defense only Bottum denied the defense request who face state riot charges following seriously hurt. 10 such challenges. Roubideaux was Continued on page 22..J

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