International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 17 2018, 3103-3109 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY IN AND AROUND THE PERUNGUDI PALLIKARANAI DUMPING AREA, CHENNAI
M. Koteswar rao1; Dr. S. Needhidasan2
1Final Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed University) Chennai – 602 105. 2Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed University) Chennai – 602 105. Email: [email protected]
Abstract: The solid waste disposal system presently being practiced in Chennai consists of mere dumping of waste that have been generated, at two locations Perungudi and Kodungaiyur without any regard to proper care for the protection of surrounding environment.. Perungudi dumpsite in Chennai is expected to become cause of serious groundwater pollution in its vicinity. The present study was undertaken to determine the likely concentrations of principle contaminants in the groundwater and surface water over a period of time due to the discharge of such contaminants from landfill leachate to the underlying Groundwater. The result of physical and chemical parameters of surface water and ground water in the study area are discussed.
Keywords: Dump site, surface water, ground water & physico-chemical properties
Introduction: from the Chennai city finds its way to two major Chennai city, capital of Tamilnadu has a population landfills, perungudi in south and kodungaiyur in of about 4.68 million (census 2011). Due to north both of which are being used as open dumps. urbanization, increase in population and To study groundwater contamination due to solid consumption pattern, the problem of solid waste waste disposal in Perungudi dumpsite an area of 68 management in Chennai has been rapidly sq. Km is chosen for the present study. The Survey increasing. Chennai generates more than 3200 of India toposheet was georeferenced and digitized metric tones of solid waste every day. The solid to delineate the study area based on the six micro waste generated consists primarily of organic watersheds around the dumpsite from 30 waste, different kinds of plastics, packaging waste, Mambakkam sub watershed. It lies between 12o paper, metal, glass, construction debris, bio- 53’ 16” N to 12o 58’ 43” N latitudes and 80o 10’ medical waste and slaughter house waste. 18” E to 80o 16’ 0.8” E longitudes and shown in According to central pollution control board Figure 3.1. The study area includes Perungudi, estimates, an average person in a class i city (urban Okkium Thuraipakkam, Pallikaranai, Madipakkam areas of population of 100000 and above), produces and Medavakkam panchayat unions. The study area about 0.4 kg of garbage a day. Per capita waste has watershed boundary on north, west and generation in lower income and higher income southern part and coastal boundary on eastern part. groups is 0.18 kg and 0.80 kg respectively of
garbage a day respectively. In Chennai, on an History of dump site: average of 0.6 kg/capita/day of solid waste is being Perungudi dumpsite lies between 12o 56’ 59.14” N generated and the municipal corporation of to12o 57’ 27.61” N latitude and 80o 13’06.75 ” E Chennai is responsible for garbage collection and to 80o 14’ 06.34” E longitudes. The dumping yard disposal on a daily basis. The solid waste generated located at Perungudi on the southern part of
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Chennai city is in operation since 1987. Open in Chennai, showed that the majority of the waste is dumping and leveling by bulldozer is the method of composed of green waste (32.3%) and inert waste disposal. The dumping site covered about 20 materials (34.7%) viz., stones and glass (CPCB ha in 1995 (ERM 1995) and increased to 44.75 ha 2000 and Damodaran et al 2003). The physical in 2002 (IWS 2003) which is twice that of the area analysis of the waste from Perungudi dumpsite is in 1995. The dumping area is estimated to be 78 ha food wastes 8%, green waste 32.20%, timber in 2009 which is again about twice as that of in (wood) 6.99%, consumable plastic 5.86%, 2002. Perungudi sewage treatment plant located industrial plastic 1.80%, steel and material 0.13%, adjacent to the dumpsite discharges the effluent rags and textiles 3.14%, paper 6.45%, inert near to the dumpsite. The waste at the site mixes 33.98%, rubber and leather 1.45%. Chemical with the sewage water and contaminates it further. analysis of the waste is moisture content 27.60, pH The dumpsite lies at 1.5 to 2.0 km from the western value 7.63, organic content 46.06%, carbon content side of Buckingham canal and 3 km west of Bay of 21.53%, nitrogen content 0.73%, phosphorous Bengal coastline. It is situated within a low lying 0.63% and calorific value 4565 KJ/Kg. Pallikaranai marsh which extends for a length of approximately 10 km from north to south and for a width of 3 to 4 km from west to east that makes the dumpsite always surrounded by stagnant and moving water.
The Pallikaranai marshland that holds the Perungudi dumpsite is of unique ecological and economic importance. The marshland is the largest natural rainwater harvesting system in the region, which is linked to the Bay of Bengal through a network of channels. The marsh in its original state used to store large quantities of storm water even
while allowing excesses to flow into the sea. The
marsh serves two important functions - flood control in the surrounding areas and groundwater recharge. The whole area is low lying being close to sea level, and is poorly drained being occupied by extensive areas of marshland and mudflats, which are permanently wet and seasonally inundated. The marsh drains southwards to Buckingham canal through Okkium madagu (channel) and outflows to the sea at the Kovalam estuary. MSW generated in Chennai includes 68% of residential waste, 16% commercial waste, 14% institutional waste and 2% industrial waste. The physico-chemical properties of the MSW generated
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Methodology: Sample location & collection:
Sampling and Testing Protocol: In an effort to study the extent of the groundwater contamination 10 sampling sites were selected near the dumpsite from where the samples were taken. The samples were collected in one litre capacity polythene bottles. Prior to the collection, bottles were thoroughly washed and rinsed with sample to avoid any possible contamination in bottling and every other precautionary measure was taken. After the sampling, the samples were immediately transferred to Centre for Environment Management Laboratory, NITTTR and were stored in cold room Ground water (GW) samples (4◦ C). The testing process was performed according to the procedures mentioned in the Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. Various physico-chemical parameters examined in groundwater samples includes, pH, Electrical conductivity(EC), Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Total hardness(TH), Calcium(Ca), Magnesium(Mg), Chloride(Cl), Zinc(Zn), Cadmium(Cd), Nickel(Ni), Iron(Fe), Copper(Cu), Chromium(Cr), Lead(Pb). Surface water (SW) samples
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Standard limitations: Calcium for Surface & Ground water:
Results and discussion: The Surface & Groundwater of the study area in the dump site and the concentration of various parameters present in the samples from which the Chloride for Surface & Ground water: quality of surface & groundwater can be understood and given below.
pH value for Surface & Ground water:
Sodium for Surface & Ground water: Total hardness for Surface & Ground water:
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Conclusion: Asian Journal Of Science And Technology Vol. 07, Issue, 08, Pp.3314-3318. The solid waste disposal system presently being
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