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National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol. 1: Terrestrial Realm National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 TECHNICAL REPORT Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm REPORT NUMBER: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6370 i National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol. 1: Terrestrial Realm CITATION FOR THIS REPORT Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6370 CHAPTER CITATIONS Chapter 1: Skowno, A.L. Raimondo, D.C. & Poole, C.J. 2019. ‘Chapter 1: Introduction and Approach’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L. Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 2: Poole, C.J., Raimondo, D. & Driver, A. (eds.). 2019. ‘Chapter 2: Benefits of Biodiversity in the Terrestrial Realm’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby JA (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 3: Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Driver, A., Powrie, L.W., Hoffman, M.T., Van de Merwe S., Hlahane, K., Fizzotti, B. & Variawa, T. 2019. ‘Chapter 3: Pressures and Drivers I – General’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 4: van Wilgen, B.W., Wilson, J.R., Faulkner, K.T., Mnikathi, Z., Morapi, T., Munyai, T., Rahlao, S. & Zengeya, T.A. 2019. ‘Chapter 4: Pressures and Drives II – Biological Invasions’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 5: Foden, W., Midgley, G., Kelly, C., Stevens, N. & Robinson, J.2019. ‘Chapter 5: Pressures and Drivers III – Climate Change’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 6: Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Dayaram, A. & Kirkwood, D. 2019. ‘Chapter 6: Input Data’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 7: Skowno, A.L., Matlala, M.S., Kirkwood, D. & Slingsby. J.A. 2019. ‘Chapter 7: Ecosystem Assessments’ in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 8: Raimondo, D., Von Staden, L., Van der Colff, D., Child, M., Tolley, K.A., Edge, D., Kirkman, S., Measey, J., Taylor, M., Retief, E., Weeber, J., Roxburgh, L. & Fizzotti, B. 2019. ‘Chapter 8: Indigenous Species Assessments’ in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 9: Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C. & Fizzotti, B. 2019. ‘Chapter 9: Biome Summaries’, in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J. & Fizzotti, B. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 10: Tolley, K.A, da Silva, J. & Van Vuuren, B. 2019. ‘Chapter 10: Benefits, Trends and Risks to Genetic Diversity’ in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 11: Skowno, A.L., Daniels, F., Driver, A., Midgely, G., Foden, W., Stevens, N., Van Wilgen, B.W., Wilson, J.R., Faulkner, K.T., Mnikathi, Z., Morapi, T., Munyai, T., Rahlao, S., Zengeya, T.A., Poole, C.J. & Pfab, M. 2019. ‘Chapter 11: Responses to Pressures’ in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Chapter 12: Skowno, A.L., Poole, C.J. 2019. ‘Chapter 11: Knowledge gaps and research priorities’ in National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B. & Slingsby, J.A. (eds.). South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. This report uses the names of the government departments confirmed in June 2019. Please refer to www.gov.za to see all the changes in government departments and ministries. 2 National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol. 1: Terrestrial Realm This report forms part of a set of reports that make up the South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018. SYNTHESIS REPORT NBA 2018 For reference in non-scientific publications South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). 2019. National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: The status of South Africa’s ecosystems and biodiversity. Synthesis Report. South African National Biodiversity Institute, an entity of the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6362 For reference in scientific publications Skowno, A.L., Poole, C.J., Raimondo, D.C., Sink, K.J., Van Deventer, H., Van Niekerk, L., Harris, L.R., Smith-Adao, L.B., Tolley, K.A., Zengeya, T.A., Foden, W.B., Midgley, G.F. & Driver, A. 2019. National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: The status of South Africa’s ecosystems and biodiversity. Synthesis Report. South African National Biodiversity Institute, an entity of the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6362 TECHNICAL REPORTS NBA 2018 1. Terrestrial Skowno, A.L., Raimondo, D.C., Poole, C.J., Fizzotti, B., Slingsby, J.A. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Realm. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6370 2. Inland Aquatic (Freshwater) Van Deventer, H., Smith-Adao, L., Collins, N.B., Grenfell, M., Grundling, A., Grundling, P-L., Impson, D., Job, N., Lötter, M., Ollis, D., Petersen, C., Scherman, P., Sieben, E., Snaddon, K., Tererai, F. & Van der Colff, D. 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: Technical Report. Volume 2: Inland Aquatic (Freshwater) Realm. CSIR report number CSIR/NRE/ECOS/IR/2019/0004/A. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6230 3. Estuarine Van Niekerk, L., Adams, J.B., Lamberth, S.J., MacKay, F., Taljaard, S., Turpie, J.K., Weerts S. & Raimondo, D.C., 2019 (eds). South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: Technical Report. Volume 3: Estuarine Realm. CSIR report number CSIR/SPLA/EM/EXP/2019/0062/A. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Report Number: SANBI/NAT/NBA2018/2019/Vol3/A. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6373 4. Marine Sink, K.J., Van der Bank, M.G., Majiedt, P.A., Harris, L., Atkinson, L., Kirkman, S. & Karenyi, N. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 4: Marine Realm. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. South Africa. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6372 5. Coast Harris, L.R., Sink, K.J., Skowno, A.L. & Van Niekerk, L. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018: Technical Report. Volume 5: Coast. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6374 6. Sub-Antarctic Territory Whitehead, T.O., Von der Meden, C., Skowno, A.L., Sink, K.J., Van der Merwe, S., Adams, R. & Holness, S. (eds). 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 6: Sub-Antarctic Territory. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6375 7. Genetic Diversity Tolley, K.A., Da Silva, J.M. & Jansen Van Vuuren, B. 2019. South African National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Volume 7: Genetic Diversity. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6376 3 National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 Technical Report Vol. 1: Terrestrial Realm ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The terrestrial assessment of the National Biodiversity Assessment 2018 was funded by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) in terms of allocating some staff time and funding for workshops. However, the terrestrial assessment would not have been possible without the substantial in-kind contributions of time, data, analyses and sometimes actual monetary contributions (in terms of travel to workshops) from numerous individuals and institutions. An estimated 10 000 person hours was spent on the terrestrial assessment during the period April 2015 to April 2019. The assessment was led by Dr Andrew Skowno from SANBI, with
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