C T®DAY ~ Southern African Development Community Vol

C T®DAY ~ Southern African Development Community Vol. 4 No 2 December 2000 rJ~ Tanzanians give Mkapa a second term by David Martin their image by failing to run their own last elections the opposition had won 22 elections properly. of the mainland seats. he ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi Mkapa increased his majority from As they had done in 1995, the oppo (CCM) party and incumbent pres the 61.8 percent of the popular vote at sition political parties once again tried Tident, Benjamin William Mkapa his first election in 1995 to 71.7 percent to appeal to ethnic and religious roots. scored an overwhelming victory in Tan this time. Importantly, he did so without One opponent spoke in the local vernac- zania's second multi-party elections. Mkapa, who was challenged by three opposition candidates, was sworn in at the National Stadium in Dar es Salaam on 9 November 2000 for his second and last constitutional term as Tanzania's president at a brief, colourful ceremony attended by a number of invited region al leaders. For Tanzanians who also attended the ceremony Cir celebrated the over whelming victory elsewhere in the mil lion sq km country, it was a time for re joicing as once again they had demon strated their regional uniqueness. "We have shown southern Africa and the world that our votes cannot be bought by ethnic and religious political President Mkapa waves at party supporters when campaigning in the October general election considerations and appeals," a Tanza the endorsement of Tanzania's founding ular instead of the national Swahili at two nian political observer noted. president Julius Kambarage Nyerere, campaign rallies. But in the event, his Nevertheless, after the mismanage who died over a year ago. overtures were rejected and the CCM ment of the elections five years ago, CCM party devastated the opposi- also regained two of the six seats it had mainland Tanzanians are clearly irritat tion taking all but nine of the 181 con- ed that Zanzibaris have again soiled stituency seats on the mainland. In the continued on page 8 Maputo summit tackles intricacies ol peace in DRC by Antonio Gumende were going smoothly in the conference progress was the level of attendance. hall of the sumptuous Rovuma Carlton The summit brought to Maputo the pres en President Joaquim Chis Hotel in downtown Maputo, or the pres idents of DRC, Laurent Kabila; Robert ano took advantage of a ident was trying to cool off the tension Mugabe of Zimbabwe; Thabo Mbeki of Wihort break in the summit held built up over more than six hours of South Africa; Sam Nujoma of Namibia in Maputo on 15 October 2000 to inau diplomatic horse-trading with a simple who is also chairperson of SADC; Paul gurate an art exhibition somewhere in the melody. Kagame of Rwanda and; Yoweri Musev Mozambican capital, he came out of the Requested by Zimbabwe, the sum eni of Uganda who were joined by the conference whistling a soft melody to mit was convened and chaired by South host. himself. "I will go and come back in a Africa with Mozambique playing host. There were many ministers accom minute," he assured media corps who Judged by the commitment made by the panying the presidents but most must were anxious to know whether the sum main countries with troops assisting dif have been left wondering why they took mit was over. ferent sides in the Congolese conflict, the trouble to travel to Maputo as they For a president to emerge whistling the Maputo summit achieved more than spent their time mingling with journal after lengthy hours of discussions could could realistically be expected. ists. The meeting was held behind tight have many interpretations. It could be The first sign of the commitment of ly closed doors and ministers were not taken as an indication that either issues the parties to the conflict to make continued on page 10 INSIDE

0 Policy Review: SADCT®DAY President Nujoma's visit to Southern African Development Community the SADC Secretariat; Vol. 4 No. 2 November 2000 SADC-EU Foreign Affairs SADC TODAY is produced by the South- Ministers meeting 3 em African Research and Documentation Centre (SARDC) six times a year on behalf of the SADC Secretariat in Gaborone, Botswana. Its contents do not necessarily reflect the official positions and opinions 0 A call to exploit SADC's of the SADC Secretariat or SARDC. Ma- terials from this newsletter may be repro- tourism potential 7 duced freely by the media and others with attribution to SADC TODAY. Investment Summit © SADC, SARDC, 2000 " 0 SADC's disaster Editorial Committee Tinashe Madava, preparedness comes Phyllis Johnson, Hugh McCullum, under spotlight as rainy Jabulani Sitho!e, Nomalanga Moyo, season begins 10 Grace Buhera, Renato Pinto

Editorial Advisors Esther Kanaimba Head of SADC Public Relations 0 Documentalists discuss Petronilla Ndebele SADC Information Officer information marketing strategies 11 Editor SADC free trade area 5 Munetsi Madakufamba

Design & Layout/DTP Juliet Mucheki 0 Guest Column: A look at Print Coordination SADC Stock Exchanges 12 Brighton Kadzambaira

Origination/Printing Crystal Graphics and Cannon Press, Harare

Contributions are welcome from individu- 0 Community building: als and organisations within the SADC Culture and Sport 13 region in the form of articles, news items, and comments, and also from outside the region. The publishers reserve the right to select or reject items and edit for space Mining forum 6 available. 0 Book review, recent Correspondence should be addressed to: '£NARE publications and acquisitions 14 SADC TODAY Southem African Research and i Documei 1tation Centre (SARDC) 13 Bath Road, Belgravia, P.O. Box 5690, 0 SADC diary, Harare, Zimbabwe public holidays, Tel: 263-4-738 694/5/6 currency checklist 16 Fax: 263-4-738 693 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sardc.net Gender Intervention g

2 SADC TODAY, November 2000 POLICY REVIEW regional cooperation Nuioma calls tor economic growth to eradicate povertv ADC needs economic growth to made recommendations on the restruc President Nujoma announced that eradicate poverty. The Chairper turing which would be discussed at the steps are being taken to fill the post of Sson of SADC, Namibian President Council of Ministers meeting in Gabor the Executive Secretary in the near fu Sam Nujoma said this during his inaugu one during the last week of November. ture. ral visit to the SADC Secretariat in Gabo The Acting Executive rone, Botswana at the end of October. Secretary of SADC, Prega President Nujoma said, "The people Ramsamy said President of southern Africa are in a hurry to see Nujoma had assumed his the regional economic growth, without position as chairperson of which poverty cannot be eradicated." SADC at a critical time in the About 40 percent of SADC's estimat history of the organisation. ed population of200 million live in abject He pointed out that, poverty, a statement from the Secretariat "first, a number of protocols said. have come into force and are The Namibian president, who took now at the implementation over as chairperson from Mozambican stage. Secondly SADC is in President Joaquim Chissano in August the process of undergoing 2000, stressed the need to strengthen a major restructuring". regional institutions for conflict preven Ramsamy added that tion, management and resolution. He said President Nujoma meets the Acting SADC Executive Secretary at these developments pose SADC House during his official visit in October this should be done with a view to effec serious challenges on the tively contribute towards the mainte He added that the restructuring exer ability and preparedness of the organi nance of regional peace, security and sta cise is intended to streamline and sation to deliver on the expectations of bility. strengthen institutions of the Communi the people of the region who are looking On the restructuring of SADC insti ty with a view to make SADC more effec upon SADC as the vehicle to carry them tutions, President Nujoma noted that the tive and efficient in pursuit of the re towards increased regional economic de Review Committee of Ministers, at a meet gional integration agenda and economic velopment and improved quality of ing held in Windhoek in October, had growth. life.o Gaborone to host SADC-EU ministerial conference oreign ministers representing economic and social developments in the be the new Cotonou Agreement which SADC and European Union two regions. succeeded the 25-year old Lome Con F member states are set to meet in The meeting is also expected to reaf vention that expired in February 2000. Gaborone, Botswana at the end of No firm the principles that guide relations The ministers are expected to en vember to exchange views and share ex between the two regions - democracy, dorse recommendations of a SADC-EU periences on economic integration. human rights, good governance and the seminar on the rights of the child held in Briefing journalists ahead of the ruleoflaw. Harare last month, and discuss illicit drug meeting, Acting Executive Secretary of "The ministers will focus on devel trafficking in diamonds and natural dis-· SADC, Prega Ramsamy said the minis opments in the SADC region including aster prevention and management. ters are expected to review the political, conflict prevention, management and The biennial meeting started in 1994 resolution as well as when ministers from the two regions met specific country situa in Berlin, in what became known as the tions . . . and political Berlin Initiative. Other meetings have developments in the since been held in Windhoek ( 1996) and EU region particularly Vienna (1998). the EU enlargement," The EU is a key international coop said Ramsamy. erating partner for SADC. The Europe Other issues to be an Commission has given SADC approx discussed include imately 500 million euros since 1976, debt cancellation, and mainly under the SADC-EC Regional building on the mo Indicative Programme. mentum created at the Ramsamy said the assistance has Africa-Europe Summit "enabled SADC to rehabilitate its ports held in Cairo, Egypt in and harbours, construct key roads, com (ltoR) Permanent Secretary in Botswana's Foreign Affairs Ministry, April this year. plete regional north-south and east-west Ernest Mpofu, SADC Acting Executive Secretary, Prega Ramsamy and SADC's progress corridors, and achieve better animal dis EU Head of Delegation in Botswana, Robert Collingwood at a media on regional integration ease controls."D briefing in Gaborone. will be reviewed, as will SADC TODAY, November 2000 3 CURRENT ISSUES trade and investment Windhoek summit on changing investor perceptions vate sector, between governments them vestment and economic growth. The re by Grace Buhera selves and between the region and the gion has been described as the "next recent trade and investment con developed world are the recipe for sus frontier of economic growth in the conti erence held in the Namibian tainable development and present the nent." apital Windhoek underscored only avenue through which the region Many SADC countries have em the need to change negative investor can extricate itself from the web of pov braced development strategies which perceptions as a key step in attracting erty, underdevelopment and escalating have resulted in market liberalisation, fis foreign direct investment. debt, according to the international in cal restraint, privatisation of state enter Participants attending the Interna vestors who attended the conference. prises. tional Herald Tribune Southern Africa "Economic linkages, comparative ad Despite the e efforts, insignificant Trade and Investment Summit added vantages, economic exploration, and not foreign direct investment (FDI) has their voice to the growing sentiment that exploitation, should form the basis for a found its way into the region. The World investors are not coming to southern Africa because of lack of infrastructure, but perceptions that the region is not stable due to the wars in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Traditionally, investment in sub-Sa haran Africa has gone where the re sources are, regardless of political sta bility. Investment has not been respon sive to conditions often demanded by foreign investors - liberalisation, pri vatisation, deregulation or peace and sta bility. Angola, for example, has attracted over US$700 million worth of investment up to the end of 1999 because of its oil resources despite the fact that it is at war. Some Ministers from southern African came to answer questions from investors Namibian Prime Minister Hage Gein gob said "investment in mining and oil is location specific, but investment in new relationship wit~ the developed Investment Report 2000, shows that in manufacturing is not." world," added Bilisoni Itayi, Chairperson 1999 Africa attracted 1.2 percent of glo He called for "inclusive partnerships of the Malawi Investment Promotion bal FDI flows, representing only five that involve Africans themselves. We Agency. percent of FDis into developing coun ask our partners to consider the region Many delegates agreed that SADC tries. not just as a market, but also a place member states have worked hard to cre Acting Chief Economist at the SADC where goods can be produced and ex ate the right conditions for increased in- Secretariat, Angelo Mondlane, gave ported." some interesting statistics. In 1999, Zimbabwe's .------~--~ SADC investment rate averaged 16.3 per President Robert cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Mugabe, called with strong influence coming from South for the correction Africa which invested about 14.6 percent of "past imbalanc of GDP, and is estimated to account for es to avoid con two thirds of total investment in SADC. flicts in the fu Without South Africa, investment ture." Investment levels in the rest of the region averaged should seek to 23 percent of GDP ranging from 8.1 per raise the stand cent in DRC to 32.7 percent in Botswana ards of living of and a high of 37 percent in Lesotho. the people by giv This reflects the anomalies caused ing recipients a by the magnitude of a few projects rela stake in indus tive to the size of the country's econo tries, he said. my. Generally, SADC's gross domestic Partnerships investment as a percentage of GDP com between govern- .______) pared positively to Africa's overall in ments and the pri- CONSULTATION TIME: Presidents Nujoma and Mugabe in Windhoek vestment including its FDI. O

4 SADCTODAY, November 2000 CURRENT ISSUES trade Winners and losers in the new SADC tree trade area Southern Africa's long-conceived free trade area was launched in September amid high expectations from many including industry and commerce. As borders gradually open up, critical issues relating to the impact of the free trade area on the consumer, industry and the public sector are slowly becoming imperative, writes Munetsi Madakufamba.

nder the SADC Trade Protocol, 47 percent of goods manufactured in th region will immediately trade at zero tariffs. These goods will be mainly ,._ Ufrom countries categorised as developed, and would therefore be req · to phase down tariffs faster than others. Such countries include South Africa, an the rest of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) members - Botswan Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland. These would be followed by Mauritius an Zimbabwe, classified in the middle category. Last to liberalise will be the least developed countries - Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia. Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Seychelles have not yet acceded to the Trade Protocol. As member countries lift import duties, one immediate effect would be lower prices of goods imported from countries that have a comparative advantage. But this is only assuming the importers ,are going to pass on the lower cost to the consumer. The second fundamental impact will arise from increased competition once member states remove tariffs and subsidies. All firms in the same sector will be competing on an equal footing, regardless of their size. The stiff competition wil manifest itself in both negative and positive employment effects. Weaker firms, or those previously overprotected, will likely downsize, if not shutdown completely, resulting in job losses. The more productive firms with cheaper products will find it easier to penetrate new markets, resulting in expan sion and thus create new jobs. In the end, countries will be forced to concentrate on producing products in which they have a competitive advantage, benefiting the consumer. Employment effects are, however, likely to be felt in the short to medium term. }t..'1 In the long run, as countries specialise in areas where they have a comparative ... advantage, they will absorb the reserve army of labour previously offloaded by downsizing industries. The incidence of unemployment will also fade as previ-~ ously less competitive firms acquire new technology and become more produc-'\l. ._.!l\lllllllBIJ tive. But a more direct impact will be felt by governments through loss of revenue -~ as tariffs are removed. The fiscal implications will vary depending on each coun- ~-~ try's reliance on customs revenue. ~,, ;/" · Available data shows that customs revenue constitutes less than 10 percent ,, ~.Y' of total government revenue in South Africa and Zambia. South Africa (less than • · -.'-.,_ two percent) has a wide domestic revenue base while Zambia (eight percent)1· owes it to extensive liberalisation under its structural adjustment programmes. On the other extreme, customs revenue constitutes close to 50 percent of government revenue in Lesotho and Swaziland due to the revenue sharing ar rangement under SACU. The other countries range between 15 percent (Botswa na) to 30 percent (Mauritius). The net impact will, however, depend on the proportion of imports that actu ally originate from fellow SADC countries since the quoted statistics include revenue from products outside SADC, which will continue to attract import duty. Others can argue that the impact will be much lower than generally anticipated since products that have high import duty are those already classified as sensi tive products, and will not be immediately phased down, or have completely been excluded from the Trade Protocol. These include several agricultural products, textiles and motor vehicles. The overall impact of the free trade area will also be determined by even more complex factors such as existing bilateral and international trade agreements that ( SADC countries are members of. These include the trade agreement between South Africa and the European Union (EU) and the SADC-EU trade agreement Firms will need to increase their productivity to under Suva I, a successor to the Lome Convention. withstand increased competition in the free trade area The Trade Protocol will be implemented over an eight-year period up to 2008. D SADCTODAY, November 2000 5 CURRENT ISSUES mining Revitalising mining operationsin southern Alrica Mining, along with agriculture, is the backbone of many economies in mineral deposits are discovered. Current SADC. But the industry faces loss of investment on the back of falling ly, mining contributes an estimated 60 global commodity prices. However, as Kaputo Chenga, a Lusaka-based percent of the SADC foreign exchange journalist reports, efforts are underway to revitalise the fortunes of earnings, about 10 percent to Gross the sector. Domestic Product (GDP), and provides approximately five percent of all formal he week of 9 to 13 October was a The European Union has approved employment. busy one for Lusaka which was the financing of the EU-SADC Invest In addition, the range of commodi Tthe venue for the SADC-EU Min ment Programme (ESIP), the purpose of ties that are already mined in the SADC ing Investment Forum called Mines 2000. which is to promote investment and in region are unrivalled in the world and Zambian President, Frederick Chilu ter-enterprise co-operation agreements the prospects are great as there are many ba, officially opened the forum. In a in key sectors of the SADC economy. parts of the region which have not un speech read on his behalf dergone modem exploration, says the by Vice President Chris 2000 SADC-EU Forum Project Profiles tone Tembo, Chiluba said document. the region's expectations According to the Review ofthe Min from the forum were in ing Industry done by the SADC mining creased foreign invest sector for the year ending December ment inflows coupled 1999, the recessionary pressures in East with technology transfer. Asia resulted in low mineral commodity "The mining industry prices. Gold was the commodity most in our region should not affected by the recession and prices forget our aspirations to dropped to US$253 per ounce in the third improve the quality of life quarter of 1999 but like many other min of the people through eral commodities, recovered in the last creation of jobs and quarter of the year. wealth," said Chiluba. In addition to the mineral potential The main feature of of the region, SADC member states have the forum was the one-to taken a step further in encouraging in one business meetings vestment in the region by updating their between project promot mining policies, and improvements in ers and investors. These infrastructure required by mining such meetings, organised as energy and transport. through the 'blind date SADC also has long term plans to concept' afforded project develop the region's abundant hydro promoters and investors electric power potential. SADC member to schedule business ap states have agreed on co-operation in pointments, discuss and mining, through the Mining Sector Pro where possible enter into tocol, which has since come into force. business arrangements. On the other hand, the EU and CDE have Workshops on di established a technical assistance fund verse aspects of mining to facilitate the development of selected _such as mining finance, Mining is the backbone of many economies in SADC projects initiated during the EU-ACP industrial minerals, di Fora. mension stone, and the small scale min Mines 2000 is one of many EU-ACP (Af The four days of the forum provided ing initiative also characterised mines rican, Caribbean and the Pacific) initia a working and meeting framework for 200). tives for the development of private en business people with the objective of Mines 2000 was organised by the terprises in the SADC region. The establishing new contacts between Eu SADC Mining Sector and the European SADC mining sector will receive addi ropean, Australian, Canadian, Indian Commission (EC) with the support of the tional support from the ESIP programme and USA (third countries) on one hand Centre for the Development of Enterpris that will commence in the year 2001. and African enterprises on the other es (CDE, formerly Centre for the Devel The SADC and EU approach for hand, in order to promote the mining sec opment of Industry) and was funded by staging the forum is to encourage min tor development in the SADC region. the European Development Fund (EDF). ing investment in the region. The south In attendance also were ministers of This is the second Forum organised by ern African mining industry is said to mines or their equivalent from SADC the SADC mining sector and the EU be important and dynamic and has the member states and representatives of the after the success of the 1994 event potential to create increased economic EU and the CDE. D (FOMIN'94) growth and job opportunities as more

6 SADCTODAY, November 2000 CURRENT ISSUES tourism Exploiting economic potential of tourism in SADC in the wildlife and scenic aspects, the by Tinashe Madava Zimbabwe's National Economic Consult ative Forum. tourism industry will without doubt be ADC officials at World Exposition The Southern African Initiative of one of the growth sectors. 2000 in Hanover, Germany which German Business (also known as SAF A recent SAFRI report says that in ended in October, took the oppor RI) predicts the region will soon enjoy 1999, tourism contributed on average 23 S the world's strongest growth rates. SA percent to the Gross Domestic Product tunity of attendance by a wide sector of the potential European market to pro FRI is convinced that the service sector, (GDP) of the region and catered for 17 mote the region's diverse tourism. especially tourism, could greatly bolster percent of employment needs in Mauri Thousands of Europeans touring the region's economies. tius, Namibia and Seychelles. In coun Expo 2000, which ran for five months, had "If a country exports tourist servic tries such as Lesotho, Malawi and Zam an opportunity to sample what the re es, it can make use of its natural compet bia, the travel and tourism sector con gion has to offer and SADC countries itiveness. In an increasingly globalised tributed 5.3 percent to economic output showcased their artistry and marketed and 5.2 percent to em their tourist destinations. ployment. The participation of SADC at Expo Some 1.6 million was a joint exhibition with individual pa new jobs could be vilions located around the regional created in the travel body's presentation. This helped to mar and tourism sector in ket the region as a single tourist desti southern Africa by nation. Moves are on to exploit the eco the year 2010, a June nomic potential of tourism in the region. 1999 study by the Last year's Southern African Invest World Travel and ment Dialogue (SAID 99) at Victoria Falls Tourism Council stressed the regional nature of tourism (WTTC) says. and its importance "With its unique for development. diversity of natural This year's meeting and cultural herit held in Maputo re age, the countries of affirmed this priori- southern Africa ty and called for have enormous faster progress to strengths and with wards harmonising the right govern visa and other poli ment action, are set cies in order to en to become key glo courage travel. The bal tourism players recent Internation- with growing de al Herald Trib mand for adventure une's Southern Af tourism, eco-tourism rican Investment and independent summit in Wind travel," says the hoek also reiterated study. the need to exploit Political transfor SADC's tourism { mation has benefited the image of the re potential. ~ gion as a tourist des- The concept of SADC boosts a diverse culture and rich wildlife resources a single regional tination with the de visa for tourists visiting southern Africa world, there are less and less immobile velopment of large scale cooperative is currently being explored aimed at locational factors which cannot be projects such as transnational wildlife re boosting tourist arrivals to the region. brought from country A to country B serves. "Zimbabwe and its neighbours have where they can use B's much more fa The increasing liberalisation of air outstanding natural attractions that to vourable basic conditions for produc transport and the development of inter gether make this a unique regional desti tion," says Michael Blank of Africa As national harbours is now allowing direct nation. The challenge is to work concert sociation, a Germany-based organisation access to more destinations throughout edly to remove the obstacles to travel working to improve trade relations be SADC. within the region, so that we examine the tween Germany and Africa. However, there is still need for invest tourism potential and share its benefits," He adds that since SADC countries ment in infrastructure in many areas, par says Herbert Nk:ala, chairperson of the have considerable potential for the ex ticularly in key countries such as Ango Environment and Tourism Committee of pansion of travel and tourism activities la and Mozambique. D

SADC TODAY, November 2000 7 CURRENT ISSUES elections Mkapa wins second term continued from page 1 lost in the Chagga ethnic heartland around Kilimanjaro in 1995. There had been fears that religious appeals, notably by the Civic United Front (CUF) party, both of whose candi dates on the presidential ballots were Muslims, would make greater inroads. About one-third of Tanzania's 32 million people are Muslims who live mainly along the coast. But the CCM won al most all the coastal seats. On Zanzibar, where the elections in 16 constituencies were postponed for a week after ballot papers went missing, the CCM greatly increased its majority winning five of the 21 constituencies on Men and women stood in seperate queues during the 29 October Tanzania elections the northern island of Pemba. In 1995, all of these constituencies The island's 27 ,000 civil servants had been opposed to some of Amour's had been won by the CUF although the knew that it was Mkapa and not the CUF policies and had been opposed by the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP, the forerunner presidential candidate on the islands, increasingly unpopular Amour as the of CCM) had won four seats previously. Seif Shariff Hamad, who had paid their CCM candidate. In a curious sense On the main southern island of Un salaries in recent months and that a vote Amour's opposition became an asset for guja and on the small neighbouring is for CUF could jeopardise this arrange Karume. land of Tumbatu, the CCM won all 29 ment because Hamad was ambivalent Western donors made it clear in pri constituencies. This gave the CCM can about the future of the union. vate that they recognised that a win in didate, Amani Abeid Karume, 67 percent The integrity of Nyerere and Mka the island's presidential race by Hamad of the popular vote and he was sworn in pa, the latter having skillfully backed spelled disaster for the union. Karume as the island's president on 8 November. down Amour from running for a third junior spoke in reconciliatory terms at There were, however, clear signs that unconstitutional term as the island's his subsequent inauguration indicating Karume, whose father emerged as the that the 18 CUF members held for over island's first African leader after the 1964 two years on treason charges would be revolution which ousted the Arab minor freed in the next few days. ity (the second largest minority in Africa Such reconciliation may go even after the whites of South Africa), would further. Karume, unlike his predecessor, win the presidency replacing the CCM was expected to include some CUF mem incumbent, Dr Salmin Amour. bers in those he was to nominate to the The younger Karume, then a cabinet island's assembly and it is clear that he minister, had stood alone in refusing to and Mkapa can work together to tum persecute and repatriate senior Pemba Zanzibar's economic malaise around. officials from his office when all other Inevitably the opposition parties, hu ministers did so following the 1995 CCM miliated at the polls, are crying foul. Even electoral defeat. if the parallels are not exact, the Tanza It was also widely known on Zanzi nian press quickly seized on the Ameri bar that many of the younger Karume's can electoral deadlock with The Guardi own family had previously been mem an newspaper in Dar es Salaam 9 No bers of CUF and his mother, who has vember headlining "US Joins Third strong roots in Pemba, had assiduously World in Mismanagement of Elections". campaigned for him on the northern is CCM candidate Amani Abeid Karume won the At the end of it all Zanzibaris are look land. Zanzibar presidency ing for a president who offers reconcilia Zanzibaris were also more conscious tion and prosperity to the impoverished this time of the implications of the Unit president, was better known than it had islanders whose main export earner ed Republic of Tanzania created in 1964 been five years ago. Creek Road in Zan comes from seaweed farming and by Nyerere and Karume senior. zibar Town which separates the former not cloves. In Mkapa's economic They recognised that a vote for CUF African and Arab dwellings, had even achievements on the mainland, and in could prejudice the future of the union been renamed after Mkapa. his ability to work with Karume, they upon which Zanzibar is economically But the final psychological clincher believe they have now elected the right heavily dependent. for many voters was that Karume junior people.D

8 SADC TODAY, November 2000 CURRENT ISSUES gender Gender intervention at SADC-PF Plenarv Assemblv by Nomalanga Moyo encies by enacting legislation that up olution and Gender, summed up the gen hold democratic practices and good gov eral feeling among delegates when she egislators are an integral part in ernance, promoting gender equity and said: "At the beginning of the interven the implementation of the SADC equality while implementing the resolu tion, it was clear that there were a lot of L Declaration on Gender and Devel- tions of the international conventions differences in terms of the levels of our opment and have a mandate to formu signed by their respective governments. understanding of gender issues. It is my late and implement gender friendly leg As part of efforts to engender region belief that we have come a long way with islation, as well as facilitating good gov- al parliaments, SADC PF enlisted the in a short period and narrowed the gap." ernance. assistance of Southern African Research Deliberations focused on: This was said by legislators during a and Documentation Centre's Women In • bringing the attention of MPs to gender intervention at a plenary assem Development Southern African Aware the commitments made by SADC mem bly of the SADC Parliamentary Forum ness Programme (SARDC-WIDSAA) ber states towards the achievement of held in Malawi from 29 October to 3 No and the SADC Gender Unit to facilitate gender equality, especially in the 1997 vember 2000. Parliamentarians from this activity and provide technical as SADC Declaration on Gender and De around the region attended the meeting. sistance on how to spearhead, imple velopment and the 1998 Addendum on Delegates explored ways of project ment, monitor and assess progress of the the Prevention and Eradication of Vio ing and strengthening the gender agen strategies used to mainstream gender lence against Women and Children; da within SADC parliaments while also into political structures. This process is • sensitizing MPs on the inequali defining the role of parliamentarians in funded by USAlD under its regional ties that exist between women and men achieving equality. Strength programme. in various sectors in SADC member MPs also had a chance to review and The session was organized using a states, and the fact that gender equality strengthen resolutions made in 1997 toolkit designed by WIDSAA and the is a critical issue of development, democ when governments signed a Declaration SADC Gender Unit which emphasizes the racy and human rights; W0111£N ARE THE SACk80t'\E

use of a proactive and participatory ap on Gender and Development which com • sharing with MPs the rationale proach rather than passive intervention mitted them to "ensuring the equal rep and importance of decision makers un measures. The toolkit will be used for resentation of men and women in deci derstanding key gender concepts, as a training SADC decision makers on gen sion making of member states and SADC way of ensuring that they can play a der issues. structures at all levels and the achieve meaningful role in the achievement of Participants hailed the session as ment of at least 30 percent target of wom gender equality; en in political and decision making struc having been a success. Leya Chatta tures by year 2005." Chipepa, one of the resource persons • updating MPs on the steps that Statistics on the gender situation in with WIDSAA, observed that as the have been taken to implement the SADC different countries were presented and meeting progressed, there was a notable Declaration on Gender and Development the meeting noted with concern that the shift from the different perceptions and and its Addendum; number of women in key politics and misconceptions to a deeper appreciation • examining the role that MPs can decision-making positions declined dur of what gender is and the need to ad play in the implementation of these in ing the last elections. This could mean dress gender gaps. The meeting also struments, both at national and regional that the 30 percent target might prove underlined the need for civic education levels; and elusive unless intervention efforts are for both women and men on gender. • identifying concrete ways in consolidated. Charity Mwansa, an MP from Zam which the SADC PF can mainstream gen MPs acknowledged that they have a bia and Chairperson of the SADC PF der into its policies, programmes and role to play in improving their constitu- Committee on Democracy, Conflict Res- activities. D

SADC TODAY, November 2000 9 CURRENT ISSUES environment

Disaster preparedness c~mes under spotlight by Tinashe Madava gion was crucial, although better prepa pacity for early warning on adverse rations can still be put in place using its weather effects. Addressing the fourth SADC enters a new rainy sea- experience. Southern Africa Climate Outlook Forum on fresh from devastating The Mozambican government is in Botswana, Magang emphasised the oods early in the year, a more preparing for possible floods this sea need for cooperation at regional and glo accurate assessment of its preparedness son. Foreign Minister Leonardo Simao bal levels to address such issues as ear is needed before disaster strikes again. speaking at a recent seminar on lessons ly warning. He called for the strength Disasters in southern Africa have learnt during the last floods, pointed out ening and enhancing of basic infrastruc- often been a tale of two extremes. While that even if rainfall is normal, and doe ture and capacl - - 0 .....,...-IV<>o.U ,.,...... ,~>On''- the previous rainy season was charac not reach the levels of last season. terised by floods, in the past droughts danger of flooding remains oec:an!;e have been more prevalent in the region. oils in mu h of S01nbleni e D o :: . forutoring Centre in When floods devastated most countrie: • fozambique are still oo=oed.. - Harare. It is aimed at promoting techni in southern Africa early thi year. :M"o the water table ai a very high level, the cal and scientific capacity and produc zambique was the harde t hit. Bo wa capacity of the oil to ab orb more wa ing, disseminating and applying climate na, Mozambique, South Africa pan ter is limited. forecast information in weather sensi of Zambia and Zimbabwe were also af Simao said that the challenge the tive areas such as agriculture, health, en fected by the floods, though to a lesser country faced was "to verify our level ergy, water, forestry and transport. extent. of preparedness for an eventual new ca The Botswana conference was Health and relief systems in the re tastrophe, particularly during the peri called to discuss the vital role of weath gion were over-stretched. Infrastructure od between January and March". er and climate information and facilities worth millions of US dollars was de According to David Magang, Bot needed in addressing the challenges of stroyed. However, the aid given to Mo swana's Works, Transport and Commu weather related natural disasters in the zambique by other countries in the re- nications Minister, SADC lacks the ca- southern Africa region. D Maputo summit tackles intricacies ii peace in DRC of the summit by the Kinshasa govern the government which has been a major continued from page 1 ment. This time around President Chis bone of contention in the past. sano explained their absence saying that The initial indication was that the even accorded the traditional formality the meeting was convened specifically parties to the agreement were comply of preparing a communique in a separate to deal "with matters that can be solved ing with the commitment to troop with room as the summit proceeded. by the states in the conflict". drawal. Nevertheless, if one takes a his Notable absentees at the summit were The summit agenda was meant to deal torical perspective on agreements signed the official SADC mediator in the DRC with the external element in the conflict, and violated in the Congo and the fact conflict, President Fredrick Chiluba of namely a return to the positions the that one key recommendation of the Zambia, and President Jose Eduardo dos Ugandan and Rwandan forces held in Maputo summit, the commitment to hold Santos of Angola. The absence of the side Congo when the cease-fire was another summit two weeks later, was not Angolan delegation at the summit was signed in 1999 and a pull back of a fur complied with, it becomes obvious that initially attributed to "logistical prob ther 15 kilometres. bringing peace to the DRC will require lems". But when the Angolan foreign At the summit, President Kagame additional diplomatic efforts by the re minister, Joiio Miranda, visited Maputo pledged to voluntarily withdraw to 200 gion. The Maputo summit was in that two days after the summit to convey a km from Rwanda's current position, sense another step in the right direction. special message from President dos San which is an indication of how deep the Another summit on efforts to end the tos to his Mozambican counterpart, it Rwandan troops have penetrated Con DRC conflict was also held in Tripoli, turned out that, from the Luanda gov golese territory. Libya. The summit was attended by Pres ernment's perspective, the summit was This was not the first time that the idents Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Uganda's convened in a haste and did not give parties to the conflict in the DRC had Museveni, Kagame of Rwanda and the enough time for the Angolans to pre agreed on a pull back. At a summit in president of Mali, as well as host Col pare for it. Kampala, they had agreed to pull back Muammar Gaddafi of Libya. Angola, The summit itself was carefully craft by 15 km but the agreement was violated DRC, Namibia and South Africa were ed to avoid any unnecessary hitches. several times. represented at ministerial level. Hence, no representative of the rebels This time round, it is hoped it will be The Tripoli summit called for the de fighting the government of President different. The group pledged to seek the ployment of a "neutral African force" to Kabila were invited. In the past, Presi support of the United Nations to moni fulfil the Lusaka and Sirte agreements dent Chissano's propensity to listen to tor the compliance with the Maputo both of which seek to bring lasting peace the warring sides had led to the boycott agreement, including the areas held by totheDRC.O

10 SADCTODAY, November 2000 CURRENT ISSUES information oocumentalists in bid to market information services by Chipo Muvezwa libraries could succeed in the new infor good marketing strategies. Emphasis mation world, where increased competi was placed on the need to develop a arketing information services tion exists and the emphasis is on con comprehensive marketing plan outlining is a challenge southern Africa sumer convenience. the current marketing situation, identi Mshould overcome to consoli Professor Kingo Mchombu, facilita fying key performance areas, analysing date its development efforts and with tor of the workshop and Head of the In opportunities and challenges both in stand the tide of globalisation. This was formation and Communication Faculty at ternally and externally. It was also noted the challenge that faced SADC docu the University of Namibia, noted that that there is need to, decide on the mar mentalists who attended a workshop at there are gaps in skills needed for mar keting strategy and action plan to be put Malawi's lakeside resort town of Man keting of information services among li in place considering the cost factor. gochi. brary professionals. Obstacles identified include an ob In his opening remarks, Orton "Many people within and outside the servation that some institutions exist Kachinjika, Deputy Director of the Ma profession think they know what mar without mission statements or in the lawi-based SADC Fisheries Sector, chal keting is when they do not, hence the case where they are available, they do lenged participants to "perceive infor workshop could not be more timely to not clearly state the mandate, the mis mation as a national resource of great fill in this gap," said Mchombu. sion and the values of the organisation. value in the same manner that land, cap The workshop explored the market There was consensus among partici ital and other resources that are essen ing concept, which seeks to identify cus pants that information centres or insti tial to the social-economic and techno tomer requirements, coming up with tutions have some aspects of the mar logical development of our region are products and services designed to an keting plan in place but the challenge is perceived." swer the needs, give information and for information managers to develop a He urged institutions to "become key provide a service. Kachinjika said that comprehensive marketing plan. in today's information-driven society "information should be regarded as a The workshop enabled participants whereby activity is in one way or anoth valuable commodity that has to be prop to reflect on the marketing strategies er driven by availability and access to erly processed, packaged and marketed currently in place in their institutions, information. ' to potential consumers" come up with designs to improve on The workshop, held on 18-20 Octo It is the role of information managers them and also put new strategies in place. ber, is part of a series of meetings which to use marketing to reach the target mar- Twenty-one information managers commenced in 1997. The need for such ket operating within the mandate of the from six SADC countries - Botswana, workshop arose from a growing appre parent organization, noted the workshop. Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia ciation that information is crucial to the Recommendations by Mchombu and Zimbabwe - attended the work integration process in southern Africa centred on the use of strategic planning shop.D and therefore the need to organise regu to guide documentalists to come up with lar consultations between librar ians from official SADC institu tions and partner organi ations. The major objective of the workshops is to rationalise and coordinate system and pro grammes to improve information flow and exchange among SADC institutions and their counter parts in the region and beyond. The SADC Secretariat, based in Botswana, organises the work shops that have become an an nual event. The nature of the meetings has shifted from seminars to full fledged training sessions, to en able documentalists to sharpen skills in areas of need. Under the theme "Marketing Information in SADC Institu tions" the aim of this year's work shop was to develop successful marketing strategies that aggres sively reach out to customers. This was seen as the only way Computers have changed the face of information exchange. Libraries are gradually turning virtual. SADC TODAY, November 2000 11 GUEST COLUMN stocl< exchange SADC'sinfa nt stock exchanges show potential he past decade has seen most should seek out economic role in the e of the SADC in order to: SADC countries adopting free market place, form short term and per • maintain and improve market in Tmarket economies. The countries manent alliances and suffer from com tegn~ in order to have markets that are have embarked on structural adjustment petition. Exchanges in the region are fair. effi · eru and transparent with prop programs to rehabilitate their impover seeking to be commercially accounta er price disco ·CJ)·: ished economies. A successful by-prod ble as well as regulated and thus explor • increase the liquidity of trading uct of the restructuring exercise has been ing their options including demutuali in equitie . bond. derivatives and other the establishment of stock exchanges in sation. financial in truments: the region. The authorities in the region The SADC Committee of Stock Ex • enforce legi lation and rule and are increasingly using the exchanges to changes has been meeting since 1996 protect market participants and inve - privatise former parastatals. and became part of the formal SADC tors; Many of the stock exchanges are in structure in July 1997 and reports • make the SADC securities mar their infancy having only been estab through the Committee of Central Bank kets more attractive to local and interna lished in the last decade. The exchanges Governors. Membership of the Commit tional investors; are either corporate bodies or quasi-par tee is open to all SADC member coun • raise capital for regional econom astatal. Both the Johannesburg Stock tries and the following countries have ic development, including developing Exchange (JSE) and the Zimbabwe Stock established exchanges; Botswana, Ma infrastructure and human resources and Exchange are more than a hundred years lawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, South raising living standards; old. Most markets in the region are fairly Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and • improve the operational capacity illiquid and lack depth and breadth, and Zimbabwe. of SADC stock exchanges; have therefore not attracted the high lev By the year 2006 the SADC Commit • advocate and lobby for private els of portfolio inflow that some emerg tee of Stock Exchanges will be an inte sector Jed regional market integration; ing markets have in other regions. In grated real time network of national se • build co-operation between the terms of technology and adherence to curities markets in the region. Each ex SADC stock exchanges and their regu international standards many of the ex change will offer automated trading for lators; changes are rather small and hence do a wide range of fmancial instruments • establish a forum through which not have the fmance to invest in the state SADC policy makers can consult the re of the art capital equipment. gion's existing securities markets before Only the JSE has an electronic trad planning further developments in this ing system, which it has offered to the field. other exchanges at cost. The Namibia Progress to date is satisfactory. The Stock Exchange was the first to take up View on listing requirements in the region have the offer and has been successfully Stock been harmonised, based on the require linked to the J.E.T. (Johannesburg Equi ments of the JSE. The committee is seek ties Trading) System. Clearance and set Markets ing donor funding to establish central tlement are mostly manual and hence in depository systems in Botswana, Mala efficient. Mauritius was the first to in wi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Both the JSE stall a central depository system and and Bond Exchange of South Africa pro South Africa is currently implementing vide technical and operational advice to Emmanual H. Munyukwi its own project. the other exchanges. Most of the SADC countries have not (with trading systems accessible from a Efforts are underway to develop a completely liberalised their economies single desktop workstation), and settle regional stockbroker curriculum that except Botswana, Mauritius and Zambia. ment and central depository facilities of meets local needs whilst retaining the Exchange controls in some of the ·coun international quality and standards. value of regional integration and inter tries do not allow the free outward move There will be seamless clearing and set national standards. Additionally, dual ment of capital. In some cases there are tlement, compatible with international listings are being encouraged to facili restrictions on foreign ownership. systems, across the region. Harmonised, tate cross border activities. The use of technology continues fun regulation, surveillance, listing and other The committee successfully lobbied damentally to alter the entire capital and functions would remain the responsibil the South African authorities to allow financial markets landscape. ity of the designated regional body. The South Africans to invest in the regional Technology is a major tool for cross network will be justified as a business exchanges. Member exchanges are ex border exchange alliances as exchanges case with associated costs being a di ploring ways of adopting the J.E.T. sys with compatible trading systems will be rect function of exchange size. tem as their trading platform. D able to begin joint operations. For stock To achieve this vision the commit exchanges financial success of the en tee will increase co-operation and links TM author, Emrruinual Munyukwi, is the Chief terprise is paramount. Exchanges are in operations, communications, regula Executive of the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange businesses like many others, albeit sub tions, technical skills development and and a committee member ofthe SADC Com ject to regulations by authorities. They other areas between the stock exchang- mittee ofSto ck Exchanges. 12 SADC TODAY, November 2000 COMMUNITY BUILDING culture and sport Conference to look at role of culture in regional integration by Jabulani Sithole players in the industry to assist in the it can reorganise itself. The report analy formulation of concrete and relevant rec ses the role of the different festivals and SADC inter-ministerial confer ommendations that will propel the sec how they can become self-sustaining. ence on the place and role of tor to success," said Renato Matusse, "Festivals should be the backbone A ulture in the regional integration coordinator of the SADC Culture, Infor of the sector's expression of the state of agenda is set to run from 27-30 Novem mation and Sport Sector in Maputo. the cultural industry in SADC," said ber in Maputo Mozambique. "Ministers of Trade and Finance and Stephen Chifunyise a cultural activist The major aim of the conference is to Investment will be invited to attend the and former permanent secretary in the demonstrate that culture is a cross cut- conference," said Matusse. He hoped Zimbabwe ministry of education and the meeting would ac culture. There is a need to evaluate prob climatise the different lems and major setbacks that hinder the ministers on how cul growth of the cultural industry within the ture can be treated in region. regional integration. There are also calls that institutional Calls ahead of the mechanisms should be put in place to conference are that, its facilitate the growth of the sector and high time SADC recog instil a perception of culture as a viable nises the culture sec business industry. "The sector has to tor as a potential and promote the culture industry as a poten viable business. It is tial business industry capable of employ therefore imperative ing the youths and generating income," for SADC to forge said Chifunyise. strong links between The conference will also look at how Culture is a key aspect of SADC's community-building efforts. governments, the artist the region can enhance its consumption ting issue with a critical role in the re- and the private sector and other impor- of the different cultural products. There gional integration process and in eco- tant players with the culture sector for is a need to promote a wider circulation nornic growth. It is set to promote and the growth of the cultural industry in the of the region's music, plays and books. strengthen regional markets for arts and region. The conference will review a re- To this end the meeting will discuss the cul tural products. "The conference port from a consultant who undertook a cultural industry in light of the SADC hope to bring together the different research on the cultural sector and how Trade Protocol. O Mozambique, SA win medals at Svdnev 2000 W.-SICCll' ChaOIDIDDShlDS by Mukai Mutandavari bronze medals were won by Herbert LI Women continue to break gender wellyn in the 400m hurdles, Kruger Frantz barriers, venturing into soccer, a ozambique and South Africa in men's discus, and Penny Heyns in a sport that was previously reserved won SADC's only medals at swimming event. O for men. South Africa was host M the recent 2000 Olympics in ing the African women's soccer Sydney, Australia. championship in which other sev Maria Mutola of Mozambique, pop en countries were participating. ularly known as Maputo Express, set the The tournament was split into tone when she won Africa's first gold two groups pitting the Reunion, medal in the women's 800m event. The Uganda, Zimbabwe and the hosts gold medal proved a sweet reward for in one group, and Cameroon, Gha Mutola (28) who first ran in the Olym na, Morocco and Nigeria in the oth pics as a 15-year old in Seoul, Korea in er. Two countries from each group 1988. She finished fifth at Barcelona four would qualify for the semi finals. years later and won a bronze medal at Nigeria are the current holders. the Atlanta games in 1996. During the Zimbabwe, one of the two 1997 World championships in Athens, southern African representatives Mutola won a bronze medal before qualified by beating Namibia and scooping a silver medal in Seville in 1999. Lesotho, while South Africa qual South Africa also managed to get two ified by virtue of being host. silver medals and three bronzes. The first The tournament's top three silver medal was won by Hestrie Cloete teams qualify for the world cup to in the women's high jump. The other sil be hosted by Argentina in 2001. ver was won by 20-year old Parkin Ter ence in one of the swim.ming events. The Maria "Maputo Express" Mutola SADC TODAY, November 2000 13 AROUND THE REGION newsbriefs Mozambique repon wins international accolade he Human Development Report lence in "presentation and design" and cles and Challenges. The major highlight for Mozambique 1999, edited and "participation and policy impact". of the report was the quantification of Tproduced by the Maputo Office The National Human Development the development imbalances inside Mo of the Southern African Research and Report, produced in Portuguese and zambique by breaking down the contri Documentation Centre (SARDC), is in English, is a product of a partnership be bution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the top league of national reports in the tween the Mozambique country office of each administrative region and the world as classified by the United Nations of the United Nations Development Pro calculation of the respective Human De Development Programme (UNDP). gramme, Eduardo Mondlane University velopment Index (HDI) for comparison The Mozambique report was ranked (UEM) and SARDC. purposes. among the 10 best reports in the world, The first national human develop UNDP says that more than 260 na which won awards for aspects ranging ment report on Mozambique was tional reports from 120 countries have from quality of content, use of human launched in December 1998 under the ti been produced in recent years and have development measurement tools, design tle Peace and Economic Growth: Oppor become useful tools for heads of states, and presentation, impact on policy for tunities for Human Development. policy makers, media, civil society organ mulation as well as the participatory proc The second report, released in June isations and researchers in the academia. ess that leads to their production. The 2000 is entitled Economic Growth and The 260 reports constituted the entries report was awarded two prizes for excel- Human Development: Progress, Obsta- that contested the awards. The prize-giving ceremony was held Gender eauitv is achallenge not athre at --- during the Second Global Forum on Hu man Development held in Rio de Janei he effectiveness of Africa's

14 SADCTODAY, November 2000 BOOl

~~SADC TODAY, November 2000 15 SAOC diary~~

~~Event Venue~~

12-15 Ad Hoc Expert Group Management on Gender Networking Zambia 13-15 Meeting of African Trade Ministers Gabon 18-22 Smart Partnership Dialogue Malaysia 25 International Day of No Violence Against Women AllSADC 25/11-1&12 tom Annual 16 Days of Activism Against Gender Violence AllSADC 26-28 Southern African Regional Civil Society Meeting Botswana Z7-28 Workshop on Women's Land Rights in Southern Africa Zimbabwe Z7-'30 14th Commonwealth Education Ministers Meeting Canada Z7-'30 SADC Inter-ministerial Conference on the Role of Culture in Regional Integration Mozambique 28 SADC Extra-ordinary Committee of Ministers Botswana 29-'30 SADCIEU Ministerial Conference Botswana

1 World AIDS Day AllSADC 5 South Africa Municipal Election South Africa 9-16 Regional Conference on Violence Against Women Lesotho 10 Human Rights Day AllSADC 14 50lh Anniversary ofUNHCR AllSADC 14 SADC Annual Briefing of Diplomats South Africa

currencv checklist PllllUc 11Hdavs In uoc for Iha period Dae -Jan 20001 Date Holiday Country Country Currency (US$1) 8 December Immaculate Day Seychelles Angola Kwanza (100 lewi) 14,434.00 9 December Republic Day Tanzania Botswana Pula (100 thebe) 5.40 DRC Congo Franc 757.00 16December Day of Reconciliation South Africa Lesotho Maloti (100 lisente) 7.55 22December National Unity Day Zimbabwe Malawi Kwacha (100 tambala) 78.85 25December Christmas Day AllSADC

Mauritius Rupee (100 cents) 27.20 26December Boxing Day AllSADC Mozambique Metical (100 centavos) 16,364.00 26December Family Day Namibia Namibia Dollar (100 cents) 7.64 26December Day of Goodwill South Africa Seychelles Rupee (100 cents) 5.90 27December Eid-Ul-Ftr Mauritius South Africa Rand (100 cents) 7.62 Swaziland Lilangeni (100 cents) 7.55 28December Eid-Ul-Ftr Mauritius Tanzania Shilling (100 cents) 798.00 January New Year's Day AllSADC Zambia Kwacha (100 cents) 3,700.00 2 January Public Holiday Botswana

~~Zimbabwe Dollar (100 cents) 55.00 15 January John Chilembwe Day Malawi~~

~~Source: Standard Chartered Bank, Zimbabwe Ltd, 14 Nov. 2000 3 February Heroes Day Mozambique~~

~~16 SADCTODAY, November 2000~~