Ciona Intestinalis
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Colonial Tunicates: Species Guide
SPECIES IN DEPTH Colonial Tunicates Colonial Tunicates Tunicates are small marine filter feeder animals that have an inhalant siphon, which takes in water, and an exhalant siphon that expels water once it has trapped food particles. Tunicates get their name from the tough, nonliving tunic formed from a cellulose-like material of carbohydrates and proteins that surrounds their bodies. Their other name, sea squirts, comes from the fact that many species will shoot LambertGretchen water out of their bodies when disturbed. Massively lobate colony of Didemnum sp. A growing on a rope in Sausalito, in San Francisco Bay. A colony of tunicates is comprised of many tiny sea squirts called zooids. These INVASIVE SEA SQUIRTS individuals are arranged in groups called systems, which form interconnected Star sea squirts (Botryllus schlosseri) are so named because colonies. Systems of these filter feeders the systems arrange themselves in a star. Zooids are shaped share a common area for expelling water like ovals or teardrops and then group together in small instead of having individual excurrent circles of about 20 individuals. This species occurs in a wide siphons. Individuals and systems are all variety of colors: orange, yellow, red, white, purple, grayish encased in a matrix that is often clear and green, or black. The larvae each have eight papillae, or fleshy full of blood vessels. All ascidian tunicates projections that help them attach to a substrate. have a tadpole-like larva that swims for Chain sea squirts (Botryloides violaceus) have elongated, less than a day before attaching itself to circular systems. Each system can have dozens of zooids. -
Phlebobranchia of CTAW
PHLEBOBRANCHIA PHLEBOBRANCHIA The suborder Phlebobranchia (order Enterogona) is characterised by having unpaired gonads present only on the same side of the body as the gut. As in Stolidobranchia, the body is not divided into different sections (such as thorax, abdomen and posterior abdomen) as the gut is folded up in the parietal body wall outside the pharynx and the large branchial sac occupies the whole length of the body. Usually the branchial sac (which is flat, without folds) has internal longitudinal vessels (although only vestiges remain in Agneziidae). Epicardial sacs do not persist in adults as they do in Aplousobranchia, although excretory vesicles (nephrocytes) embedded in the body wall over the gut are known to originate from the embryonic epicardium in Ascidiidae and Corellidae. Most phlebobranchs are solitary. However, Plurellidae Kott, 1973 includes both solitary and colonial forms, and Perophoridae Giard, 1872 are all colonial. Replication in Perophoridae is from ectodermal epithelium (rather than endodermal or mesodermal tissue the mesodermal tissue of the vascular stolon (rather than the endodermal tissue as in most as in Aplousobranchia). The process of replication has not been investigated in Plurellidae. Phlebobranch taxa occurring in Australia are documented in Kott (1985). Family level taxa are characterised principally by the size and form of the branchial sac including the number of branchial vessels and form of the stigmata; the form, size and position of the gonads; and the habit (colonial or solitary) of the taxon. Berrill (1950) has discussed problems in assessing the phylogeny of Perophoridae. References Berrill, N.J. (1950). The Tunicata. Ray Soc. Publs 133: 1–354 Giard, A.M. -
Cionin, a Vertebrate Cholecystokinin/Gastrin
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Cionin, a vertebrate cholecystokinin/gastrin homolog, induces ovulation in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A Tomohiro Osugi, Natsuko Miyasaka, Akira Shiraishi, Shin Matsubara & Honoo Satake* Cionin is a homolog of vertebrate cholecystokinin/gastrin that has been identifed in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A. The phylogenetic position of ascidians as the closest living relatives of vertebrates suggests that cionin can provide clues to the evolution of endocrine/neuroendocrine systems throughout chordates. Here, we show the biological role of cionin in the regulation of ovulation. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the mRNA of the cionin receptor, Cior2, was expressed specifcally in the inner follicular cells of pre-ovulatory follicles in the Ciona ovary. Cionin was found to signifcantly stimulate ovulation after 24-h incubation. Transcriptome and subsequent Real-time PCR analyses confrmed that the expression levels of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling genes and a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene were signifcantly elevated in the cionin-treated follicles. Of particular interest is that an RTK inhibitor and MMP inhibitor markedly suppressed the stimulatory efect of cionin on ovulation. Furthermore, inhibition of RTK signaling reduced the MMP gene expression in the cionin-treated follicles. These results provide evidence that cionin induces ovulation by stimulating MMP gene expression via the RTK signaling pathway. This is the frst report on the endogenous roles of cionin and the induction of ovulation by cholecystokinin/gastrin family peptides in an organism. Ascidians are the closest living relatives of vertebrates in the Chordata superphylum, and thus they provide important insights into the evolution of peptidergic systems in chordates. -
Aliens in Egyptian Waters. a Checklist of Ascidians of the Suez Canal and the Adjacent Mediterranean Waters
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2016) xxx, xxx–xxx HOSTED BY National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research http://ees.elsevier.com/ejar www.sciencedirect.com FULL LENGTH ARTICLE Aliens in Egyptian waters. A checklist of ascidians of the Suez Canal and the adjacent Mediterranean waters Y. Halim a, M. Abdel Messeih b,* a Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria, Egypt b National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt Received 3 April 2016; revised 21 August 2016; accepted 22 August 2016 KEYWORDS Abstract Checklists of the alien ascidian fauna of Egyptian waters are provided covering the Suez Ascidians; Canal, the adjacent Mediterranean waters and the Gulf of Suez. Enrichment in ascidian species of Mediterranean Sea; the Suez Canal seems to have been on the increase since 1927. The distinctly uneven distribution Erythrean non-indigenous pattern in the Canal appears to be directly related to the ship traffic system. species; Earlier reports on alien ascidian species in the Mediterranean are compared and discussed. Of 65 Suez Canal; species recorded from the Mediterranean waters of Egypt in all, four are Erythrean migrants and Polyclinum constellatum four potentially so. Polyclinum constellatum Savigny, 1816 is a new record for the Mediterranean Sea. Ó 2016 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Introduction 2005 and 2014 to deal with this issue and with other related problems. Ascidians are receiving more and more attention because of Based on an analysis of the literature and on the on-line the invasive ability of some species and the severe damage World Register of Marine Species (www.marinespecies.org/), caused to aquaculture (reviewed in a special issue of Aquatic Shenkar and Swalla (2011) assembled 2815 described ascidian Invasions, January 2009: http://aquatic invasions.net/2009/in- species. -
1471-2148-9-187.Pdf
BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access An updated 18S rRNA phylogeny of tunicates based on mixture and secondary structure models Georgia Tsagkogeorga1,2, Xavier Turon3, Russell R Hopcroft4, Marie- Ka Tilak1,2, Tamar Feldstein5, Noa Shenkar5,6, Yossi Loya5, Dorothée Huchon5, Emmanuel JP Douzery1,2 and Frédéric Delsuc*1,2 Address: 1Université Montpellier 2, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554), CC064, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, 2CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554), CC064, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, 3Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Accés Cala S. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain, 4Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 5Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel and 6Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA Email: Georgia Tsagkogeorga - [email protected]; Xavier Turon - [email protected]; Russell R Hopcroft - [email protected]; Marie-Ka Tilak - [email protected]; Tamar Feldstein - [email protected]; Noa Shenkar - [email protected]; Yossi Loya - [email protected]; Dorothée Huchon - [email protected]; Emmanuel JP Douzery - [email protected]; Frédéric Delsuc* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 5 August 2009 Received: 16 October 2008 Accepted: 5 August 2009 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:187 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-187 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/187 © 2009 Tsagkogeorga et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. -
Tunicate Mitogenomics and Phylogenetics: Peculiarities of the Herdmania Momus Mitochondrial Genome and Support for the New Chordate Phylogeny
Tunicate mitogenomics and phylogenetics: peculiarities of the Herdmania momus mitochondrial genome and support for the new chordate phylogeny. Tiratha Raj Singh, Georgia Tsagkogeorga, Frédéric Delsuc, Samuel Blanquart, Noa Shenkar, Yossi Loya, Emmanuel Douzery, Dorothée Huchon To cite this version: Tiratha Raj Singh, Georgia Tsagkogeorga, Frédéric Delsuc, Samuel Blanquart, Noa Shenkar, et al.. Tu- nicate mitogenomics and phylogenetics: peculiarities of the Herdmania momus mitochondrial genome and support for the new chordate phylogeny.. BMC Genomics, BioMed Central, 2009, 10, pp.534. 10.1186/1471-2164-10-534. halsde-00438100 HAL Id: halsde-00438100 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00438100 Submitted on 2 Dec 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BMC Genomics BioMed Central Research article Open Access Tunicate mitogenomics and phylogenetics: peculiarities of the Herdmania momus mitochondrial genome and support for the new chordate phylogeny Tiratha Raj Singh†1, Georgia Tsagkogeorga†2, Frédéric Delsuc2, Samuel Blanquart3, Noa -
From the National Park La Restinga, Isla Margarita, Venezuela
Biota Neotrop., vol. 10, no. 1 Inventory of ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the National Park La Restinga, Isla Margarita, Venezuela Rosana Moreira Rocha1,11, Edlin Guerra-Castro2, Carlos Lira3, Sheila Marquez Pauls4, Ivan Hernández5, Adriana Pérez3, Adriana Sardi6, Jeannette Pérez6, César Herrera6, Ana Karinna Carbonini7, Virginia Caraballo3, Dioceline Salazar8, Maria Cristina Diaz9 & Juan José Cruz-Motta6,10 1 Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, CP 19020, CEP 82531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brasil 2Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, CP 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, e-mail: [email protected] 3Laboratorio de Zoología, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo de Nueva Esparta, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, CP 658, Porlamar 6301, Isla Margarita, Venezuela, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 4Instituto de Zoologia Tropical, Escuela de Biologia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, CP 47058, Caracas 1041, Venezuela, e-mail: [email protected] 5Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo de Nueva Esparta, Guatamara, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela, e-mail: [email protected] 6Laboratorio de Ecología Experimental, Universidad Simón Bolívar, CP 89000, Sartenejas, Caracas 1080, Venezuela, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 7Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Universidad Simón Bolívar, CP 89000, Sartenejas, Caracas 1080, Venezuela, e-mail: [email protected] 8Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo de Sucre, CP 245, CEP 6101,Cumaná, Venezuela, e-mail: [email protected] 9Museo Marino de Margarita, Bulevar El Paseo, Boca del Río, Margarita, Edo. Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, e-mail: [email protected] 10Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, CP 89000, Sartenejas, Caracas 1080, Venezuela, e-mail: [email protected] 11Corresponding author: Rosana Moreira Rocha, e-mail: [email protected] ROCHA, R.M., GUERRA-CASTRO, E., LIRA, C., PAUL, S.M., HERNÁNDEZ. -
Marine Biology
Marine Biology Spatial and temporal dynamics of ascidian invasions in the continental United States and Alaska. --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: MABI-D-16-00297 Full Title: Spatial and temporal dynamics of ascidian invasions in the continental United States and Alaska. Article Type: S.I. : Invasive Species Keywords: ascidians, biofouling, biogeography, marine invasions, nonindigenous, non-native species, North America Corresponding Author: Christina Simkanin, Phd Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater, MD UNITED STATES Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Christina Simkanin, Phd First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Christina Simkanin, Phd Paul W. Fofonoff Kristen Larson Gretchen Lambert Jennifer Dijkstra Gregory M. Ruiz Order of Authors Secondary Information: Funding Information: California Department of Fish and Wildlife Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz National Sea Grant Program Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz Advisory Council Smithsonian Institution Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz United States Coast Guard Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz United States Department of Defense Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz Legacy Program Abstract: SSpecies introductions have increased dramatically in number, rate, and magnitude of impact in recent decades. In marine systems, invertebrates are the largest and most diverse component of coastal invasions throughout the world. Ascidians are conspicuous and well-studied members of this group, however, much of what is known about their invasion history is limited to particular species or locations. Here, we provide a large-scale assessment of invasions, using an extensive literature review and standardized field surveys, to characterize the invasion dynamics of non-native ascidians in the continental United States and Alaska. -
Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an Updated Checklist
Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9273 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e9273 Taxonomic Paper Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an updated checklist Chryssanthi Antoniadou‡, Vasilis Gerovasileiou§§, Nicolas Bailly ‡ Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece § Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece Corresponding author: Chryssanthi Antoniadou ([email protected]) Academic editor: Christos Arvanitidis Received: 18 May 2016 | Accepted: 17 Jul 2016 | Published: 01 Nov 2016 Citation: Antoniadou C, Gerovasileiou V, Bailly N (2016) Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an updated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9273. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e9273 Abstract Background The checklist of the ascidian fauna (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) of Greece was compiled within the framework of the Greek Taxon Information System (GTIS), an application of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) aiming to produce a complete checklist of species recorded from Greece. This checklist was constructed by updating an existing one with the inclusion of recently published records. All the reported species from Greek waters were taxonomically revised and cross-checked with the Ascidiacea World Database. New information The updated checklist of the class Ascidiacea of Greece comprises 75 species, classified in 33 genera, 12 families, and 3 orders. In total, 8 species have been added to the previous species list (4 Aplousobranchia, 2 Phlebobranchia, and 2 Stolidobranchia). Aplousobranchia was the most speciose order, followed by Stolidobranchia. Most species belonged to the families Didemnidae, Polyclinidae, Pyuridae, Ascidiidae, and Styelidae; these 4 families comprise 76% of the Greek ascidian species richness. The present effort revealed the limited taxonomic research effort devoted to the ascidian fauna of Greece, © Antoniadou C et al. -
Extending the Integrated Ascidian Database to the Exploration And
ANISEED 2017: extending the integrated ascidian database to Title the exploration and evolutionary comparison of genome-scale datasets Brozovic, Matija; Dantec, Christelle; Dardaillon, Justine; Dauga, Delphine; Faure, Emmanuel; Gineste, Mathieu; Louis, Alexandra; Naville, Magali; Nitta, Kazuhiro R; Piette, Jacques; Reeves, Wendy; Scornavacca, Céline; Simion, Paul; Vincentelli, Renaud; Bellec, Maelle; Aicha, Sameh Ben; Fagotto, Marie; Guéroult-Bellone, Marion; Haeussler, Author(s) Maximilian; Jacox, Edwin; Lowe, Elijah K; Mendez, Mickael; Roberge, Alexis; Stolfi, Alberto; Yokomori, Rui; Brown, C�Titus; Cambillau, Christian; Christiaen, Lionel; Delsuc, Frédéric; Douzery, Emmanuel; Dumollard, Rémi; Kusakabe, Takehiro; Nakai, Kenta; Nishida, Hiroki; Satou, Yutaka; Swalla, Billie; Veeman, Michael; Volff, Jean-Nicolas; Lemaire, Patrick Citation Nucleic Acids Research (2018), 46: D718-D725 Issue Date 2018-01-04 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/229401 © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- Right nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University D718–D725 Nucleic Acids Research, 2018, Vol. 46, Database issue Published online 15 November -
And Description of a New Species, Ciona Interme
An integrative taxonomic framework for the study of the genus Ciona (Ascidiacea) and description of a new species, Ciona intermedia Francesco Mastrototaro, Federica Montesanto, Marika Salonna, Frédérique Viard, Giovanni Chimienti, Egidio Trainito, Carmela Gissi To cite this version: Francesco Mastrototaro, Federica Montesanto, Marika Salonna, Frédérique Viard, Giovanni Chimi- enti, et al.. An integrative taxonomic framework for the study of the genus Ciona (Ascidiacea) and description of a new species, Ciona intermedia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Linnean Society of London, 2020, 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa042. hal-02861027 HAL Id: hal-02861027 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02861027 Submitted on 8 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa042 An integrative taxonomy framework for the study of the genus Ciona (Ascidiacea) and the description of the new species Ciona intermedia Francesco Mastrototaro1, Federica Montesanto1*, Marika Salonna2, Frédérique Viard3, Giovanni Chimienti1, Egidio Trainito4, Carmela Gissi2,5,* 1 Department of Biology and CoNISMa LRU, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Via Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy 2 Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy 3 Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. -
Redalyc.Keys for the Identification of Families and Genera of Atlantic
Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil Moreira da Rocha, Rosana; Bastos Zanata, Thais; Moreno, Tatiane Regina Keys for the identification of families and genera of Atlantic shallow water ascidians Biota Neotropica, vol. 12, núm. 1, enero-marzo, 2012, pp. 1-35 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199123750022 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Keys for the identification of families and genera of Atlantic shallow water ascidians Rocha, R.M. et al. Biota Neotrop. 2012, 12(1): 000-000. On line version of this paper is available from: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v12n1/en/abstract?identification-key+bn01712012012 A versão on-line completa deste artigo está disponível em: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v12n1/pt/abstract?identification-key+bn01712012012 Received/ Recebido em 16/07/2011 - Revised/ Versão reformulada recebida em 13/03/2012 - Accepted/ Publicado em 14/03/2012 ISSN 1676-0603 (on-line) Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP - O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical.