THE AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL
VOLUME 83
January 2009 — December 2009
GENERAL EDITOR MR JUSTICE P W YOUNG AO
PRODUCTION EDITOR CHERYLE KING
ASSISTANT GENERAL EDITOR ANGELINA GOMEZ
INDEX ALAN WALKER BA (Hons), DipLib
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The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 iii
The mode of citation of this volume of the AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL will be: (2009) 83 ALJ
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL TABLE OF AUTHORS ...... v TABLE OF CASES...... ix AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL, VOL 83, No 1, January 2009 to No 12, December 2009 ...... 1-852 INDEX...... 853
AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS CASE REPORTERS ...... v TABLE OF CASES REPORTED ...... vii CORRIGENDA ...... xi AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS, VOL 83 ...... 1-1238 INDEX...... 1239
ARRANGEMENT OF INDEXES AND TABLES OF CASES • There are separate Indexes and Tables of Cases to ALJ and ALJR. • The ALJ Index covers all the material in the Journal. In addition there is an Index of Authors covering the feature articles. The Table of Cases is a table for this volume of all English, Australian, and other decisions, which have formed the subject matter of explanation and comment in articles and in notes and paragraphs in the various departments of the Journal. • The ALJR Index and Table of Cases relate solely to the cases reported in the Reports, that is, to cases decided by the High Court of Australia.
Comprehensive Tables of Contents for each monthly Part are available at http://www.thomsonreuters.com.au/support/ps_index.asp
iv The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 v
TABLE OF AUTHORS
AITKEN, LEE — Discretion, Power and the “Accrued” Jurisdiction of the Family Court ...... 694 Share Trading and the “Clog” on the Equity of Redemption ...... 237
ANGYAL SC, ROBERT — Enforceability of Agreements to Mediate: Seventeen Years after Hooper Bailie ...... 299
ASHBOLT, ALICE — Legislated and Reasoned Away: Death of the Doctrine of Shareholder Ratification ...... 525
BANNAN, CONOR — Accessorial Liability under the Trade Practices Act ...... 407
BASTIN, LUCAS AND JUSTICE BRIAN TAMBERLIN — In-House Counsel, Legal Professional Privilege and “Independence ...... 193
BEVAN, CHRISTOPHER — Waiver of Contractual Rights: A Non Sequitur ...... 817
BRENNER, CHIEF JUSTICE DONALD I — Cross Border Court Communications ...... 90
CAMPBELL, J C — Exercise by Superannuation Trustees of Discretionary Powers ...... 159 Some Historical and Policy Aspects of the Law of Equitable Liens ...... 97
CLARKE SC, GRAEME S — Confidential Information and Trade Secrets: When is a Trade Secret in the Public Domain? ...... 242
CREMEAN, DR DAMIEN J — The Inter-State Commission: Rethinking the Wheat Case ...... 765
CROUCHER, PROF ROSALIND F — Quirks and Curios: Rescued Footnotes in the History of Succession Law ...... 609 Towards Uniform Succession in Australia ...... 728
vi The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
DESIATNIK, DR R J — Trade Practices Act, s 53(e): When will they ever learn? ...... 689
FRENCH, CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERT S — Intellectual Property: Living in the Twilight Zone ...... 806
GLEESON SC, HON MURRAY — The Purpose of Litigation ...... 601
HATZISTERGOS, JOHN — Federation and Culture: Reflections on the Australian Constitution ...... 810
HEEREY QC, HON PETER — Andrew Inglis Clark: The Man and his Legacy ...... 199
HOEL, DR ADRIAN — What Rights do you Take to Prison? Habeas Corpus and Prison Conditions ...... 395
HOLMES QC, MALCOLM — Drafting an Effective International Arbitration Clause ...... 305
KIRBY AC CMG, JUSTICE MICHAEL — Is Legal History Now Ancient History? ...... 31
MCBAIN, GRAHAM S — Abolishing the Crime of Sedition: Part 2 ...... 449
MCGOWAN SC, GLENN — IceTV v Nine Network and the Copyright in Factual Compilations in Australia ...... 840
MACINTYRE, AMRIT — Taxation of Investments by Foreign Sovereigns ...... 752
MANTZIARIS, CHRISTOS — The Member’s Right to Inspect the Company Books: Corporations Act, s 247A ...... 621
PAGONE, G T — Centipedes, Liars and Unconscious Bias ...... 255
RYAN SC, DERMOT — The Queen’s Case ...... 669
The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 vii
SALTER, BRENT — Early Interactions Between Indigenous People and Settlers in Australia’s First Criminal Court ...... 56
SPIGELMAN AC, HON J J — Cross-Border Insolvency: Co-operation or Conflict ...... 44 The Hague Choice of Court Convention and International Commercial Litigation ...... 386 The Traditionality of the Law ...... 447
TAMBERLIN, JUSTICE BRIAN AND LUCAS BASTIN — In-House Counsel, Legal Professional Privilege and “Independence” ...... 193
TWOMEY, ANNE — The Fijian Coup Cases: The Constitution, Reserve Powers and the Doctrine of Necessity ...... 319
WALKER, PAUL — Vicarious Liability for Exemplary Damages: A Matter of Strict Liability? ...... 548
WOTHERSPOON, SCOTT — Translating the Public Law “May” into the Common Law “Ought”: The Case for a Unique Common Law Cause of Action for Statutory Negligence ...... 331
YOUNG AO, JUSTICE PETER W — Fiduciary Obligations and Trustees in Bankruptcy ...... 263 Quasi-Trusts ...... 181 Speech to the Australian Lawyers Phil-Hellenic Association ...... 704
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viii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 ix
* TABLE OF CASES
A Alister v The Queen (1984), 683–684 Allcoe Steel (Qld) Pty Ltd v Torres Strait Gold Pty Ltd, Abbatangelo v Whittlesea City Council, 261 299 Abbey National plc v Customs & Excise Commissioners, Allen v Maddock (1858), 731 724 Allianz SpA v West Tankers Inc, 389 Abebe v Commonwealth, 697 Allstate Life Insurance Co v Australia & New Zealand Aberaman Ironworks v Wickens (1868), 100, 110, 114 Banking Group Ltd [No 3], 630 ACCC — see Australian Competition & Consumer Almon (1765), 476 Commission Almon (1770), 476, 482 Accordent Pty Ltd v Bresimark Nominees Pty Ltd, 220 Alstom, Re, 374 Acehill Investments Pty Ltd v Incitec Ltd, 622, 626, 629, AM & S Europe Ltd v Commission of the European 631, 636–637 Communities (Case /79), 193–196 Adams v Kennedy, 562–564 Amalgamated Metal Workers Union of Australia; Ex parte Administration of Papua and New Guinea. — see Papua Shell Co of Australia Ltd, 174 and New Guinea (Administration) Anderson v Commonwealth, 772 Adsett v Berlouis, 264 Angas Law Services Pty Ltd v Carabelas, 527, 529, 531– Affiliated Ute Citizens v United States, 594 533, 537–539, 542–543, 546 AG — see Attorney-General Angel Solicitors v Jenkins O’Dowd & Barth, 719 Agisaliou v Agisaliou [No 2], 695, 697 Anixter v Home-Stake Production Co, 592 Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Atkinson, 824– Anns v Merton London Borough Council, 332, 340 825, 831, 834 Ansell Rubber Co Pty Ltd v Allied Rubber Industries Pty Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 817– Ltd, 243 819, 823–839 Ansett v Moss, 610 Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd, Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd v Wraith, 442 260 Airbus Industry GIE v Patel, 393 Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd v Australian National Aird, Re; Ex parte Alpert, 41 University, 715 Aiton Australia Pty Ltd v Transfield Pty Ltd, 300–301, Apache Northwest Pty Ltd v Newcrest Mining Ltd, 699 303, 316 APC Logistics Pty Ltd v CJ Nutracon Pty Ltd, 307 Aktiebolaget Hassle v Alphapharm Pty Ltd, 250 Areva NC (Australia) Pty Ltd v Summit Resources Akzo Nobel Chemicals Ltd v Commission of the (Australia) Pty Ltd [No 2], 622 European Communities, 194–196 Aribisala v St James Homes (Grosvenor Dock) Ltd (No 2), Al-Kateb v Godwin, 42, 226, 490 524 Alati v Kruger, 123–124 Aristoc Industries Pty Ltd v RE Wenham (Builders) Pty Albert Life Assurance Co, Re (1870), 103–104, 106 Ltd, 238 Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Territory Arnold v Minister Administering the Water Management Revenue, 805 Act 200, 695 Alchemy Estates Ltd v Astor, 445 ASC — see Australian Securities Commission Aldred (1909). — see R v Aldred (1909) Asciak v Australian Secured and Managed Mortgages Pty Alfa Laval Cheese Systems Ltd v Wincanton Engineering Ltd, 638 Ltd, 251 Ascot Four Pty Ltd v ACCC, 691 Alfadda v Fenn, 374 Ashbury v Reid, 417 Alfred Crompton Amusement Machines Ltd v Customs & Ashe v National Westminster Bank plc, 222 Excise Commissioners [No 2], 194 ASIC — see Australian Securities and Investments Ali v Hartley Poynton Ltd, 558 Commission
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. x The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Associated Provincial Picture House Ltd v Wednesbury Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Corp, 340–342 Universal Sports Challenge Ltd, 420–422 Attorney-General (Vic) v Andrews, 8 Australian Football League v The Age Co Ltd, 251 Attorney-General v Aspinall (1837), 190 Australian Mutual Provident Society v 400 St Kilda Road Attorney General (Cth) v Breckler, 160, 164, 178–179 Pty Ltd, 796 Attorney-General v Brown (1847), 128 Australian Ocean Line Pty Ltd v West Australian Attorney-General (ACT) v Eastman, 726 Newspapers Ltd, 413–414 Attorney-General (Manitoba) v Forest, 329 Australian Olives Ltd v Livadaras, 294–295 Attorney-General v Guardian Newspapers, 248 Australian Rural Expo Pty Ltd v Fibrenova Ltd, 421 Attorney General (UK) v Heinemann Publishers Australia Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Pty Ltd, 248 Adler, 408, 410 Attorney General (Cth); Ex Rel McKinlay v Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Commonwealth, 328 Australian Investors Forum Pty Ltd [No 2], 417 Auckland District Law Society v DA Constable Syndicate Australian Securities and Investments Commission v 386, 383 Edensor Nominees Pty Ltd, 697–698 Augold NL, Re, 626–629, 631 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Austin v Keele, 224 Maxwell, 417 Austral Brick Co Pty Ltd v Daskalovski, 267 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich, Australian Broadcasting Commission v Australasian 686–688 Performing Right Association Ltd, 169 Australian Securities Commission v Marlborough Gold Australian Broadcasting Corp v Lenah Game Meats Pty Mines Ltd, 166, 285–286 Ltd, 242 Autodata Ltd v Boyce’s Automotive Data Pty Ltd, 243 Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth Autodesk Inc v Dyason [No 2], 842 (Communist Party Case), 850 Automatic Self-Cleaning Filter Syndicate Co Ltd v Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Cunninghame [1906], 625 Allans Music Group Pty Ltd, 690–692 Avanes v Marshall, 638 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Ascot AWA Ltd v Daniels (t/a Deloitte Haskins & Sells), 534 Four Pty Ltd, 690–691 AWB (International) Ltd v Tradesmen International (PVT) Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Ascot Ltd, 318 Four Pty Ltd [No 2], 692–693 AXA Asia Pacific Holdings Ltd v Direct Share Purchasing Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Corp Pty Ltd, 444 Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd [No 3], 417 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd, 597 B Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Carrerabenz Diamond Industries Pty Ltd, 690, 692 B Pty Ltd v K, 18–19 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Backwell v Australia, 560 Francis, 409 Baden Delvaux v Société Générale, 411, 415 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Baigent v Random House, 846 Global Prepaid Communications Pty Ltd, 421 Bailey v Department of Land & Water Conservation, 717 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Bailey v Medical Defence Union Ltd, 626 Harbin Pty Ltd, 690, 692 Baines, In the Marriage of, 590 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v IMB Baker (1688), 475, 483 Group Pty Ltd, 415 Baker v Local Government Superannuation Scheme Pty Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Ltd, 165–166, 170, 176–177 Michigan Group, 421 Bamford v Bamford, 526, 530, 537, 542 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Bank Mellat v Helliniki Techniki SA, 314 Prouds Jewellers Pty Ltd, 691–692 Bank of Bombay v Suleiman Sonji (1908), 625, 628 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Bank of New Zealand v Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, 233 Telstra Corp Ltd, 692–693 Banks v Goodfellow (1870), 611, 618 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Barclays Bank v Estates & Commercial Ltd, 125–127 Terania Pty Ltd, 689–690, 692 Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd, 122, 125 * This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xi
Barker v Cox (1876), 114, 123 Bishop, In Marriage of, 700 Barker v Stickney, 100 Blacktown City Council v Hocking, 235 Barnardistan (1684), 476, 481 Bland v Levi, 795 Barnes v Addy, 190 Bliss (1719), 484 Barns v Barns, 750 Bluescope Steel Ltd v Kelly, 251 Barrack Mines Ltd v Grants Patch Mining Ltd [No 1], Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks Co (1856), 337 627, 633 BMW of North America Inc v Gore, 23, 25–26 Barrack Mines Ltd v Grants Patch Mining Ltd [No 2], Bodruddaza v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural 623, 626–628, 631, 633, 637 Affairs, 694 Barrett v Hartley (1866), 264 Body Corporate No 413424R v Sheppard, 724–725 Barrier Wharfs Ltd v W Scott Fell & Co Ltd, 442 Boilermakers’ Case — see R v Kirby; Ex parte Basham, Re (1883), 99 Boilermakers’ Society of Australia Basic Inc v Levinson, 592, 594 Boland v Yates Property Corp, 148 Bastwick, Burton and Prynne (1637), 475,480 Bond v Kent (1692), 102 Batten v Wedgwood Coal & Iron Co, 99 Bond Worth Ltd, Re, 110, 118–119 Baxter (1685), 475, 481 Borland’s Trustee v Steel Bros Ltd (1901), 625 Bay Bon Investments v Selvarajah, 83 Bottrill v A, 551, 559 Bay Hotel & Resort Ltd v Cavalier Construction Co Ltd, Boucher v R (1951), 453, 468, 470, 472–475, 483 317 Boulton v Saunders, 735–737 Bazley v Curry, 554 Boumediene v Bush, 41 Bear Stearns High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Bowen Investments Pty Ltd v Tabcorp Holdings Ltd, 365 Master Fund Ltd, Re, 47, 218 Boyarsky v Taylor, 512–514 Bear(e) (or Bere) (1699), 477, 481 BP Australia Pty Ltd v Brown, 439 Beck v Beck, 17 Braes of Doune Wind Farm (Scotland) Ltd v Alfred Beconwood Securities Pty Ltd v Australia & New Zealand McAlpine Business Services Ltd, 314 Banking Group Ltd, 237–239 Brambles Security Services Ltd v Bi-Lo Pty Ltd, 239 Bective (Countess) v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), Brandy v Human Rights & Equal Opportunities 184–186 Commission, 177, 772 Bedford (1711), 481 Breen v Williams, 244, 246 Behrooz v Secretary, Immigration & Multicultural & Brentwood Brick & Coal Co (1876), 106 Indigenous Affairs, 401 Brewster (1663), 475, 480 Beirnstein, Re; Barnett v Beirnstein, 98, 117–118 Brick & Pipe Industries Ltd v Occidental Life Nominees Bell v Western Australia, 555–556 Pty Ltd, 527 Bellgrove v Loveridge, 296 Bride v Commissioner for Corporate Affairs, 629–630 Beloved Wilkes Charity, Re (1851), 162–163, 175 Bridges v McPhail, 513 Beneficial Finance Corp Ltd v Karavas, 165 Briellat (1793), 451, 475, 482 Bennetts v Board of Fire Commissioners (NSW), 638 Briginshaw v Briginshaw, 261 Benson v Frederick (1766), 563–564 British Horseracing Board v William Hill, 848 Bere — see Bear Brock, Re Estate of, 610 Bergman v Bergman [2009], 702 Brodie v Singleton Shire Council, 332–334, 337–338, Bergman v Bergman [No 6] [2008], 695–696, 701 340–341, 344 Bernard v Attorney-General of Jamaica, 554 Brogden v Brown, 618 Berowra Holdings Pty Ltd v Gordon, 694 Brookton Co-operative Society Ltd v Commissioner of Bersch v Drexel Firestone Inc, 374 Taxation (Cth), 758 Betcorp Ltd, Re, 217–218 Broom v Morgan, 555–556 Beveridge, Will of (1905), 731 Broome v Cassell & Co, 549–550, 556, 564 Biala Pty Ltd v Mallina Holdings Ltd, 628–629, 631, 634 Broughton v Snook, 513 Bigg v Suzi, 17 Brown (1678), 475, 481 Billinghurst v Vickers (1810), 618 Brown (1706), 474, 481 Binns and Jones (1797), 452, 475, 484 Brown v Allen, 306 Birkett v Birkett (1908), 185 Browning v Crowley, 302 BIS Cleanaway (t/as CHEP) v Tatale, 238 Bryant v Blake, 735
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. xii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Buckland v Pocknell (1843), 103, 106 Cassie v Koumans, 731 Buckley v Millar, 611 Cassidy v NRMA Health Pty Ltd, 409 Burdett — see R v Burdett Caterpillar of Australia Pty Ltd v Industrial Court of New Burger King Corp v Hungry Jack’s Corp, 303 South Wales, 694 Burgess v Wheate (1759), 102, 111–112, 120 Cattanach v Melchior, 813 Burghall (Assignees of) v Howard (1759), 108–109 Caunt (1947), 472, 483 Burgundy Royale Investments Pty Ltd v Westpac Banking Caveat Pty Ltd v Baillile, 628–630, 636 Corp, 699 CCH Canadian Ltd v Law Society of Upper Canada, 848 Burke v Frasers Lorne Pty Ltd, 222–223, 795 Cellier (1680), 477, 481 Burland v Earle, 526, 537, 625 Central Bank of Denver v First Interstate Bank of Denver, Burn v London & South Wales Coal Co, 625 591–594 Burns (1886), 468, 470–471, 484 Central Bayside General Practice Association Ltd v Burton and the Saddlers Co, Re (1861), 625 Commissioner of State Revenue (Vic), 36 Butt v Conant (1820), 453 Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 88, Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd, 81 228–230 Byron Bay Retirement Villages Pty Ltd v Zandata Pty Ltd, Cescastle Pty Ltd v Renak Holdings Ltd, 626, 628–629, 367 633 Cetojevic v Cetojevic, 740 C Chambers (1629), 476, 483 Chammas v Harwood Nominees Pty Ltd, 165, 171 Chandler v Broughton, 559 C, in Marriage of, 696 Chandra v Perpetual Trustees Victoria Ltd, 658 C v D, 315 Chapman v Tanner (1684), 101 C (A Patient), Re, 735 Chapman Bros v Verco Bros Ltd, 238 Cackett v Keswick [1902], 241 Charles, Re, 522 Cadbury v Standard Newspapers, 493 Charlton v Members of the Teachers Tribunal, 175 Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd, 249 Chartbrook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd, 727 Caledonian Collieries Ltd v Spiers, 333 Chellew v Excell, 382 Callow v Rupchev, 721 Chief Commissioner of Stamp Duties (NSW) v Buckle, Cambridge v Rous (1802), 731 112 Cambridge Gas Transport Corp v Official Committee of Chief Constable of the Greater Manchester Police v Wigan Unsecured Creditors of Navigator Holdings Ltd, Athletic AFC Ltd, 726–727 49 Cameron v Board of Trustees of the State Public Sector Choudhury (1991) — see R v Chief Metropolitan Superannuation Scheme, 179 Stipendiary Magistrate; Ex parte Choudhury Cameron v Hills, 740 Christopher v Christopher, 617 Canada Bay (City of) Council v Bonaccorso Pty Ltd, 656– Chuen v Laredo Pty Ltd, 623 657 Church v Echuca Regional Health, 260 Canterbury Bankstown Rugby League Football Club Ltd v Citrus Queensland Pty Ltd v Sunstate Orchards Pty Ltd Rogers, 556–557 [No 7], 421 Capital Finance Co Ltd v Stokes, 116–119, 125 City of Canada Bay Council v Bonaccorso Pty Ltd, 656– Caple v All Fasteners (WA) (a firm), 419 657 Carabelas v Scott, 530–531, 538 City of Keilor v O’Donohue, 150 Carapark Holdings Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), CL-Alexanders Laing & Cruickshank v Goldfield, 375 758 Claremont Petroleum NL, Re [No 1], 629 Carbotech-Australia Pty Ltd v Yates, 81–82 Claremont Petroleum NL, Re [No 2], 624, 634–636 Carlile (1831), 457, 483 Claremont Petroleum NL v Australian Gas Light Co, 625– Carlton & United Breweries Ltd v Castlemaine Tooheys 626, 628–629, 631–632 Ltd, 699 Clarence House Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc, 724 Carr (1680), 476, 481 Clark v Royle (1830), 105–106 Carruthers v Connolly, 780 Clark King and Co Pty Ltd v Australian Wheat Board, 768 Casella v Hewitt, 155 Clarke (1729), 475, 481
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xiii
Clarkson v Clarkson, 590 Congresbury Motors Ltd v Anglo-Belge Finance Co Ltd, Clifford v Solid Investments Australia Pty Ltd, 720–721 125 Cloud Top Ltd v Toma Services Pty Ltd, 512 Connor v Pukerau Store Ltd, 836 Clough Engineering Ltd v Origin Energy Resources, 315 Cook v Cook, 34, 599–600 Coast Reo v Asset Builders, 628 Cook v Deeks, 530, 536–537, 542 Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd, 29–30, 597 Cook v Pasminco Ltd, 699 Cobbett (1804), 453–454, 482 Cooper (1843), 462, 475, 484 Cobbett (1831), 457, 483 Cooper v Stuart (1889), 150 Coco v AN Clark (Engineers) Ltd, 242–243 Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority (Holdings) Ltd, 301 (NSW), 169 Corish v Attorney-General’s Dept (NSW), 176 Cohen & Co v Ockerby & Co Ltd, 169 Corrs Pavey Whiting & Byrne v Collector of Customs Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd v FKP Ltd, 248 (Vic), 243 Colgate-Palmolive Co v Cussons Pty Ltd, 250 Corunna Bay Holdings Pty Ltd v Robert Gracie Dean Ltd, Collier v Electrum Acceptance Pty Ltd, 418–419, 422 440 Collingridge v Sontor Pty Ltd, 151 Cotogno v Lamb, 552 Collins (1839), 458, 462, 467–469, 476, 483 Cotogno v Lamb [No 3], 552 Collins v Collins [No 2] (1862), 100, 105, 127 Counties Manukau Trust v Manukau City Council, 521 Collins v Northern Territory, 807 County Securities Pty Ltd v Challenger Group Holdings Comandate Marine Corp v Pan Australia Shipping Pty Pty Ltd, 81 Ltd, 307, 310–311 Coventry v Charter Pacific Corp Ltd, 38 Combe v Lord Swaythling, 110 Cowan v Scargill, 160 Combet v Commonwealth, 41, 490 Cowell v Corrective Services Commission (NSW), 556 Combined Beneficiaries Union Inc v Auckland COGS Cox v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural & Committee, 524 Indigenous Affairs, 396 Comeau’s Sea Foods Ltd v Canada (Minister of Fisheries CPT Manager Ltd v Chief Commissioner of State & Oceans), 661 Revenue (NSW), 759 Commercial & General Acceptance Ltd v Nixon, 580 CPT Custodian Pty Ltd v Commissioner of State Revenue Commissioner of Fair Trading v De Bray, 421–422 (Vic), 759 Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) v EA Marr and Sons Craine v Colonial Mutual Fire Insurance Co Ltd, 819, 829 (Sales Ltd, 758 Crimmins v Stevedoring Industry Finance Committee, Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) v Sara Lee Household & 332–334, 341, 343 Body Care (Aust) Pty Ltd, 527 Crocodile Marketing v Griffith Vintners, 409 Commissioners for Special Purposes of Income Tax v CSR Ltd v Della Maddalena, 259 Pemsel, 38 CTM v The Queen, 89 Commonwealth v Anti-Discrimination Tribunal Cuthell (1799), 452, 482 (Tasmania), 84–85 Czerwinski v Syrena Royal Pty Ltd [No 1], 624, 630, 634 Commonwealth v Griffiths, 555–556 Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) (Tasmanian Dam Case), 201 D Commonwealth v Verwayen, 819, 829–830, 834, 838 D (J), Re, 522 Commonwealth v Wood, 84 DaimlerChrysler AG Securities Litigation, Re, 375 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Friedrich, 534 Dais Studio Pty Ltd v Bullet Creative Pty Ltd, 243 Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme Board v Dexter, Dalban v Romania, 479 180 Dallal v Bank Mellat, 314 Communist Party Case — see Australian Communist Party Dalton (1716), 481, 483 v Commonwealth Dalton (1717), 474, 481 Compaq Computer Australia Pty Ltd v Merry, 414 Dangerfield (1685), 477, 481 Comptroller-General of Customs v Woodlands Enterprises Daniels v Daniels, 533 Pty Ltd, 238 Daniels v Thompson, 550–553 Computershare Ltd v Perpetual Registrars Ltd [No 2], 303, 316
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. xiv The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Dansk Rekylriffel Syndikat Aktieselskab v Snell [1908], D’Ora-Ekenaike v Victoria Legal Aid, 377 100 Douglas v Hello! Ltd, 245 D’Aquila v Lambert (1761), 108 Doulton Potteries Ltd v Bronotte, 238 Darby v Ouseley (1856), 684 Downes v Craig (1841), 188 Darling Island Stevedoring & Lighterage Co Ltd v Long, Downey v Carlson Hotels Asia Pacific Pty Ltd, 421 555 DPP — see Director of Public Prosecutions Dart Industries Inc v David Bryar & Associates Pty Ltd, Drakard (1811), 454 244, 246, 251 Drake (1706), 474, 481 Dartberg Pty Ltd v Wealthcare Financial Planning Pty Ltd, Drinkwater v Goodwin (1775), 98 699 Dronfield Silkstone Colliery Co, Re [No 2], 99 Dashfield v Davidson, 441 Duffin and Lloyd (1792), 450, 476, 482 Data Access Corp v Powerflex Services Pty Ltd, 842 Duff (1846), 483 Davidson v Fish, 260 Duncan, Will of, 731 Davies v Littlejohn, 104, 106, 114, 119 Dundee General Hospitals Board of Management v Davies v Thomas (1900), 99 Walker, 160, 163–165 Davis v Rio Tinto Staff Superannuation Fund Pty Ltd, 161 Duomatic Ltd, Re, 527 De Bruyn v South Australia, 556 Dutton v Bognor Regis Urban District Council, 332 De Gois v Korp, 735–737 Dyce Sombre (1856), 611 De Haber v Queen of Portugal, 753 Dynamic Investments Pte Ltd v Lee Chee Kian Silas, 290 De Libellis Famosis (1605), 457, 469, 473, 475, 477, 480 Dysart Timbers Ltd v Nielsen, 523 Dean of St Asaph/Shipley (1783), 482 Defoe (1703), 475, 481 Del Casale v Artedomus (Aust) Pty Ltd, 242–243 E Dell Computer Corp v Union des Consommateurs, 307, E & J Gallo Winery v Lion Nathan Australia Pty Ltd, 313 384–385 Denne v Light (1857), 513 Eades (1686), 483 D’Eon (1764), 476 Earl of Darnley v Proprietors of London, Chatham & Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Dick, 533, 541 Dover Railway (1867), 819 Design Progression Ltd v Thurloe Properties Ltd, 796 East Suffolk River Catchment Board v Kent, 338–340 Designers Guild v Russell Williams (Textiles), 847 Eaton (1793), 451, 475, 482 Desktop Marketing Systems Pty Ltd v Telstra Corp Ltd, Eaton (1794), 452, 482 840, 846–847 Edensor — see Australian Securities and Investments Deta Nominees Pty Ltd v Viscount Plastic Products Pty Commission v Edensor Nominees Pty Ltd Ltd, 243, 245, 254 Edge v Apple, 846 Dew v Clark (1826), 611, 618 Edman v Ross, 625, 631–632, 638 Dimension Data Australia Pty Ltd v Kepper, 410 Edmonds (1821), 461, 475, 484 Dinn v Grant (1852), 114 Edwards v Attorney-General (NSW), 533 Director of Public Prosecutions v Arab, 443 Edwards v Halliwell, 625 Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) v Bone, 88–89 Elbe Shipping SA v Ship “Global Peace”, 695 Director of Public Prosecutions v Nock, 417 Elders New Zealand Ltd v PGG Wrightson Ltd, 380 Diver v Neal, 751 Elders Trustee & Executor Co Ltd v Commissioner of Dixon v Cargill Meat Processors Pty Ltd, 381 Taxation (Higgins case), 166, 265 Dixon v Gayfere (1857), 103, 105–106, 127 Elders Trustee & Executor Co Ltd v Commonwealth Dixon v Gayfere [No 3] (1885), 105–106 Homes & Investment Co Ltd, 829 Dobbs v National Bank of Australasia Ltd, 595 Electronic Industries Ltd v David Jones Ltd, 832–833 Doe d Lancashire v Lancashire (1792), 617 Elizabeth Bay Developments Pty Ltd v Boral Building Dooney v Henry, 328 Services Pty Ltd, 300, 303, 316 Dorchester Hotel Ltd v Vivid Interiors Ltd, 665–666 Elliot v Crawford, 89 Dorajay Pty Ltd v Aristocrat Leisure Ltd, 296 Elliot v Edwards (1802), 102 Dornan v Riordan, 261 Ellis v Hunt (1789), 109 Dorset Yacht Club Co Ltd v Home Office, 331, 335, 340– Emerson v Custom Credit Corp Ltd, 148 341, 344
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xv
Emmott v Michael Wilson & Partners Ltd, 312 Forge v Australian Securities & Investments Commission, ENT Pty Ltd v Sunraysia, 634, 637–638 529, 534, 537, 539, 542 EPI Environmental Technologies Inc v Symphony Plastic Forgeard v Shanahan, 597–598 Technologies Inc, 251–253 Fortson Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia, 148– Epic Feast Pty Ltd v Mawson KLM Holdings Pty Ltd, 240 149 Equititrust Ltd v Franks, 723–724 Foss v Harbottle (1843), 526, 534, 540, 542, 544, 625– Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Antonopoulos, 78–79 626, 631–632 Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Glengallan Investments Pty Ltd, 10 Fox v Percy, 259, 823 Erich Gasser GmbH v MISAT Srl, 389 Foxworth Pty Ltd v Polwood Pty Ltd, 253 Esso Australia Resources Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation Franchi v Franchi, 251 (Cth), 197 Francis v Francis, 99 Esso Australia Resources Ltd v Plowman, 312 Francis Travel Marketing Pty Ltd v Virgin Atlantic Estex Clothing Manufacturers Pty Ltd v Ellis, 384–385 Airways Ltd, 307 Eureka Funds Management Ltd v Freehills Services Pty Francklin (1731), 476, 482 Ltd, 76, 220 Franklin v Giddins, 244 Eurofood IFSC, Re, 47 Freeman v New South Wales Rural Assistance Authority, Eurogold Ltd v Oxus Holdings (Malta) Ltd, 699 304 Europe & Overseas Commodity Traders SA v Banque French, Re (1868), 185 Paribas London, 374 French v Barcham, 597–598 Ewers (1691), 474, 481 French Caledonia Travel, Re, 99 Exhibition Marketing Pty Ltd v Richmond Valley Council, French Republic v Board of Supervisors of Jefferson 151–152 County, 757 Exxon Shipping Co v Baker, 23–26 Friend v Brooker, 726 Frost (1793), 450, 475, 484 F Fundel v Wall, 725 Funerals of Distinction Pty Ltd, Re, 638 F v Ling, 88 Furs Ltd v Tomkies, 526, 536 F Hoffman-La Roche Ltd v Empagran SA, 376 Fussell (1848), 464–465, 475, 484 Fair Trading, Commissioner of v De Bray, 421–422 Falcke v Scottish Imperial Insurance Co (1886), 727 Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd, 166, 190, G 285, 411 Feather v The Queen, 555 G and C Kreglinger v New Patagonia Meat & Cold Federation of Pakistan — see Pakistan (Federation) Storage Co Ltd, 240 Feist Publications, Inc v Rural Telephone Service Co, 840, Gain v Commonwealth Bank of Australia, 304 848 Gallagher v Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Fencott v Muller, 422, 699 27 Fenwick, Re, 522–523 Galley v Baker (1736), 189 Ferguson v British Gas Trading Ltd, 723 Gambotto v WCP Ltd, 530 Fiji (Republic) v Prasad, 320–322, 324, 327–328 Gardiner v Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd, 824– Finance Brokers Supervisory Board v Van Stokkum, 556 827, 834 Finlayson, In Marriage of, 698 Gargan v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW), 328 Finlayson v Campbell, 794 Garina Pty Ltd v Action Holdings Ltd, 634 Fiona Trust & Holding Corp v Yuri Privalov, 311 Garrett v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 268 Firth v Centrelink, 99 Gemma Ltd v Davies, 155–156 Fisher v Fisher, 702 General Reinsurance Australia Ltd v HIH Casualty & Fitzpatrick (1813), 454–455, 476, 483 General Insurance Ltd, 295–296 Fletcher, Re; Ex parte Papaleo, 735 Georges v Wieland, 666–667 Florgale Uniforms Pty Ltd v Orders, 580 Gestetner Settlement, Re; Barnett v Blumka, 177 Floridienne SA & Berginvest SA v Belgian State, 758 Giannarelli v Wraith, 377 Forbes Engineering (Asia) Pte Ltd v Forbes [No 4], 595– Gibbons v Baddall, 101 596 Gilbert J McCaul (Aust) Pty Ltd v Pitt Club Ltd, 831
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. xvi The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Gill v Bucholtz, 658 Hall v Sherman, 622 Gillingham Bus Disaster Fund, Re, 216 Halloway’s Case (1629), 61 GIO General Ltd v Sabko Pty Ltd, 438 Halsey v Milton Keynes General NHS Trust, 300 Giorgianni v The Queen, 409–410, 412–415, 419 Hamilton Island Enterprises Ltd v Boss, 796–797 Gisborne v Gisborne,163–164 Hammersmith & Fulham LBC v Alexander-David, 801– Giumelli v Giumelli, 830, 838 802 GlaxoSmithKline Australia Pty Ltd v Ritchie, 243 Hanchett-Stamford v AG, 154 Gleaves v Insall, 479 Hannam v Lamney, 114, 123 Glencore International AG v Metro Trading International Hannover Life Re of Australasia Ltd v Sayseng, 165, 168 Inc, 238 Hardy (1794), 449 Gokora Pty Ltd v Montgomery Jordan & Stevenson Pty Hargrave v Goldman, 335–337 Ltd, 413–414 Harnas & Helm CV v Staatssecretaris van Financien, Goldman v Hargrave, 335 758 Goodrich Aerospace Pty Ltd v Arsic, 259 Harper v Hendricks, 682 Gordon (1787) — see R v Gordon (Lord George) (1787) Harpur v Ariadne Australia Ltd, 780 Gordon v Townsend (1872), 611 Harriman v The Queen, 397 Gore and Durant’s Case — see Patent Carriage Co, Re Harris (1680), 475, 481 Gould v Brown, 490 Harris v Caladine, 698 Gould v Vaggelas, 780 Harris v Digital Pulse Pty Ltd, 549–550 Government Employees Superannuation Board v Martin, Hartigan Nominees Pty Ltd v Rydge, 164, 638 687 Harvey and Chapman (1823), 457, 475, 483 Government of India — see India, Government of Hawes — see also R v Hawes Governor, Goulburn Correctional Centre, Re; Ex parte Hawes v Watson (1824), 109 Eastman, 769 Hayes v Bristol Plant Hire Ltd, 626 Graham Barclay Oysters Pty Ltd v Ryan, 333–334, 340 Haywood v Cope (1858), 513 Grain Pool of Western Australia v Commonwealth, 806– Healing (Sales) Pty Ltd v Inglis Electrix Pty Ltd, 558 807 Healthscope Ltd v Symbion Health Ltd, 665 Grant v Downs, 197 Hearle v Botelers (1604), 101 Grant v Mills (1813), 105 Heart Research Institute Ltd v Psiron Ltd, 300–302 Gray v Motor Accident Commission, 549–553, 558 Heating Centre Pty Ltd v Trade Practices Commission, Gray Eisdell Timms Pty Ltd v Combined Auctions Pty 417 Ltd, 530 Helljay Investments Pty Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Green v AMP Life, 174 Taxation, 328 Green v The Queen, 71 Hermann, Re; Ex parte Official Assignee, 185 Greenhalgh v Arderne Cinemas, 625 HEST Australia Ltd v Sykley, 160, 179 Griffiths (deceased), Re, 295 Hewett v Court, 97, 110, 114, 119, 121 Griffiths & Beerens Pty Ltd v Paul Duggan, 261 Heydon v NRMA Ltd, 410 Grimthorpe (Dec’d), Re, 265 Heywood v Roadknight, 190 Groser v Equity Trustees Ltd, 598 Hide & Skin Trading Pty Ltd v Oceanic Meat Traders Ltd, Grosvenor v Drax (1833), 185 169 Grover, In re, 803 Higgins case — see Elders Trustee & Executor Co Ltd v Groves v Commonwealth, 556 Commissioner of Taxation Grundt v Great Boulder Pty Gold Mines Ltd, 829, 832 HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd, Re, 49 Gulbenkian, Re, 732 Hill, Ex parte (1815), 99 Gumland Property Holdings Pty Ltd v Duffy Bros Fruit Hill v Hill & Cat Protection Society of Victoria, 735 Market (Campbelltown) Pty Ltd, 77, 220 Hill v Van Erp, 333 Hill End Gold Ltd v First Tiffany Resource Corp, 231–232 Hillig v Darkinjung Pty Ltd [No 2], 158 H Hillpalm Pty Ltd v Heaven’s Door Pty Ltd, 656–657 H v H, 700, 702 Hindmarsh Island Case — see Kartinyeri v Habib v Commonwealth [No 2], 723 Commonwealth Hall v Poolman, 446, 533 Hirst v United Kingdom, 42 * This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xvii
Hiscox v Outhwaite, 314 Imperial Mercantile Credit Association v Coleman, 542 HML v The Queen, 260 Imperial Ottoman Bank v Trustees, Executors & Securities Hockey v Yelland, 589 Insurance Corp (1895), 110, 114 Hodge v The Queen (1883), 201 Inchcape Financial Services v Classic Automobiles Ltd, Hodgson v Loy (1797), 109 415 Hodsen v Lloyd, 617 India, Government of v Taylor, 757 Hodson v Barnes, 609 Industrial Development Consultants Ltd v Cooley, 529 Hoffmann v Waters, 735 Industrial Rollformers Pty Ltd v Ingersoll-Rand Hogg v Cramphorn Ltd, 526, 537 (Australia) Ltd, 250 Holberry (1840), 475, 484 Industry Education Networking Pty Ltd, Re, 629–631, 636 Holden v Chief Constable of Lancashire, 563–564 Ingot Capital Investments Pty Ltd v Macquarie Equity Holder v Holder, 382 Capital Markets Ltd, 630 Holgate-Mohammed v Duke, 341 Intercapital Holdings Ltd v MEH Ltd, 629, 631 Holland v Wiltshire, 513 Interstar Wholesale Finance Pty Ltd v Integral Home Hollinrake v Truswell, 846 Loans Pty Ltd, 83–84 Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd, 553–554 Investec Bank (Aust) Ltd v Glodale Pty Ltd, 579–581 Holloway v Chancery Mead Ltd, 316 Ireland, In Marriage of, 696, 700 Holt (1793), 451, 475, 482 Irvine v Union Bank of Australia (1877), 527 Hooper v Kirells, 699 Ito v Shinko (Australia) Pty Ltd, 627, 636 Hooper Bailie Associated Ltd v Natcon Group Pty Ltd, Ivanhoe Grammar School v Raschilla, 267 299–304, 316 Hopkinson v Rolt, 14 Horan v James, 732 J Horne (later Horne Tooke) (1777), 477, 482 Hospital Products Pty Ltd v United States Surgical Corp, JA McBeath Nominees Pty Ltd v Jenkins Development Co 250, 492 Pty Ltd, 796 Houghton v Arms, 422, 697 JA Pye Oxford Ltd v Graham, 261 Howe v Smith (1884), 110 Jackson v Lithgow City Council, 86 Huckle v Money (1763), 563–564 Jain v Trent Strategic Health Authority, 380 Hudson (1793), 451, 475, 484 James, Ex parte (1874), 266 Hughes v Police (SA), 298 James Hardie & Co Pty Ltd v Seltsam Pty Ltd, 698 Humes Ltd v United APA Ltd [No 1], 622–623, 633, 637 Jamieson v Professional Investment Services Pty Ltd, Humes Ltd v United APA Ltd [No 2], 626, 628–629, 631 296–297 Hunt (John and Leigh) (1811), 454, 475, 477, 482 Jeavons v Chapman [No 2], 735–736 Hunt (1820), 460–461, 469, 484 Jersey (Earl of) v Briton Ferry Floating Dock Co (1869), Hunt (1824), 457, 483 106 Hunt v Hunt, 18 Jess v Jess, 695 Hunter Business Finance v Australian Business & John Shaw & Sons Ltd v Peter Shaw & John Shaw, 625 Equipment Finance, 248 Johns v Australian Securities Commission, 246 Hurt (1711), 475, 481 Johnson (1686), 477, 481 Johnson (1805), 453–454, 476, 482 Johnson v Johnson (1843), 731 I Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Ltd, 697, 699 Jones (1848), 465, 475, 484 Iannello v Sharpe, 512 Jones v Dunkel, 630 IceTV v Nine Network, 840–848 Joosse v ASIC, 328 ICT Pty Ltd v Sea Containers Ltd, 10 Judiciary and Navigation Acts, Re, 768 Idoport Pty Ltd v National Australia Bank, 302–303 Jules, Re, 82 Imbree v McNeilly, 34, 599–600 Imperial Chemical Industries v Shatwell, 555 Imperial Group Pension Trust Ltd v Imperial Tobacco Ltd, 167–168, 170
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. xviii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
K Kuwait Airways Corp v Iraqi Airways Co, 756–757, 762 Kyriackou v Shield Mercantile Pty Ltd [No 2], 267–268 K v K, 18 Karger v Paul, 159, 161–166, 169, 172, 174–175 Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (Hindmarsh Island Case), L 815 Keach (1665), 475, 480 Lacon v Mertins (1743), 111 Keats v Wallis, 513 Ladbroke Football Ltd v William Hill Football Ltd, 842 Keenfern Pty Ltd v Thorlock International Ltd, 627, 634 Ladyman, Re, 265–266 Keilor, City of v O’Donohue, 150 Lafarge Redland Aggregates Ltd v Shepherd Hill Civil Kekatos v Sanson, 801 Engineering Ltd, 317 Kelleher v Corrective Services Commissioner (NSW), Laing O’Rourke (BMC) Pty Ltd v Transport Infrastructure 396 Development Corp, 301, 304 Kelly v CA & L Bell Commodities Corp Ltd, 191 Lamb (1610), 475, 480 Kelly v Campbell, 328 Lamb v Cotogno, 551–553, 558 Kelly v Hutton (1868), 100, 110 Lambert et al (1793), 451, 482 Kelly v Raymor (Illawarra) Pty Ltd, 178 Lambert and Perry (1810), 454, 468, 475, 482 Kenman Kandy Australia Pty Ltd v Registrar of Trade Lancashire Fires Ltd v SA Lyons & Co Ltd, 248, 253 Marks, 808 Landau (A Bankrupt), Re, 170 Kenna & Brown Pty Ltd v Kenna, 533 Landlord Protect Ltd v St Anselm Development Co Ltd, Kennedy v Wallace, 197 440 Kerr v British Leyland (Staff) Trustees Ltd, 167 Lane v Morrison, 804 Kettlewell v Watson (1884), 104 Langen & Wind Ltd v Bell, 100, 116 Khatri v Price, 699 Laroche v Spirit of Adventure (UK) Ltd, 667–668 Kilkenny Engineering Pty Ltd, Re, 437 Laskar v Laskar, 87–88 King, In re, 381–382 Laurence v Griffiths, 795 King v GIO Australia Holdings Ltd, 410, 421 Law Society v Shah, 82–83 Kinloch v Secretary of State for India (1882), 191 Lawrence (1690), 474, 481 Kinsela v Russell Kinsela Pty Ltd, 530, 537 Leerac Pty Ltd v Fay, 27–28 Kioa v West, 174 Leese and Whitehead (1936), 470, 472, 483 Kirby v Centro Properties Ltd [No 2], 381 Lehmann v McArthur, 796 Kirk v Walton, 155 Lei Zi Shen v Cordukes, 638 Kirkland-Veenstra v Stuart, 336, 338 Leighton (1630), 475, 480 Kline v First Western Government Securities, Inc, 592 Lemery Holdings Pty Ltd v Reliance Financial Services Klug v Klug, 176 Pty Ltd, 231 Knightswood Nominees Pty Ltd v Sherwin Pastoral Co, Levick v Law Society, 328 623, 627, 629, 631, 634, 637 Levin v Clark, 543 Kogarah Municipal Council v Golden Paradise Corp, 656– Levy v Stogdon [1898], 114 657 Liberty Financial Pty Ltd v Scott [No 3], 243 Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v KLALC Liberty Financial Pty Ltd v Scott [No 4], 243 Property and Investment Pty Ltd, 656 Lickbarrow v Mason (1793), 107, 109 Koroi v Commissioner of Inland Revenue, 329–330 Lift Capital Partners Pty Ltd v Merrill Lynch Kosmopoulos v Kosmopoulos, 695 International, 237–241 Kowalski v MMAL Staff Superannuation Fund Pty Ltd, Limpus v London General Omnibus Co (1862), 554 699 Lindon v Commonwealth [No 2], 17 Kriketos v Livschitz, 441–442 Lionsgate Australia Pty Ltd v Macquarie Private Portfolio Krueger Transport Equipment Pty Ltd v Glen Cameron Management Ltd, 239 Storage & Distribution Pty Ltd, 243, 248–249 Liquidators of the Maritime Bank v Receiver General of Krueger Transport Equipment Pty Ltd v Glen Cameron NB [1892], 201 Storage & Distribution Pty Ltd [No 2], 249 Liquideng Farm Supplies Pty Ltd v Liquid Engineering Kuddus v Chief Constable of Leicestershire Constabulary, 2003 Pty Ltd, 665 549–550, 557, 560–561, 563–565
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xix
Lissenden v CAV Bosch Ltd, 829 Mackreth v Symmons (1808), 100–103, 109, 111–112, Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd, 553–554 119, 124, 127 Little v Governor of Pentridge Prison & Secretary of the McLean v Attorney General (NSW), 176 Law Institute, 397 MacLeod v The Queen, 531 Liversidge v Anderson, 226 McNeill v Hearing & Balance Centre Pty Ltd, 623–624, Liversey (formerly Jenkins) v Jenkins, 377–378 628, 633, 639 Lloyd-Williams v Mayfield, 751 McPhail v Doulton, 176–177, 732 Lo Pui Sang v Mamata Kapildev Dave, 289–290 Maddison v Goldrick, 682–683 Lock v Westpac Banking Corp, 167, 170, 178 Madzimbamuto v Lardner-Burke, 329 London & Cheshire Insurance Co Ltd v Laplagrene Maggbury Pty Ltd v Hafele Australia Pty Ltd, 247–249 Property Co Ltd, 117–119 Magro v Fremantle Football Club Ltd, 421 Londonderry’s Settlement, Re, 164 Majestic Resources NL v Caveat Pty Ltd, 628–630, 635– Looney (1848), 464, 484 636 Lord George Gordon — see R v Gordon Mahenthirarasa v State Rail Authority (NSW), 158 Lovett (1839), 458, 476, 483 Maidstone Building Provisions Ltd, Re, 417 LU Simon Builders Pty Ltd v Fowles, 595 Manisty’s Settlement, Re, 163 Lumbers v W Cook Builders Pty Ltd (In liq), 726–727 Manitoba Language Rights, Re, 329 Lutheran Church of Australia South Australian District Inc Mannigel v Aitken, 265 v Farmers’ Co-operative Executor & Trustees Ltd, Mantec Thoroughbreds Pty Ltd v Baturor, 792–796 163, 176 Mantle (1848), 465, 475, 484, 485 Luu v Sovereign Developments Pty Ltd, 512 Manufacturing Grocers’ Employees Federation of Lykogiannis v Retail Employees Superannuation Pty Ltd, Australia, Re; Ex parte Australian Chamber of 179 Manufactures, 167 Lynam v Director-General of Social Security, 588–589 Marbury v Madison (1803), 200 Marganot (1794), 449 Mars UK Ltd v Teknowledge Ltd, 254 M Marston v Roe, 617 Martineau v Matsqui Institution Disciplinary Board Mabo v Queensland [No 2] (1992), 128 [No 2], 398 McCabe v British American Tobacco Australia Services Masters v McCubbery, 260 Ltd, 196 Matchett v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 328 McClelland v Burning Palms Surf Lifesaving Club, 174 Mazzone v James, 523–524 McCoy v Estate of Caelli, 27, 221 Meates v Attorney-General, 442 McDonald v Ellis, 638 Medical Benefits Fund of Australia Ltd v Cassidy, 408, McDonald v New South Wales, 558 410–411 Macdonnell v Evans, 682 Mendolicchiu, Re, 88–89 McEwins Hairdressing & Beauty Supplies Pty Ltd v Menier v Hooper’s Telegraph Works (1874), 536 Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 328 Mense v Milenkovic, 243, 251 McFadden v Public Trustee (Vic), 160, 173 Mercator Property Consultants Pty Ltd v Christmas Island McFadyen & Co, Re; Ex parte Vizianagaram Co Ltd, 91 Resort Pty Ltd, 699 McGrath, Re, 48, 52 Mercer v Craven Grain, 238 Machenny (1685), 475, 481 Merest v Harvey, 551 McHugh (1901), 458, 471, 476, 484 Mettoy Pension Trustees Ltd v Evans, 167, 170 Maciejewski v Telstra Super Pty Ltd, 166, 179 Microsoft Corp v Goodview Electronics, 409 Mackay, In Marriage of, 696 Microsoft Corp v PC Club Australia Pty Ltd, 409 McKay v McKay, 721 Mid-City Skin Care & Laser Centre Pty Ltd v Zahedi- McKenzie v McDonald, 190 Anarak, 245 McKenzie (dec’d), Estate of & Estate of McKenzie Midas Management Pty Ltd v Equator Communications (dec’d), 702 Pty Ltd [No 2], 802–803 McKeown v Cavalier Yachts Pty Ltd, 238 McKerlie v Drillsearch Energy Ltd, 726 Middleton v Magnay (1864), 100, 110, 113–114 Mackie v South Australia, 397 Middleweek v Chief Constable of Merseyside, 398
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. xx The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Midill (97PL) Ltd v Park Lane Estates Ltd, 664 National Trust Co v Bouckhuyt, 660 Mihlenstedt v Barclays Bank International Ltd, 167–168 Nationwide News Ltd v Naidu, 548 Miller (1770), 482 Nature’s Sunshine Products Securities Litigation, In re, Miller v Miller, 526, 528–530, 537 593 Miller v The Queen, 400, 402 Natwest Markets Australia Pty Ltd v Tenth Vandy Pty Miltonbrook Pty Ltd v Westbury Holdings Kiama Pty Ltd, Ltd, 77 439 Nelson v Anglo-American Co [1897], 626 Mines, The Case of the (R v Earl of Northumberland) Nelson v Nelson, 560 (1568), 725 Nettleship v Weston, 599 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co v Beiersdorf Network Ten v TCN Channel Nine, 846 Australia Ltd, 250 New South Wales v Austeel Pty Ltd, 310 Mitchel (1848) — see R v Mitchel (1848) New South Wales v Banabelle Electrical Pty Ltd, 300–301 Mitchell v Director of Public Prosecutions, 321 New South Wales v Bryant, 557 Mobil Cerro Negro Ltd v Petroleus de Venezuela SA, 312 New South Wales v Cadia Holdings Pty Ltd, 725 Modular Design Group Pty Ltd, Re, 12–13 New South Wales v Commonwealth (1915) (Wheat Case), Molomby v Whitehead, 638 765–773 Money Tree Management Services Pty Ltd v Deputy New South Wales v Commonwealth (2006) (Work Commissioner of Taxation, 328 Choices Case), 41 Monger v Taylor, 735 New South Wales v Delly, 548, 552–553, 560 Montgomery (1795), 452 New South Wales v Fahy, 337–338 Moore (1699), 475, 481 New South Wales v Ibbett, 548–549, 557–558, 561–565 Moorgate Tobacco Co Ltd v Philip Morris [No 2], 243– New South Wales v Lepore, 549, 553–554, 558–559, 561 244, 246 Newcomen v Colson, 795 Morgan (1631), 475, 480 Newport City Council v Charles, 803 Morley v Clavering (1860), 513 Ngurli Ltd v McCann, 530 Morrison v National Australia Bank Ltd, 373–376 Ng Swee Lang v Sassoon Samuel Bernard, 289–290 Morrow v chinadotcom Corp, 300 Nicholas v Ingram, 513 Mortensen v New South Wales, 745 Nicholas v Permakraft (NZ), 537 Mount Eden Land Ltd v Straudley Investments Ltd, 440 Nile v Club Plus Superannuation Pty Ltd, 171 Mousell Brothers Ltd v London and North-Western Nilsen v Murcott, 28 Railway Co, 555 Nilsson v Mcdonald, 802 Mozley v Alston (1847), 625 Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd v IceTV Pty Ltd, 842–847 Mullen, Ex parte; Re Wigley, 651 Nintendo Co Ltd v Centronics Systems Pty Ltd, 806 Multinational Gas & Petroleum Co v Multinational Gas & Nives v Nives (1880), 100 Petroleum Services Ltd, 526, 528, 532, 537 Nominal Defendant v Clancy, 630 Multiplex v Funds Management Pty Ltd, 297 North Australia Territory Co v Goldsbrough Mort & Co Murray v Schreuder, 638 [1893], 686 Muschinski v Dodds, 30, 190 North-West Transportation Co v Beatty (1887), 526, 536 Musgrave v ACCC, 414 Northbuild Construction Pty Ltd v Discovery Beach Mutter v Eastern & Midlands Railway Co, 623, 615 Project Pty Ltd, 309 Mycock v Beatson (1879), 100, 110, 114 NRMA v Parker, 625 NSX Ltd v Pritchard, 664–665 Nutt (1756), 474, 482 N
Napier and Entrick (Lord) v Hunter, 98, 118 O Nash (1718) — see R v Nash (1718) Nassif v Caminer, 719–720 O Mustad & Son v Dosen, 245 Nathan v Dollars and Sense Ltd, 81 O’Brien (1840), 458, 475, 484 National Grid Co plc v Mayes, 170 O’Brien (1848), 463–464, 466, 469, 475, 484 National Mutual Life Association of Australia Ltd v O’Brien v Komesaroff, 243 Campbell, 161, 165, 178–180 O’Connell (1844), 462–463, 466, 470, 475–476, 484
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xxi
O’Connell (1848), 469 Parkes Management Ltd v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd, 163 O’Connor (1840), 458, 483 Parrott v Sweetland (1835), 105, 126 O’Connor (1843), 462, 475, 484 Pasadena (Holdings) Pty Ltd v Khouri, 513 O’Connor v SP Bray Ltd, 829 Pascoe Ltd v Lucas, 527, 529, 532, 534, 537, 539 O’Donnell (1848), 465, 475, 484 Patel v Ali, 513 Officer in Charge of Cells, ACT Supreme Court, Re; Ex Patent Carriage Co, Re (1866) (Gore and Durant’s Case), parte Eastman, 397 100, 124 Official Solicitor v K, 377 Patrick Stevedores Operations No 2 Pty Ltd v Maritime Ofulue v Bossert, 439 Union of Australia, 301 Ogle v Earl Vane, 832–833 Pattenden v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), 667 Old CGU Inc v Industrial Relations Commission (NSW), Pattison v Hadjimouratis, 267–268 306 Pauling’s Settlement Trusts, Re, 163 Olin Corp v Super Cartridge Co Pty Ltd, 250 Pauling’s Settlement Trusts, Re [No 2], 231 Olins v Walters, 157 Pavlou, In re, 597–598 Oliver Ashworth (Holdings) Ltd v Ballard (Kent) Ltd, PCS Operations Pty Ltd v Maritime Union of Australia, 829 695, 699 Olma v Amendola, 239 Peanut Board v Rockhampton Harbour Board, 768 Olympic Holdings Pty Ltd v Windslow Corp Pty Ltd, 11– Peeters v Canada, 563–564 14 Pelerman v Pelerman, 17 Omychund v Barker, 681 Peltier (1803), 469 One.Tel Networks Pty Ltd, Re, 382 Pender v Lushington, 625 Orascom Telecom v Republic of Chad, 313 Pennsylvania v Dunlap, 74 O’Rourke v P & B Corp Pty Ltd, 156–157 People, Re, by Bohlinger, Appeal of International Workers Osland v Secretary to the Department of Justice, 196, Order Inc, 190 838 Pepperill, Re, 731 Osmond v Public Service Board (NSW), 490 Pereira v Director of Public Prosecutions, 415 Ostrowski v Palmer, 383 Perpetual Trustees Victoria Ltd v Tsai, 658 Otway Coal Co, Re, 437 Perre v Apand Pty Ltd, 565 Overbury v Overbury, 617 Persad v State of Trinidad and Tobago, 235 Owen (1752), 475, 482 Petelin v Cullen, 10 Owners of the Ship “Shin Kobe Maru” v Empire Shipping Peters’ American Delicacy Co Ltd v Heath, 530 Co Inc, 771 Peters (WA) Ltd v Petersville Ltd, 249 Owusu v Jackson (t/a Villa Holidays Bal Inn Villas), 389 Pettey v Parsons, 795 Pfizer Overseas Pharmaceuticals v Eli Lilly & Co, 808 Philip Morris Inc v Adam P Brown Male Fashions Pty P Ltd, 695–696 P, Re, 522–523 Philip Morris USA v Williams, 26 Paharpur Cooling Towers Ltd v Paramount (WA) Ltd, Piccinin v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 328 311 Pico Holdings Inc v Voss, 411–412 Paine (1695), 475, 481 Pilmer v Duke Group Ltd, 335 Paine (1792), 450, 475, 482 Pioneer Electronic Corp v Registrar of Trade Marks, 385 Pakistan (Federation) v Tamizuddin, 329 Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth, 850 Palette Shoes Pty Ltd v Krohn, 118 Platform Funding Ltd v Bank of Scotland plc, 443–444 Palmer, Re, 735 Playa Large (Owners of cargo lately laden on board) v I Panoutsos v Raymond Hadley Corp of New York, 832– Congreso Del Partido (Owners), 753 833 Plowright v Burge, 735 Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), 772 Polwood Pty Ltd v Foxworth Pty Ltd, 253–254 Paper Products Pty Ltd v Tomlinsons (Rochdale) Ltd, Polysar Investments Netherlands BV v Inspecteur der 409 Invoerrechten en Accijnzen, Arnhem, 758 Papua & New Guinea (Administration) v Leahy, 338 Polyukhovich v Commonwealth, 761–762 Parker v Commonwealth, 556 Ponsonby (a lunatic), Re (1842), 185
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. xxii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Poonon v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 328 R Pope v Lawler, 175, 179 Pope & Talbot case, 95–96 R v A, 444–445 Possfund Custodial Trustee Ltd v Kwik-Fit Properties Ltd, R v Aldred (1909), 467, 469, 472, 474, 483 367–368 R v Anderson, 683 Potier, Re, 403–404, 406 R v Antonelli (1906), 469, 476 Potier v General Manager & Governor, MRRC, 402–403, R v Australasian Films Ltd, 555 406 R v Baker (1909), 416 Potier v Ruddock, 402–403 R v Ballard (1829), 62 Potier v The Queen, 402 R v Barclay (1839), 60 Powell v McFarlane, 261 R v Bassett, 442–443 Prasad v Republic of Fiji, 320 R v Bedington [1970], 684 Premium Nafta Products Ltd v Fili Shipping Co, 311 R v Benbrika [No 20], 397 Presbyterian Church (NSW) Property Trust v Scots R v Bentley,602 Church Development Ltd, 266 R v Betson, 228 Presidential Security Services of Australia Pty Ltd v R v Billy (1840), 60 Brilley, 555–556 R v Bolden (1841), 60 Prestcold (Central) Ltd v Minister of Labour, 220 R v Bonjon, 62 Pridmore v Magenta Nominees Pty Ltd, 829 R v Burdett (1820), 456, 477, 483 Prince v Argue, 740 R v Carver (1832), 61 Printy v Provident Capital, 658–659 R v Cavell Insurance Co, 49 Prisoners A-XX Inclusive v NSW, 400–402, 405–406 R v Chief Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate; Ex parte Proctor v Chahl, 151 Choudhury (“Satanic Verses” case), 473, 483 Prosecutor v Kunarac, Kovac and Vukovic, 517 R v Collins (1835), 61 Provident Capital Ltd v Printy, 658 R v Commonwealth Court of Conciliation & Arbitration; Prynne (1632), 477, 480 Ex parte Barrett, 698 Public Service Board (NSW) v Osmond, 261 R v Deputy Governor of Parkhurst Prison; Ex parte Public Transport Commission (NSW) v J Murray-More Hague, 399, 401–402 (NSW) Pty Ltd, 34 R v Dirty Dick (1829), 62 Pugh v Tribune Co, 593 R v Dundomah (1840), 60 Pumfrey, deceased, Re; Worcester City & County R v Earl of Northumberland (The Case of the Mines) Banking Co v Blick (1882), 99 (1568), 725 Pym (1664), 476, 480 R v Ensor (1887), 475 Pyoja Pty Ltd v 284 Bronte Road Developments Pty Ltd, R v Fitzpatrick (1824), 60 695 R v Foley, 684 Pyrenees Shire Council v Day, 331–339, 341–343 R v Francis, 456 R v Geeson (1828), 61 R v Gerrald (1794), 449–450 Q R v Glennan, 412 R v Gordon (Lord George) (1787), 476, 482 Qarase v Bainimarama, 319, 342–330 R v Gray [1900], 476 Quarante Pty Ltd v Owners of Strata Plan No 67212, 294 R v Hagan (1839), 60 Quarmby v Keating, 222 R v Hart and White (1808), 453 The Queen’s Case (1820), 669–688 R v Hatherly (1822), 60 Queensland v JL Holdings Pty Ltd, 494, 715 R v Hawes, 687 Queensland Mines Ltd v Hudson, 532 R v Hawker (1822), 59 Quinlan v Vital Technology Australia Ltd, 628–630 R v Hayter, 235 Quinlivin v ACCC, 414, 421–422 R v Hewitt (1799), 59 QUYD v Marvass Pty Ltd, 581 R v Hoar, 552 R v Home Secretary; Ex parte Bentley, 602 R v Howell, 802 R v Jack (1894), 683
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xxiii
R v Jackey, 60 Rankin (1848), 465–466, 484 R v Jheeta, 85 Rapa v Patience, 165–166, 168, 176–177 R v Johnson (1828), 61 Rassi v Metropolitan Police Commissioner, 595 R v Kearns (1839), 61 Read v Dupper (1795), 98 R v Keenan, 235–236 Ready Constructions Pty Ltd v Jemo, 513 R v Kelly (1975), 417 Redmayn(e) (1717), 474, 481 R v Kilmeister [No 2] (1838), 60 Rees v Bailey Aluminium Products Pty Ltd, 684–685 R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers’ Society of Australia Reeves (1796), 452, 482 (Boilermakers’ Case), 7, 201, 768 Refugee Review Tribunal, Re; Ex parte Aala, 694 R v Kirby; R v Thompson (1820), 56, 60–62 Regal (Hasting) Ltd v Gulliver, 525, 528–530, 536–537 R v Labouchere (1884), 475 Registrar of the Accident Compensation Tribunal v R v Lamb (1839), 60 Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), 182–183, 191, R v Leak, 684 263 R v Long Jack (1838), 60 Republic of Fiji — see Fiji (Republic) R v Lowe (1827), 62 Retractable Technologies v Occupational & Medical R v Luttrell (1810), 58–59 Innovations, 247 R v McGregor (1834), 61 Richardson, Ex parte (1874), 611 R v Mayberry, 412 Ridgway v Consolidated Energy Corp Pty Ltd, 414 R v Merchant Tailors (1831), 625 Rigg v Sheridan, 87 R v Mertens (1882), 469 Riley v Penttila, 261 R v Miller (1824), 59–60 RJE v Secretary to the Department of Justice, 286, 405 R v Mitchel (1848), 459, 467, 475, 483 Roach v Electoral Commissioner, 42, 812 R v Most (1881), 469 Roads & Traffic Authority (NSW) v Dederer, 344, 362 R v Mow-watty (1816), 56, 62 Roads & Traffic Authority (NSW) v O’Reilly, 383 R v Murrell (1836), 60, 62 Roberts v Gilgandra Shire Council, 150–151 R v Nash (1718), 483 Roberts v Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co, 591 R v New Statesman; Ex parte Director of Public Robertson Street Properties Pty Ltd v RPM Promotions Prosecutions, 476 Pty Ltd, 421 R v Nifadopoulos, 417 Robinson v Bailey, 794 R v Northumberland (Earl)(1568) — see Mines, The Case Robinson v Pett (1734), 183, 264 of the Roche v Kronheimer, 769 R v Orton, 683–687 Rockett v Evans, 149 R v Parker (1829), 60 Rockett v Moneycorp Securities Pty Ltd, 149 R v Piggott (1868), 468, 470–471 Rod Investments (Vic) Pty Ltd v Clark, 296 R v Potier, 402 Rodwell v GR Evans & Co Pty Ltd, 794 R v Powell (1799), 56–59, 61 Romeo v Conservation Commission (NT), 342 R v Puckeridge (1827), 61 Ronini Pty Ltd v ACN 101 071 998 Pty Ltd, 86 R v Ralph (1848), 463, 484 Rookes v Barnard, 549–551, 563 R v Russell, 416, 418 Rose v Watson (1864), 110, 112–113, 120 R v Sehan Yousry, 683–684 Rosebridge Nominees Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of R v S(F), 666 Australia, 14–15 R v Sinclair (1794), 450 Ross (1690), 481 R v Sullivan (1868), 475, 483, 468, 470–471 Rowan (1793), 451, 475, 482 R v Tannous, 417 Rowland v Meudon, 624–626, 632–638 R v Wombarty (1837), 60 Roy Morgan Research Centre Pty Ltd v Commissioner of R (Edwards-Sayer) v Secretary of State for Justice, 28–29 State Revenue (Vic), 260 R (Lewis) v Redcar & Cleveland BC [No 2], 668 Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge [No 2], 81 Raftland Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), 10 Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust v South Sydney Raguz v Sullivan, 306, 314 City Council, 169 Rajski v Tectran Corp Pty Ltd, 302 Royal Melbourne Hospital v Equity Trustees Ltd, 232–233 Ralph (1848) — see R v Ralph (1848) Rubin v Schottenstein, Zox & Dunn, 592 Ralphson (1684), 475, 481 Ryledar Pty Ltd v Euphoric Pty Ltd, 126
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. xxiv The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Shelley’s Case — see Wolfe v Shelley Shelmadine v Ringen Pty Ltd, 795 S Shevill v Builders Licensing Board, 77 Shipley — see Dean of St Asaph S v Attorney General, 558–559 Shipping Corp of India Ltd v Gamlen Chemical Co S v Recorder of Manchester, 29 Australasia Pty Ltd, 219 Sablebrook Pty Ltd v Credit Union Australia Ltd, 148 Simring v Marinchek, 719 St Asaph — see Dean of St Asaph Singer v Berghouse, 165 St Mary the Virgin, Oxford, Re, 521–522 Singh v Singh, 297 Salomon v Salomon & Co Pty Ltd, 531, 543–545 Siow Doreen v Lo Pui Sang, 290 Saltman Engineering Co Ltd v Campbell Engineering Co, Skelton v Collins, 34 249–250 Skipp v Harwood (1747), 99 Samuel v Jarrah Timber and Wood Paving Corp Ltd, 240 Skirving (1794), 449 Sammut v Manzi, 380 Smith (1680), 481 Sargent v ASL Development Ltd, 829 Smith (1683), 476, 481 Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd v Maritime Life Smith (1716), 474, 481 Assurance Co, 836 Smith (1797), 452 “The Satanic Verses” case. — see R v Chief Metropolitan Smith, In Marriage of [No 2], 696, 698 Stipendiary Magistrate; Ex parte Choudhury Smith v Dale (1881), 99 Saulnier v Royal Bank of Canada, 660–663 Smith v Leurs, 335, 337 Saulnier (Receiver of) v Saulnier, 661 Smith v Scott, 10 Sauvé v Canada (Chief Electoral Officer), 42 Smith v Smith, 695 Sayseng v Kellogg Superannuation Pty Ltd, 165–166, 168, Smith v Tebbitt (1867), 611 172, 174, 176–177 Smith Kline & French Laboratories (Aust) Ltd v Schenker & Co (Aust) Pty Ltd v Maplas Equipment & Secretary, Department of Community Services & Services Pty Ltd, 169 Health, 242–243, 246 Schmidt v Rosewood Trust, 638 Snee v Prescott (1743), 108–109 Schoole v Noble (1788), 98 Snook v London & West Riding Investments Ltd, 10 The Schooner “Exchange” v McFaddon (1812), 753 Software Toolworks, Inc, In re, 592 Scott v Avery, 301 Sonatrach Petroleum Corp (BVI) v Ferrell International Scott v Davis, 553, 555, 558–559 Ltd, 318 Scott v Williams, 533 Sood v Christianos, 149–150 Sea Containers Ltd v ICT Pty Ltd, 306 South Australia v Barrett, 638 Seafarers’ Retirement Fund Pty Ltd v Oppenhuis, 177–178 South Australia v O’Shea, 174 Seager v Copydex Ltd [No 2], 249 South-Eastern Drainage Board (SA) v Savings Bank of SEC v Berger, 374 South Australia, 655–656 SEC v Fehn, 591 South Port Marine LLC v Gulf Oil Ltd Partnership, 25 Secretary, Department of Human Services v Nancarrow, Southern Cross Mine Management v Ensham, 684 735 Spassked Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation, 758 Seeley International Pty Ltd v Electra Air Conditioning Spear v Rowlett, 795 BV, 316–317 Special Purposes of Income Tax, Commissioners for v Sent v Jet Corp of Australia Pty Ltd, 417–419, 422 Pemsel, 38 Seven Bishops (1688), 477, 481 Spencer v Commonwealth (1907), 148, 580 Seven Network Ltd v News Ltd, 312 Spina v Conran Associates Pty Ltd, 187 Sexton v Kessler,121 Spina v Permanent Custodians Ltd, 187 Sharpe (1848), 464, 475, 484 Spinks, Estate of; Application of Mortensen, 745 Sharples v Arnison, 328 Sport Developments Pty Ltd v Del Fabbro, 514–515 Shaw v Foster, 115–116 Spratt v Hermes, 769 Shebbeare (1758), 474, 482 Standard Chartered Bank of Australia Ltd v Antico, 415 Shelfer v City of London Electric Lighting Co (1895), Stapleton v The Queen, 602 598 State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co v Campbell, Shell (1848), 475, 483, 484 23, 25–26
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xxv
State Trustees Ltd v Hayden, 735–736 Taxation, Deputy Commissioner of v Dick, 533, 541 Staveley Iron & Chemical Co Ltd v Jones, 555 Taxation (Cth), Commissioner of v EA Marr and Sons Sterling v Sterling, 702 (Sales Ltd, 758 Stewart v Normandy NFM Ltd, 638 Taxation (Cth), Commissioner of v Sara Lee Household & Stockdale (1789), 475, 482 Body Care (Aust) Pty Ltd, 527 Stone & Rolls Ltd v Moore Stephens, 85 TC Newman (Qld) Pty Ltd v DHA Rural (Qld) Pty Ltd, Stoneridge Investment Partners, LLC v Scientific-Atlanta, 538 Inc, 593–594 TCN Channel 9 Pty Ltd v Hayden, 169 Stovin v Wise, 334–335, 337–338, 341 Tellans Inc v Makor Issues & Rights Ltd, 376 Straits Exploration (Australia) Pty Ltd v Murchison Telstra Corp Ltd v Desktop Marketing Systems Pty Ltd, United NL, 313 840–842 Strata Corp No 117066 v Nine Eleven Tasmania Pty Ltd, TermoRio v Electranta, 314 366–367 Terrapin Ltd v Builders’ Supply Co (Hayes) Ltd, 250 Strickland v Grieve, 151 Thackwray & Young’s Contract, Re (1888), 114–115 Strinic v Singh, 234 Thelwall (1794), 449 Strode (1629), 459, 475, 483, 484 Theophanous v Herald & Weekly Times Ltd, 200 Stroud (1629), 450 Thomas v The Queen, 71 Stucley, In re (1906), 100, 116, 118 Thompson v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis, Stylis v United Medical Protection Ltd, 595 561 Su v Direct Flights International Pty Ltd, 409 Thompson v Palmer, 104–106, 120 Suco Gold Pty Ltd, Re, 231 Thorner v Major, 596–597 Sullivan (1868) — see R v Sullivan Through Transport Mutual Insurance Association Sullivan v Moody, 338 (Eurasia) Ltd v New India Assurance Co Ltd, 389 Sultana Investments Pty Ltd v Cellcom Pty Ltd, 581–582 Tillman v Attorney-General (NSW), 286 Sunburst Properties Pty Ltd v Agwater Pty Ltd, 531–532 Tinios v French Caledonia Travel, 634–635, 637 Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman, 331–333, 337– Titan Group Pty Ltd v Steriline Manufacturing Pty Ltd, 338,340–345 248, 250 Sutton v AJ Thompson Pty Ltd, 409 Tobin v Ezekiel, 157–158 Swain v Waverley Municipal Council, 306 Tonkin v Western Mining Corp Ltd, 165–166, 177 Sweeney v Boylan Nominees Ltd, 553–554 Tooke (1794), 449 Sweeney v Howard, 187 Tooke, Horne — see Horne Swift v Dairywise Farms Ltd, 182 Toomes v Conset (1745), 237 Sydney South West Area Health Service v Stamoulis, Torrance v Bolton (1872), 110, 114 803–804 Tracey, Re; Ex parte Ryan, 41 Symbion Medical Centre Operations Pty Ltd v Lawton Pty Trade Practices Commission v Cue Design Pty Ltd, 690, Ltd, 77–78 692–693 Symonds (1793), 451, 475, 482 Trade Practices Commission v Vales Wine Co Pty Ltd, Symons v Bateman, 267–268 415 Transfield Philippines Inc v Pacific Hydro Ltd, 312 Transport & General Credit Corp Ltd v Morgan, 109 Transport Tyre Sales Pty Ltd v Montana Tyres Rims & T Tubes Pty Ltd, 385 Treacey v Edwards, 730–731 Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd, 296, Trendtex Trading Corp v Central Bank of Nigeria, 755 365–366, 550 Trethewey, Re, 731 Tagget v Sexton, 698 Trim Perfect Australia v Albrook Construction, 231 Tai-Ao Aluminium (Australia) Pty Ltd, Re, 638 TRM Copy Centres (UK) Ltd v Lanwall Services Ltd, 29 Tailby v Official Receiver (1888), 118 Troja v Troja, 737 Tame v New South Wales, 332 Trust Co of Australia Ltd v Valuer-General, 15–16 Tamplin v James [1880], 513 TS & B Retail Systems Pty Ltd v 3 Fold Resources Pty Tanwar Enterprises Pty Ltd v Cauchi, 114 Ltd [No 3], 245 Tasmanian Dam Case — see Commonwealth v Tasmania TSL v Secretary to the Department of Justice, 286
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. xxvi The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Turner v Grovit, 389 Viro v The Queen, 34 Turner v Marriott (1867), 100, 110 Vokalek v Commonwealth, 156 Tutchin (1704), 454, 476, 481 Vuletic, In the Marriage of, 379 Twine v Bean’s Express Ltd, 555
W U W & R Pty Ltd v Birdseye, 152–153 Wade v Harding, 740 Unilan Holdings Pty Ltd v Kerin, 699 Wakefield (1799), 452, 455, 475, 482 United Dominions Corp Ltd v Brian Pty Ltd, 521 Wakim, Re; Ex parte McNally, 490, 696 United Group Rail Services Ltd v Rail Corp (NSW), 304 Walford v Miles, 299 United Rural Enterprises Pty Ltd v Lopmand Pty Ltd, 623, Walker v Wimborne, 376 627, 633–634, 636–638 Walker, Commissioner for Fair Trading v Rugs a Million United States Shipping Board v The Ship St Albans, 235 Pty Ltd, 690–692 United States Surgical Corp v Hospital Products Walker Corp Pty Ltd v Sydney Harbour Foreshore International Pty Ltd, 250 Authority, 286, 802–803 Wallhallow Aboriginal Corp Inc v Walhallow Local Unity APA Ltd v Humes Ltd [No 2], 637 Aboriginal Land Council, 302 University of London Press v University Tutorial Press, Walter Rau Neusser Aul und Felt AG v Cross pacific 846 Trading Ltd, 310 Upper Hunter County District Council v Australian Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher, 234 Chilling & Freezing Co Ltd, 169 Warby, In Marriage of, 696–698, 700 Urban Traders Pty Ltd v Proceris Pty Ltd, 300–301 Waring v Waring, 611 Uren v John Fairfax & Sons Pty Ltd, 548–551 Warren v Gittoes, 235
Waterford v Commonwealth, 194–195 Waterside Workers Federation of Australia v JW V Alexander Ltd, 768 Watson v Croft Promo-Sport Ltd, 598–599 Vairy v Wyong Shire Council, 332, 344 Watts v Crooke, 744 Valceski v Valceski, 695, 700 WE Wagener Ltd v Photo Engravers Ltd, 796 Vamplue (1822), 456, 483 Weiss v The Queen, 88 Van Wyck v Sparks, 700 Weissfisch v Julius, 315 Varmedja v Varmedja, 551 Wellcome Trust Ltd v Commissioners of Customs and Vaucluse Hospital Pty Ltd v Phillips, 268 Excise, 758 Vella v Permanent Mortgages Pty Ltd, 658 Wells Fargo Bank Northwest National Association v Victoria v Australian Building Construction Employees’ Victoria Aircraft Leasing Ltd, 755–756 & Builders Labourers’ Federation, 178 Welsh v Hole (1779), 98 Victoria v Commonwealth and Connor (1975), 328–329 West v Skip (1749), 99 Victoria v Nine Network, 246, 802 West v Weston, 745 Victoria Aircraft Leasing Ltd v United States, 756–757, West Tankers Inc v RAS Riunione Adriatica di Sicurta 763 SpA (“The Front Comor”), 314–315, 389 Victoria Park Racing & Recreation Grounds Co Ltd v Westbay Seafoods (Aust) Pty Ltd v Transpacific Taylor, 842 Standardbred Agency Pty Ltd, 414 Victorian Stevedoring & General Contracting Co Pty Ltd Westfield Holdings Ltd v Australia Capital Television Pty v Dignan, 769–770 Ltd, 240 Vidovic v Email Superannuation Pty Ltd, 159, 165–166, Westpac Banking Corp v Clark, 659 174 WesTrac Pty Ltd v Eastcoast OTR Tyres Pty Ltd, 307 Vincent (1839), 461–463, 468, 475, 484 Wheat Case — see New South Wales v Commonwealth Vinciguerra v MG Corrosion Consultants Pty Ltd, 623, (1915) 627–630, 633 Wheatley v Bell, 243 Vint, Ross and Parry, 477 Wheeler Grace & Pierucci Pty Ltd v Wright, 409–410
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xxvii
Whitbread & Co Ltd v Watt, 110, 120 Wright v Ernst & Young LLP, 593 White v Director of Military Prosecutions, 41 Wright v Gibbons, 437 White v Pearce (1849), 100 Wright v Netherwood, 617–618 Whitehouse & Whitehouse, 701 Wroth v Tyler, 513 Whitehouse v Carlton Hotel Pty Ltd, 526, 532, 537 Wrout v Dawes (1858), 100 Whitfeld v De Lauret & Co Ltd, 549–550 Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 769 Whitley, Re; Lloyds Bank Ltd v Whitley, 265 Wyong Shire Council v Shirt, 344 Whittaker, Ex parte; Re Shackleton (1875), 109 Wythes v Lee, 111 Whyte (1793), 451, 482 Wight v Eckhard Marine GmbH, 238 X Wilde v Anstee, 151 Wilkes (1763), 476, 482 XL Petroleum (NSW) Pty Ltd v Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Wilkes v Wood (1763), 550, 563–564 Ltd, 548–549, 557–558, 560 Wilkinson, Ex parte (1755), 108 Y Wilkinson v Clerical Administrative & Related Employees Superannuation Pty Ltd, 163–164, 178–179 Yabaki v President of the Republic of Fiji, 322–324, 328 Williams (1822), 456, 475, 483 Yazgi (Sabah) v Permanent Custodians Ltd, 658 Williams v Home Office, 398–399 Yearworth v North Bristol NHS Trust, 596 Wilson v Church (1879), 114 Yedway Pty Ltd v Owners Corp of Strata Plan 62871, 154 Wilton v Commonwealth Trading Bank of Australia, 184 Yeo Loo Keng v Tan Yew Lee Kevin, 291 Windslow Corp Pty Ltd v Olympic Holdings Pty Ltd, 12 Yorke (1795), 452, 459, 461, 475, 484 Winter v Lord Anson, 99, 125–126 Yorke v Lucas, 408–414, 416–417, 420 Winterbotham (1793), 451, 476, 484 Yoseph v Mammo, 302 Winthrop Investments Ltd v Winns Ltd, 526, 530–531, Young v Cassels, 416 537–538 Young v Registrar, Court of Appeal [No 3], 397 Wintle v Nye, 609 Young v White (1844), 100 Wiseman v Vandeput (1690), 107–108 Withers v Director of Public Prosecutions, 472 Z Wolfe v Shelley (Shelley’s Case) (1579–1581), 618–620 Woodfall (1770), 482 Z v Dental Complaints Assessment Committee, 233–234 Work Choices Case — see New South Wales v Zenere v Leate, 795 Commonwealth Zhang v Shanghai Wood & Jute Textile Co Ltd, 315 WorldCom Inc Litigation, Re, 375 Ziemba v Cascade Int’l Inc, 593 Wossidlo v Catt, 104, 106 Zorom Enterprises Pty Ltd v Zabow, 167 WPS Enterprises Pty Ltd v Radford, 297–298
* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR. xxviii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 853
** INDEX
A Arbitration – see International Commercial Arbitration Aboriginals settler–indigenous interactions (NSW 1788–1824), 56– Associations – see Clubs and Associations 62* Audit Court of Criminal Jurisdiction, 56–57 report as conclusive evidence, 595–596 inadmissibility of Aboriginal evidence, 59–60 plurality of law, 60–62 Australian Law Journal R v Powell (1799), 57–59 editorial arrangements, 790 guest editors, 359 Accessorial Liability – see Trade Practices history (1959), 7 Administrative Law WA correspondent, 22 book reviews, 774–775 Aviation – see Aircraft delegation of authority, 667 judicial review Azaleas book review, 566–567 in law reports, 653–654 Queensland tribunal, 575 B Administrators – see Executors and Administrators Bail Admiralty Law juveniles, 575–576 book review, 777 Bailment Advocacy injury to stored sperm, 596 cross-examinations photocopiers in shops for customer use, 29 documents – see Documentary Evidence rhetoric (book review & speech), 491–497 Bankruptcy co-owners & occupation fees, 597–598 Affidavits indemnity insurance, 82–83 swearing of trustees’ fiduciary obligations, 263–268* affirmations compared, 215, 434–435 Bill of Rights – see also Human Rights – see Affirmations Affidavits damages for breach (NZ), 524 Aircraft debate on, 432–433 book review, 567–568 Book Reviews/New Books definition of “aircraft”, 667–668 Aronson, Dyer & Groves, Judicial Review of Administrative Action (4th ed), 566–567 Anti-Discrimination – see Discrimination Legislation Buck, A R, The Making of Australian Property Law, 128 Appeal and New Trial – see also Appellate Courts Cremean, Damien J, Admiralty Jurisdiction: Law and magistrates’ decisions and, 652–653 Practice in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore mistakes of law and fact, 383 and Hong Kong (3rd ed), 777 naming judge below, 575 Douglas, Roger, Douglas and Jones’s Administrative remitter to lower court for rehearing, 802–803 Law (6th ed), 774–775 Fishel, D (ed), The Book of the Board (Effective Appellate Courts – see also High Court governance for non-profit organisations) (2nd decisions in intermediate appellate courts, 285–286 ed), 347
** This Index is to ALJ only. There is a separate Index to cases reported in the ALJR. * Indicates a more important reference. 854 The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Book Reviews/New Books – continued Children – see also Family Law; Juveniles Freckelton, Ian and Hugh Selby, Appealing to the cases concerning Future: Michael Kirby and his Legacy, 486– requirement of disclosure, 377–378, 590 487 custody Sir Anthony Mason’s speech at launch, 487–491 family law, 718 Gerber, Paula, From Convention to Classroom: the long international protection, 589–590 road to human rights education: measuring parens patriae jurisdiction states’ compliance with international law powers of court, 82 obligations mandating human rights education, 849–851 Civil Rights Gleeson, Justin and Ruth Higgins (eds), Rediscovering freedom of conscience and, 147 Rhetoric: Law, Language and the Practice of public interest bodies and, 141, 147 Persuasion, 491–496 Class Actions Hon J J Spigelman’ speech at launch, 496–497 opt out procedure, 296–297 Hammond, Grant, Judicial Recusal, Principles, Process United States and Problems, 776 extra-territorial application of securities class actions, Heilbronn, Gary, Aviation Regulation and Licensing – 373–376 The Laws of Australia, 567–568 arguments for US deciding foreign-cubed cases, Hodgson, Douglas, The Law of Intervening Causation, 374–375 497 jurisdictional conflict, 375–376 Hondius, E, Precedent and the Law, 775–776 NAB case, 373–374 Kneebone, Susan (ed), Refugees, Asylum Seekers and the Rule of the Law: comparative Clergy – see Religion perspectives, 849–851 Client Legal Privilege (Legal Professional Privilege) Lester, Lord, Lord Pannick & Javan Herberg (eds), in-house counsel Human Rights Law & Practice (3rd ed), 849– independence, 193–198* 851 European courts, 193–196 Lindsey, Tim (ed), Indonesia, Law and Society, 774 fundamental misconception, 196–197 Macken’s Law of Employment (6th ed), Sappideen, subpoenas, 81–82 O’Grady & Warburton, 566 Pogge, Thomas (ed), Freedom from Poverty as a Human Clubs and Associations – see also Non-Profit Right – Who owes what to the very poor? Organisations 269–271 unincorporated Spigelman, James whether charitable, when dissolved, 154 Speeches of a Chief Justice, 128–129 Commercial Arbitration – see International Lord Bingham’s speech at launch, 129–131 Commercial Arbitration Statutory Interpretation & Human Rights, 346–347 Commercial Law – see also Companies and Breach of the Peace Corporations violence and, 802 case management, 715 Building Contracts Committal Proceedings adjudication process and natural justice, 665–666 abolition, 283–284 Companies and Corporations C chairman’s decision to exclude votes Case Management – see Practice and Procedure judicial review, 294–295 class actions – see Class Actions Causation directors – see Directors intervening (book review), 497 duty of stock exchange (NZ), 233 Charities joint ventures – see Joint Ventures use of funds, 216 legislation history, 7
* Indicates the more important references. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 855
Companies and Corporations – continued Confidential Information – continued liquidators – see Liquidators trade secrets – continued members’ right to inspect company books, 621–640* public domain – continued abolition of special interest requirement, 631–633 equitable nature of breach of confidence claim, general law right & deference to internal 244–246 management, 624–626 intellectual property rights, 247 good faith & proper purpose, 626–631 Krueger Transport Equipment v Glen Cameron “composite test”, 627 Storage, 239 discretion, 630–631 Maggbury v Hafele Australia, 247–249 matters of proof, 629–630 Polwood v Foxworth, 253–254 objective test, 628–629 occasions where good faith may be emphasised, springboarding and reverse engineering, 249–251 627–628 trade secrets concerning products in public domain, primary & secondary purposes, 628 254 purpose within corporate group, 629 utility of breach of confidence claim to protect orders limiting use of information, 637–638 trade secrets, 246–247 proper inspection purposes exemplified, 634–635 Conflict of Laws scope of inspection order, 633–634 restraint of fraudulent alienation of foreign immovables, interpretation of post-1989 legislative text, 635– 297 637 interpretation of pre-1989 legislative text, 635 Constitutional Law statutory remedy, 622–624 Australian Military Court, 804 access through company resolution, 623 Fiji – see Fiji applications in conjunction with derivative action, history in Australia, 7, 810–816* 623 Andrew Inglis Clark, 199–207* “books of the company”, 622 Eureka Stockade & the cultural impact of gold, 811– Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), ss 247A to 247D, 812 639–640 Inter-State Commission, 765–773* disclosure & use of information 622 constitutional provisions, 765–766 history of remedy, 623–624 functions, 771–772 litigation contexts, 624 Wheat Case, 766–768 trustees & directors, 638–639 analysis of decision, 768–771 pre-emption last set of audited accounts (UK), 441 Contempt of Court rights after amalgamation, 380 false statements to court before settlement, 155 shareholders – see Shareholders kangaroo T-shirts (Singapore), 73 shares – see Shares Contract – see also Contract for Sale of Land Computers accord & satisfaction, 523 incrimination by, 656 extrinsic evidence, when considered, 81 Conferences formation Judicial Academic Conference on the Role of the implied offer and acceptance, 441–442 Supreme Court (London, 2009), 647 liability of valuers (UK), 443–444 Qatar Law Forum (2009), 143–144, 507–508* quasi specific performance, 666–667 reimbursement conversion not binding, 294 Confidential Information repudiation, 383 inadvertent disclosure, 802 sham deeds, 10 trade secrets waiver, 817–839* public domain, 242–254* abandonment or renunciation, 833–834 breach of confidence cause of action, 242–244 ARF v Gardiner EPI Environmental Technologies v Symphony facts, 817–818 Plastic, 251–253 plea of waiver, 823
* Indicates the more important references. 856 The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Contract – continued Copyright waiver – continued factual compilations, 840–848* ARF v Gardiner – continued Copyright Act provisions, 840 result: no waiver of requirement for punctuality, Nine Network v IceTV, 842–848 834–835 High Court decision, 846–848 treatment of waiver defence at first instance & in Telstra v Desktop Marketing, 840–842 Court of Appeal, 824–827 treatment of waiver defence in High Court, 827– Corporations Law – see Companies and Corporations 829 Costs concept of waiver of contractual rights, 837–839 against lawyers doctrine not separate in Australian contract law, 835 solicitor’s retainer questioned, 158 election, 829–832 case management, 157–158 Ewart’s thesis, 819–823 public officer’s decision challenged, 158 forbearance, 832–833 residual category or general principle not in Counsel – see also Advocacy; Client Legal Privilege; Australian contract law, 836–837 Senior Counsel waiver or legal rights in ordinary parlance, 818– in-house – see Client Legal Privilege 819 time limits in courts, 509–510 Coups d’État Contract for Sale of Land – see also Conveyancing Fiji – see Fiji best endeavours, 156–157 claims (NSW), 719–720 Courts – see also Appellate Courts; Litigation; conditional, 155 Tribunals date “specified”, 720–721 Australian Military Court, 804 estate agents – see Estate Agents buildings recovery of deposit, 524 new precincts, 434 repudiation by insistence on right inspect premises, Sydney, 787 514–515 decentralisation (Qld), 75 rescission – see Rescission etiquette specific performance Bar table, 788–789 resisting on basis of hardship, 513–514 forms split deposits harmonisation, 359–361 recovery of instalments, 512–513 funding time to complete cost cutting, 789–790 early notice, 151 performance indicators, 142–143 late notice, 151–152 rules harmonisation, 359–361 Contributory Negligence time limits for counsel, 509–510 standard of care and, 600 Victoria – see Victoria Covenants – see Contract for Sale of Land; Landlord Conveyancing – see also Contract for Sale of Land and Tenant co-ownership ouster, 721 Criminal Law and Procedure – see also Sedition; rights after appointment of trustee for sale, 523–524 Sentencing; Sexual Assault; Treason exceptions, 150–151 Aboriginal people – see Aboriginals legislation bail – see Bail history, 7 committal proceedings – see Committal Proceedings reservations, 150–151 convicted prisoner, meaning of, 28–29 transactions, 152–153 conviction annulled, 443 undertakings, 719 conviction of secondary offender, 235–236 defences honest & reasonable mistake, 88–89 * Indicates the more important references. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 857
Criminal Law and Procedure – coontinued Directors – see also Companies and Corporations regulations catching innocent individuals, 362 convening & cancelling corporate meetings, 664–665 retiring judge’s comments, 716 de facto, 155–156 seriousness of crimes, 716 ratification of breaches – see Shareholders settler-indigenous violence – see Aboriginals statistics, 509 Disciplinary Proceedings – see Professional trials Disciplinary Proceedings length of, 433–434 Disclosure – see Children Cross-Border Insolvency Discovery court communications, 90–96* electronic, 284 American Law Institute guidelines, 91–96 British Columbia cases, 93–96 Discrimination Legislation principles, 92 freedom of association and, 652 rationale, 92 State law and Commonwealth, 84–85 history, 90–91 Documentary Evidence UNCITRAL Model Law, 44–55* rule in the Queen’s Case, 669–688* adoption, 46 history of the Queen’s Case, 669–675 broader context, 52–54 Queen Caroline’s trial, 675–680 centre of main interest (COMI), 47–48 rule in force, 680–688 corporate groups, 46 ALRC view, 685 direct communications between courts, 50–52 Evidence Act 1995, 685–686 judicial arrangements for assistance, 49–50 judicial consideration of Evidence Act 1995, need for co-operation, 45–46 s 44(3), 686–687 statutory arrangements for co-operation, 48–49 partial statutory abrogation, 682–683 transaction costs, 44–45 R v Jack, 683 United States R v Orton, 683–685 recognition of Australian liquidation, 217–219 reaction, 682 Cross-Examinations – see Advocacy review of Evidence Act, 687–688 survival of rule, 688
D Domestic Violence national report on, 716 Damages exemplary – see Exemplary Damages Driving – see Vehicles and Traffic non-payment of money, 83 punitive E Exxon Valdez (US), 23–26 Easements necessity De Facto Relationships strata buildings, 724–725 court jurisdiction to make consent orders where obstructions to right of way & the right to maintain & relationship denied, 588–589 improve easements, 792–796 identification of relationship, 588–589 possession public habitually walking through golf course, 668 Death Duties right of carriageway legislation asphalt vs trafficable turf, 222–223 history, 7 Education – see Legal Education Deeds Elder Law sham, 10 introduction of subject, 140 quasi-trusts, 181–192* Deposits – see Contract for Sale of Land seniors cards, mutual recognition of, 141
* Indicates the more important references. 858 The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Electronic Documents Executors and Administrators discovery & litigation, 284 family law, 379 uniform succession laws, 748–749 Employment Law model legislation, 748 book review, 566 England – see United Kingdom Exemplary Damages vicarious liability for, 548–565* Equitable Liens, 97–127* case law, 561–565 Barclay’s Bank v Estates & Commercial Ltd, 125–127 Court of Appeal decision in Ibbett, 561–562 concept, 97 exemplary damages against the state, 563–565 court orders, 120–121 High Court decision in Ibbett, 562–563 differentiation, 98 doctrine of vicarious liability, 553–561 historical & policy aspects basic nature, 553–554 justification, 97–98 relevant characteristics, 554–561 purchaser’s lien, 110–120, 124–125 rationales of exemplary damages, 549–553 basis of, 111–113 deterrence, 550–551, 552–553 rationale for, 124–125 punishment, 550, 552–553 specific performance, 113–120 role of rationales, 551–553 single rational for, 121–122 vindication & denunciation, 551, 553 variety, 98–99 vendor’s lien, 99–110, 122–124 Expert Evidence circumstances where no lien arises, 105–107 admissibility goods, 107–110 pornography, 156 judicial statements of basis for, 101–105 competing experts, 803–804 rationale for, 122–124 types of property, 99–100 F what is secured, 100 Equity Fact Finding, 255–262* – see also Evidence quasi-trusts, 181–192* reasons for decisions, 260–262 redemption – see Redemption testimony, credit and truthfulness, 256–259 restitution – see Restitution unconscious bias, 259–260
Estate Agents Family Court of Australia Qld cases, 581–582 accrued jurisdiction, 694–703* claim not colourable, 699 Estoppel criteria for existence, 696 equitable discretionary jurisdiction, 696–698 statutory tenancy, 803 impression & practical judgment, 698–699 issue – see Issue Estoppel initial doubts about width of jurisdiction, 695–696 proprietary irrelevance of contrived jurisdiction, 699–700 constructive trusts and, 596–597 recent authority, 700–702 developer prejudiced by owner reneging, 29–30 third party interests, 700 Evidence – see also Advocacy; Affidavits instruments, 17–18 documents – see Documentary Evidence orders expert – see Expert Evidence binding on third parties, 18–19 honest & reasonable mistake, 88–89 summary dismissal, 17 inference, 86 videolinks, 73 photographs, 234 Family Law – see also Children; De Facto statements & privilege, 597 Relationships testimony, credit and truthfulness, 256–259 deceased’s legal personal representative, 378–379 truth and – see Fact Finding injury to stored sperm, 596
* Indicates the more important references. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 859
Family Provision H history of testator’s family maintenance backdating NSW Act, 614–616 Habeas Corpus discretionary form, 612–614 prison conditions and, 395–406* uniform laws, 738–740 bases to challenge prison conditions, 397–398 eligibility, 738–739 intolerable conditions, 398 model legislation, 738 residual liberty, 398 property, 739–740 elements of writ, 396–397 human rights legislation, 404–405 Federal Court of Australia jurisprudence, 398–402 realignment (2009), 215–216 Australian cases, 400–402 Federal Magistrates Canadian cases, 400 realignment (2009), 215–216 UK cases, 398–399 US cases, 399–400 Federalism otherwise lawful imprisonment, 405–406 history, 8 Potier proceedings, 402–404 Fiduciary Duty High Court bankruptcy – see Bankruptcy judges Fiji appointment Constitution new judges, 71 coup cases (2009), 319–330* history, 7 codification of reserve powers, 327–328 knighthoods, 7 coup of 2006, 324–325 retirement, 71 Court of Appeal judgment, 325–327 Hire Purchase dismissal of Prime Minister and doctrine of tort liability for damage to goods. 7 necessity, 322–324 new coup and abrogation of Constitution, 327 Holidays, 72 earlier coups and doctrine of necessity, 319–322 House of Lords indestructibility of Constitution, 330 replaced as final court of appeal by Supreme Court, pragmatism and consequences of constitutional 647–649 breaches, 328–330 Human Rights – see also Bill of Rights; Poverty Finance book review, 849–851 fraud education liability (US), 591–594 book review, 849–851 statutory interpretation and (book review), 346–347 Fines – see Penalties Fraud and Misrepresentation I identity – see Identity Fraud quasi-trusts, 181–192* Identity Fraud relying on one’s own fraud, 85 NSW legislation, 577 securities statistics, 576–577 liability (US), 591–594 Immigration Law Freedom from Poverty – see Poverty Australian Constitution White Australia policy, 814–816 Freedom of Association United States anti-discrimination and, 652 security procedures, 143
Freedom of Religion – see Religion Imprisonment habeas corpus and – see Habeas Corpus
* Indicates the more important references. 860 The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Indemnity Insurance – see Insurance Internet judgments, 7–8 see Indigenous Peoples – Aboriginals service by Facebook, 72–73 Indonesia Intestacy – see Succession law and society (book review), 774 Issue Estoppel Insolvency – see also Bankruptcy scope of doctrine, 726 cross-border – see Cross-Border Insolvency liquidators – see Liquidators J Insurance Joint Tenants amounts owed to bank covered by trade credit insurance right of survivorship policy, 295–296 companies, 437–438 indemnity Joint Ventures bankruptcy of insured, 82–83 fiduciary obligations, 521 Intellectual Property – see also Copyright; Trade Journalists – see Media Marks Journals – see Law Journals/Reviews law simplification & clarification, 806–809* Judges International Commercial Arbitration appeals from drafting effective clauses, 305–318* naming judge below, 575 appointment of arbitral panel members, 311 appointment benefits of arbitration, 305–307 advertising, 8–9 combined or staged dispute resolution processes election, 717–718 ending in arbitration, 316–317 England, 8–9 confidentiality and privacy, 312–313 bias consolidation of arbitrations, 317 unconscious bias, 259–260 function of clause, 309 communication, 9 language of arbitration, 311–312 conference attendance– see Conferences law applicable to merits of dispute, 311 decisions – see Judgments and Orders matters addressed or incorporated in clause, 309–310 education number of arbitrators, 311 communication, 9 place (seat) of arbitration, 314–316 evidence and judicial knowledge, 234 procedural rules, 307–308 High Court – see High Court qualifications of arbitrators, 313 impartiality scope of clause, 310–311 pre-trial preparation, 787 service on parties, 314 “out of touch” myth, 434 sovereign state party to contract, 313 recusation book review, 776 International Commercial Litigation judge’s spouse a partner in law firm acting for party, arbitration – see International Commercial 381 Arbitration remuneration (NSW), 7retired Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements, academic work, 509 386–394* retirement commercial imperative, 387–390 age, 436 provisions, 390–392 sleeping, 88, 228–230 Judgments and Orders International Law – see also Conflict of Laws editing & proof reading, 7–8 child protection, 589–590 language (US), 74 insolvency – see Cross-Border Insolvency reasons for – see Reasons for Judgment taxation of investments of foreign sovereigns – see setting aside verdict of acquittal (UK), 444–445 Taxation structure, 75–76, 141–142, 363–364
* Indicates the more important references. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 861
Judicial Review Leases – see also Landlord and Tenant book review, 566–567 assignment unreasonably withholding consent, 796–797 Jury enforcement of guarantees by purchasers from landlord, convictions by 220 review of, 508–509 minor, grant to, 801–802 directions to, 71–72 option to renew – see Option to Renew Lease distraction by judge’s conduct, 228–230 rent review – see Landlord and Tenant retiring judge’s comments, 716 security beyond duration of assignee’s interest, 440 survey of jurors, 71–72 successive, for five-year terms, 78–79 Justices of the Peace termination methods, 77 functions, 510–511 trading from premises, 77–78 Juveniles Legal Aid bail, 575–576 annual report (NSW) (2007/08), 142
L Legal Education – see also Judges; Legal History Land – see also Real Property rating of law journals, 139–140 unencumbered fee simple, 15–16 retired judges as academics, 509 traditionality, 447–448* Landlord and Tenant – see also Leases university law schools covenants practice of law and, 577–578 damages for breach, altering premises without landlord’s consent, 296, 365–366 Legal History – see also Personalia/People in the Law estoppel from enforcing breach, 367 legal education, 31–43* parting with possession, 724 arguments against teaching, 37–39 reinstatement required by landlord, 366–367 arguments for teaching, 39–42 rent review Australian law school curricula, 32–35 “market rental” vs “market rental value”, 220 Australian law schools in 2008, 35–37 right of inspection and environmental audit, 367–368 future restoration of courses, 42–43
Language – see also Statutory Interpretation; Words Legal Journals – see Law Journals/Reviews and Phrases brevity and clarity, 704–707* Legal Personal Representatives – see Executors and Pythagoras, 704–705 Administrators discussion of quote, 705–706 meaning of quote, 705 Legal Practitioners – see also Counsel; relevance to modern legal practitioners, 706–707 Personalia/People in the Law; Solicitors conflicts of duties, 87 Law Journals/Reviews death of oldest (2008), 10 citation ranking, 363 fees, 139 rating by law schools, 139–140, 363, 787 history, 7 national legal profession, 715–716 Law Reports regulation of the legal profession azaleas in, 653–654 cost, 9–10 Commonwealth Law Reports, 431 national regulatory body, 431–432
Law Reviews – see Law Journals/Reviews Legal Professional Privilege – see Client Legal Privilege Law Schools – see Legal Education Legal Representation – see Self-Represented Litigants Lawyers – see Legal Practitioners
* Indicates the more important references. 862 The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Legislative Powers Mines and Mining universality, 653 copper and gold, 725 Letters to the Editor, 75–76, 147, 363–364 Mortgages adverse possession and mortgagors (UK), 222 – see also Liability Negligence all moneys clauses, 11–14 vicarious – see Exemplary Damages fraud Liens, Equitable – see Equitable Liens forgery by mortgagor’s son, 81 indefeasibility Liquidators mortgagee’s diminishing expectations, 658–659 litigation benefitting lawyers & funders, 446 British Columbia, 658 Litigation – see also Practice and Procedure economic implications, 659 adversarial system (Vic), 286–287 New South Wales, 658 case management New Zealand, 659 costs of litigation, 157–158 mortgagee’s duties large and long civil litigation, 717 on sale, 579–581 electronic, 284 penalties & relief against forfeiture, 83–84 privilege & statements of evidence, 597 sales by mortgagee purpose of, 601–608* breach of duty, 148–149 vexatious litigants – see Vexatious Litigants market value, 148–149 purchaser’s caveatable interest, 149 Local Government second, unregistered mortgagee, 149–150 churches’ exemption from rating, 27 Motor Vehicles – see Vehicles and Traffic
M N Magistrates appeal courts and, 652–653 Names changing, reasons for, 576–577 Malaysia penalties, 649–651, 787–788 Natural Justice – see Procedural Fairness right of prisoner to require that sentence be carried out, Negligence 649–651 contributory – see Contributory Negligence Media duty of care history, 7 careless processing by public authorities, 380 secrecy of journalists’ sources, 359 standard of care, 599–600 sentencing issues, 283 evidence & inference, 86 public law, 331–345* Mediation control mechanisms, 331–333 enforceability of agreements to mediate, 299–304* control, 332–333 Hooper Bailie decision, 299 statutory intention, 333 misunderstanding of, 300 Gibbs CJ in Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman, questions unanswered by, 300–304 340–344 Mental Health misfeasance and non-feasance (omissions and probate and lunatics, 610–612 positive acts), 336–337 public authorities, 337–340 Military Coups d’État East Suffolk Rivers Catchment Board v Kent, 338– Fiji – see Fiji 340 Military Law Pyrenees Shire Council v Day, 334–336 Australian Military Court, 804 no general duty to prevent harm, 335–336 solicitors – see Solicitors
* Indicates the more important references. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 863
New South Wales Personalia/People in the Law – see also Counsel; Legal Bar Council Practitioners; Obituaries elections, 7, 20 Bell, Virginia (Justice), 71 history, 7 Bergin, P A (Justice), 292–293 Judicial Commission Bilbie, George Scott, 10 annual reports, 71 Chaney, John (Justice), 371–372 Senior Counsel appointed, 20–21, 722 Clark, Andrew Inglis, 199–207* Sydney University – see University of Sydney Davies, Jennifer (Justice), 371 Forster, Robert (Justice), 520 Non-Profit Organisations Kirby, Michael (Justice), 71, 224–227, 486–491 governance (book review), 347 Macfarlan, Robert (Justice), 20–21 Merralls, James, AM QC, 431 Nuisance – see Private Nuisance O’Connor, Robert K, 22 O’Farrell, Michael, SC, 293 Porter, David (Justice), 21 O Schmidt, Monika (Justice), 722 Spigelman, James (Chief Justice), 128–131 Oaths – see Affidavits Torrens, Robert (Sir), 79–80 Ward, Julie (Justice), 227 Obituaries Young, Peter Wolstenholme (Justice), 369–370 Bilbie, George Scott, 10 Connolly, Peter (Justice), 779–780 Pleadings Costigan, Frank, QC, 348–349 referring to documents Mortimer, John (Sir), 272–273 right to particulars of denial, 231–232 Nagle, John Flood (Justice), 778–779 Phillips, John Harber (Chief Justice), 778 Police Rose, Dennis John, AM, QC, 63–64 driving on duty in manner dangerous to public, 298 Rumpole, Horace, 144–146 reasonable suspicion of being a terrorist, 595 Policy Option to Renew Lease statutory interpretation and, 805 meaning, 14–15 Pornography admissibility of expert evidence, 156 P Poverty Parliament – see Legislative Powers freedom from (book review), 269–271 Practice and Procedure – see also Litigation; Service of Partnership Process; Subpoenas and Notices to Produce dissolution Bar table, 788–789 opportunity arising after, 28 case management history of legal firms, 7 costs of litigation, 157–158 timely & just payment, 715 Penalties class actions – see Class Actions collection of fines, 435 court rules relief against forfeiture, 83–84 harmonisation, 359–361 settlement –see Settlement of Proceedings Personal Injury time limits for counsel, 509–510 stored sperm, 596 videolinks, 73 Personal Property Precedents security (Canada) book review, 775–776 statutory licences, 660–663 intermediate appellate courts, 285–286
* Indicates the more important references. 864 The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Prison – see Imprisonment Redemption clogs on equity see Private International Law – Conflict of Laws share trading, 273–241* Private Nuisance bailment of fungibles, 238–239 noise and injunctions, 598–599 Religion Privilege Against Self-Incrimination burial of heretics, 521–522 access to computer, 656 churches’ exemption from rating, 27 clergy discipline Probate sexual misconduct short of adultery, 381–382 lunatics and, 610–612 freedom of religion Procedural Fairness Australian Constitution, 812–814 adjudication process, 665–666 Rent – see Landlord and Tenant; Leases Procedure – see Practice and Procedure Representative Proceedings – see Class Actions Professional Disciplinary Proceedings Rescission criminal allegations (NZ), 233–234 conveyancing of leasehold Property – see also Personal Property; Real Property landlord’s consent not obtained, 445 history of Australian law (book review), 128 Restitution promissory estoppel Anglo-Australian split, 726–727 equitable set-off, 723–724 Restraint of Trade Proprietary Estoppel – see Estoppel covenant not to be employed, carry on or be financially Punitive Damages – see Damages or otherwise engaged in competitive business, 297–298 Purchaser – see Vendor and Purchaser Purchaser’s Lien – see Equitable Liens S Securities – see Shares Q Sedition Quasi-Trusts – see Trusts and Trustees history of the crime, 449–485* Australia, 478 Queensland civil & administrative tribunal, 575 Canadian Law Reform Commission, 477 decentralisation, 75 case for abolition, 473–477 English law (1792–1799: reign of George III), 449– Quizzes – see Trivia 453 treason, 449–450 English law (1800–1820: reign of George III), 453– R 455 Rape – see Sexual Assault English law (1820–1848), 455–458 seditious conspiracy, 459–463 English law (1848), 463–466 Real Property – see also Easements; Mortgages; Treason Felony Act 1848, 466–467 Torrens System; Vendor and Purchaser English law (1868–1901), 470–471 adverse possession Stephen’s formulation (1877), 467–470 confirmation of title (UK), 439 English law (1901–1991), 471–473 mortgagors and (UK), 222 English law: Human Rights Act 1998, 479 unencumbered fee simple, 15–16 English law: list of offences (1605–1991), 480–485 Reasons for Judgment Ireland Law Reform Commission, 478 fact finding and, 260–262 New Zealand Law Commission, 477 United States, 478 * Indicates the more important references. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 865
Self-Incrimination – see Privilege Against Self- Shareholders – continued Incrimination ratification of directors’ breaches – continued limitations of doctrine, 528–532 Self-Represented Litigants breaches of statutory duties, 529 increase in, 139 disclosure, 530 judicial role, 9 “promise not to sue”, 528–529 Senior Counsel prospective ratification, 531–532 appointment substantial, confusing exceptions at general law, NSW, 20–21, 722 529–530 Tasmania, 293 unclear procedure, 532 mechanisms, 525–528 Seniors – see Elder Law affirmation & acquiescence, 526 Sentencing – see also Imprisonment agency laws, 527 juvenile offenders, 509 indemnity provisions, 528 Malaysia, 649–651, 787–788 prevention of minority action, 526–527 media reporting, 283, 508 prospective vs subsequent ratification, 527–528 religious groups and, 787–788 merits, 541–546 right of prisoner to require that sentence be carried out meritorious use for doctrine, 545–546 (Malaysia), 649–651 power to corporation, 541–542 videolinks, 73 preference for court-based forgiveness, 545 shareholders acting for corporation, 542–545 Service of Process reform, 546–547 Facebook, 72–73 Settlement of Proceedings Shares plaintiff dying before order made, 598 fraud liability (US), 591–594 Sexual Assault registers consent, 85 cost of supplying copy, 444 setting aside verdict of acquittal (UK), 444–445 trading clogs on equity of redemption, 237–241* Sexual Misconduct bailment of fungibles, 238–239 clergy discipline, 381–382 Singapore Sexual Offences strata titles voyeurism protecting minority interests in collective sales, 288–291 men’s breasts, 442–443 Slavery international law, 516–519 Shareholders Niger decision, 517–518 class actions – see Class Actions prohibition, 516–517 convening and cancelling corporate meetings, 664– 665 Small Business power to postpone, 726 Commissioner’s Office (Vic), 362 ratification of directors’ breaches, 525–547* Solicitors – see also Legal Practitioners alternative system, 535–541 negligence general law development, 536–538 limits of liability, 801 statutory law development, 538–541 dominant system of liability relief & role for Specific Performance – see Contract shareholder approval, 532–535 relief from liability left to court, 533 Statutory Interpretation shareholder approval as evidence, 533–535 government policy and interests and, 805 shareholder approval in other contexts, 535 human rights and (book review), 346–347
* Indicates the more important references. 866 The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
Strata Titles Superannuation – continued building managers, misconduct by, 154 trustees’ exercise of discretionary powers – continued easements of necessity, 724–725 members providing consideration, 172–173 protecting minority interests in collective sales natural justice & review of discretions, 174–175 (Singapore), 288–291 remedy if court intervenes for invalid exercise, 175-177 statutory review of decisions, 177–180 Subpoenas and Notices to Produce test to apply to decisions, 164–166 legal professional privilege, 81–82 types of discretionary decisions, 160–161
Succession – see also Family Provision; Probate; Wills Supreme Court (WA) distribution to spouses and children on intestacy (NSW), annual review, 140–141 435 legal history, 609–620* T primogeniture, 616–617 uniform laws, 728–751* Taxation administration of estates, 748–749 foreign sovereigns’ investments, 752–764* model legislation, 748 application of principles to tax laws, 757–761 family provision, 738–740 foreign state immunity in Australia, 755–757 eligibility, 738–739 sovereign immunity under international law, 752–755 model legislation, 738 State taxation, 761 property, 739–740 intestacy, 741–747 bona vacantia, 746 Technology and Law comment on provisions, 747–748 discovery & litigation, 284 forfeiture/disclaimer, 746 hotchpot, 746 Terrorism indigenous estates, 747 legislative response, 651–652 model legislation, 741 reasonable suspicion, 595 other relatives, 745–746 per capita/per stirpes, 744–745 Testator’s Family Maintenance – see Family Provision posthumous children, 744 spouse’s share, 741–744 Torrens System survivorship, 744 easements – see Easements whole blood/half blood, 744 indefeasibility of title wills, 729–738 overriding statutes, 655–657 anti-lapse rule, 731–732 unnecessary amendment (NSW), 656 capacity lacking, 732–737 failure of legislation to entrench (NSW), 655–656 delegation of will-making power, 732 overreach (NSW), 657 dispensing powers, 730–731 policy development (NSW), 657 model legislation, 729–730 joint tenancy rectification, 737–738 severance, 27, 221 unincorporated associations, 732 possessory title and, 221–222 Torrens’s later life & death, 79–80 Superannuation trustees’ exercise of discretionary powers, 159–180* basis for review of decisions, 161–164 Tort contractual relations between members & trustees, duty of stock exchange (NZ), 233 173–174 harassment, 723 employment context of occupational superannuation, 167–172 Trade Marks – see also Intellectual Property importance of occupational superannuation, 174 good faith and, 665 Karger v Paul tests, 166 revocation and infringement, 384–385
* Indicates the more important references. The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 867
Trade Practices – see also Restraint of Trade United Kingdom – see also House of Lords accessorial liability, 407–422* Supreme Court established (2009), 647–649 actual or constructive knowledge, 411–415 something short of actual knowledge, 413–414 United States wilful blindness, 415 immigration procedures, 143 interaction between ss 51A and 75B, 420–422 insolvency law knowledge of falsity, 408–411 recognition of Australian liquidation, 217–219 alternative approach, 410–411 securities fraud application of Yorke v Lucas, 409 liability, 591–594 potentially conflicting authorities, 409–410 University Law Reviews – see Law Journals/Reviews Yorke v Lucas, 408–409 silence or inaction and s 75B, 415–419 University of Sydney aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring opening of new law school, 361 contravention, 416 official address, 447–448 conspiring with others to effect contravention, 417 inducing contravention, 416–417 Unrepresented Claimants – see Self-Represented knowingly concerned in or party to contravention, 417 Litigants silence or inaction, 417–419 false or misleading advertising of price, 689–693* V Trade Secrets – see Confidential Information Valuers liability in contract (UK), 443–444 Traffic Law – see Vehicles and Traffic Vehicles and Traffic Treason police driving on duty in manner dangerous to public, history of the crime, 449–450 298 speeding fines, 578 Tribunals Queensland, 575 Vendor and Purchaser – see also Contract for Sale of Land; Conveyancing Trivia notices to complete questions and answers, 791, 852 forfeiture of deposit (UK), 664 purchaser’s lien – see Equitable Liens Trusts and Trustees – see also Joint Ventures vendor’s lien – see Equitable Liens bankruptcy – see Bankruptcy constructive Vexatious Litigants proprietary estoppel and, 596–597 Victoria, 285 quasi-trusts, 181–192* Vicarious Liability – see Exemplary Damages incidental benefits, 87–88 life estates Victoria management of trust property, 232–233 Bar Council no challenge clauses, 27–28 appointments, 21 purchase of trust property by trustee, 832 County Court quasi-trusts, 181–192* criminal cases listing priorities, 216–217 right of indemnity, 86, 231 Law Institute superannuation– see Superannuation centenary (1959), 7 voluntary transfer set aside for mistake of fact, 295 Small Business Commissioner’s Office, 362
U Violence against women UNCITRAL Model Law – see Cross-Border Insolvency national report on, 716 breach of the peace and, 802 Undue Influence settler–indigenous – see elder law, 140 Aboriginals
* Indicates the more important references. 868 The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83
W Wills – continued construction Waiver – see Contract apportionment of property split between spouse and four cousins, 380 Warfare “cut off with a shilling”, 617–618 Geneva Conventions on protection of victims incapable persons 60th anniversary of adoption, 798–800 scope of court’s power, 522–523 Convention on Cluster Munitions, 583–587 limitations context, 583–584 rule in Shelley’s Case, 618–620 dangers, 584–585 mutual definition of cluster munitions, 583 binding contract, 157 entry into force, 587 caveatable interests of beneficiaries, 725 measures to be taken, 586–587 uniform succession laws, 729–738* objectives, 585 anti-lapse rule, 731–732 relations with non-parties, 587 capacity lacking, 732–737 scope, 585–586 delegation of will-making power, 732 dispensing powers, 730–731 Warranties model legislation, 729–730 review of Commonwealth statutory provisions, 362 rectification, 737–738 unincorporated associations, 732 Western Australia Women Australian Law Journal correspondent, 22 violence against Supreme Court – see Supreme Court (WA) national report on, 716 Wills – see also Executors and Administrators; Words and Phrases Probate; Succession “best endeavours”, 156–157 case management “exception”, 150–151 costs of litigation, 157–158 “reservation”, 150–151
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* Indicates the more important references.
THE AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS
VOLUME 83
January 2009 — December 2009
EDITED BY LAWBOOK CO
PRODUCTION EDITOR CAROLYN MAY
THOMSON REUTERS 2009
Customer Service and Sales Inquiries Tel: 1300 304 195 Fax: 1300 304 196 Web: www.thomsonreuters.com.au/legal/ Email: [email protected]
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ISSN 0004-9611
Typeset by Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Ltd, Pyrmont, NSW Printed by Ligare Pty Ltd, Riverwood, NSW The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 iii
The mode of citation of this volume of the AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS will be: 83 ALJR
AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS
CONTENTS
CASE REPORTERS ...... v TABLE OF CASES REPORTED ...... vii CORRIGENDA...... xi AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS, VOL 83 ...... 1-1238 INDEX ...... 1239
ARRANGEMENT OF INDEXES AND TABLES OF CASES
• The ALJR Table of Cases and Index relate solely to the cases reported in the Reports, that is, to cases decided by the High Court of Australia.
• The ALJ Table of Cases and Index relate solely to the content of the Journal and are located in the separately bound ALJ.
iv The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83
The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 v
CASE REPORTERS
John Carroll Christine Tooma Eldabbagh Sarah-Jane Greenaway Alan Luchetti James McGregor Colleen Tognetti Clare Tuckerman Diana Van Breda Adam Weir Paul Weston
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vi The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83
The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 vii
TABLE OF CASES REPORTED
A Cook; Aircair Moree Pty Ltd v, 986 ACQ Pty Ltd v Cook, 986 Customs, Comptroller-General of; Parker v, 494 Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196 Aircair Moree Pty Ltd v Cook, 986 D Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Territory Day; Federal Commissioner of Taxation v, 68 Revenue, 1152 Director-General, Department of Community Services; Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd v Australian National LK v, 525 University, 951 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v E Channel Seven Brisbane Pty Ltd, 691 Edwards; R v, 717 Australian National University; Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd v, 951 F B Fellowes v Military Rehabilitation & Compensation Commission, 1113 Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd; Campbell v, 903 Fox; Calliden Insurance Ltd v, 1086 Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd; Campbell v (No 2), 1101 Fox; Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd v, 1086 Bakewell v The Queen, 894 Friend v Brooker, 724 Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210 Bowen Investments Pty Ltd; Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v, 390 G Brooker; Friend v, 724 Bruton Holdings Pty Ltd (In liq) v Federal Commissioner Gardiner; Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd v, 196 of Taxation 1034 Giudice; Visscher v, 1068 Godwin; Priestley v, 237 C Goodman Fielder Ltd; Hickson v, 547 Calliden Insurance Ltd v Fox, 1086 Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903 H Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (No 2), 1101 Hickson v Goodman Fielder Ltd, 547 Carroll v The Queen, 579 Cesan v The Queen, 43 I Channel Seven Brisbane Pty Ltd; Australian Competition IceTV Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd, 585 & Consumer Commission v, 691 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v Kumar, 539 Chesterton; Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd v, 654 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZIAI, 1123 Clarke v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1044 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZIZO, 1104 Collins; Northern Territory v, 1 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZJGV, 1135 Commonwealth; Wong v, 271 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZJXO, 1135 Commonwealth; Wurridjal v, 399 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZKTI, 1017 Cook; ACQ Pty Ltd v, 986 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZLFX, 1029
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Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for; Sok v, 25 Northern Territory v Collins, 1 Inspector Nathan Hamilton; John Holland Pty Ltd v, 1236 P J Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v Rickard Constructions Pty Parker v Comptroller-General of Customs, 494 Ltd (subject to deed of company arrangement), Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v, 557 1180 Parramatta City Council; R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v, 557 Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v SST Consulting Pty Ltd, PNJ v The Queen, 384 1180 Priestley v Godwin, 237 John Holland Pty Ltd v Inspector Nathan Hamilton, 1236 Puttick v Tenon Ltd, 93 John Holland Pty Ltd v Victorian Workcover Authority, 1230 Jones v The Queen, 671 R R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557 K R v Edwards, 717 K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327 R v Keenan, 243 Kennan; R v, 243 R; Bakewell v, 894 Kennon; Spry v, 145 R; Carroll v, 579 Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680 R; Cesan v, 43 Kingsway Group Ltd; Bofinger v, 1210 R; Jones v, 671 Kirkland-Veenstra; Stuart v, 623 R; Mas Rivadavia v, 43 Kumar v; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 539 R; PNJ v, 384 R; Tilley v, 233 L Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd v Chesterton, 654 Regional Publishers Pty Ltd; Keramianakis v, 680 Lane v Morrison, 377 Rickard Constructions Pty Ltd (subject to deed of Lane v Morrison, 993 company arrangement); Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd v Fox, 1086 Ltd v, 1180 Lele; Selim v, 271 Riddell v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 749 Liquor Licensing Court; K-Generation Pty Ltd v, 327 LK v Director-General, Department of Community S Services, 525 Sok v Minister for Immigration & Citizenship, 25 Lujans v Yarrabee Coal Co Pty Ltd, 34 Spriggs v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 749 Spry v Kennon, 145 M Spry; Kennon v, 145 Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557 SST Consulting Pty Ltd; Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v, Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43 1180 Military Rehabilitation & Compensation Commission; Stuart v Kirkland-Veenstra, 623 Fellowes v, 1113 Sutherland; Vale v, 940 Morrison; Lane v, 377 Sydney Water Corporation v Turano, 1168 Morrison; Lane v, 993 SZIAI; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1123 SZIZO; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1104 N SZJGV; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1135 Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd; IceTV Pty Ltd v, 585
The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 ix
SZJXO; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1135 Tilley v The Queen, 233 SZKTI; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1017 Turano; Sydney Water Corporation v, 1168 SZLFX; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1029 V T Vale v Sutherland, 940 Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd, 390 Victorian Workcover Authority; John Holland Pty Ltd v, Taxation, Federal Commissioner of v Day, 68 1230 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of v Word Investments Visscher v Giudice, 1068 Ltd, 105 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Bruton Holdings Pty W Ltd (In liq) v, 1034 Wong v Commonwealth, 271 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Clarke v, 1044 Word Investments Ltd; Federal Commissioner of Taxation Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Pape v, 765 v, 105 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Riddell v, 749 Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Spriggs v, 749 Tenon Ltd; Puttick v, 93 Y Territory Revenue, Commissioner of; Alcan (NT) Yarrabee Coal Co Pty Ltd; Lujans v, 34 Alumina Pty Ltd v, 1152
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The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 xi
CORRIGENDA
Vol 83 —
Page 54 [57], line 17: For “crowding” read “clouding”. Page 143 [186], line 10: For “His Honour said” read “His Lordship said”. Page 243, hearing date: For “7 August” read “1 October 2008”. Page 259 [76], line 5: For “Lord Macauley” read “Lord Macaulay”. Page 259 [77], line 1: For “Lord Macauley” read “Lord Macaulay”. Page 444, fn 312, line 3: Delete “Sir Isaac Isaacs – A Sequicentenary Reflection” (2005) 29 Melbourne University Law Review 880 at 893-894, 902 (repeated text). Page 687 [31], line 1: For “s 27(1)” read “s 127(1)”. Page 810 [213], line 3: For “Parliament” read “Constitution”. Page 944 [15] (2), line 1: For “(2) the notice” read “(2) The notice”. Page 1072 [16], line 4: For “positions to the filled” read “positions to be filled”.
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INDEX*
A
APPEAL AND NEW TRIAL — see also CRIMINAL LAW appeal — general principles points and objections not taken below — when allowed to be raised on appeal— legal ground appearing on evidence — family law proceedings — property settlements — trust property — whether subject of antenuptial settlement — recourse to trust property — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), s 85A — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145 right of appeal — when appeal lies error of law — denial of natural justice — long standing judgment of inferior court — disapproval or overruling — failure to give notice to parties — whether appellant denied procedural fairness — effect on outcome of intermediate appeal — Parker v Comptroller-General of Customs, 494 New South Wales — appeal from District Court — defamation proceedings before judge and jury — finding that imputations not conveyed — where fatal to plaintiff’s case — “verdict” for defendant — whether “judgment or order of court” — District Court Act 1973 (NSW), ss 126, 127(1) — Supreme Court Act 1970 (NSW), s 75A —Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680 appeal by way of rehearing — conduct of appeal — failure to conduct proper rehearing — reliance on copies of photographs — overlooking of evidence — misconstruction of evidence — failure to deal with evidence — Supreme Court Act 1970 (NSW), s 75A(5) — Lujans v Yarrabee Coal Co Pty Ltd, 34 AVIATION — damage by aircraft — extension of liability to indirectly caused harm — statutory cause of action — importation of common law test —Damage by Aircraft Act 1999 (Cth), ss 10(1), 10(1)(d) — ACQ Pty Ltd v Cook; Aircair Moree Pty Ltd v Cook, 986 offences in relation to aviation — Commonwealth offences — prosecution of offences — reckless operation of aircraft — stay of proceedings — delay — loss of in-flight data — where stay set aside — misapplication of relevant test — Civil Aviation Act 198 (Cth), ss 20A(1), 29 — R v Edwards, 717
B
BANKRUPTCY — administration of property — contribution of bankrupt and recovery of property — collection of money or property from party to transaction where void against trustee — notice — “alleged facts and circumstances set out in the notice” — extent — amount claimed for payment — proper date of valuation of property — date of notice — Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth), Pt VI, Divs 3, 4B Subdiv J, ss 120, 139K, 139ZQ, 139ZQ(1), 139ZQ(2), 239ZS, 139ZS(1) — Vale v Sutherland, 940
C
CITIZENSHIP, IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION — see MIGRATION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (CTH) — judicial power of the Commonwealth — military courts — Australian Military Court — constitutional validity — Constitution, Ch III — Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth), Pt VII, Div 3 — Lane v Morrison, 993
* This Index is to cases reported in ALJR only. There is a separate Index to ALJ. 1240 The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83
Constitutional Law (Cth) — continued non-judicial organs of government — Crown — administrative machinery of government collection, appropriation and expenditure of public money — appropriation and expenditure — appropriation — validity — sources of power to spend — scope of power — Constitution, ss 51(xxxix), 61, 81, 83 — Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), s 16 — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth), s 3 — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 law officers — right to intervene — how exercisable — when asserting argument opposed by immediate parties — High Court Rules 2004 (Cth), r 42.08.5 — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327 operation and effect of Commonwealth Constitution construction of the Constitution — amendment of the Constitution — grant of legislative power to Parliament — matters of history and usage — relevance of — Constitution, s 51(xxiiiA) — Wong v Commonwealth; Selim v Lele, 271 executive government — generally — executive power of Commonwealth — parameters — sources of power — statute law — other sources beyond express grants of legislative power — character of national government — payments to taxpayers — response to national crisis — validity of exercise — Constitution, s 61 — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 external affairs — power in absence of treaty or convention — matters related to global economy — national economic stimulus — tax bonus — validity of legislation — whether law “with respect to” external affairs — Constitution, s 51(xxix) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 general matters — construction of the Constitution — generally — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 inconsistency of laws (Constitution, s 109) — particular cases — other matters — occupational health and safety legislation — prosecution under State law — not invalidated by Commonwealth legislation Constitution, s 109 — Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991 (Cth), s 4 — Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 (NSW), s 8(1), (2) — John Holland Pty Ltd v Inspector Nathan Hamilton, 1236 not intended to cover field — Constitution, s 109 — Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991 (Cth), ss 4, 5 — Occupational Health and Safety and Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Legislation Amendment Act 2006 (Cth) — Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 (Vic), ss 21, 23 — John Holland Pty Ltd v Victorian Workcover Authority, 1230 matters incidental to execution of powers — generally — legislative or executive powers — “nationhood power” — scope — matters of national importance — exclusive capacity of Commonwealth to address — stimulation of national economy — tax bonuses — validity of legislation — Constitution, s 51(xxxix) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 powers with respect to property — power to acquire property on just terms acquisition of property — what constitutes “property” — statutory rights — traditional indigenous land use rights confirmed by statute — suspension or diminution — Constitution, s 51(xxxi) — Northern Territory National Emergency Response Act 2007 (Cth), ss 34(1), 60(3) — Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and Other Legislation Amendment (Northern Territory National Emergency Response and Other Measures) Act 2007 (Cth), Sch 4 — Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth), s 71 — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399 just terms — Aboriginal land rights — emergency intervention — lease of township lands to Commonwealth — suspension of statutory land rights restricting entry by non-Aboriginals — provisions for reasonable compensation and “reasonable amount of rent” — whether equivalent to just terms — Constitution, s 51(xxxi) — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399 relationship between Commonwealth and States generally — effect of Commonwealth law on States — particular cases — South Australia — significant curtailment, interference, disability or burden — taxation — superannuation contribution surcharge — constitutionally protected funds — State parliamentarians’ pensions — Superannuation Contributions Tax (Members of Constitutionally Protected Superannuation Funds) Imposition Act 1997 (Cth) — Superannuation Contributions Tax (Members of Constitutionally Protected Superannuation Funds) Assessment and Collection Act 1997 (Cth) — Clarke v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1044
The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 1241
Constitutional Law (Cth) — continued operation and effect of Commonwealth Constitution — continued taxation — power with respect to taxation — scope of power —particular cases — refund or return of taxation — economic stimulus — tax bonus — whether law “with respect to” taxation — Constitution, s 51(ii) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 trade and commerce — generally — extent of power — particular cases — actions by government — economic stimulus — bonus returned to taxpayers — legislative powers underpinning — whether law “with respect to” trade and commerce — Constitution, s 51(i) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 social services (Constitution, s 51(xxiiiA) — prohibition on authorising civil conscription — practical compulsion — whether analogous to military conscription — scheme for payment of Medicare benefits — practical need for medical practitioners to participate in scheme — examination of practitioner’s conduct to determine “inappropriate practice” — Constitution, s 51(xxiiiA) — Health Insurance Act 1973 (Cth), ss 10, 20, 20A, 82, Pt VAA — Wong v Commonwealth; Selim v Lele, 271 Territories — Commonwealth’s legislative power over Territories — relationship to other parts of the Constitution — acquisition of property on just terms — Northern Territory — traditional indigenous land use rights confirmed by statute — national emergency response — lease of Aboriginal township lands to Commonwealth — Constitution, s 122 — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399 CONTRACTS — discharge, breach and defences to actions for breach — conditions — variation and waiver — loan agreements — requirement of punctual payment — forbearance or indulgence by lender — position of indemnifier — where excused from indemnity by borrower’s breach — Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196 general contractual principles — construction and interpretation of contracts — implied terms — terms essential to enable performance — commercial agreements — duty to co-operate — when to be implied — effect of other terms taken as whole — where commercial necessity not established — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903 COPYRIGHT — infringement — particular cases — compilations — television guides — originality of material reproduced — relevance to infringement claim — details of programme title and broadcast time — whether “substantial part” of compiled schedule — degree of skill and labour appropriated — compilation created as by-product of other skilled effort — relevance of “skill and labour” to notion of substantiality — IceTV Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd, 585 interpretation — substantial part of work or other subject matter — Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), s 14(1)(a) — IceTV Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd, 585 original works in which copyright subsists — particular cases — compilations — facts contained in compilations — degree of originality required to ground infringement — level of skill and labour involved in creating copied material — where by-product of other skilled process — IceTV Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd, 585 CORPORATIONS — management and administration — duties and liabilities of offices of corporation — fiduciary and related statutory duties — generally —fiduciary duty — to meet equal share of capital contributions — where directors allegedly involved in joint venture or partnership — Friend v Brooker , 724 membership, rights and remedies — members’ remedies and internal disputes — oppressive or unfair conduct — what constitutes — conduct of or relating to directors — oppression of fellow directors — exclusion from participation in management — corporation subsequently placed in liquidation — cessation of oppressive conduct — order for compulsory purchase of share — discretion to make — where corporation left without assets or business — Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), s 232 — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903 winding-up — winding up voluntarily — effect of voluntary winding up — other cases —recovery of income tax — scope of Commissioner’s powers — collection from person owing money to taxpayer — whether amounting to attachment — Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), s 500(1) — Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), ss 260-5, 260-45 — Bruton Holdings Pty Ltd (In liq) v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1034
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CRIMINAL LAW — see also SENTENCE adjournment, stay of proceedings or order restraining proceedings — stay of proceedings — delay — delay and loss of evidence — test to be applied — unacceptable injustice or unfairness — misapplication — stay set aside — R v Edwards, 717 appeal and new trial appeal against sentence — appeals by Crown — principles applied by appellate court to Crown appeals — offender’s state of mind — extent to which death foreseeable — erroneous steps in appellate reasoning — sentence proceedings therefrom — Carroll v The Queen, 579 miscarriage of justice — particular circumstances not amounting to miscarriage — misdirection or non-direction — R v Keenan, 243 appeal and new trial and inquiry after conviction — appeal and new trial miscarriage of justice — particular circumstances involving miscarriage — other irregularities — judge asleep during significant portions of trial — failure to exercise duty to supervise and control proceedings — resulting distraction of jurors — doubt as to propriety of conviction — substantial miscarriage — proviso not engaged — Criminal Appeal Act 1912 (NSW), s 6(1) — Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43 particular grounds — conduct of trial judge — sleeping during trial — failure to exercise proper supervision and control over proceedings — distraction of jury — systemic failure of judicial process — Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43 practice after criminal appeal legislation — power to order new trial or quash conviction — particular cases — new trial granted — Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43 criminal liability and capacity — double jeopardy — generally — wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm — sentence taking effect from entry into custody — subsequent murder charge arising from same acts — whether murder sentence able to be backdated — free choice in relation to plea — whether murder trial abuse of process — Criminal Law (Sentencing) Act 1988 (SA), ss 30(1), 30(2)(b) — PNJ v The Queen, 384 evidence — hearsay — propensity of co-accused — co-accused on bail for similar prior offence — fact of charge admissible — details of police brief inadmissible hearsay — Jones v The Queen, 671 general matters — ancillary liability — complicity — common purpose — directions to jury — probable consequence — nature of offence — shooting by primary offender — Criminal Code 1899 (Qld), s 8 — R v Keenan, 243 miscarriage of justice — dismissal of appeal where no substantial miscarriage of justice — application of proviso to particular cases — evidence of bad character and prior convictions — measured against similar evidence admitted by co-accused — Criminal Code (Qld), s 668E(1A) — Jones v The Queen, 671 particular offences — offences against the person acts intended to cause or causing danger to life or bodily harm or serious injury — wounding or shooting offences — shooting — doing grievous bodily harm with intent — R v Keenan, 243 homicide — manslaughter — sentence — particular cases — Carroll v The Queen, 579 CUSTOMS AND EXCISE — officers exercising powers under Customs Act — powers of officers — search and seizure — extent of power — notices to produce and customs warrants — admissibility of evidence obtained in excess of power — Customs Act 1901 (Cth), s 214 — Evidence Act 1995 (NSW), s 138 — Parker v Comptroller- General of Customs, 494 penal provisions — offences — evasion of duty and falsification of entries and documents — evading payment of duty — prosecution — procedure — evidence — averments — extent to which relied on — Customs Act 1901 (Cth), s 255 — Parker v Comptroller-General of Customs, 494
D DAMAGES — breach of contract — measure of damages — commercial lease — tenant’s covenant — not to undertake substantial alteration of property without consent — diminution of value of reversion — reinstatement damages — Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd, 390
The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 1243
DEFAMATION — statements amounting to defamation injury to person’s business or professional reputation — “hypothetical referees” — “right-thinking” persons — class of persons from which drawn — person sharing standards of general community — whether necessary to have knowledge associated with business of profession — innuendo —words not defamatory per se — whether plea of true innuendo appropriate — Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd v Chesterton, 654 injury to reputation in business, profession, trade or calling — imputations concerning business or professional reputation — application of general test for defamation — requirement for disparagement of reputation — distinction between defamation and injurious falsehood — Defamation Act 1974 (NSW) — Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd v Chesterton, 654 DEFENCE AND WAR — defence forces — courts-martial and other service tribunals Australian Military Court — criminal jurisdiction — validity of conferral — constitutional issues — Constitution, Ch III — Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth), ss 25, 61(2), 61(3) —Lane v Morrison, 377 generally — Australian Military Court — constitutional validity — Constitution, Ch III — Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth), Pt VII, Div 3 — Lane v Morrison, 993
E
EMPLOYMENT LAW — effect of industrial awards, agreements or legislation on employment contract — certified agreement — termination and breach of contract — effect of breach — repudiatory demotion by employer —employee election to affirm or terminate — Constitution, s 75(v) — Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth), Pts VIA, VIB; Pt VIB Div 2; ss 170CD(1B), 170CE(1)(a), 170CH(3), 170LZ(1) — Visscher v Giudice, 1068 EQUITY — see also TRUSTS AND TRUSTEES contribution — partners or joint venturers — benefit accruing to all — arising from payment by one — whether basis for contribution —whether principle of “common design” can ground contribution — Friend v Brooker , 724 fiduciary obligations — confidential information — breach of confidence — disclosure — confidences relating to crimes and frauds — translation to public law regimes — statutory regimes — relevant issues — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Kumar, 539 general principles equitable doctrines and presumptions — subrogation — of guarantors — realisation of security by first mortgagee — surplus funds paid to puisne mortgagee — where guarantors made voluntary payments in reduction of indebtedness — subrogation to security and debtor’s entitlement to account — priority over puisne mortgagee — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210 unjust enrichment — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210 remedies and procedure — ratification, affirmation and waiver — waiver — contracts — loan agreements — requirement of punctual payment — gratuitous indulgence by creditor — variation not acknowledged by indemnifying party — debtor in breach — effect of lender’s forbearance or indulgence — where indemnity conditional on absence of breach — Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196 general principles — nature and characteristics — as aspect of contractual variation, estoppel or election — whether existing as discrete or unilateral principle — discussion of authorities — Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196 ESTOPPEL — estoppel by convention — when not arising — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210
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F
FAMILY LAW AND CHILD WELFARE — family law — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) and related legislation children — overseas orders, child abduction and children out of jurisdiction — child abduction matters under international conventions generally — LK v Director-General, Department of Community Services, 525 habitual residence — appeal — orders for return of children — retention — intention of parents — settled purpose or intention — LK v Director-General, Department of Community Services, 525 property and maintenance of parties — alteration of property interests — property and financial resources of the parties — trust assets — discretionary trusts — bare powers of appointment — rights of objects — due consideration and administration — concurrent fiduciary duty of trustee — whether amounting to “property” of parties to marriage — effect of intervening divorce — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), ss 4(1), 4(2), 79(1) — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145 trust created before marriage contemplated — purported excision of husband and wife from class of objects — disposal of trust assets to trusts for children — dispositions set aside — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), ss 79(1), 106B — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145 ante and post nuptial settlements and agreements — settlements on trust — when made — whether made in contemplation of specific marriage — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), s 85A — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145 G
GUARANTEE AND INDEMNITY — rights of surety against creditor — accounting for surplus after realisation of security — subrogation to remaining security — effect on statutory priority — Real Property Act 1900 (NSW), ss 58, 58(3) — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210 against principal debtor — indemnity — subrogation to securities — when arising — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210
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HIGH COURT AND FEDERAL COURT — Federal Court of Australia — original jurisdiction — procedure and evidence — summary disposal and stay of proceedings — generally — Rules of Court — validity — Federal Court Act 1976 (Cth), s 31A — Federal Court Rules 1979 (Cth), O 20 r 5 — Priestley v Godwin, 237 federal judicature exclusive and invested jurisdiction — federal jurisdiction of State courts — power to invest State courts with federal jurisdiction — minimum characteristics of independent and impartial State court — Licensing Court of South Australia — nature of court as constituted — consequence of State enactment causing State court to fail to meet minimal standards of independence and impartiality for repository of federal jurisdiction — Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth), s 39(2) — Constitution, Ch III, ss 75, 76, 77(iii) — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327 nature and extent of judicial power — courts-martial and other service tribunals — Australian Military Court — constitutional validity — Constitution, Ch III — Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth), Pt VII, Div 3 — Lane v Morrison, 993 Federal Magistrates Court — procedure — pleadings — defences — putting plaintiff to proof — where no specific denial — where trial conducted on basis pleaded fact in issue — Vale v Sutherland, 940
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High Court and Federal Court — continued High Court of Australia appellate jurisdiction appeal from verdict of jury — whether “verdict” properly so-called —defamation proceedings before judge and jury — jurisdiction of intermediate appellate court — New South Wales — District Court Act 1973 (NSW), s 127(1) — Constitution, s 73 — Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680 procedure costs particular cases — costs of trial and intermediate appeal — where issues remitted to court below for further hearing and determination — ultimate outcome of proceedings yet to be determined — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (No 2), 1101 suitor’s fund — when not appropriate to grant certificate — Federal Proceedings (Costs) Act 1981 (Cth), s 6(2) — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (No 2), 1101 other matters — notices of contention — amendment — matters capable of being raised — High Court Rules 2004 (Cth), r 42.08.5 — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903 special leave to appeal bail — conspiracy to import narcotics — significant delays in proceedings below — hardship — whether amounting to “ special circumstances” — Tilley v The Queen, 233 question not likely to arise again — legislation amended — unresolved jurisdictional error — appellant denied redress — consequent miscarriage of justice — special leave not revoked — appeal allowed — Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680 by which decisions bound or influenced — prior decisions of the High Court power to overrule — constitutional cases — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399 whether appropriate to overrule — private international law — choice of appropriate forum — relevant issues not decided in courts below —insufficient grounds in submissions before court — Puttick v Tenon Ltd, 93 original jurisdiction matters in which High Court has original jurisdiction constitutional writs —prohibition — application to show cause other relief including certiorari — where refused — Priestley v Godwin, 237 untenable grounds — Lane v Morrison, 377 matters arising under the Constitution — legislative and executive powers of Commonwealth —validity of statutes — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 procedure parties interveners and amicus curiae — amici curiae — constitutional cases — indigenous peoples — submissions on foreign and international law — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399 standing — particular persons — taxpayers — declaratory relief — when available — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 pleadings — demurrer and objections — demurrer — general principles — whether appropriate procedure — matter of general public interest — whether appropriate to progress to full hearing — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399 procedure — parties — interveners and amicus curiae — intervener asserting argument opposed by immediate parties — High Court Rules 2004 (Cth), r 42.08.5 — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327 HIGHWAYS — negligence and nuisance — injuries to users of highways — liability of persons other than highway authority — liability generally — corporations and persons acting under statutory powers — water authorities — effect of pipeline works on roadside vegetation — Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), ss 43A, 43A(3) — Sydney Water Corp v Turano, 1168
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INCOME TAX AND RELATED LEGISLATION — ascertainment of assessable income — exempt income — religious, scientific, charitable or public educational institutions, and funds established for public charitable or scientific research purposes — “charitable institution” with religious purposes — profit from operation of businesses used to support charitable institutions — distinction between purposes and mere powers — main or predominant or dominant objects — whether distributions to charitable institutions incidental — statutory requirement that objectives be pursued principally in Australia — payment over of funds in Australia to organisations pursuing objectives outside Australia — Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), ss 50-50(a), 50-5 Item 1.1 — Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth), s 23(e) — Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Word Investments Ltd, 105 collection and recovery of tax collection from person owing money to taxpayer — corporate taxpayer in liquidation — availability and validity of third party notice — whether amounting to attachment — Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), s 500(1) —Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), ss 260-5 — Bruton Holdings Pty Ltd (In liq) v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1034 refund of tax — tax bonus payment — as means of economic stimulus — national response to global economic crisis — validity — sources of power to grant — Constitution, ss 51(i), 51(ii), 51(xxix), 51(xxxix), 61, 81, 83 — Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), s 16 — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 deductions and rebates in calculating taxable income — losses and outgoings incurred in gaining or producing the assessable income or necessarily incurred in carrying on a business for the purpose of gaining or producing such income generally — necessarily incurred in carrying on business — whether business carried on — management fees paid by professional footballers — Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), ss 8-1(1)(a), 8- 1(1)(b), 995-1 — Spriggs v Federal Commissioner of Taxation; Riddell v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 749 relation between loss or outgoing and assessable income of year of account — “incurred in gaining or producing assessable income” — no direct connection required — defending disciplinary charges — public servant — legal expenses deductible — Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), ss 8-1, 8-1(1)(a), 8-1(2)(b) — Public Service Act 1922 (Cth), s 56(d) — Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Day, 68 particular deductions — legal and other professional expenses defending criminal or similar charges — disciplinary charges —against officer of Commonwealth Public Service — Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Day, 68 professional footballer — management fees — connection between outgoing and gaining or producing of assessable income —exploitation of sporting prowess and associated celebrity —playing football inextricably linked with promotional activities — capital or income expenditure — Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), ss 8-1, 8-1(2)(a) — Spriggs v Federal Commissioner of Taxation; Riddell v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 749 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY — see COPYRIGHT; PATENTS INTERNATIONAL TREATIES — interpretation — construction of terms — Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction — Family Law (Child Abduction Convention) Regulations 1986 (Cth) — LK v Director-General, Department of Community Services, 525 INTERPRETATION — see also STATUTES general rules of construction of instruments — commercial and business transactions — loan agreements — particular words — “punctual” — Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196
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LANDLORD AND TENANT — commercial lease — tenant’s covenant — not to undertake substantial alteration of property without consent — actions for breach —measure of damages — diminution of value of reversion — reinstatement damages — Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd, 390 LIQUOR LAW — South Australia — application for new licence — objection by police — public interest ground — confidential criminal intelligence — duty of licensing authority to preserve confidentiality — statutory diminution of procedural fairness — resulting judicial status of Licensing and Supreme Courts — Kable principle not offended — Liquor Licensing Act 1997 (SA), ss 4, 28A, 28A(1), 28A(2), 28A(5) — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327 LOCAL GOVERNMENT — powers, functions and duties of councils generally — powers generally — extent of powers — compulsory acquisition of land — limits on power — purpose of re-sale — relationship between exercise of any council function and purpose of re-sale — compulsory acquisition of land already vested in council — Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991 (NSW), s 7B — Local Government Act 1993 (NSW), ss 186, 188 — R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557
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MIGRATION — categories of visas family migration domestic violence — permanent spouse visa — relationship ceased — non-judicially determined claim of domestic violence — claim first raised before tribunal — nature of tribunal review — procedural requirements — Sok v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, 25 spouses — cohabitation and incidents of marriage — disproof — information received in confidence — particulars — whether disclosable to applicant — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 359A, 359A(4)(c) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Kumar, 539 refugee and humanitarian visas — determination of refugee status — protection visas — evidence of conduct in Australia — conduct’s purpose to strengthen application — use of evidence adversely to applicants — determining “whether” person has well-founded fear of persecution — disregard of conduct — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 91R(3), 91R(3)(a), 91R(3)(b) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZJGV; Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZJXO, 1135 review of decisions Migration Review Tribunal hearings — spouse visa application refused — domestic violence claims — nature of tribunal review — procedural fairness — statutory requirements — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), s 360(1) — Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth), Div 1.5, reg 1.23 — Sok v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, 25 procedural fairness — information relevant to decision — disclosure requirements — extent of disclosure to applicant — information received in confidence — whether “non-disclosable information” — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 5(1), 359A(4)(c) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Kumar, 539 Refugee Review Tribunal — conduct of review additional information sought by tribunal — obtaining information by telephone — no requirement for written invitation Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 424(1), 424(2), 424(3), 424B — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZKTI, 1017 Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 424(2), 424(3), 424B — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZLFX, 1029
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Migration — continued review of decisions — continued Refugee Review Tribunal — conduct of review — continued hearings allegedly forged documents failure of tribunal to make inquiries — no duty to inquire — Migration Act 1958 (Cth) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZIAI, 1123 no invitation to further hearing — no denial of procedural fairness — no new issue raised — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), s 425(1) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZIAI, 1123 further information obtained after hearing — where no new or additional issue raised — no requirement for invitation to attend further hearing — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), s 425(1) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZKTI, 1017 information to be presented to applicant — reason, or a part of reason, for affirming decision under review — further information obtained by telephone — file note of conversation — not part of reasons — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 424A(1)(a) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZLFX, 1029 notice to appear — notice other than to authorised recipient — exhaustive statement of requirements of natural justice hearing rule — effect of departure from requirements — Migration Act 1958 (Cth); Pt 7, Divs 4 and 7A; ss 36(2)(a), 36(2)(b), 422B, 424A(1), 425, 425A, 425A(2)(c), 441A, 441G, 441G(1) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZIZO, 1104
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NEGLIGENCE — essentials of action for negligence — duty of care — reasonable foreseeability of damage — particular cases — affecting public authorities — water authorities — temporal proximity — effect of pipeline works on roadside vegetation — duty to road users — Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), Pt 1A Div 2 — Sydney Water Corp v Turano, 1168 liability for others’ negligence — independent contractors — building and construction industry — statutory occupational health and safety obligations — whether giving rise to expanded duty — duty to train in safe work methods — Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 (NSW) — Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 2001 (NSW), cl 213(i) — Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd v Fox; Calliden Insurance Ltd v Fox, 1086 police officers — duty to prevent self-harm — power to apprehend — “mentally ill” person — reasonable grounds for believing person likely to attempt suicide — duty to exercise statutory power — Mental Health Act 1986 (Vic), ss 10, 10(1) — Stuart v Kirkland-Veenstra, 623
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PATENTS — infringement — contributory infringement — infringement by supply of products — “ supply” to direct infringer — “product” — supply of “input” into patented method — variety of uses to which product put — whether “staple commercial product” — statutory licence to harvest timber — timber used to produce allegedly infringing oil — Patents Act 1990 (Cth), ss 117, 117(1), 117(2)(b), Sch 1 — Crown Lands Regulations (NT) — Northern Territory v Collins, 1 POLICE — rights, powers and duties — power to apprehend — duty to prevent self-harm — Stuart v Kirkland-Veenstra, 623 PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW — stay of proceedings — generally — appropriate forum — claims in tort — identification of lex causae — where common law claim barred by lex loci delicti — utility of proceedings — Puttick v Tenon Ltd, 93
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PROCEDURE — costs — jurisdiction — persons not parties to proceedings — litigation funding — contingency fee to funder in event of success — no indemnity of plaintiff against adverse costs — impecunious plaintiff — whether abuse of process — notion of “unfairness” — Maintenance, Champerty and Barratry Abolition Act 1993 (NSW) — Uniform Civil Procedure Rules 2005 (NSW), r 42.3 — Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v SST Consulting Pty Ltd; Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v Rickard Constructions Pty Ltd (subject to a deed of company arrangement), 1180 courts and judges generally courts — proceedings in open court or in camera — liquor licensing court — provision requiring confidentiality of police objector’s criminal intelligence — affidavit evidence unseen by licence applicant and counsel — provision for proceedings from which applicant and counsel excluded — K- Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327 judges — duties — jury trials — supervision and control of proceedings — judge asleep during significant portions of trial — effect on jury’s attention to evidence — where substantial miscarriage of justice results — Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43 inferior courts — New South Wales — District Court — appeal and new trial — appeal to Supreme Court — right of appeal — District Court Act 1973 (NSW), s 127(1) —Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680 judgments and orders amending, varying and setting aside — effect of entering or recording judgment or order — courts of superior record — error in reasoning — residual power to correct — Criminal Appeal Act 1912 (NSW) — Criminal Appeal Rules 1952 (NSW), r 50C(3), 1221 what is a judgment or order — New South Wales — defamation proceedings before judge and jury — entry of “verdict” for defendant by judge — whether appellable to Court of Appeal — District Court Act 1973 (NSW), s 127(1) — Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680 pleadings — civil proceedings — interlocutory proceedings — late amendment necessitating adjournment of trial — case management — costs — Court Procedure Rules 2006 (ACT), rr 21, 501, 501(1)(a), 501(1)(c), 502 — Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd v Australian National University, 951
R REAL PROPERTY — compulsory acquisition of land constraints on local council’s powers where land acquired “for the purpose of re-sale” — land adjoining or in vicinity of other land acquired at same time for purpose other than re-sale — acquisition of land adjoining streets already vested in council — compulsory acquisition of streets — source of power to acquire streets — Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991 (NSW), s 7B —Local Government Act 1993 (NSW), s 188(2)(a) — R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557 local council’s power to acquire land “for the purpose of exercising any of its functions” — power limited if land acquired “for the purpose of re-sale” — meaning of “purpose of re-sale” — acquisition for purpose of major development involving disposition of some land for money’s worth — Local Government Act 1993 (NSW), ss 186(1), 188(1) — R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557
S SENTENCE — sentencing orders — non-parole period or minimum term — prisoners transferred interstate — life sentence — application to increase non-parole period — not sentence “review” by transferor “State” — “prisoner” — “translated sentence” — Sentencing (Crime of Murder) and Parole Reform Act 2003 (NT), Pt 5 Div 1, ss 18(a), 19, 19(3), 19(7), 19(9) — Prisoners (Interstate Transfer ) Act (NT), ss 23(1), 23(1)(a) — Interpretation Act (NT), s 38(1)(b) — Prisoners (Interstate Transfer) Act 1982 (SA), ss 5(1), 27(1)(a), 28(1), 28(2), 28(7) — Bakewell v The Queen, 894
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SOCIAL WELFARE — health insurance — Medicare benefits — Professional Services Review — Health Insurance Act 1973 (Cth), ss 10, 20, 20A, Pt VAA —Wong v Commonwealth; Selim v Lele, 271 STAMP DUTIES — what transactions or instruments are liable — conveyance or transfer on sale — Northern Territory — transfer of shares — land rich corporation — extended definition of “land” — mining leases — whether options to renew part of dutiable component — effect on proportionate value — Taxation (Administration) Act (NT), Pt III Div 8A, ss 4(1), 56N, 56R — Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Territory Revenue, 1152 STATUTES — see also INTERPRETATION Acts of Parliament interpretation consideration of extrinsic matters — extrinsic evidence of parliamentary intention favouring draconian interpretation — principle of legality favouring conservative interpretation — preservation of constitutionality favouring conservative interpretation — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327 rules of construction — where meaning ambiguous or uncertain — presumptions as to legislative intention — not to alienate vested proprietary interests — compulsory acquisition of land by local government — R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557 validity of legislation — Commonwealth economic stimulus package — tax bonus — sources of power to enact — Constitution, ss 51(i), 51(ii), 51(xxix), 51(xxxix), 61, 81, 83 — Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), s 16 — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 requirement that Act be “subject to Constitution” — reading down to give effect — Acts Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth), s 15A — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 interpretation — see also INTERPRETATION consideration of extrinsic matters — legislative history of Act — Constitution, s 51(xxiiiA) — Wong v Commonwealth; Selim v Lele, 271 construction, particular classes of statute — fiscal statutes — general principles — Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Territory Revenue, 1152 fiscal statutes — exemptions and exceptions — Northern Territory — exceptions — definition of matter excepted — displacement by contrary intention — leases — options to renew — land rich corporations — share transfers — contribution of option to dutiable value — Taxation (Administration) Act (NT), Pt III Div 8A, ss 4(1), 56N, 56R — Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Territory Revenue, 1152 SUPERANNUATION — public service funds — South Australia — State parliamentarians’ funds — contribution surcharge — statutory indemnity for commutation liability — validity of Commonwealth laws — Clarke v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1044
T
TAXES AND DUTIES — see CUSTOMS AND EXCISE; INCOME TAX AND RELATED LEGISLATION; STAMP DUTIES
TORTS — see DEFAMATION; NEGLIGENCE
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TRADE AND COMMERCE — Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) and related legislation — consumer protection — misleading or deceptive conduct or false representations application of provisions to prescribed information providers — exceptions to exemptions — publication by media outlet pursuant to contract, arrangement or understanding with supplier of goods or services of that kind — “goods or services of that kind” — “contract, arrangement or understanding” — Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), ss 52, 65A, 65A(1)(a)(i), 65A(1)(a)(iii), 65A(1)(a)(v), 65A(1)(a)(vi), 65A(1)(a)(vi)(A) — Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Channel Seven Brisbane Pty Ltd, 691 character or attributes of conduct or representation — reliance, inducement and causation — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903 misleading or deceptive conduct generally — misleading or deceptive: what constitutes — share sale agreements —financial position of company — where statement founded on estimates — effect of pre- contractual representations — exercise of commercial judgment by sophisticated businessman — Fair Trading Act 1987 (NSW), s 42 — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903 particular cases — contracts generally — contractual documents — share sale agreements — statements supported by warranty — financial position of corporation — integers expressed as estimates — whether warranties breached by misrepresentation — Fair Trading Act 1987 (NSW), s 42 — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903 TRUSTS AND TRUSTEES — the cestui que trust — discretionary trusts — containing bare power of appointment — rights of objects — due consideration and administration — whether amounting to “property of parties to marriage or either of them” — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), s 4(1), 79(1) — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145 constitution and classification of trusts generally — implied trusts — constructive trusts — particular cases — defaulting fiduciary — mortgagee exercising power of sale — accounting for surplus — to puisne mortgagee — where guarantor had prior interest — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210
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WORKERS’ COMPENSATION — alternative rights against employer and/or third parties and consequences thereof — rights of an against third parties — rights of worker against third parties — recovery of compensation from worker or deduction of compensation from judgment for damages — prevention of double compensation — reduction in amount repayable by worker — “damages” recoverable reduced on account of worker’s contributory negligence — requirement for judicial finding of extent of contributory negligence — repayment “out of those damages” — reduction in recoverable amount “to the same extent” as reduction for contributory negligence — Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1965 (NSW), ss 9, 9(1)(b), 10(2) — Workers Compensation Act 1987 (NSW), ss 151Z, 151Z(1)(b) — Hickson v Goodman Fielder Ltd, 547 assessment and amount of compensation — amount of compensation during capacity — lump sum payments — permanent impairment and loss — Commonwealth — multiple injuries — determination of degree of permanent impairment — interpretation of “impairment” — damage to part of body — whole person impairment — relevance of pre-existing capacities — Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988 (Cth), ss 4(1), 24(1), 24(5) — Fellowes v Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Commission, 1113
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