S. T. Coleridge As a Lake Poet

Home , Greta Hall, Hartley Coleridge, Hymn Before Sunrise, To Fortune

. . C OLE'ID E A A LAKE P E S T G S O T .

BY N H ST T Y M. A HON . ER E AR LE COLERIDGE , . ,

’ I ONCE had the good fortune to meet at the Authors C ub the t W M t t t t l la e illiam orris , poe , prin er , ar is , t ar t . It t the furnisher , and socialis was owards f the S t was close of his li e , and keen , vigorous piri f t the af ec ed by near approach of mortal sickness , W t but not . I affec ed , changed or weakened hen came up to the table where he was already seated — his face buried in his hands he looked up and greeted me in this wise ' You r grandfather wrote

t but h - t a few perfec poems , as for t at old lake poe W w h I w not to the ords ort , he [ ill attempt give — ” exact wordsj he never wrote any poetry at all . I hardly think he c ould have meant what he said abou t Wordsworth ; if so (to adapt a phrase of ’ 'obert Browning s) the less William Morris he . h tt t Bu t he certainly did old , as his Kelmsco edi ion (now worth far more than its weight in silver) ’ f v t t , e w p ro es , ha only a few of Coleridge s poems a t t t the s t gems , are wor h preserving , and ha re may be Th I t t t allowed to perish . is is , hink , a supers i ion of — n dolon c olum nar um t the the moment a ei , a ghos of

- m arket . f orm idabl e bu t t t . T ue book , unsubs an ial r t not it is that between Coleridge in his early you h , 2 . . L L s T CO ERIDGE A S A AKE POET .

e t a t t , y inspired , and Coleridge his bes , or , again between Coleridge as a lyrical and Coleridge as a t t t t fix bu t th e drama ic poe , here is a grea gulf ed ; t t the u t t t t t v ru h , nrhe orical ru h , is ha o er and above the half - dozen gems of the first water there are more than fifty others which have not perished in the h t the c t t . t e dus Take selec ions , handiwork of ri ics ’ t ‘ and poets . Mr . Swinburne s ale of Lyrical and ’ Imaginative P oems numbers 48 Mr . Andrew ’ Lang s Selections from Coleridge numbers 8 3 Mr . ’ S topf ord Brooke s Golden Book of Coleridge con tt ’ t tains 84 ; and Dr . C arne s Poe ry of Samuel Taylor — t Coleridge over 1 00 pieces . A fter I am quo ing tt to t — t from a le er his bro her George , af er he had snapped his squeaking baby - trumpet of ” “ t —or u t it l e t to the sedi ion , as Byron p , ” t its t — to Morning Pos aris ocracy , Coleridge used t t t — t t t — u t main ain ha heads ha is , vo ers m s be

not t . I weighed , coun ed Here and now will say t t t but it t t no hing abou vo ers , is undoub edly rue t t t not t ha poems mus be weighed , coun ed ; and it is but to answer the critics according to their criticism that I have laboured this question of — — numbers of quantity rather than quality before asserting that it is only in seven or eight poems that Coleridge betrays the fact that he was a t d the , t t i weller among moun ains ha as Lamb has t, ” he lived in Skiddaw . And ye t he was familiar — with almost the whole of the Lake District second o nly to Wordsworth in a general knowled ge of its the — main features . For few years four or ﬁ ve — at most if his long absences are omitted which he d t ivided be ween Keswick and Grasmere , he read , . . OL DG A S L KE O s T C ERI E A A P ET . 3

t t t m t learn , marked , and ook in o his in os soul

f t m odiﬁc a every ef ec of sunshine or of shade , every t t t t ion of ou line of ridge or peak , every accen ua ion , — t the the every undula ion of foreground moss , t the at t the s ones , puddles his fee , glimmer and

the the gloom of silver and ebon on surface of lakes , the t t the t the pagean ry of mis and cloud , ligh , th th t t h e e t e . colour , magic , enchan men of hills t the the He was fulﬁlled wi h vision , and record

— an —t remains unique , a marvellous record, rans bu t t ﬁgured , indeed , by genius , , wi h rare and brief

t t t t . excep ions , un ransla ed in o song But before I touch upon the Keswick poems I ’ must dwell upon one or two incidents of Coleridge s tt at t e earlier years before he se led Gre a Hall , b fore the t t t t riumvira e Wordswor h , Sou hey , and Coleridge ki t were grouped together and nicknamed L a s s . I t the I can throw no pic ures on screen , have no — magic lantern only the dim and intermittent — bu t t to the d I lantern of speech , , hanks recor , can for a few brief moments bring you within speaking t — t t distance of one who wro e as he spoke ha is , when out — press and publisher were of his ken , and for the sake of the text you must bear with and forgive the commentary . It must be borne in mind that a love of mountain

the t t scenery , admira ion for precipi ous crags and wide stretches of barren hillside , was a new fashion , ’

t t t . t hardly as ye a reali y in Coleridge s you h Whi e , “ the of Selborne , describes Sussex Downs as a “ t t n F or chain of majes ic moun ai s , and adds , my own part I think there is something peculiarly sweet and amusing in the shapely ﬁgured aspect of 4L . . L DG E s T CO ERI E As A LAK POET .

t t t chalk hills in preference o hose of s one , which are ’ t t t el e s s . rugged , broken , abrup , and shap Even ha was It w a s the a novel and daring sentiment . champaign —the t t d smiling plain , rich , cul iva ed lan s , park , and — forest which appealed to the lover of the picturesque th t t in e eighteenth century . The ﬁrs moun aineer who climbed a dark brow for the sake of climbing

I the t t the was , believe , poe Pe rarch , who ascended

Mons Veaf ztosus the t I in sou h of France ; and he , if t tt remember arigh , made a considerable splu er over the not t . job , and was impressed by wha he saw Mountains were by no means ﬂattered in the brave t w days of old ; hey ere miscalled cruel, savage ,

the t t . horrible , perilous abodes of mys ery and error ” v 1 80 7 t “ t E en in , long af er The Bro hers and Michael had appeared in the second edition of the ’ t t Lyrical Ballads , a learned and fashionable poe as er , h t e R . l to the ev Thomas Maurice , appealed successfu ly public taste by his p oem on Richmond Hill ; and it was not till Scott poured forth his romantic poems t and poe ical romances , and Byron , dosed , as he said , f t t t t “ rd r h by Shelley, imi a ed and in erpre ed o sw o t in t t ” t t his magniﬁcen Third Can o of Childe Harold, ha the average Briton yielded to the enchantment of

a n d burn and peak , of moor and crag fell . ’ Coleridge s ﬁrst experience of mountain scenery was the 1 794 t in summer o'f , when , in company wi h a college friend, one oseph Hucks , he made a tour

t t the t t t IVal on foo hrough grea er par of Nor h e s . His heart and head were full to overﬂowing with thoughts and feelings of a vivid and personal nature t t of republican and socialis ic no ions , equality and t t t v fra erni y ; of his los lo e , Mary Evans , whom he . . OLE D G As 5 s T C RI E A LAKE POET .

t t t at caugh sigh of , he says , acciden ally Wrexham and

tt t t t to the his le ers con ain one ribu e , and only one , t h scenery hrough whic he was passing . He was on Ll an unno to B his way from g g ala, and he describes ” the t t It las welve miles as sublimely beautiful . h ot . I t was scorchingly applied my mou h , ever and n to the the t ano , side of rock , and sucked in draugh s t t of wa er cold as ice , and clear as infan diamonds in t heir embryo dew . The rugged and stony clefts are t and t t t t s upendous , in win er form ca arac s mos astonishing ; now there is just enough sun - glittering

t t to t not to t the wa er dashed over hem soo he , dis urb ’ ”

t th . ear . I slep by e side of one an hour or more t A t 1 79 6 Two years la er , in ugus , , he was in Derby “ t the t I shire , and visi ed hrice lovely vale of lam , t t t at its a vale hung wi h woods all round , excep jus t t t the t t entrance . I is wi hout excep ion mos beau iful t place I ever saw . Derbyshire had supplan ed A the Wales . year goes by , and he becomes neigh

bour and intimate friend of Wordsworth . The

O the t following passage in sorio , original draf of ” R t I t to d e s c ri emorse , mus , surmise , be raced a p tion of Thirlmere and L aney Beck which had been given him by Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy A t any rate it ﬁts that exquisite scene as it was before the ancient watermarks were obliterated by the Manchester Reservoir

’ m You can t m istake . It is a s all green dale

t w t off - Buil all around i h high, sloping hills , And from its shape our peasants aptly call it ’ ’ m t . The Gian s Cradle There s a lake in the idst, h And round its banks tall wood t at branches over, And m akes a kind of fairy forest grow 6 s . OL DG O T . C ERI E As A LAKE P ET .

t Down in the wa er . At the further end A puny cataract falls on the lake, And there (a curiou s sight) you see its shadow m For ever curling, like a wreath of s oke ,

Up through the foliage of those fairy trees . I quote these lines because they were written by Coleridge two years before he set foot in Westmore t t t t t 1 79 7 t land , and hey show ha by his ime ( ) hear and eye were prepared for the revelation which

to and t to he was receive himself , , in urn , make t t it t manifes o others . Hitherto migh have been t to the said of mankind generally , wi h regard ﬁner t t a t t t percep ion of Na ure in her wilder spec s , ha ” having eyes they saw not .

t to t t t t Las ly, we come ha ex raordinary predic ion which Coleridge uttered over the cradle of his ﬁrst t a t l t born , Har ley , predic ion which was fulﬁl ed bo h

the t t h in spiri and o t e letter . The lines occur in ” t at t tt Fros Midnigh , which was wri en in February, 1 79 8 t wa s n to v , whils he livi g and likely li e in

t two a t Somerse shire , years and a h lf before he ook t up his quar ers at Keswick .

I was re a red ’ m id dim In the great city, pent cloisters ,

And saw nought lovely but the sky and stars .

thou m z But , y babe, shalt wander like a bree e l By akes and sandy shores , beneath the crags Of ancient m ountains a n d beneath the clouds Which im age in their bulk both lakes and shores

And m ountain crags . So shalt thou see and hear The lovely shapes and sounds intelligible Of that eternal language which thy God U m h tters, who fro eternity dot teach m m . Hi self in all, and all things in Hi self . . OL D G A O s T C ERI E As A L KE P ET . 7

Y et one more experience of mountaineering was to t befall Coleridge before he ben his steps northward . ’ I 1 79 9 at the n May, , close of a nine months residence

a - t - in Germany , he joined par y of his fellow students at the University of Gottingen on a three days ’ tour the t t in Har z moun ains . He gives a detailed account

the t the the of peculiar fea ures of scenery, of which following remarkable sentence may be taken as a sample The valley or basin into which we look

the R — t t the down is called Wald auschenbach ha is , Valley of the Roaring Brook ; and roar it did most solemnly . Now again is nothing but ﬁr and ' th e pine above , below, around us How awful is deep u nison of their undividable murm ur ; what a one — thing it is it is a sound that impresses the deep

t the O t I t the no ion of mnipresen . n various par s of deep vale below us we beheld little dancing water f t the alls gleaming hrough branches , and now , on our

t the t the u s lef hand , from very summi of hill above , a powerful stream ﬂung itself do wn leaping and not foaming , and now concealed , and now concealed ,

- the ﬁr - t t t s and now half concealed by rees , ill oward the road it became a Visible sheet of water within whose immediate neighbourhood no pine could have t permanen abiding place . The snow lay every

on the the where sides of roads, and glimmered in

t the t t company wi h wa erfall foam , snow pa ches and water breaks glimmering through the branches on the the the hill above , deep basin below , and hill ” t t the t opposite . Tha is a forecas of elabora e de

ri tions and t s s c p of lakes moun ains , roads and wall and cottages with which he ﬁlled his note - books after t to t t he came o Keswick and began ake long , soli ary 8 . L DG A E E . s T . CO ERI E As A L K PO T

t walks . He had become by this time a minu e observer and careful recorder of scenic effects . Four nt t t mo hs af er his re urn from Germany , in November , 1 79 9 , Coleridge , companioned and guided by Words

t t the the t t wor h , walked hrough whole of Lake Dis ric ,

t Hawe s water at Eu s em ere beginning wi h and ending , at the t Ull e swater t the the foo of , hen residence of

t t . emancipa ionis , Thomas Clarkson There is an t t t t especial in eres in his ﬁrs commen s on Keswick,

he en r oute t n which passed for Lor o , where he saw “ a yew prodigious in size and complexity of number

It ﬁin s t t less branches . g i self on one side en irely over the its t river , branches all verging wa erwards over — the ﬁ eld on its branches names nu mberless carved ;

the a lto some of names , being grown up , appear in — r eli eve perhaps the earliest mention of the Pride

t to t t of Lor on Vale , Which his day s ands single in ” the t O its it t . mids f own darkness , as s ood of yore (So wrote Wordsworth in 1 8 03 ; a guide - book of

1 7 8 0 does not mention it . ) He is writing from Ouse a t the t Bridge foo of Bassenthwaite . From the

the th e the window of inn we overlook whole of lake ,

t t t the a simple majes y of wa er and moun ain , and in distance the bank (Skiddaw Dodd) rising like a

and the t the wedge , in second dis ance crags of t Derwentwater . Wha an effect of th e shades in the t O the t the t wa er n lef conical shadow , on he right the t a square of splendid black , all in ermediate area

r e ﬁ e étin —bu a mirror g dark and sunny cloud , t in the distance a black promontory with a circle of m elted t n i t . silver , and a pa h of silver runni g from The ” the t t t snowy Borrowdale is seen in far hes dis ance . A t his t gain, a few days la er, on re urn from . . OL DG O s T C ERI E As A LAKE P ET . 9

Wastd al e tt , when he is qui ing Keswick , he describes the the '“ view from Druidical circle Before me , t the t t owards Keswick , moun ains s and one behind the t o her in orderly array, as if evoked by, and

tt t to th - e t t . a en ive , assembly of whi e ves ed wizards That is an image which would only have occurred to a poet . He assumes that the place was a t the t sanc uary , scene of magic ri es and ceremonies , ” and as he observes the assembly of fantastic

Grise dal e R peaks , Pike , and Causey Pike , and ed t the Pike , and so on , which fall in o line one behind t to t t t o her, he feigns himself ha hese shapes and forms had been summoned out of nothingness and marshalled into orderly array by the white surpliced Druids who ministered at the central altar

within the circling shrine of stones . On the same day that he turned to look at

“ Did, Keswick Hill he made his way, Threlkeld and tt to G owbarrow w d Ma erdale , , here anced and dance t the the daffodils . The descrip ion of scene which m et his view on his descent from Ull e swater has

been transcribed from his MS . diary , and will be

new to all who are present . There were no phono 1 799 e t t his graphs in , and y Coleridge spoke in o

- t i n note books , and hey do a very real fashion give

out and give back his thoughts after many days . t t t Faint pencil scrawls hough hey be , hey reproduce the scene as it was in the eye of a beholder whose ”

t . I eye was full of ligh have come , he says , “ suddenly on Ull e swater ; a little below Place Fell t t there is a s re ch , a large slice of silver, and above

ruffledn e s s the t this a bright , work of some a omic —m t the t sp ortivicult o es in sunbeams , or vor ices of 1 0 s . T . COLERIDGE As A LAKE POET .

t ﬂies . And how shall I describe the opposi e bank — ' and the waters below a mass of fused silver

Y too its s t - wet onder house , , la es rain and silver in the its n t the sunshine , shadows run ing down in o t wa er like a column . But I have omitted the tw o island - rocks in the lake ; the one seems to me like wine in the glassy but the t shadow , far removed from dazzle , and qui e — it t — conspicuous . The sun being pas noon hangs the t t but over lake , clouded , so ha any a weak eye

t it the t t migh gaze on , clouds being in par brigh t and t t t whi e , par , wi h isle s of blue sky, dusky and full of rain . Now the scene changes ; what tongues of light shoot out of the banks 'We visited Aj r a Force ; the chasm is very ﬁne Violet - coloured

t as t t beeches , and haw horns big as fores rees , and t w a prickle wi h berries as red as red ﬂowers , gro

at . t the close hand The higher par of fall , where the tw o t t t t t s reams run a hwar each o her , is a hing to itself ; bu t where the wheel - part is broken it

t f t the spreads i sel in o a muslin apron , and whole waterfall looks like a long - waisted giantess slipping Bu t . the d down on her back on bri ge , where you see

the it the only wheel , is very ﬁne ; waters circum

t t - volve wi h a comple e half wheel . We gain the road t t the t th ha runs along by lake , and hrough e branches of the pine trees which grow along the margin the tt t we glimpse bare kno y cliff opposi e , and its ” t the the shadow which lies so sof on bosom of lake . the but tt t Thus much diary , in a le er o Dorothy he sums up his impressions of the Lake Country generally .

You , t I t can feel wha canno express for myself, s 1 1 . T . COLERIDGE As A LAKE POET . how deeply I have been impressed by a world of A t scenery absolutely new to me . Rydal and Gras

I I t the t t et mere received , hink , deepes deligh ; y H awe swater t t , hrough many a varying view , kep my t t the eyes dim wi h ears ; and , evening approaching , t t d t t Derwen wa er , in iversi y of harmonious fea ures , the t its t the t its in majes y of beau ies , and beau y of t the majes y , and black crags close under the t t snowy moun ains , whose snows were pinkish wi h the tt the t the se ing sun , and reﬂec ions from rich clouds which ﬂoated over some and rested upon t t o hers 'It was o me a vision of a fair country . Why were you n ot with us P There is something delightful and mysterious in the t — the t t beginning of hings founda ion of a ci y , a

t t t t the t socie y, or an ins i u ion , bir h of a race or nation In the beginning God created the heavens ” the t be innin s t and ear h , and in all g g here is a sense a to of hope and promise , a freshness as of P radise , t t which , as ime goes on , we look back wi h a kind of t t t . longing wonder, of loving in eres The ﬁrs years t ht t it of the nineteenth cen ury broug for h , may be , t greater things than a new school of poe ry , a heightened and a deepened sense of natural scenery ; t it t t u t t to s ill, is bo h ins r c ive and deligh ful look back to and realise the beginnings of thoughts and feelings which have leavened and lightened the heads and hearts of succeeding generations . The walking tour with Wordsworth in 1 799 was ’ no doubt a factor in Coleridge s determination to follow Wordsworth ’ s example and settle near him in A n ' 1 800 the Lake Country . ccordi gly , in une , , he brought his wife and four - year - old Hartley to Words 1 2 s . . T COLERIDGE As A LAKE POET .

’ — t tt at a tt wor h s co age Town End , Grasmere , co age

the I but which had formerly been Dove nn , was not known to Wordsworth or Coleridge as Dove Cottage and a month later he took up his quarters a t t Greta Hall . To southern ears Gre a Hall has a t t bu t tt t the s a ely sound , , as a ma er of fac , new home was a se t of half - furnished lodgings in a house t ' newly buil by a carrier named William ackson , ’ the t the t mas er of Benjamin , hero of Wordswor h s It t Waggoner . was an ideal home for a poe , and at t t a t t the e ni u s l oc i firs , and for a ime leas , g con strained and inspired his fitful and inconstant muse . The autumn of 1 800 brought forth the second part t t tt of Christabel . The firs par had been wri en

t two a t t t more han years before Ne her S owey , where Wordsworth and Coleridge wandered together over the green slopes and romantic coombes of the ” t it u anto c ks . U A Q nlike The ncien Mariner , had t t n not remained unﬁnished , and for ha reaso had ‘ been included in the ﬁrst edition of the Lyrical ’

t 1 79 8 . A Ballads , published in Sep ember, second t t edi ion was now being projec ed , and if only Christabel might be kept within due limits and t t finished in ime here would be joy at Grasmere . A the t it t s fa es would have , Chris abel grew and — ut n t t It grew b grew o o a close . was running up — to 1 800 t t to the lines bid fair, ha is , be on scale of 1 300 lines (for it never reached more than half that — . t 1 8 1 6 at number) and so remained in MS ill , in , ’ t t Lord Byron s sugges ion and hrough his influence , ” t and a s his wild original poem , he was half quizzed — f or c allin it, t a t _ g was published as a fragmen ale the t t th half told . Half fragmen belongs o e South ; 1 . 3 . OL DG A K O s T . C ERI E As LA E P ET but the t t t second par bears races , hough superficial ’ t t t t to the races only, of Coleridge s recen in roduc ion scenery of the Lake District . The opening lines of Part II must have been suggested by a walk to Great Langdale which he took with Wordsworth in ' 1 800 . t n o t . uly , Wordswor h , doub , was guide For I ” his dle Shepherd Boys , or Dungeon Ghyll ” t tt n the Force , mus have been conceived and wri e in lambing season of 1 800 while Coleridge entered

n t - t the Dungeon Ghyll in his o e book , and ske ched bridge of rock in the height of summer ; and it was not till the following September that Christa h bel revisited the glimpses of t e moon .

E m the t ach atin bell, Baron sai h,

Knells us back to a world of death .

These words Sir Leoline ﬁrst said, When he rose and found his lady dead The se words Sir Leoline will say

Many a m orn to his dying day . the m And hence custo and law began, t t Tha s ill at dawn the sacristan ,

Who duly pulls the heavy bell, Five - and - forty heads m ust tell — a Between each stroke warning knell, Which not a soul can choose but hear

From Bra tha Head to Wyn derm e re .

the l e t I S aith Bracy bard, So it knell And l et the drowsy sacristan Still count as slowly as he can I There is no lack of such, ween,

As well ﬁll up the S pace between . In Langdale P ike and Witch’ s Lair And Dungeon Ghyll so foully rent

With ropes of rock and bells of air , ’ s a re Three sinful sextons gho ts pent , 14 . OL G A . s T . C ERID E As LAKE POET

’ Who all give back one after t other The death note to their living brother too f And oft , , by the kn'ell of ended , Just as their one two three is ended, The devil m ocks the doleful tal e

With a m erry peal from Borrowdale .

Here is the key in the pencilled note Stand to th t l o e to the to e righ hand c s bellying rock , so as

the to the t the t see p of wa erfall , highes of whose parallelograms is faced with ferns ; daylight in the wet rock ; the arch right above the little imitation of the great waterfall (connections in nature) between th e arch and the great waterfall an arch t — the t of rees hollies , ash , and birch s ream widens

t to it from a foo a yard and a half , as widens varying from a vivid white to a b l a ck through all the intermediate shades . The second arch di vi ded the t t t from ﬁrs by a huge na ural bridge , one vas boulder c ontignate d to the tw o sides by rocks small h and pendulous . Plumy ferns on t e side and over the second pool ; on the left side the light umbrella ” It of a young ash . is a th ousand to one that t t t Coleridge knew bes (and , as sain s and heologians may dare to speak lightly and gaily of sacred things with a blameless audacity which would be reckoned

t the to o the profani y in profane , so , , poet may sport with the mu se) bu t I am half tempted to say of this jocular episode of the devil and the three ” I I it n ot t . But sex ons would , would were here ,

t t the the - cri icism apar , comparison of note book with the poem is most interesting . For in a ﬁfth ’ t t t - to the edi ion of Wes s ﬁrs guide book Lakes, dated only seven years before Coleridge made his S . T . OL DG AS A O 1 5 C ERI E LAKE P ET .

t t t t no e and ske ch , here is no men ion of Dungeon — G . it an u t hyll Think of ndiscovered , unexploi ed , t un ouristed Dungeon Ghyll 'And there was the sacred bard t o enrol it amongst famous water ’ springs Siloa s brook that ﬂowed Fast bv the ” ’ t oracles of God , and Bandusia s Foun , dear to the t Horace , and S reams of Dove consecrated to an — the - h t unknown goddess half idden viole Lucy . A at the the t gain , close of second par , when Sir Leoline dispatches Bard Bracy on a mission to Lord R Tr erm ain oland de Vaux , of y e ' Ho Bracy the bard, the charge be thine m Go thou, with usic sweet and loud, t t And take two steeds wi h rappings proud, ’ And take the youth whom thou lov st best th To bear y harp and learn thy song, A n d t m clothe you bo h in sole n vest, m t And over the oun ains haste along .

Irthin And when he has crossed the g Flood, m My erry bard he hastes, he hastes , ’ U K H a l e a rth p norren Moor, thro g Wood , And reaches soon that castle good t ’ Which s ands and threatens Scotland s wastes .

l no t the t t but These p aces are in Lake Dis ric , away to the north in Gilsland . I am not certain t t t whe her Coleridge ever was so far nor h , or whe her he picked the names out of some old map or county ’ t — to wit his ory Nicholson and Burns , , which he owned and annotated— found amongst his landlord ’ s

Hal e arth I not odd volumes . g Wood have been

to t but Irthin able race , Knorren Moor and g Flood

T r rm ain e are certainly in or near Gilsland . ye is a t to the barony of Gilsland, and , s range say , near 1 6 s . T . COLERIDGE As A LAKE P OET .

’ ' C ra w a reputed site of the castle is the Witch s g haunted S pot which may have suggested to Coleridge to the assumed relationship of the witch Geraldine I the R T r e rm aine . n Lord oland de Vaux , of y t t ta the c asm ﬁrs par , when Chris bel had stolen from t the by midnigh , and was kneeling beneath old oak

“ tree wrapped in prayer for the weal of her lover ’ ” t t the t ha s far away, wi ch Geraldine , richly clad t and beau iful exceedingly, approached her and

to he r t to began weave spells , hinking enmesh in t unholy mystery the soul of the spotless maiden . Wha ’ was her motive 'Had she caught sight of Christabel s ” t t to win lover , who was far away , and hough him ’ for herself 'Had Christabel s lover been a llured

it w a s t the by her unholy charms and hence , wi h ola iro o a nc e t t y of fear and love , ha she had dreams ” “ all yesternight of her own betrothed kni ght ' Perhaps such curious speculations a re a rash and irreverent intrusion into poetic mysteries beyond our ken ; b ut it is pleasant to think that Sir Leoline at t at f lived Langdale , and h his old riend and foe , R l h Lord oland de Vaux , lived in Gi sland , t e further side of the Irthing Flood ; and to guess that Geraldine

’ t t the t th e IVitc h migh s ill be found in clef s of s Crag . And now I fear I must inﬂict upon you a brief table of contents I t —O t 1 8 02 n Sep ember c ober , , Coleridge published in the Morning Post eight of his greater poems . They appeared in the following order The ’ t the R t c c Pic ure , or Lover s esolu ion ; (2 ) The Hymn before Sunrise at Cham ounix ; (3) “ The 4 t Keepsake ; ( ) The Good Grea Man ; (5) “ I t t the The nscrip ion for a Foun ain on Heath ;

1 8 L DG A s . T . CO ERI E As LAKE POET .

Sheds its loose purple bells , or on the gust, Or when it bends ben eath the u p - springing lark

- h Or m ountain ﬁ nc h alig ting . And the rose m Stands like so e boasted beauty of past years ,

The thorns rem aining and th e ﬂowers all gone .

The place is surely an upland valley or mountain — “ t - t bottom . The bela ed hay crop edded (a Mil tonic word which Coleridge had already made his t out t t own) , edded , spread in hin discoloured swa hs t t to O t would s rike a Sou herner, whom hay in c ober t the c was s range enough ; while foxglove , whi h blooms

t the t the - t its t la e in Nor h , and rose bush wi h scarle t t n wet haws , are familiar sigh s by rivule or spri g or ” h t t . t e m the t roadside This is la e au u n of Nor h , “ ” t t t and more beau iful wi h lingering frui s foliage , exuberant in comparison with the drouthy and dis t t t coloured af ergrow h of a Sou hern summ er .

the t 1 800 to To au umn of belong , o , The ” t t ” S ranger Mins rel and The Mad Monk , poems tt to the t R wri en and for poe ess Mary obinson , t t t t t ” ha boas ed beau y of pas years , the once t t enchan ing Perdi a, now sick and dying We R know her face , for eynolds and Gain sborough R t and omney pain ed her (are not the counterfeit t t the t P presen men s in Her ford Gallery ) , and of her r t t t poo pi iful s ory we know more han enough . She t d had been elling Coleri ge she would dearly love to Skl dd aw look once more on , and he rejoins

t m Thou ancien Skiddaw, by thy hel of cloud

m - m And by thy any coloured chas s deep , h t And by t eir shadows hat for ever sleep, By yon sm all ﬂaky m ists that love to creep the e t Along dges of hose spots of light, . . A O E s T COLERIDGE As LAKE P T . 9

th m oot e e t Those sunny islands on y s h gr n heigh , 0 t S t t ancien kiddaw, by his ear, I I t t . would, would ha she were here

the t t Here , perhaps , in shadows ha for ever sleep , t not t t is a commen on , if an an icipa ion of, Words ’ worth s august image the sleep that is among the er a c cidens un lonely hills ; and here , p , is an “ conscious prophecy of those sunny islets of the t the t bles and in elligible , which Carlyle allowed were now and again distinguishable and distinct ’ amid the iridescent mists of Coleridge s transc en t den al monologue . “ The Mad Monk need not detain us save for one remarkable stanza which seems to have rested on ’ t t n — to Wordswor h s poe ic co sciousness and— have the - t t O given key no e of his grea harmony , The de o t Immortality . t m There was a i e when earth , and sea, and skies, ’ The t brigh green vale and forest s dark recess, With all things lay before m ine eyes

In steady loveliness . ” ' etc . But now,

the Here , surely , is germ of t m m t m There was a i e when eadow , grove, and s rea , th e m m t The ear , and ev ry co on sigh , To m e did seem ’ A a r el l d t pp in celes ial light, m The glory and the freshness of a drea .

It not e tc . is now,

3“ T ere i s too s o I a m n o m e d b m rie nd Mr . T . H u c ins on h , , i f r y y f t h , a rem arka ble c onfo rm ity o f the m e tric a l s c h e m e of The Ma d Monk ’ ’ m tr c al s c em e of W ord s wo r s l nes Tis s a id a s om e to th e e i h th i , th t have d e d fo r love w c w a s w it e n in 1800 - a oo how c a e ull i , hi h r t pr f r f y ’ l d d d Wo rds wo t s m e tr c al m e o ds s om e im e s C o eri g e s tu ie r h i th , t m vin u on m ado n s om e m es va n and s om etim e s o e . pti g , ti ryi g , i pr g p th 20 . A A . s T . COLERIDGE As L KE POET

“ ’ I t the R t which n The Pic ure , or Lover s esolu ion , f 1 8 0 2 the O belongs to the summer of , inﬂuence the mountain scenery on the entire consciou sness of ' r t n w iter is at its height . Here is a poe ic renderi g of one of his sketches or word - photographs

' t And hark the noise of a near wa erfall, I pass forth into light—I ﬁnd m yself Beneath a weeping birch (m ost beautiful t Of fores trees, the Lady of the Wood) , Hard by the brink of a tall weedy rock the That overbrows cataract . Here bursts The landscape on m y sight Two crescent hills t m Fold in behind each o her, and so ake

- m m A circular vale, and land locked, as ight see , d With brook and bri ge, and grey stone cottages ,

- m Half hid by rock and fruit trees . At y feet The whortleberries are bedewed with spray w Dashed upwards by the furious aterfall . How solem nly the pendent ivy - m ass the m Swings in its winnow all air is cal . m m m w t The s oke fro cottage chi neys, tinged ith ligh , m m Rises in colu ns fro this house above, C w m lose by the aterfall, the colu n slants, And feels its ceaseless bree z e

t The opening lines of his poem , Through weeds t tt I ” and horns and ma ed underwood force my way , be t ’ etc . t , may ci ed in corrobora ion of H a z litt s obs er vation that the numbers came to Coleridge ” when t his pa h was rough , when he was walking over t th uneven ground , or breaking hrough e straggling t branches of a copse or hey may be regarded as the

h . germ of t e reminiscence Characteristic anecdotes to the t the are dear hear of biographer and the t essayis , but they should be taken with two pinches of quali . . OL DG A O 2 1 s T C ERI E As LAKE P ET . f in t inc h and y g sal , a p of perhaps a pinch of ” sometimes .

I t two t t mus pass over exquisi e fragmen s , The ’ ” t to t tt Knigh s Grave , dear Sir Wal er Sco , and Lines suggested by a View of Saddleback On ’ t Bl en c artha s t I s ern perilous heigh which were , the t II conceive , sparks from anvil on which Par of Christabel was forged ; and proceed to two other

the t t tt at poems of firs magni ude wri en Keswick, t ' O A Dejec ion an de ( pril , and The Hymn A t O the t before Sunrise ( ugus , f firs and t th grea est I will say little . The imagery is of e h t valley and t e home . The larch hat pushes out in tassels green its bundled l e a fits (I quote from an t the t t early draf ) , peculiar in of yellow green in the t the t the t t wes ern sky , wild s orm , mad Lu anis t t O who in his mon h of showers , f dark brown gar ’ ’ Mak st dens and of peeping flowers , Devil s yule , fix t the n bu t not t t and presen seaso , are charac eris ic of t t t th the . bu e place We know, could hardly guess , ha h tt at t . O t e t poem was wri en Gre a Hall n o her hand , t to The Hymn before Sunrise , which purpor ed have at v not its been composed Chamouni , deri ed , indeed ,

the its sub stanc e but its form , or even whole of , passion its the t the and power , from en husiasm or possession , spiritual excitement aroused by a solitary walk on l It the t to t c af el . S is , as De Quincey was firs poin — — out an t t t of , expansion here and here a ransla ion a striking and admirable poem by Friederike Brun . t it t t t t t Coleridge sen , oge her wi h a fic i ious preface , h ‘ t ’ 1 802 t to t e Morning Pos in , and af erwards it t ‘ included by way of , or for wan of, copy in The ’ 1 809 1 8 1 7 it Friend in , and , finally , in published ' 22 L DG A s A L O P E . s . T . CO ERI E AKE T

’ I the t t t Sibylline Leaves . n ﬁrs wo ins ances an t the acknowledgmen of German source was , per t tt but t at haps , na urally omi ed ; , unless he had by h t it not ime forgotten that was all his own , he should 1 1 have added an explanatory note in 8 7 . De Quincey said that Coleridge had “ created the dry bones of ” the t t the German ou line in o fulness of life , and, t t t to hough he is some imes unjus Coleridge , here , ”

I t to the G t . believe , he is unjus erman ou line Be that as it may (and the ethic of plagiarism is ” d t t mn dry indeed) , Coleri ge wro e a magniﬁcen hy h . t e of praise His pencillings by way , which he ex ’ ande d t tt t to . t p in o a le er Mrs Wordswor h s sis er, t t Sara Hu chinson , and which she ranscribed in her

’ ’ t t t Kr‘ a s a el delica e handwri ing and lef as a ﬁy g , h supply t e clue . Only a few sentences have been published .

Wednes d a A tern oon ha l - a s t three y f , f p , “ A u u s t 4ih 1802 g , .

W a stdal e m w t , a ile and a half belo the foo of the lake, a t an alehouse without a sign, twenty strides from the h , t e m t m door under shade of a huge syca ore tree, withou y t— t t I n o w — coa but ha will put on in prudence, yes here am e n , m n m I and hav bee for so ethi g ore than an hour, and have enjoyed a good dish of tea (I carried m y tea and h m e sugar wit ) under this delightful tree . In the house m are only an old feeble wo an and a T a ll y e u r lad upon the

t h - table ; all the res of t e W a std a l e world 1 s a haym aking , f o i ﬁ 1 rejoicing, and thanking God this st downright sum m er t day hat we have had since the beginning of May .

S 1 st - On unday, August , half past twelve , I had a shirt t crava , two pairs of stockings, a little paper and half a ’ d z m V P m o en pins, a Ger an book ( oss oe s) , and a li le ea tt t , m t- m and sugar, with y nigh cap , packed up into y net the m knapsack ; and knapsack on y back, and the besom . A 2 s T . COLERIDGE As LAKE POET . 3 t m t tt s ick in y hand , which for wan of a be er, and in spite C of Mrs . and Mary , who both raised their voices against t the m the it, especially as I lef beso scattered on kitchen — ﬂ oor off 1 the hO - ﬁ el d sallied over bridge, through the p , ’ a e wl a n d s long into N .

He passed through Buttermere and so to Enner

t the t at the ' dale , where he s ayed nigh house of ohn th e . ' . Ponsonby , friend of his landlord , Mr ackson

On Monday evening the old m an went to the head of m m th the lake with e . The ountains at e head of this lake Wa std al e m — l and are the onsters of the country, bare b ack m heads , ever ore doing deeds of darkness, weather plots, and storm conspiracies in the Gl ou d s .

O h 4th W r n t e he reached a stwate .

m m — When I first ca e, the lake was a perfect irror and what m ust have been the glory of the reflections on it ' m er e n The huge facing of rock , said to be half a ile in p p di c ul ar t- height, with deep ravines and torren worn , except where the pink - striped Screes cam e in as sm ooth as silk fl all this re ected , turned into pillars , dells, and a whole ” world of im ages in the water .

t t t A t 5th . The nex en ry is da ed Thursday, ugus

S c af ell m I ascended by the side of a torrent, and cli bed t m and res ed , rested and cli bed , till I gained the very — sum m it believed by the shepherds here to be higher m ' than either Helvellyn or Skiddaw . Oh, y God m e e t what enorm ous m ountains there are close by , and y t C below the hill I stand on . Grea Gavel, Green rag,

the P t . and, behind, illar, hen the Steeple And here I — w am lounded s o fully louncl ed that though the ind is m strong and the clouds are hastening hither fro the sea, and the whole air seaward has a lurid look , and we shall — but t am c ertainly have thunder, yet here ( hat I hungered 24 s . . L DG A T CO ERI E As LAKE POET .

—h r and provisionless) e e I could be warm and wait, ’ m t - m e hinks, for to orrow s sun and on a nice stone table t t m m I a m now a his o ent writing to you , between two ’ — and three o clock as I guess , surely the ﬁrst letter ever ll w a written from the top of S c af e . But O hat look down — just under m y feet 'The f rightf ull e st ravine huge per

endic ul ar . p precipices , and one sheep upon its only ledge

h t t Eskd al e whic h a f Then came t e descen in o , f orded matter for another tale .

“ m There is one sort of g a bling, he confesses, to which

I m m . a uch addicted . It is this When I turn to go down m a nd a ountain, I wander on , where it is ﬁrst possible to I descend, there go, relying on fortune for how far down this possibility will continue . So it was yesterday after noon . I slipped down and went on for a while with tolerable ease but now I cam e (it was m idw a y down ) to a m s ooth, perpendicular rock about seven feet high . This was

. m a n d nothing I put y hands on the ledge dropped down , and then another and another, but the stretching of the m m m uscles of y hands and ar s , and the jolt of the fall on m m m trem ble a n d y feet, put y whole li bs in a , I paused,

h a d and looking down, saw that I little else to encounter

. in but a succession of these little precipices It was, u tr th, a path that in very hard rain is , no doubt , the channel of a splendid waterfall . So I began to suspect

; u nf 0 1 tu na tel that I ought not to go on but then , y , though I could with ease drop downa sm ooth 1 ock seven feet high , m m , I could not cli b it so go o'n I ust , and on I went . I shook all over, Heaven knows without the least inﬂuence of fear and now had only wo m ore o drop down bu I t t , t m of these two the ﬁrst was tre endous . It was twice m y the m own height , and ledge at the botto was exceedingly m narrow, so if I dropped down upon it I ust of necessity m have fallen backward, and, of course, killed yself . I l a y m m upon y back to rest yself, and was beginning, according to m m to at m m m y custo , laugh yself for a ad an , when the

2 G A 6 . s . T COLERID E As LAKE POET .

th m t And ou, thou silent oun ain, lone and bare , m l ow When as I lift again y head, bowed

In adoration, I again behold, An d to thy sum m it upward from the base dim f t Sweep slowly with eyes su fused wi h tears, ’ m t m t s e e m st to Rise , igh y for ever as hou rise, Rise like a cloud of incense from the earth t m Thou kingly spiri throned a ong the hills,

Thou dread am bassador from earth to heaven . t e t t Grea Hi rarch ell hou the silent stars, the t the Tell blue sky, and ell rising sun, Earth with her thousand voices calls on God '

I v to to t t ha e endeavoured record and illus ra e , ’ t t to t t ra her han charac erise or cri icise , Coleridge s t t work as a Lake Poet . The cri icism of grea critics But is itself a work of art . when all is said and the t t t done , and exposi or has played his par o t the tt perfec ion , and summed up whole ma er in the t t t the oem t l mos brillian and cogen epigrams , p is s i l the t to t hing, which , be loved , mus be known in t t t and for i self, as hough here were no critics in the

. t not it no t world Poe ry is loved because is read , and it is not read because there are many things in it to t which are hard unders and . To know what the t to t the t poe knows , see wha poe sees , is the secret

to the t t a of being able feel as poe fel , nd so to partake of his genius . If we have so prepared our selves we shall listen to what ou r betters say of thei r tt to be ers , and we shall be able judge between t the the interpre er and prophet . O two t ne or ques ions , however, which demand special treatment spring out of the consideration of Coleridge as a Lake Poet . I can only touch upon It t t wa these . has been shown ha Coleridge s a more . A O . L 2 s T COLERIDGE As AKE P ET . 7

t not t par icular, if a more profound and more accura e t t observer of Na ure han Wordsworth . He was for ever tabulating and recording the m inu tiae as well as the t the sublimi ies of land and sky , and of face of the waters ; and yet he but seldom fused them into

pictures or compositions . Wordsworth was less care de m inim is and t the t t ful , was observan of spiri ra her Bu than the letter of Nature . t Nature was his — immediate teacher he was her constant and loyal

It not t . t servant . was so wi h Coleridge Wi h him t to the Na ure was a means an end, companion and the t the handmaid of imagina ion, informer and the the t inspirer of passion , and life whose foun ains It t t t are within . follows ha Wordswor h delivered t t t im his message as a poe , and ha Coleridge was

ell ed to otherwhere not t p go for his message , if fur her It — I not t it —a aﬁeld . may have been do hink was i It t t but t . frui less ques , surely was a noble one is often charged upon him that he forsook poetry for t t t t me aphysics , as hough he had delibera ely urned aside from the loftier and the purer to a lower and t t t unwor hy aim , or was urned aside in spi e of him t t to self . Some say ha his muse was lulled sleep t t t the by opium , and o hers ha Opium called up vision the t and inspired melody, and af erwards annulled t t them altogether . He says himself ha he sang “ ” t t for joy, and , lacking joy , was songless ha

the t the t poesy , shaping spiri of imagina ion , is a —not not t not function of bliss pleasure , mir h , even but t t happiness , of inward sa isfac ion , of a mind But t t t and heart at one . from wha ever visi a ion of the natural or the spiritual man he turned to ” not t t t abstruse research , he did forge ha he was a 2 8 . . A s T COLERIDGE As LAKE POET .

poet . It was in the spirit and the power of poetry that he suffered himself to be consumed with a t t I to t t the zeal for ru h , and make bold say ha world is the better and the wiser for his martyrdom . A no w I t not nd and again , doub , he was rewarded t ” wi h a vision of The Vision . Now and again , in those long night - watches between moonrise and t t t the t moonse , when he was wres ling wi h mys eries t w t of Being, he migh have exclaimed i h Sir Galahad

Ah , blessed vision blood of God t m My spirit bea s her ortal bars , the As down dark tides glory slides, And star - like m ingles with th e stars . . A s T COLERIDGE As LAKE POET . 29

O N TE .

n t The followi g summary of poems , ﬁrs published by S . T . Coleridge in newspapers and magazines ,

the t t - t e tc . has been compiled from no es , foo no es , , attached to the several poems in The Poetical and t ’ 1 8 7 7 Drama ic Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge , ,

t . . R . the vols i , ii (edi ed by H Shepherd) , and from notes to The Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor ’ 1 8 9 3 t ' Coleridge , (edi ed by ames Dykes Campbell) , and from numerous memoranda made in the course t t of personal inves iga ion and research . For a similar

t t t to enumera ion of poems con ribu ed newspapers , ’ t the th e c . e t , see Bibliography of Coleridge , by la e R t ichard Herne Shepherd , revised, correc ed, and 1 . 900 . enlarged by Colonel W . F Prideaux ,

’ i n r P oem s ﬁrs t p u bl is hed i n the C a m bri dge Inte ll ge ce .

’ 2 1 94 K m . 7 7 Lines written at the ing s Ar s, Ross Sept , 1 1 17 94 ' . . Absence a Farewell Ode , etc Oct , 2 5 1 94 . 7 Anna and Harland Oct , 1 1 94 . 7 Genevieve Nov , 17 17 96 a Yo un Man t . Lines addressed to g of For une Dec , 3 1 17 9 6 Ode for the Last Day of the Year Dec . , 6 17 98 m . P arlia entary Oscillators Jan ,

’ rn n hr ni c P oem s ﬁrs t p u bli s hed i n the Mb i g C o le .

1 9 t . 7 7 3 To For une Nov , 2 17 94 m Aken sid e . 3 Elegy im itated fro Sept , 2 17 94 E a t t . 7 pitaph on an Inf n Sep , 3 0 s . T . COLERIDGE As A LAKE POET .

S onn ts a r rs e on E m inen t Ch a c te .

the E To Hon . Mr . rskine Burke P riestley La Fayette Kosciusko P itt h To t e Rev . W . L . Bowles

Mrs . Siddons To William Godwin To Robert Southey

' . To . B Sheridan To Lord Stanhope

3 0 17 94 To a Young Ass Dec . ,

‘ ’ P oem s rs t u bli s hed in the Morni n P os t ﬁ p g . To an Unfortunate Wom an at the 7 1 9 . 7 7 Theatre Dec , ' m 12 1 9 . 7 7 Melancholy a Frag ent Dec , m ' Fire, Fa ine, and Slaughter a War E 8 1 . 7 98 clogue Jan , 8 17 98 The Old Man of the Alps March , ' 10 17 98 The aven March ,

y esbia, le us ove and ive 1 1 17 98 M L t L L April , ’ L e wti C C , or he ircassian s ove han 13 17 9 8 t L t April , Recanta ion (France) an Ode 1 6 17 98 t April , Moriens Superstiti The hour - bell ”

e tc . sounds, ) 10 17 98 May , 'ecantation illustrated in the Mad Ox July 3 0 17 98 , ’ - t . The British S ripling s War Song . 24 17 9 Aug , 9 ’

The evil s Though s . 6 1 D t Sept , 7 9 9 tt m E Lines wri en in he lbu a lbingerode ep . 1 7 1 t A t S t , 7 99 m C m ines co posed in a oncer oo ep . 24 17 L t R S t , 99 u . 9 1 To a Yo ng Lady Why need I say Dec , 7 99 t to of the d e t . 2 1 In roduc ion the Tale Dark La i Dec , 17 9 9 . . A L O s T COLERIDGE As AKE P ET . 3 1

to 24 1 99 . 7 Ode Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire Dec , C m C 2 5 17 99 A hrist as arol Dec . , to 10 1800 Talleyrand Lord Granville Jan . , a to 24 1800 Alc eus Sappho Nov . ,

S k el toni a d 2 1 1800 The Two Round Spaces a Dec . , th e 15 180 1 On Revisiting Sea Shore Sept . , 4 1 De c . 80 1 Ode to Tran'uillity , ’ P the t 6 1802 The icture, or Lover s Resolu ion Sept . , m 1 1 1802 Hy n before Sunrise Sept . , K k 1 1802 . 7 The eepsa e Sept , Inscription on a Jutting Stone over a 24 1802 t . Spring Sep , 4 1 2 ' . . 80 Dejection an Ode Oct , ’ w to C 16 1802 Ans er a hild s Questions Oct . , n 14 1802 ' t . France an Ode (repri ed) Oct ,

- m 19 1802 The Day drea Oct . ,

‘ ’ r d in orn n Ep igr a m s ﬁ s t p u blishe the M i g P os t. ’ 2 1 9 th e N . 7 8 To Lord Mayor s ose Jan , “ ’ ” 2 m . 1 9 8 e tc . 7 On Deputy ( By any a booby s, ) Jan ,

- 4 1 98 C . 7 To a Well known Musical ritic Jan , ’ ” 2 1 9 9 A u . 7 7 m a sk d m . Na es I y fair, etc ) g , t 7 17 99 V . On a Reader of His Own erses Sep , 23 17 9 9 'im t V . wri es his erses Sept , 14 17 9 9 t te a . Doris can ﬁnd no aste in Nov , 16 1 99 . 7 Jack drinks Fine Wines Nov , ’ t t . 1 2 17 9 9 Wha rise again wi h all one s bones Dec ,

P e . 24 1800 To Mr . y Jan , “ 18 180 1 Song ( Ye Drinkers of Stingo Sept . , 22 180 1 S t . Epitaph 0 11 a Bad Man ep , 1 u s t . 2 5 180 Drinking o ers Thinking Sep ,

tw t . 2 6 180 1 The Devil Ou it ed Sept , 1 0 1 th e . 1 8 The Wills of Wisp Dec , 1 6 180 1 To a certain Modern Narcissus Dec . , “ 16 180 1 t t . To a Critic ( Mos candid cri ic Dec , ’ Always Audible (“ P ass under Jac k s ” 19 180 1 window ) Dec . , 32 s . T . COLERIDGE As A LAKE POET .

P ondere non num ero Friends should be ” 2 6 180 1 weighed ) Dec . , ’ 2 6 180 1 To Wed a Fool Dec . , 1 8 0 2 E m . 2 3 Original pigra s, Lot I Sept , What is an epigram Charles Grave or Merry E ’ An vil Spirit s on Thee, Friend Here Lies the Devil

t t e tc . P e c . To One Who ublished, Two hings, ) Scarce any Scandal ’ H ow s el d om , Friend

Reply to above . Old Harpy To a V ain Young Lady 2 1 2 . 7 80 P m . A Hint to re iers Three Truths, etc ) Sept , “ Westphalian Song ( When this m y true ” 2 7 1 02 . 8 love , etc . ) Sept , 2 1 2 m m e . 8 0 Fro , Aurelia Oct , ’ - 2 1 0 2 C . 8 For a House dog s ollar Oct , ' 2 1 V I . 8 02 In ain praise thee, oilus Oct , E 9 1 2 O c t . 8 0 pitaph on a Mercenary Miser , E m 1 1 1 2 . 80 Original pigra s , Lot II Oct , A Dialogue between an Author and his Frien d

o o o bia m w g , or Wisdo and Folly Each Bond Street Buck From an Old Germ an P oet C C m t On the urious ircu s ance, etc . Spots on the Sun

h u . W en S rface Talks, etc — On m y Candle the Farewell Epigram

’ P oem s rs t ubli s hed i n The C ouri er ﬁ p .

E 1 6 18 The xchange April , 04

to . 1 2 18 Farewell Love Sept , 0 6

S t . 10 18 0 To Two is ers Dec , 7

34 s . . . . T 0 0 LEEIDGE As A LAKE POET

’ ‘ S ouveni r . P oem s ﬁrs t p ublis hed in T he Litera ry

‘ n e n a l i ll s Li es suggested by the Last Words of Be r g Epitaphium Te sta m e nta rium Youth and Age What is Life

P oem s ﬁrs t p u bli s hed i n

Youth and Age (e t ri de s up ra ) The Two Fountains Work without Hope The Wanderings of C ain

‘ ’ P oem s rs t u bli s hed i n m ﬁ p The A u le t. The Im provisatore Three Scraps Love ’ s Burial P lace The B utterﬂy A Thought suggested by a V iew of Saddleback

‘ ’ P oem s rs t u blis hed in The Kee sa ke ﬁ p p . Epigram s ’ There c om es from Old Avaro s Grave Swans Sing before they Die The Garden of Boccaccio

ezc im rovi s o P Song p , On hearing a Song in raise of ’ ” not the a Lady s Beauty lily brow,

e tc . ) ’ . a nd The P oet s Answer, etc Love, Hope, P a tience in Education . . 5 s T COLERIDGE As A LAKE POET . 3

‘ ’ P oem s ﬁrs t p u bli s hed in F ri ends hip s Oﬁ eri ng

M t m t y Bap is al Bir hday . m t the m P t P m Frag en s of Wreck of Me ory or, or ions of oe s com posed in Early Manhood 1 m t o E . . Hy n the arth 2 E m . m t tt a nglish Hexa e ers, wri en during Te porary Blindness

m m t Ex m liﬁ e d . 3 . The Ho eric Hexa e er Described and e p 4 a E t exem . The Ovidi n legiac Me re described and liﬁ e d p . ’ Love s Apparition and Evanishm ent .

Lightheartednesses in Rhym e by S . T . C oleridge . 1 . The Reproof and Reply . ’

2 to . . In Answer a Friend s Question

3 m . . C Lines to a o ic Author, on an Abusive Review E t t E t m m An xpectora ion, or Splene ic x e pore on y Joyful Departure from the City of Cologne As I a m a m ” rhy er, “ E t t the C xpec ora ion Second ( In oln ,