State of the Park 2017

State of the Park Report 2017 Headline Indicators

Upland Farming

Indicator Average Farm Business Income (FBI)

Current Data £18,900 Indicator Average Farm Business(2015) Income (FBI) CurrentIndicatorTrend Data The average FBI forAverage the last Farm four £18,900yearBusiness period Income was £21,800. (FBI) The average between 2005-2015 for Dartmoor(2015) was £33,000 CurrentTrend Data The average FBI for the last four £18,900year period was £21,800. The average between 2005-2015 for Dartmoor(2015) was £33,000 Trend The average FBI for the last four year period was £21,800. The average between 2005-2015 for Dartmoor was £33,000 HabitatsIndicator and %Wildlife of SSSI in ‘favourable’ or ‘unfavourable recovering’ condition

Current Data 98% Indicator % of SSSI in ‘favourable’ or ‘unfavourable(2016) recovering’ condition CurrentIndicatorTrend Data Higher% of thanSSSI thein ‘favourable’ national average or ‘unfavourable (96%)98% but a slight recovering’ decline from condition 2011 (2016) CurrentTrend Data Higher than the national average (96%)98% but a slight decline from 2011 (2016) 1 Indicator State of Living Dartmoor Priority Species Trend Higher than the national average (96%) but a slight decline from 2011 Current Data 11 of 12 species populations currently ‘stable’ or ‘increasing’ Indicator State of Living Dartmoor Priority Species1

Trend The populations of Living Dartmoor priority species (‘key species1 for CurrentIndicator Data 11 of 12State species of Livingpopulations Dartmoor currently Priority ‘stable’ Species or ‘increasing’ conservation’) are currently stabilised or improved as a result of targeted CurrentTrend Data conservationThe populations11 of 12 work species of withLiving populations partners Dartmoor and currentlypriority landowners. species ‘stable’ There (‘key or ‘increasing’ arespecies other for speciesconservation’) (for example are currently curlew, stabilised lapwing, orcuckoo) improved not ascurrently a result listed of targeted as The populations of Living Dartmoor priority species (‘key species for Trend Dartmoorconservation priorities work withwhich partners are still and at risk landowners. and declining. There are other speciesconservation’) (for example are currently curlew, stabilised lapwing, orcuckoo) improved not ascurrently a result listed of targeted as Dartmoorconservation priorities work withwhich partners are still and at risk landowners. and declining. There are other species (for example curlew, lapwing, cuckoo) not currently listed as Dartmoor priorities which are still at risk and declining.

Indicator Number of scheduled monuments ‘at risk’

Historic Current EnvironmentData 352 (33%) Indicator Number of scheduled(2016) monuments ‘at risk’ CurrentIndicatorTrend Data A 7% decreaseNumber compared of scheduledto 2010352 where(33%) monuments 40% of SMS ‘at risk’were ‘at risk’ (2016) CurrentTrend Data A 7% decrease compared to 2010352 where(33%) 40% of SMS were ‘at risk’ Indicator Number of listed(2016) buildings ‘at risk’ Trend A 7% decrease compared to 2010 where 40% of SMS were ‘at risk’ Current Data 36 (1.7%) Indicator Number of listed buildings ‘at risk’ (2016) CurrentIndicatorTrend Data 1.1% of Grade I orNumber II* are ‘atof risk’,listed36 (1.7%)this buildings compares ‘at favourably risk’ with the South West average of 3% and the(2016) National average of 4% Current Data 36 (1.7%) Trend 1.1% of Grade I or II* are ‘at risk’, this compares favourably with the South West average of 3% and the(2016) National average of 4%

Trend 1.1% of Grade I or II* are ‘at risk’, this compares favourably with the 1 Indicator South% of West monitored average riverof 3% length and the achievingNational average ‘moderate’ of 4% or ‘good’ There are 12 Priority Species included in Living Dartmoor. Eight of these are monitored annually and have long term trend data. The status of the remaining 4 is based on less frequent monitoringstatus or expert under opinion the (State WFD of Dartmoor’s Key Wildlife 2011. Source: DNPA). CurrentIndicator Data % of monitored river length98% achieving ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ status under the WFD Indicator % of monitored river length(2015) achieving ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ 98% CurrentTrend Data A 2% decrease from 2014status where under 100% the of monitoredWFD river length (2015) Current Data achieved ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ status.98% None of the river length falls into A 2% decrease from 2014 where 100% of monitored river length Trend ‘high’ or ‘bad’ status. (2015) achieved ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ status. None of the river length falls into Trend ‘high’A 2% ordecrease ‘bad’ status. from 2014 where 100% of monitored river length achieved ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ status. None of the river length falls into ‘high’ or ‘bad’ status. 1 There are 12 Priority Species included in Living Dartmoor. Eight of these are monitored annually and have long term trend data. The status of the remaining 4 is based on less frequent monitoring or expert opinion (State of 1 Dartmoor’sThere are Key12 Priority Wildlife Species 2011. Source: included DNPA). in Living Dartmoor. Eight of these are monitored annually and have long 1term trend data. The status of the remaining 4 is based on less frequent monitoring or expert opinion (State of Dartmoor’sThere are Key12 Priority Wildlife Species 2011. Source: included DNPA). in Living Dartmoor. Eight of these are monitored annually and have long term trend data. The status of the remaining 4 is based on less frequent monitoring or expert opinion (State of Dartmoor’s Key Wildlife 2011. Source: DNPA).

Indicator Average Farm Business Income (FBI) CurrentIndicator Data Average Farm £18,900Business Income (FBI) (2015) Current Data £18,900 The average FBI for the last four year period was £21,800. The average Trend (2015) between 2005-2015 for Dartmoor was £33,000 Trend The average FBI for the last four year period was £21,800. The average between 2005-2015 for Dartmoor was £33,000

Indicator % of SSSI in ‘favourable’ or ‘unfavourable recovering’ condition CurrentIndicator Data % of SSSI in ‘favourable’ or ‘unfavourable98% recovering’ condition (2016) Current Data 98% Higher than the national average (96%) but a slight decline from 2011 Trend (2016) Trend Higher than the national average (96%) but a slight decline from 2011 1 Indicator State of Living Dartmoor Priority Species CurrentIndicator Data 11 of 12State species of Livingpopulations Dartmoor currently Priority ‘stable’ Species or ‘increasing’1 CurrentTrend Data The populations11 of 12 species of Living populations Dartmoor currentlypriority species ‘stable’ (‘key or ‘increasing’ species for conservation’) are currently stabilised or improved as a result of targeted The populations of Living Dartmoor priority species (‘key species for Trend conservation work with partners and landowners. There are other conservation’) are currently stabilised or improved as a result of targeted species (for example curlew, lapwing, cuckoo) not currently listed as conservation work with partners and landowners. There are other Dartmoor priorities which are still at risk and declining. species (for example curlew, lapwing, cuckoo) not currently listed as Dartmoor priorities which are still at risk and declining.

Indicator Number of scheduled monuments ‘at risk’ CurrentIndicator Data Number of scheduled352 (33%) monuments ‘at risk’ (2016) Current Data 352 (33%) A 7% decrease compared to 2010 where 40% of SMS were ‘at risk’ Trend (2016) Trend A 7% decrease compared to 2010 where 40% of SMS were ‘at risk’ Indicator Number of listed buildings ‘at risk’ CurrentIndicator Data Number of listed36 (1.7%) buildings ‘at risk’ (2016) Current Data 36 (1.7%) 1.1% of Grade I or II* are ‘at risk’, this compares favourably with the Trend (2016) South West average of 3% and the National average of 4% Trend 1.1% of Grade I or II* are ‘at risk’, this compares favourably with the South West average of 3% and the National average of 4% Water Environment Indicator % of monitored river length achieving ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ Indicator % of monitored riverstatus length under achieving the WFD ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ Current Data status under98% the WFD Current Data (2015)98% Trend A 2% decrease from 2014 where(2015) 100% of monitored river length achieved ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ status. None of the river length falls into A 2% decrease from 2014 where 100% of monitored river length Trend ‘high’ or ‘bad’ status. achieved ‘moderate’ or ‘good’ status. None of the river length falls into ‘high’ or ‘bad’ status.

1 VolunteeringThere are 12 Priority Species included in Living Dartmoor. Eight of these are monitored annually and have long 1term trend data. The status of the remaining 4 is based on less frequent monitoring or expert opinion (State of Dartmoor’sThereIndicator are Key12 Priority Wildlife Species 2011. Source: included DNPA). in LivingVolunteering Dartmoor. Eight in of thesethe National are monitored Park annually and have long term trend data. The status of the remaining 4 is based on less frequent monitoring or expert opinion (State of Dartmoor’sCurrentIndicator Key Data Wildlife 2011. Source: DNPA). Volunteering5884 volunteer in the National days Park (2015/16) Current Data 5884 volunteer days Trend 2 Baseline data – data includes volunteer(2015/16) days from DNPA, MTMTE and volunteering groups carrying out work in the NP that are not DNPA2 staff Trend ledBaseline or MTMTE data – data includes volunteer days from DNPA, MTMTE and volunteering groups carrying out work in the NP that are not DNPA staff led or MTMTE Tourism and Recreation Indicator Annual number of tourist visitors CurrentIndicator Data Annual number2.31million of tourist visitors (2015) Current Data 2.31million Trend 3% decrease in the number of visitors since 2009. Number of staying (2015) visitors and visitor spend has been increasing since 2009. Trend 3% decrease in the number of visitors since 2009. Number of staying visitors and visitor spend has been increasing since 2009.

Indicator Number of large scale events considered through the DNP notification system Indicator Number of large scale events considered through the DNP Current Data 63 notification system (2016) Current Data 63 Trend The number of events has grown since 2009, 2013 saw a peak of 75 (2016) events. The number of participants taking part has seen a 66% increase The number of events has grown since 2009, 2013 saw a peak of 75 Trend since 2009 events. The number of participants taking part has seen a 66% increase since 2009 Indicator % length of Public Rights of Way (PRoW) that are ‘easy to use’ CurrentIndicator Data % length of Public Rights of Way79% (PRoW) that are ‘easy to use’ (2016/17) Current Data 79% Trend The % of PRoW that are ‘easy to use’ has fallen by 16% since 2010/11. (2016/17) The decline is largely a result of paths failing due to the condition of their The % of PRoW that are ‘easy to use’ has fallen by 16% since 2010/11. Trend infrastructure e.g. missing signs and broken stiles and damage to surface The decline is largely a result of paths failing due to the condition of their condition from intense rainfall events infrastructure e.g. missing signs and broken stiles and damage to surface condition from intense rainfall events

Indicator Average Dartmoor House Price CurrentIndicator Data Average Dartmoor£303,129 House Price (2015) Current Data £303,129 2 Trend 3.8% increase from 2012. 33% higher than the Devon County average MTMTE numbers includes those from other organisations that undertake volunteering(2015) projects through MTME and 11% higher than the national average Trend 3.8% increase from 2012. 33% higher than the Devon County average and 11% higher than the national average Indicator Average life expectancy CurrentIndicator Data Average83.2years life expectancy (2015) Current Data 83.2years Trend 1.9 years longer than the national average and 0.8 years longer than the (2015) Devon County average Trend 1.9 years longer than the national average and 0.8 years longer than the Devon County average

2 MTMTE numbers includes those from other organisations that undertake volunteering projects through MTME 2 MTMTE numbers includes those from other organisations that undertake volunteering projects through MTME Indicator Volunteering in the National Park Current Data 5884 volunteer days (2015/16) Trend Baseline data – data includes volunteer days from DNPA, MTMTE2 and volunteering groups carrying out work in the NP that are not DNPA staff led or MTMTE

Indicator Annual number of tourist visitors Current Data 2.31million (2015) Trend 3% decrease in the number of visitors since 2009. Number of staying visitors and visitor spend has been increasing since 2009.

Indicator Number of large scale events considered through the DNP notification system Current Data 63 (2016) Trend The number of events has grown since 2009, 2013 saw a peak of 75 events. The number of participants taking part has seen a 66% increase since 2009

Indicator % length of Public Rights of Way (PRoW) that are ‘easy to use’ Current Data 79% (2016/17) Trend The % of PRoW that are ‘easy to use’ has fallen by 16% since 2010/11. The decline is largely a result of paths failing due to the condition of their infrastructure e.g. missing signs and broken stiles and damage to surface condition from intense rainfall events Community Well-being

Indicator Average Dartmoor House Price Current Data £303,129 (2015) Trend 3.8% increase from 2012. 33% higher than the Devon County average and 11% higher than the national average

Indicator Average life expectancy Current Data 83.2years (2015) Trend 1.9 years longer than the national average and 0.8 years longer than the Devon County average Military Training

Indicator Actual firing as % of days available for live firing: all DNP live ranges Indicator Actual firing as % of days available for live firing: all DNP live Current Data 61% 2 ranges MTMTEIndicator numbers includesActual those fromfiring other as % organisations of days available (2016)that undertake for live volunteering firing: all projects DNP live throughCurrent MTME Data 61% Trend The level of use of the live firing rangesranges increased in 2016; 61% of days Indicator Actual firing as % of days available(2016) for live firing: all DNP live Current Data available for live firing were used in61% 2016 compared to 51% in 2010. Trend The level of use of the live firing rangesranges increased in 2016; 61% of days Live firing still only fills an average(2016) of 50% of the days on which MOD Current Data available for live firing were used in61% 2016 compared to 51% in 2010. Trend Theare licensedlevel of useto undertake of the live live firing firing. ranges increased in 2016; 61% of days Live firing still only fills an average(2016) of 50% of the days on which MOD areavailable licensed for tolive undertake firing were live used firing. in 2016 compared to 51% in 2010. Trend LiveThe levelfiring of still use only of thefills livean average firing ranges of 50% increased of the daysin 2016; on which 61% ofMOD days available for live firing(speed were used visor in 2016 data compared 2017) to 51% in 2010. Traffic and Transportare licensedth to undertake live firing. Location Live85 firing percentile still only fills anAverage average speedof 50%(mph) of the days %on of which cars MOD 3 arespee licensedth d (mph) to undertake live firing. violating speed Location 85 percentile Average speed(mph) % of cars limit speed3 (mph) violating speed LocationBennet’s Cross 8547th percentile Average38 speed(mph) %38% of cars 3 limit Sharpitor 47speeth d (mph) 38 violating37% speed LocationBennet’s Cross 8547 percentile Average38 speed(mph) %38% of cars Haytor 40 35 limit14 Sharpitor 47spee d3 (mph) 38 violating37% speed Bennet’s Cross 47 38 38% Haytor 40 35 14limit Sharpitor 47 38 37% Bennet’s Cross 47 38 38% Haytor 40 35 14 SharpitorIndicator Proportion47 of dwellings38 granted permission that37% are affordable PlanningHaytor and 40New Development35 14 CurrentIndicator Data Proportion of dwellings47% between granted 2011 permission and 2016 that are affordable CurrentIndicatorTrend Data 1%Proportion decrease fromof dwellings 200647%-2011 between granted where 2011 48%permission and of dwellings2016 that aregranted affordable permission were affordable CurrentIndicatorTrend Data 1%Proportion decrease fromof dwellings 200647%-2011 between granted where 2011 48%permission and of dwellings2016 that aregranted affordable permission were affordable CurrentTrend Data 1% decrease from 200647%-2011 between where 2011 48% and of dwellings2016 granted permission were affordable IndicatorTrend 1% decrease fromInstalled 2006-2011 renewable where 48% energy of dwellings capacity granted permission were affordable CurrentIndicator Data Installed340% renewable increase energyto 9.1MW capacity Renewable Energy (2015) CurrentIndicatorTrend Data Large increase in Installedcapacity340% between renewable increase December energyto 9.1MW 2011 capacity and December 2015. Photovoltaic increased most significantly(2015) and is the most popular type of CurrentIndicatorTrend Data Large increase in Installedcapacity340% between renewable increase December energyto 9.1MW 2011 capacity and December 2015. installed renewable technology (2015) Current Data Photovoltaic increased most340% significantly increase to and 9.1MW is the most popular type of Trend Large increase in capacity between December 2011 and December 2015. installed renewable technology (2015) Photovoltaic increased most significantly and is the most popular type of Trend installedLarge increase renewable in capacity technology between December 2011 and December 2015. Photovoltaic increased most significantly and is the most popular type of installed renewable technology

3 The speed below which 85% of vehicles are travelling

3 The speed below which 85% of vehicles are travelling 3 The speed below which 85% of vehicles are travelling 3 The speed below which 85% of vehicles are travelling 3 The speed below which 85% of vehicles are travelling 1 22 39 Climate Change Historic Built Planning Impacts of a Environment and New changing climate 2 Development 24 4 Water Air Quality 42 Environment Military 6 27 Training Farming Learning and and Agri - 45 Education Traffic and Environment Farming 6 Transport Agri-environment 7 29 Tourism and 47 Recreation Renewable 9 Visiting the Biodiversity National Park 29 Energy Habitats 9 Trends 29 SSSI 9 Large Scale Recreation 30 County Wildlife Sites 10 Infrastructure 31 49 Section 3 Moorland Public Rights of Way Cultural and Woodland 10 (PRoW) and Access Land 32 Woodland 10 Erosion Sites 32 Distinctiveness Species 12 Car park and Dark Night Skies 49 Greater Horseshoe Bat 13 footpath figures 33 Traditional Orchards 50 Key Plant Species 13 Southern Damselfly 13 Marsh Fritillary and 51 High Brown Fritillary 14 34 ORVal - Wood Warbler 14 Community Valuing Dunlin 14 Ring Ouzel 15 Well-being Dartmoor National Park 19 37 Archaeological Economic 52 Heritage Activity Data Sources Climate Change

Climate is generally defined as the average of weather over a 30-year period, to make observations about climate change we therefore need to compare multiple 30-year periods. The climate data for Princetown presented in this section represents only a small proportion of available trend data and provides evidence of a changing climate. 2010 is the latest year that data is available.

Mean daily temperature has increased by 0.5 degrees in comparison to the 1961-1990 climatic baseline; Figure 1 shows that all seasons have seen an increase in temperature, with winter seeing the greatest warming and autumn the least pronounced change. Average monthly precipitation has increased by 15% in comparison to the 1960-1990 climatic baseline, whilst the average number of days per month with more than 10mm of rain has increased by 13%. Figures 2 and 3 show that the greatest increases in rainfall have been seen in autumn months. The plant growing season is becoming longer (Figure 4); the 1981-2010 average annual growing season was 15 days longer than the 1971-2000 period, which in turn was 6 days longer than 1961 to 1990. A longer growing season is indicative of increasing temperatures.

10 1981 - 2010 8 1971 - 2000 1961 - 1990 6

2 Mean Daily Temperature (Celcius) TemperatureMean Daily 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

Figure 1 - Mean daily temperature-monthly average, Princetown. Source: Met Office/DCC

250 225 200 175 1 150 1981 - 2010 125 1971 - 2000 1961 - 1990 100

Precipitation (mm) Precipitation 75 50 25 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 16

10 1981 - 2010 8 1971 - 2000 1961 - 1990 6

2 Mean Daily Temperature (Celcius) TemperatureMean Daily 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

250 225 200 175

150 1981 - 2010 125 1971 - 2000 1961 - 1990 100

Precipitation (mm) Precipitation 75 50 25 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

Figure 2 - Mean monthly precipitation, Princetown. Source: Met Office/DCC

6 1981 - 2010 5 1971 - 2000 4 1961 - 1990 3 Number of Days

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

Figure 3 - Days of rainfall >10mm, Princetown. Source: Met Office/DCC

Impacts of a changing climate The above data provides evidence of a changing climate on Dartmoor and suggests that the Dartmoor climate is becoming warmer and wetter with more intense periods of rainfall. The impacts of these changes are likely to impact both agriculture and ecology, with some changes already being seen. Temperature increases on Dartmoor are resulting in a longer plant growing season (Figure400 4), the 1981-2010 average plant growing season was 15 days longer than the 1971-2000350 period, which was, in turn 6 days longer than the 1961-1990 average. Increasing temperatures300 and the associated longer growing season is likely to have an impact on agriculture in upland areas250 such as Dartmoor; changes could include increased agricultural productivity and changes to200 livestock systems. Ecological impacts of climate change on Dartmoor can already be seen; monitoring150 of the Pied Flycatcher at East Dartmoor National Nature Reserve has shown

Number of Days 100 2 50 0 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Year 9

6 1981 - 2010 5 1971 - 2000 4 1961 - 1990 3 Number of Days

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

that this species has advanced its egg laying date by 2 weeks since the 1960s (Figure 5). This advancement is thought to be a direct result of a changing climate and can be directly correlated with increasing spring temperatures.

400 350

300 250 200 150

Number of Days 100 50 0 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Year

Figure 4 - Growing season length (period where daily mean temperature +5C for >5 consecutive days) for Princetown, Dartmoor. Trend shown by black line. Source: Met Office/DCC

55 50 45 40 35 days from 1st April 1st from days 30 Mean FirstEgg Date No. of 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Year

Figure 5 - Pied Flycatcher annual mean first egg date. Trend shown by black line. Source: PiedFly.net/NE

Air Quality

40 35 Critical level 30 Ashburton

25 Dean Prior Farm 20 Buckfastleigh

(µg/m3) 15 Chagford 10 Yelverton 5 Cornwood Hexworthy

Annual Mean NO2 ConcentrationNO2 MeanAnnual 0 Yarner Wood

Year 3

Headline Indicator Date of data Latest data Average Farm Business 2015 (baseline) £18,900 Income (FBI) Proportion of FBI that is 2015 (baseline) 140% public subsidy Estimated GVA for 2015 (baseline) £8.5million agriculture on Dartmoor Air Quality

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is a significant air pollutant produced largely through road traffic and the combustion of other fossil fuels. Figure 6 shows annual mean NO2 concentrations in sites across the National Park, mostly associated with vehicle emissions, on average, the data indicates a steady decrease60 in (NO2) emissions. The critical level shown is the threshold above which gaseous concentrations of NO2 and NOX are known to have adverse health and environmental impacts. 55 The sites at Ashburton, Dean Prior and Buckfastleigh have recorded higher annual average concentrations50 given their proximity to the A38. 45 The most significant40 effect of Nitrogen Oxides on ecosystems is through nitrogen deposition. The effects of Nitrogen deposition include nutrient enrichment (eutrophication), acidification and direct 35

damage (toxicity); April 1st from days as a result, impacts on habitats and species include species loss, changes in soil chemistry and30 habitat degradation4. Despite the steady reduction in gaseous NO , overall Nitrogen

Mean FirstEgg Date No. of 2 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 deposition on Dartmoor has been found to exceed critical threshold levels for certain habitats (Table Year 1). Vehicle emissions are not the sole contributor to Nitrogen deposition on Dartmoor, for example, only 4.6% of Nitrogen deposition on the Dartmoor SAC is thought to be from road traffic, more significant factors include, livestock emissions through ammonia (NH3) (41.5%), European imported emissionsAir Quality (28.4%) and international shipping (11.7%)5.

40 35 Critical level 30 Ashburton

25 Dean Prior Farm 20 Buckfastleigh

(µg/m3) 15 Chagford 10 Yelverton 5 Cornwood Hexworthy

Annual Mean NO2 ConcentrationNO2 MeanAnnual 0 Yarner Wood

Year

Figure 6 - Dartmoor mean NO2 concentration. Source: District Authorities

4 The impactHeadline of atmospheric Indicator nitrogen depositionDate on the of UKs data wild flora and fauna. PlantLatest Link UK data 5 http://www.apis.ac.uk/srcl/select-a-site?SiteType=SAC&submit=NextAverage Farm Business 2015 (baseline) £18,900 Income (FBI) Proportion of FBI that is 2015 (baseline)4 140% public subsidy Estimated GVA for 2015 (baseline) £8.5million agriculture on Dartmoor Habitat Critical Load SACs (Kg N/ha/yr) Dartmoor South South Hams Dartmoor Woods Woodland 10-15 33.1 31.5 - Slopes, screes and 15-20 - - 23.1 ravines Dry Heath 10-20 20.8 22.3 15.8 Wet Heath 10-20 20.8 - Dry grassland and 15-25 - - 15.8 scrubland Blanket bogs 5-10 20.8 - - Table1 - Modelled concentrations of N deposition in Dartmoor SACs 2013. Source: http://www.apis.ac.uk/ srcl/select-a-site?SiteType=SAC&submit=Next

Table1 - Modelled concentrations of N deposition in Dartmoor SACs 2013. Source: http://www.apis.ac.uk/srcl/select-a-site?SiteType=SAC&submit=Next

5 60

55 50 45 40 35 days from 1st April 1st from days 30 Mean FirstEgg Date No. of 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Year

Air Quality

40 35 Critical level 30 Ashburton

25 Dean Prior Farm 20 Buckfastleigh

Farming(µg/m3) 15 Chagford and 10 Yelverton 5 Cornwood Hexworthy Agri- ConcentrationNO2 MeanAnnual 0 Yarner Wood Environment Year

Farming Farming has shaped the landscape of Dartmoor over many hundreds of years and today the management undertaken by farmers and commoners plays a vital role in the maintenance of the landscape for biodiversity, ecosystems services, cultural heritage and access. 86% of the National Park is classed as utilisable agricultural area.

In 2015, the average Farm Business Income (FBI), per farm on Dartmoor was £18,900, similar to that of the last four yours (£21,800), but, significantly lower than the ten year average of £33,000. When broken down into income streams, the 2015 figures show a loss from agriculture of £9,300, with positive contributions from Basic Payment Scheme (£14,300), agri-environment (£12,100) and farm diversification (£1,800). A positive income was only generated from agriculture in 2009 and 2011. The Basic Payment Scheme, over the 11 year period has been the most important source of income, however, in recent year’s agri-environment payments are becoming an increasingly important source of income (Figure 7).

400 350 300 250 200 Agriculture 150 Agri- environ 100 Diversification 50 SPS or BPS

£ per Ha UAA 0 -50 Total farm FBI -100 -150 -200 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Figure 7- Farm Business Income by Cost Centre, per hectare of Utilisable Agricultural Area. Source: Farm Incomes350 on Dartmoor. Farm Business Survey Results for 2005-2015.

300 6

250

200 England LFA South West LFA 150 Dartmoor £ per£ Hectare 100

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 400 350 300 250 200 Agriculture 150 Agri- environ When comparing100 Dartmoor to South West Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) and England LFAs, Farm Diversification Business Incomes50 follow a similar pattern, but Dartmoor makes a higher income per hectare. SPS or BPS For 2015, £ per Ha UAA when0 compared to the South West as a whole, farms on Dartmoor have a higher agri-environment-50 income, but lose more income from agriculture, and therefore Totalhave farm a similar FBI final income-100 to the South West LFAs. Prior to 2011, the sample of Dartmoor LFAs, income from agriculture -150was similar to that of the South West LFAs but a higher agri-environment income gave Dartmoor farms-200 an overall income advantage (Figure 8). It is unclear as to why agricultural incomes 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 have fallen on the Dartmoor farms from 20116.

350

300

250

200 England LFA South West LFA 150 Dartmoor £ per£ Hectare 100

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Figure 8 - Farm Business Income per hectare by region. Source: Farm incomes on Dartmoor. Farm Business Survey Results 2005-2015.

Agri-environment In 2016, 48% of the utilisable agricultural area was in an agri-environment scheme, a reduction of 31% compared to 20157 (Figure 9). The extent of UAA that is in Higher Level Stewardship (HLS) has seen a significant reduction in recent years; in 2016, 35% of the UAA was under HLS, compared to 60% in 2015 and 62% in 2013).

6 Farm Incomes on Dartmoor. Farm Business Survey Results 2005-2015 7 Figures do not yet include the area of land covered by agreements signed in 2015/16 under the new Countryside Stewardship Scheme

7 90%

80% 70% 60% environment - 50% 40% 30% 20%

% of UAA in agri 10% 0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year

Figure 9 - Percent of UAA under agri-environment in Dartmoor National Park. Source: NE, Protected LandscapesBiodiversity indicator. © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016.

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2010 data % of SSSI in ‘favourable or 2016 98% of SSSI +2% ‘unfavourable recovering’ area condition 25,751ha

Designation Area (ha) SSSI 26,277 SAC 25,346 County Wildlife Sites 2,247 Total area of Section 3 Moorland 44,910 Woodland 6,095 Ancient semi-natural woodland 2,957

100% 90% England Unfavourable 80% recovering 70% England Favourable 60% 50% DNP Unfavourable 40%

Percentage Percentage recovering 30% 20% DNP Favourable 10% 0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year

8 90%

80% 70% 60% environment Biodiversity- 50% 40% 30% 20%

% of UAA in agri 10% 0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year

Biodiversity Habitats

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2010 data % of SSSI in ‘favourable or 2016 98% of SSSI +2% ‘unfavourable recovering’ area condition 25,751ha

Designation Area (ha) SSSI 26,277 SAC 25,346 County Wildlife Sites 2,247 Total area of Section 3 Moorland 44,910 Woodland 6,095 Ancient semi-natural woodland 2,957

SSSI 100% 26,277ha of the National Park is designated as a SSSI (28% of the total area); this figure has 90% England Unfavourable increased by80% 10ha compared to the 2010 State of the Park Reporting followingrecovering the inclusion of Grenofen and70% West Down SSSI Unit, a single SSSI unit within the National Parks boundary that England Favourable was not accounted60% for in the previous report. Figure 10 shows that 98% of the SSSI area within the National50% Park is in either favourable or unfavourable recovering condition, a higher percentage DNP Unfavourable than the national40% average; however, there has been a slight decline from 2011/12. The area of SSSI

Percentage Percentage recovering in favourable30% condition has significantly declined in 2013; 2014 saw a 13% decrease in the area of SSSI in favourable20% condition compared to 2013. This decrease is not consideredDNP Favourable to be a decline in habitat condition10% but coincides with the reunitisation of SSSI units as part of Dartmoor Farming Futures to coincide0% with management areas. Previous smaller units considered to be in favourable condition were 2007merged 2008 into 2009 larger 2010 units 2011 assessed 2012 2013 as unfavourable 2014 2015 2016 recovering. It is expected that Year the condition of the sites will continue to improve through Dartmoor Farming Futures and agri- environment schemes and it is understood that recovery to favourable condition will happen over time with appropriate management.

9 90%

80% 70% 60% environment - 50% 40% 30% 20%

% of UAA in agri 10% 0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year

Biodiversity

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2010 data % of SSSI in ‘favourable or 2016 98% of SSSI +2% ‘unfavourable recovering’ area condition 25,751ha

Designation Area (ha) SSSI 26,277 SAC 25,346 County Wildlife Sites 2,247 Total area of Section 3 Moorland 44,910 Woodland 6,095 Ancient semi-natural woodland 2,957

100% 90% England Unfavourable 80% recovering 70% England Favourable 60% 50% DNP Unfavourable 40%

Percentage Percentage recovering 30% 20% DNP Favourable 10% 0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Figure 10 - Percentage of SSSI in favourable or unfavourable recovering condition in England and Dartmoor National Park Source: Natural England

County Wildlife Sites There are currently 232 County Wildlife Sites (CWS) within the National Park, covering 2,247 ha. A further 130 sites covering 1,031ha meet the criteria for CWS but the owners are unknown or have not agreed to designation. The condition of a sample of County Wildlife Sites is assessed every year against agreed criteria; the criteria provide an indication of whether past and current management is having a positive impact on the habitats. Of the 88 sites monitored since 2009, 39 were found to be in good condition (green). Nine sites were not in positive management (red), mostly due to inappropriate levels of grazing.

HIGH Green Site is in good condition and being managed well (in positive management

MEDIUM Amber Site is not in optimum management and condition but is not far off (in positive management)

LOW Red Site requires urgent attention (not in positive management)

Section 3 Moorland and Woodland Section 3 moorland and woodland areas were identified under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as land that was particularly important to conserve, Section 3 moorland and woodland covers 83.9% of the National Park and the conservation of the moorland is central to the National Parks fulfilment of its statutory duty to conserve and enhance the natural beauty of Dartmoor. The area of Section 3 moorland and woodland remains the same since its designation.

Woodland 12% F(11,242)igure 11 -of Percent the National of Dartmoor Park woodland is woodland, under active56% management.of this area isSource: currently Forestry in active Commission management. (Figure 11). The availability of Forestry Commission’s English Woodland Grant Scheme (EWGS) coupled with 60%a buoyant wood fuel market during this period encouraged management of previously neglected 55% woods. The drop in the number of managed woods in 2016 could be related to uncertainty over Brexit and changes to the grant system; Countryside Stewardship has not 50% proved to be as popular or as accessible to woodland owners as EWGS. CAP reform and the future viability of upland45% farms may lead to a further reduction in woodlands being actively managed on Dartmoor. 40% 35%

active management 10 % of woodland under 30% 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year HIGH Green Site is in good condition and being managed well (in positive management

MEDIUM Amber Site is not in optimum management and condition but is not far off (in positive management)

LOW Red Site requires urgent attention (not in positive management)

26% of the wooded area of the National Park is classed as ancient semi-natural woodland, 294ha of which are ‘plantations on ancient woodland sites’ (PAWS). Figure 12 shows the National Parks ancientFigure semi-natural 11 - Percent woodland of Dartmoor resources. woodland under active management. Source: Forestry Commission.

60%

55% 50% 45% 40% 35% active management % of woodland under 30% 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Figure 11 - Percent of Dartmoor woodland under active management. Source: Forestry Commission. © Forestry Commission copyright 2016 © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016

Figure 12 - Ancient woodland within Dartmoor National Park.

11 Species The Dartmoor Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) was introduced in 2001 to set out a common vision for biodiversity on Dartmoor, the Action for Wildlife Partnership was set up to help deliver projects within this plan. The Dartmoor BAP ran from 2001-2011 and has now been replaced by Living Dartmoor, the follow on document to take forward biodiversity over the next ten year period. Species listed in Table 2 received targeted conservation works within the Dartmoor BAP and are now listed as key species of conservation concern within Living Dartmoor, where monitoring permits, current trends for key species have been shown within this report8. Prior to the production of Living Dartmoor, an assessment was carried out of all the key species included in the Dartmoor BAP, Table 3 shows the condition of the Dartmoor BAP species included in this report as of 2011.

Key Species Dartmoor Importance Conservation Value Greater Horseshoe Bat Holds one of the largest European protected species; breeding sites in Europe rapid national decline Dunlin The most southerly breeding High conservation concern population in the world Red-backed Shrike The only British breeding pairs Re-colonised after 18years national absence Ring Ouzel The only breeding population High conservation concern; in southern England National decline Southern Damselfly 3 of the 5 Devon colonies Globally threatened; European protected species Marsh Fritillary Butterfly One of the national Globally threatened; strongholds European protected species; national decline Pearl Bordered and High National strongholds for both Both of high conservation Brown Fritillary Butterflies species priority; Rapid national decline Blue Ground Beetle Holds most of the British Nationally near threatened population Bog Hoverfly Holds all of the British Nationally vulnerable population Deptford Pink The largest British colony Nationally vulnerable Vigur’s Eyebright Only found on Dartmoor and Endemic a few Cornish sites Flax Leaved St John’s Holds most of the British Nationally near threatened Wort population Table 2 - Living Dartmoor Priority Species. Source: DNPA

8 There are 12 Priority Species included in Living Dartmoor. Eight of these are monitored annually and have long term trend data. The status of the remaining 4 is based on less frequent monitoring or expert opinion (State of Dartmoor’s Key Wildlife 2011. Source: DNPA).

12 Species Trend Monitoring Level Greater Horseshoe Bat Stable Annual roost visits and emergence counts at important roosts Dunlin Stable Annual checks; 5-yearly MOD funded surveys and Mires Project surveys Ring Ouzel Down Survey every 5 years; intensive nest record survey 2010-2012 Southern Damselfly Up Annual survey of colonies Marsh Fritillary Up after decline Annual coverage of most sites with five year full survey Pearl Bordered Fritillary Stable Annual coverage of some sites with five year full survey High Brown Fritillary Stable after decline Annual survey of key sites Blue Ground Beetle Stable Five yearly full population survey Bog Hoverfly Stable Five yearly site surveys Deptford Pink Stable after increase Annual survey of main population Vigur’s Eye-Bright Stable after decline Annual survey of whole population Flax-leaved St John’s Stable Annual survey of some sites, five wort years of all Table 3 – State of Dartmoor’s Key Wildlife 2011. Source: DNPA

Greater Horseshoe Bat The south-eastern edge of Dartmoor holds the largest population of greater horseshoe bats in the UK, with one roost at Buckfastleigh being the largest known maternity roost in the UK and possibly in Western Europe. Monitoring of emerging adults at Buckfastleigh shows a stable population at this site, 20161800 saw a 9.2% increase in numbers compared to 2015 (Figure 13), reasons for this increase are 1750currently unknown. 1700 Key Plant Species1650 Population baselines1600 were taken from 2003 and 2005 for the individual plant species. In 2003 the Deptford1550 Pink was recorded to have a population of 6148, records for the Vigur’s Eyebright show a population1500 of 1228 in 2005 (Figure 14). Gaps in the data show where monitoring was not undertaken for1450 this year. Deptford Pink populations, across the three surveyed sites in 2016 have

shown a declineNo. of emergingadults 1400 in numbers since the last high count in 2011 and following the last comprehensive survey that was1350 undertaken in 2013. These declines are largely the result of scrub, bramble and more invasive1300 species taking over the habitat. However the plant is known to germinate readily from a seed bank as a result2012 of ground2013 disturbance and2014 so numbers 2015would be expected2016 to fluctuate. 2016 Vigur’s Eyebright monitoring shows theYear highest numbers since 2007. Numbers remain significantly lower than those of the early 2000s but are now recovering as a result of grazing management.

Southern Damselfly Monitoring of the Southern Damselfly colonies on Dartmoor has been taking place for the last 14 years; data from 2009 onwards has been used within this report where adult peak counts were recorded at all four colonies. After record counts of both adults and larvae at Tor View Moor in 2015, counts in 2016 were considerably reduced, marking the end of a steady increase in numbers. Despite this decline, numbers were still above the average recorded at this site since monitoring began. Monitoring at the other 3 colonies show more signs for concern, adult peak counts were at their lowest at Moortown Bottom since monitoring began and counts at Prewley Moor were also 13 considerably lower than average (Figure15). The Lower Prewley site, despite having benefited from past scrub clearance and the introduction of grazing is still only being utilised by occasional strays from the adjacent Prewley Moor colony. The reasons for the decline in 2016 remain uncertain, although they are thought to be a result of possible predation or parasitism. However, many insects show a ‘boom-bust’ pattern of population sizes with crashes following abnormally high population peaks. The quality and availability of suitable habitat remains good and there is no reason to suspect that the decline is a result of site management or other site factors that can be controlled9.

Marsh Fritillary and High Brown Fritillary Marsh Fritillary presence was confirmed at 42 Dartmoor sites in 2015, although numbers were not as high as the peak in 2014. The presence of the parasite Cotesia bignellii was noted at several sites in 2015 and is likely to have contributed to lower population numbers in 2016 at some sites, whilst others are unaffected – this natural parasite cycle shows why it is important to have multiple butterfly colonies supported by Dartmoor’s extensive network of suitable habitat. High Brown populations have shown similar declines in 2016 (Figure 16), probably as a result of unfavourable weather; data appears to suggest that the Dartmoor population has not fared as well when compared to the UK population, however, the High Brown is only found in 3 landscapes within England (Dartmoor, Exmoor and The Morecambe Bay) and the Exmoor data has skewed the UK wide figures. Dartmoor High Brown populations can in fact be considered to be relatively stable, against a backdrop of 97% declines since the 1970’s. Both species saw lower numbers in 2012 following wet weather during the main flight period and higher numbers in 2014 when the flight period was warmer and sunnier.

Wood Warbler Monitoring of 27 Dartmoor Oak woodlands show a 47% decline in the number of Wood Warbler breeding territories since 2012 (Figure 17) and across Devon, populations have seen a 73% decrease in the number of occupied tetrads in the breeding season over the last 30 years. The monitoring of Wood Warbler nests on Dartmoor shows that the number of young produced is variable, low breeding success in 2016 is thought to be a result of very high levels of nest predation. Population decline is not thought to be a result of decreased productivity and breeding ground impacts; new research to identify causes for the decline is focussing on migration and locating African wintering areas.

Dunlin In 2014, a breeding bird survey of Dartmoor mires was undertaken as a repeat of that carried out in 2010, in particular to assess dunlin numbers and distribution. The 2010 survey recorded 16 breeding pairs of dunlin. This was in line with the findings of surveys in 2006 and 2007 which considered the population to be moderately stable at around 15 pairs. In 2014, 22 pairs were found which was a significant increase (38%) on the previous survey and was by far the highest figure ever recorded on Dartmoor. Visually the work at the three restored sites had created considerable additional habitat for dunlin. The increased number of permanent pools and the generally wetter surroundings were the most notable features. It was at or around the restored sites that the majority of the population increase took place, with numbers at non-restored sites stable or even decreasing. The results of the survey emphasised that good quality blanket bog

9 Monitoring and Management for the Southern Damselfly on Dartmoor 2016

14 Species Trend Monitoring Level Greater Horseshoe Bat Stable Annual roost visits and emergence counts at important roosts Dunlin Stable Annual checks; 5-yearly MOD habitat is essential for breeding dunlin, and reliably suggest,funded for thesurveys first and time, Mires that Project it is probably the availability of such prime habitat which is the limiting factorsurveys for this species. A follow up sample surveyRing of just Ouzel the restoration sites Downin 2016 showed these areasSurvey continue every 5 years; to support intensive breeding nest dunlin. record survey 2010-2012 EffortsSouthern to conserve, Damselfly improve and extendUp this habitat in theAnnual future survey will be of criticalcolonies in determining the futureMarsh of the Fritillary species on DartmoorUp10,11 after. decline Annual coverage of most sites with five year full survey Ring OuzelPearl Bordered Fritillary Stable Annual coverage of some sites with five year full survey The RingHigh Ouzel Brown was Fritillary placed on theStable Birds afterof Conservation decline RedAnnual List survey following of key a sitesnational decline of over 50%Blue Groundin 25years, Beetle the DartmoorStable population is highly vulnerableFive yearly fulland population at risk of surveylocal extinction. Stable Five yearly site surveys MonitoringBog Hoverfly of Ring Ouzels has taken place comprehensively for the past seven years, in more recent Deptford Pink Stable after increase Annual survey of main population years Vigur’smonitoring Eye- hasBright taken on a lighterStable afterapproach decline due to availabilityAnnual survey of offunding, whole populationthis is likely to have had anFlax impact-leaved on Stthe John’s reliability ofStable surveys, however, valuableAnnual information survey of someis still sites, being five provided. A surveywort in 2006 found that numbers had approximately halvedyears sinceof all the late 1970s to 10-15 pairs and detailed survey work since 2010 has found a very small population of around 8-10 breeding pairs. In 2016 7 breeding pairs were confirmed, with a possible additional male sited, in 2015 8 pairs were confirmed with a 3 additional males and in 2013 and 2014 seven breeding pairs were confirmed. Following significant range contraction in previous years, the trend was less evident in 2016, with birds returning to some sites and utilising further new sites12 (Figure 18).

1800 1750

1700 1650 1600 1550 1500 1450

No. of emergingadults 1400 1350 1300 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year

Figure 13 - Greater Horseshoe Bat, number of emerging adults at Buckfastleigh. Source: Vincent Wildlife Trust (Colin Morris) 2016.

10 Dartmoor Mires Project Breeding Birds Survey 2014. Summary Report. 11 Dartmoor Mires Project Breeding Birds survey 2016 12 Dartmoor Ring Ouzels 2016. RSPB/DBRC

15 Figure 13 - Greater Horseshoe Bat, number of emerging adults at Buckfastleigh. Source: Vincent Wildlife Trust (Colin Morris) 2016. Figure 13 - Greater Horseshoe Bat, number of emerging adults at Buckfastleigh. Source: Vincent Wildlife Trust (Colin Morris) 2016.

11000 10000 11000 9000 10000 8000 9000 7000 8000 Vigur's 6000 Eyebright 7000 5000 Vigur's 6000 EyebrightDeptford Pink Population 4000 5000 Deptford Pink

Population 3000 4000 2000 3000 1000 2000 0 1000 0 Year

Year Figure 1414 -- PopulationPopulation ofof key key plant plant species. species. Source: Source: DNPA DNPA

Figure 14 - Population of key plant species. Source: DNPA

350

350300 Tor View Moor 300250

MoortownTor View 250200 BottomMoor

Moortown 200150 Prewley MoorBottom Peak Count 150100 LowerPrewley Moor Peak Count Prewley 50 100 Lower Prewley 500 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Figure 15 - Southern Damselfly adult peak counts.Year Source: DNPA

Figure 15 - Southern Damselfly adult peak counts. Source: DNPA

16 Population 500 large 450 Population

500 400 medium 450 large small 350 Index 400 medium 300 High Brown Fritillary 350 small Index 250 Dartmoor 300 High Brown Fritillary 200 UK 250 Dartmoor Population 150 200 Marsh Fritillary 100 UK

Population 150 Dartmoor 50 Marsh Fritillary 100 UK 0 Dartmoor 50 UK 0 Year Year Figure 16 - Marsh Fritillary and High Brown Fritillary population indices. Source: Butterfly FigureConservation 16 - Marsh Fritillary and High Brown Fritillary population indices. Source: Butterfly Conservation Figure 16 - Marsh Fritillary and High Brown Fritillary population indices. Source: Butterfly Conservation

160 4.5

160140 4.54

3.5 140120 4 Fledglings per breeding

3.53 120100 attemptFledglings per breeding 32.5 10080 attempt 2.52 Number of 8060 territories 21.5 (singingNumber of

Number of of territories Number 6040 males)territories 1.51 (singing

Number of of territories Number 40 males) 20 10.5 Fledglings per breeding attempt

200 0.50 Fledglings per breeding attempt 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0 Year 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Figure 17 - Wood Warbler average nestYear productivity. Source: RSPB/Devon Birds

Figure 17 - Wood Warbler average nest productivity. Source: RSPB/Devon Birds

17 Figure 18 - Ring Ouzel breeding population (pairs). Source: Dartmoor Ring Ouzel Survey 2016. DBRC/ Devon Birds/RSPB Figure 18 - Ring Ouzel breeding population (pairs). Source: Dartmoor Ring Ouzel Survey 2016. DBRC/Devon Birds/RSPB

18 Archaeological Heritage

Archaeological Heritage

A scheduled monument is a legal designation imposed by the Government for an archaeological site of historic building/structure,Classification that of Scheduleddue to a range Monuments of criteria 2016 is deemed to be worthy by protection of the law.High The risk National Park currently181 has 1082 scheduled monuments, the highest number ofAr anychaeological EnglishMedium National Heritage Risk Park and 5.5%171 of all scheduled monuments in England; the Low Risk 730 number has reduced since 2010 due to a past mistake in the way scheduled monuments were counted. The mistake counted a number of scheduled monuments as individual monuments, when Headline Indicator Date of data Latest data Change from 2010 in fact theyTable constituted 4 – Classification as the of same scheduled scheduling. monuments (2016). Total number of scheduled 2016 1082 -126 monuments Of the 1082Number scheduled of scheduled monuments within the2016 National Park, 352181 (33%)are classified -7% as high risk and 171 as mediummonuments650 risk (Table at 4).risk Scheduled (includes monuments are classified as ‘at risk’ if they are classified as 13 high or mediumhigh600 a ndrisk, medium 33% risk)of the National Parks scheduled monuments are currently classified as ‘at risk’, a 7% decrease550 from 2010, where 40% of SMs were considered to be at risk (Figure 19). 500 450 Classification of Scheduled Monuments 2016 High risk 181 400 Medium Risk 171 350 Low Risk 730 300 Table 4 – Classification of scheduled monuments (2016). 250 200Table 4 – Classification of scheduled monuments (2016). Scheduled monuments are removed from the ‘at risk’ register following successful interventions to Number of of risk' SMs 'at Number 150 remove primary100 threats, the main threat is predominantly bracken and dense gorse which causes direct damage to the archaeology, as well as impacting its amenity value and setting. Since 2010, 50 650 bracken has increased0 600 in proportion to other threats as conservation works have been targeted 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 towards easier to550 win sites (Figure 20). Due to the success of the micro-chipping project and full consultation into 500 the Local Forest Design Plans with theYear Forestry Commission and South West Lakes Trust, threats from450 theft and forestry have been greatly reduced. Since 2010, the baseline 114 at risk Scheduled400 Monuments has been removed from the register due to positive conservation interventionsFigure 19 and - Number350 works. of scheduledFigure 21 monumentsshows which ‘at risk’. organisations Source: DNPA have been responsible for organising or funding the works.300 13 Historic England has250 changed their annual reporting to record just ‘high risk’ sites for ‘at risk’, medium sites are now termed ‘vulnerable’. DNP continues200 to report ‘at risk’ SMs as those classified at ‘high’ and ‘medium’ risk.

Number of of risk' SMs 'at Number 150 100 19 50 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year 4 Historic England has changed their annual reporting to record just ‘high risk’ sites for ‘at risk’, medium sites are now termed ‘vulnerable’. DNP continues to report ‘at risk’ SMs as those classified at ‘high’ and ‘medium’ risk. Figure 19 - Number of scheduled monuments ‘at risk’. Source: DNPA

4 Historic England has changed their annual reporting to record just ‘high risk’ sites for ‘at risk’, medium sites are now termed ‘vulnerable’. DNP continues to report ‘at risk’ SMs as those classified at ‘high’ and ‘medium’ risk. Archaeological Heritage

Headline Indicator Date of data Latest data Change from 2010 Total number of scheduled 2016 1082 -126 monuments Number of scheduled 2016 352 (33%) -7% monuments at risk (includes high and medium risk)13 Premier Archaeological Landscapes (PALs) are unofficial but innovative local designations designed to represent the archaeological equivalent of a SSSI/SAC. They were created as part of the Moorland Vision to representClassification the best of Scheduled examples ofMonuments Dartmoor’s 2016 rich archaeological resources. It was agreed by all the MoorlandHigh risk Vision signatories that181 within the PALs archaeological management would take precedence.Medium In total Risk there are 14 PALs171 covering a variety of archaeological landscapes. It was envisaged thatLow each Risk PAL would have its own730 management plan, several plans were drawn up before it was realised that the HLS management plans were meeting the same objectives. The managementTable plans4 – Classification also included of scheduled the undertaking monuments of (2016). archaeological surveys that would help to inform future management, 5 surveys still need to be completed.

650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200

Number of of risk' SMs 'at Number 150 100 50 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Figure 19 - Number of scheduled monuments ‘at risk’. Source: DNPA

Figure 19 - Number of scheduled monuments ‘at risk’. Source: DNPA 2010 2016 2% 2% 3% 1% 8% 6%

7% 8%

14%

67% 4 Historic England has changed their annual reporting to record just ‘high risk’ sites for ‘at risk’,82% medium sites are now termed ‘vulnerable’. DNP continues to report ‘at risk’ SMs as those classified at ‘high’ and ‘medium’ risk.

Bracken Scrub Bracken Scrub Stock erosiom Theft Stock erosion Visitor disturbance Forestry Other Other Figure 20 - Main threats to Scheduled Monuments (2010/2016). Source: DNPA

Figure 20 - Top threats to Scheduled Monuments (2010/2016). Source: DNPA

20 2% Natural England funded ES works 3% 9% English Heritage / Historic England funding 31% DNPA 10% Volunteer projects

Land Marc / Defence Estates 15% National Trust

30% Woodland Grant Scheme

Figure 21 - Positive conservation interventions since 2010. Source: DNPA 2010 2016 2% 2% 3% 1% 8% 6%

7% 8%

14%

67% 82%

Bracken Scrub Bracken Scrub Stock erosiom Theft Stock erosion Visitor disturbance Forestry Other Other

Figure 20 - Top threats to Scheduled Monuments (2010/2016). Source: DNPA

2% Natural England funded ES works 3% 9% English Heritage / Historic England funding 31% DNPA 10% Volunteer projects

Land Marc / Defence Estates 15% National Trust

30% Woodland Grant Scheme

Figure 21 - Positive conservation interventions since 2010. Source: DNPA

21 Historic Built Environment

Historic Built Environment

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2010 data Number of listed buildings 2016 2059 -503 Number of listed buildings at 2016 36 (1.7%) +0.2% risk (and %)

The importance of Dartmoor’s historic built environment is reflected in the high proportion of heritage assets that have national recognition and statutory protection through being designated as listed buildings orNumber by being ofwithin listed a conservationbuildings by area. classification In addition, Dartmoor National Park Authority has identifiedGrade and I surveyed some 90042 historic farmsteads which have been added to the Historic EnvironmentGrade Record II* (HER), and has produced133 guidance on how to conserve this valuable resource. Grade II 1884

There are currently 2060Total designated listed buildings2059 within the National Park (Table 5). Since 2010 a total of 25 new listed buildings have been designated, these include listing revisions for HM Prison Princetown andTabl Okehamptone 5 - Number ofCamp, listed asbuildings well as bya numberclassification. of First Source: World DNPA War village war memorials. Although new listed buildings have been designated, the number of listed buildings has dropped by 503 since 2010. This is due to a revision of the way in which the numbers are calculated to bring the figures in line with national guidance from Historic England which allows accurate comparison acrossW authorities.ater Environment Rather than include individual addresses, as was previously the case, the total number of listed building entries recorded on the National Heritage List is given. This gives a new total of 2060 listed buildings within Dartmoor National Park.

Listed buildingsHeadline were Indicator last surveyed in 2012Date and of latestthe total Latestdeemed data to be ‘atChange risk’ from from neglect 2010 and decay was found to be 36. This is a reductiondata of 3 since 2010 but due to the revision in listed building% totals of monitored outlined riverabove, length the overall2015 percentage has98% risen of slightly to+5% 1.7%. A total of 1.1% of achieving ‘moderate’ or 534km of the listed buildings designated at Grade I or II* are deemed to be at risk – this compares favourably ‘good’ status monitored with the average for the South West of 3% and a nationalriver average length of 4%

Since 2010 the total number of Conservation Areas has also increased, from 23 to 25, with new designated areas created for Ilsington and Walkhampton in 2013. Condition of Waterbodies 2015 Good 21 Moderate 29 Poor 1

Table 6 - Condition of National Park Waterbodies 2015. Source: © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. 22 Historic Built Environment

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2010 data Number of listed buildings 2016 2059 -503 Number of listed buildings at 2016 36 (1.7%) +0.2% risk (and %)

Number of listed buildings by classification Grade I 42 Grade II* 133 Grade II 1884 Total 2059

Table 5 - Number of listed buildings by classification. Source: DNPA Table 5 - Number of listed buildings by classification. Source: DNPA

Water Environment

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2010 data % of monitored river length 2015 98% of +5% achieving ‘moderate’ or 534km of ‘good’ status monitored river length

Condition of Waterbodies 2015 Good 21 Moderate 29 Poor 1

Table 6 - Condition of National Park Waterbodies 2015. Source: © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016.

23 Historic Built Environment

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2010 data Number of listed buildings 2016 2059 -503 Number of listed buildings at 2016 36 (1.7%) +0.2% risk (and %)

Number of listed buildings by classification Grade I 42 Grade II* 133

Grade II 1884 WaterHistoric BuiltTotal Environment 2059 Environment HeadlineTable 5 -IndicatorNumber of listed buildingsDate by of classification. latest Latest Source: data DNPA Change from 2010 data Number of listed buildings 2016 2059 -503 Number of listed buildings at 2016 36 (1.7%) +0.2% Waterrisk Environment (and %)

Number of listed buildings by classification Headline IndicatorGrade I Date of latest42 Latest data Change from 2010 data % of monitored riverGrade length II* 2015 133 98% of +5% achieving ‘moderate’Grade or II 1884534km of ‘good’ status monitored Total 2059river length

The water sources of the National Park are of huge regional importance, providing 45% of South Table 5 - Number of listed buildings by classification. Source: DNPA West Waters daily waterCondition supply toof domestic Waterbodies and business 2015 customers across Devon and Cornwall and small parts of DorsetGood and Somerset. The EU Water21 Framework Directive required the UK to achieve ‘good’ statusModerate of all waterbodies by 2015;29 however, in recognition of certain limiting circumstancesWater to Environment reachingPoor this target, the Environment1 Agency is now aiming to achieve ‘good’ status of at least 60% of waters by 2021 and in as many as possible by 2027. Within the National

Park thereTable are6 - Condition 51 water of bodies National that Park either Waterbodies completely 2015. orSource: partly © fallNatural within England the boundarycopyright. under WaterContains Framework Ordnance Directive Survey Monitoring; data © Crown this copyright includes and 534 database km of right monitored 2016. river length. Current data refersHeadline to cycle 2 Indicator of the Water FrameworkDate Directive, of latest the Latestnumber data of water Change bodies from and the 2010 length of monitored rivers has fallen since dataCycle 1 following the de-designation or combining of waterbodies.% ofOf monitoredthe 51 waterbodies, river length 21 are2015 classified in good98% ecological of status,+5% 29 at moderate and 1 at poorachieving (Table ‘moderate’6). Of the 534km or of monitored river length,534km 35% of are classified as good, 63% as moderate‘good’ status and 2% as poor. Compared to 2014, theremonitored has been an increase in the length river length of monitored river length achieving ‘poor’ status. No waterbodies within the National Park are classified as ‘high’ or ‘bad’ status (Figure 22).

Condition of Waterbodies 2015 Good 21 Moderate 29 Poor 1 Table 6 - Condition of National Park Waterbodies 2015. Source: © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Table 6 - Condition of National Park Waterbodies 2015. Source: © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. The WFD classification system is based on various chemical and biological quality elements. If one element is classified as good and the other is moderate, the entire waterbody will be classified as moderate. WFD status of large river catchments is typically based on a single monitoring point and therefore monitoring does not always provide a complete picture of the condition of rivers on Dartmoor, especially the minor tributaries and headwaters. Improvements in WFD status have been achieved through catchment-scale partnership projects to reduce diffuse and point-source pollution and improve fish passages.

24 725km 700 7% 534km 600 725km 537km 2% 700500 7% Poor 70% 534km 600400 Moderate 537km64% 2%

(km) (km) 63% 500 Good 300 Poor 70% 400200 Moderate 64%

(km) (km) 63% 300 Good 100 23% 36% 35% Condition Condition of monitored river length 2000 2010 2014 2015 100 36% 35% 23% Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Condition Condition of monitored river length 0 Figure 22 - Condition of monitored river length. Source: © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance 2010 2014 2015 Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Figure 22 - Condition of monitored river length. Source: © Natural England copyright. Contains The stateOrdnance of the Survey water data environment © Crown copyright is determined and database by a rightrange 2016. of factors – naturalness of the channel, adequate flow, and the quality of the water. The Environment Agency carries out annual monitoringFigure of22 aquatic- Condition invertebrates. of monitored Data river from length. two Source: monitoring © Natural sites Englandon the Rivercopyright. Dart Containsshow a generalOrdnance 1.2picture Survey of improving data © Crown water copyright quality, and as showndatabase by right an 2016.index of invertebrate diversity (Figure 23, 24)

1 1.2

0.8 1 High

0.6 Good 0.8 Moderate PoorHigh 0.4 0.6 BadGood Moderate 0.2 Poor 0.4 Bad 0 0.2

FigureFigure 2323 -- WaterWater Invertebrate Invertebrate diversity diversity and and population population in inRiver River Dart Dart at Buckfastleigh.at Buckfastleigh. Source:Source: Environment AgencyEnvironment Agency

Figure 23 - Water Invertebrate diversity and population in River Dart at Buckfastleigh. Source:

Environment Agency

25 1.2

0.8 High Good

0.6 Moderate Poor Bad 0.4

0.2

Figure 24 - Water Invertebrate diversity and population in River Dart at Two Bridges. Source: Environment Agency Figure 24 - Water Invertebrate diversity and population in River Dart at Two Bridges. Source: Environment Agency

Learning and Education

26 Learning and Education

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data 2009/10 Total annual attendance of 2016 1389 78% decrease education events organised by DNPA Total annual attendance of 2016 383 83% decrease guided walks led by DNPA Volunteering in the National 2015/16 5884 Baseline data Park volunteering days

In 2012, as a direct result of reduction in funding, DNPA took the decision to restructure the Education Service which resulted in the loss of one paid member of staff and the ‘conversion’ of paid session staff to Volunteer Education Guides. At the same time education bookings from overseas education groups were transferred to an alternative provider. These two factors resulted in a reduction in event and participant numbers (Figure 25). The Education Service is currently a 300 10000 reactive service, responding to enquiries from schools rather than actively seeking ‘new business’ entirely because they are running at capacity with the current Volunteer9000 Education Guide Pool –

250 enquiries from schools with large group sizes are often declined. 8000

7000 Number of Trend data reporting200 from 2003 to present provides qualitative feedback from teachers and group 6000 education leaders and has remained high, with averages over this period showing that 96% ofevents teachers and group leaders150 were ‘satisfied or very satisfied’ with the overall level5000 of service provision and 95% of Number of teachers and group leaders reporting that the event or activity met 4000their learning objectiveseducation ‘well or very well’. 100 participants 3000 Number of of Participants Number

Numberof Education Events 2000 There are over50 70 education providers that use the National Park as an education resource; it is difficult to be more exact with this number given that education providers1000 range from education centres based0 within the National Park to those that travel in a car 0to sites within the National Park.

National Citizen Service on Dartmoor – A case study from one ‘partner provider’

The Dartmoor Centres have been workingYear with The Challenge NCS, where all of the participants come from London and the South-East. Over a 4 year period, 960 NCS participants have attended the programme on Dartmoor. Last year the centres ran 4 weeks of the NCS, week 1 began with a TeamTourism Building and Adventurous Recreation Activities Week; the aim of the week was for the young people to spend time together, whilst they all lived in the same postcode area, there were few friendships with many attending different school and were from different ethnic/cultural backgrounds– one Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2009 data 27 Annual number of tourist 2015 2.31million 3% decrease visitors to Dartmoor (sum of staying visitors and day visitors) Annual number of day 2015 2.05million 6% decrease visitors to Dartmoor Annual number of staying 2015 263,000 17% increase visitors to Dartmoor Total annual visitor spend 2015 139.52million 25% increase Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data 2009/10 Total annual attendance of 2016 1389 78% decrease education events organised by DNPA of the Totaloriginal annual aims attendanceof the NCS ofscheme 2016 is to breakdown 383community barriers83% and decrease by the end of the guided walks led by DNPA week many strong bonds and friendships had been formed. Volunteering in the National 2015/16 5884 Baseline data Park volunteering Comments from NCS participants include; days “I never knew there were places like this in England, it’s like Africa or something” “Where does everyone live” – referring to the amount of open space “Dartmoor is really beautiful, I think I might come here again, how do I get here?”

300 10000

9000

250 8000

7000 200 Number of 6000 education events 150 5000 Number of 4000 education 100 participants 3000 Number of of Participants Number

Numberof Education Events 2000 50 1000

0 0

Year

Figure 25 - Number of Education events and participants. Source: DNPA

Tourism and Recreation

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2009 data Annual number of tourist 2015 2.31million 3% decrease visitors to Dartmoor (sum of staying visitors and day visitors) Annual number of day 2015 2.05million 6% decrease visitors to Dartmoor Annual number of staying 2015 263,000 17% increase visitors to Dartmoor Total annual visitor spend 2015 139.52million 25% increase

28 Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data 2009/10 Total annual attendance of 2016 1389 78% decrease education events organised by DNPA Total annual attendance of 2016 383 83% decrease guided walks led by DNPA Volunteering in the National 2015/16 5884 Baseline data Park volunteering Tourism days and Recreation

300 10000

9000

250 8000

Visiting the National Park 7000 200 Number of The location of the National Park and its landscape has an impact on visitor behaviours and 6000 education motivations. The 2016 visitor survey was a trial survey to gain a wider understandingevents of these 150 5000 behaviours and motivations, whilst the number of responses does not provide statisticalNumber confidence, of the results do correlate with other National Parks surveys and are a 4000strong indicationeducation of peoples 100 participants travels motivations and enjoyment of Dartmoor. In 2016, approximately3000 70% of visitors were from the South West, with a further 10% coming from overseas, on Exmoor, this of Participants Number figure in 2016 was just

Numberof Education Events 2000 over half from50 the South West and 12% from overseas. 1000

Visitors are drawn0 to Dartmoor due to its status as a National Park,0 with walking consistently the primary reason for their visit; over half of respondents on Dartmoor said that walking was the main reason for their visit, on Exmoor this figure was 70%. Visitor enjoyment of Dartmoor is very high, and when asked if their visit had Yearlived up to expectations, 90% responded it was very high or exceptional. Furthermore, 100% of respondents said that they would recommend Dartmoor to others14. Tourism and Recreation Trends

Figures from the 2015 STEAM report show a 3% decrease in the annual number of tourist visitors from 2009; visitor numbers decreased between 2011 and 2013, however, numbers began to rise from 2013; 2015 saw a 5.9% increase in visitor numbers from 2014 (Figure 26). This trend is consistent with overall tourist trends across the UK. Despite the decline in visitor numbers, tourist spending has been increasing annually, annual visitor spend increased by 25% between 2009 and 2015. The increasing visitor spend can be linked to the growing number of staying visitors which increased by 17% between 2009 and 2015 (Figure 27).

14 Dartmoor National Park 2016 Visitor Survey

29 2.40 160 2.40 160 2.40 160 2.20 140

2.20 140 2.20 120140

2.00 120 2.00 120 Annual Visitor 2.00 100 Annual Visitor 100 Numbers 1.80 NumbersAnnual Visitor 1.80 80100 1.80 Numbers 1.60 80 Total Visitor 80 1.60 60 SpendTotal Visitor 1.60 60 SpendTotal Visitor 1.40 4060 Spend 1.40 Visitor Spend (Millions) 40 Visitor Spend (Millions)

1.40 40

1.20 Visitor Spend (Millions)

20 1.20 20 Annual Annual Visitor Numbers (Thousands) 1.20 20 Annual Annual Visitor Numbers (Thousands) 1.00 0

Annual Annual Visitor Numbers (Thousands) 1.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0 1.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012Year 2013 2014 2015 Year Figure 26 - Annual visitor numbers and total visitor spend. Source: STEAM Figure 26 - Annual visitor numbers and total visitor spend. Source: STEAM Figure 26 - Annual visitor numbers and total visitor spend. Source: STEAM Figure 26 - Annual visitor numbers and total visitor spend. Source: STEAM

270000

260000270000 250000260000270000 240000250000260000 230000240000250000 220000230000240000 210000220000230000 200000210000220000 190000200000210000 180000190000200000 170000180000190000 170000180000 Staying Visitors (Thousands) 160000

Staying Visitors (Thousands) 150000160000170000 Staying Visitors (Thousands) 150000160000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 150000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012Year 2013 2014 2015 Year Figure 27 –Annual number of staying visitors. Source: STEAM Figure 27 –Annual number of staying visitors. Source: STEAM Figure 27 –Annual number of staying visitors. Source: STEAM LargeFigure Scale 27 –RecreationAnnual number of staying visitors. Source: STEAM

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 2009 Headline Indicator Datedata of latest Latest data Change from 2009 Headline Indicator Datedata of latest Latest data Change from 2009 Number of events considered data throughNumber ofthe events DNPA consideredorganised 2016 63 Percentage increase Number of events considered 2016 63 Percentage increase eventsthrough system the DNPA organised of 19% eventsthrough system the DNPA organised 2016 63 ofPercentage 19% increase eventsNumber system of participants of 19% takingNumber part of participantsin organised 2016 18,258 Percentage increase Number of participants 2016 18,258 Percentage increase eventstaking part in organised of 66% eventstaking part in organised 2016 18,258 ofPercentage 66% increase events of 66% The number of events considered through the DNPA event notification system has increased by 19% since 2009, however, numbers have recently fallen since a peak in 2013. Whilst the number of events coming through the notification system has shown a slight decrease from 2013, the number of people taking part in events has increased by 66% since 2009, with a recorded 18,258 participants taking part in events in 2016 (Figure 28). This suggests that whilst there might be

30 fewer events on Dartmoor the events that are taking place are growing in size. The increasing number of participants demonstrates the value of Dartmoor National Park in providing recreation and access opportunities; it is also likely to increase pressures on communities, habitats and wildlife.

80 20000 18000 70 18000 16000 60 14000 14000

50 50 12000 40 10000 8000 30 8000 No. of events No. of events 6000 6000 No. of participants 20 No. of participants 4000 10 10 2000 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year

No. of event applicationsNo. of participants

Figure 28 - DNPA event applications and number of participants. Data source: DNPA Events Notification System Infrastructure Infrastructure

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data 2010 % length of PRoW which are 2016/2017 79% -16% since ‘easy to use’ 2010/11 Number of people using 2015 26,528 12.3% increase Haytor monitored footpath

Area of land which is open to public access (ha) Dartmoor Common Land 35,310 Open Country 11,346 Total area 46,656 (49% of Dartmoor National Park) Lengths of Public Rights of Way (km) Footpaths 354 Bridleways 360 Byways 19 Total length 733km

Total length of long distance walking routes Total length (Two Moors Way, Tarka Trail, 308km West Devon Way, Dartmoor Way, Taw Teign Link, Two Castles Trail, Templer Way)

31 Public Rights of Way (PRoW) and Access Land Access Land on Dartmoor is land with a designated right of access under the Dartmoor Commons Act 1985 and the Countryside & Rights of Way Act, 2000 (CRoW Act). Around 49% of the National Park is designated Access Land. The National Park also has 733Km of Public Rights of Way (PRoW); PRoW monitoring is undertaken twice a year in May and November along randomly generated samples of 10% of the paths, this methodology is used across all National Parks to calculate the percentage of PRoW that are defined as ‘easy to use’. The data shows this has fallen by 16% since 2010/11 to 79% in 2016/17 (Figure 29). All public rights of way are assessed based on criteria provided by Devon County Council and a pass or fail is based on the degree of obstruction, interference and inconvenience from a number of listed items. The decrease in condition of PRoW is largely due to paths failing surveys due to the condition of their infrastructure, e.g. missing signs and broken stiles and damages to the surface condition, largely a result of increased erosion from rainfall events. The ongoing maintenance of the PRoW network has been impacted by the decrease in available funding, resulting in fewer staff on the ground, making it harder to carry out maintenance and repairs.

100% 95% 90% 85% 80%

% 'easy to use'% 'easy 75% 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 Year

Figure 100%29 - % length of PRoW that are ‘easy to use’. Source: DNPA Figure 2995% - % length of PRoW that are ‘easy to use’. Source: DNPA Erosion Sites90% 85% New baseline80% monitoring of erosion sites has been undertaken from 2013 and as a result current monitoringto use'% 'easy is75% not directly comparable with that of previous years. 234 sites have currently been 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 surveyed; with 52% of these either stable25% or improving23% (Figure 30). The 2010 State of the Park reported that most erosion sites are linear (usually paths)Year and that the most common causes of erosion at these sites are a combination of heavy use by walkers, stock, horses and water erosion. These key pressures remain; however, cycling is becoming 25%a growing pressure, with reports of Figure 29 - % length of PRoW that are27% ‘easy to use’. Source: DNPA increased cycle tracks visible on routes, including those where cycling is not permitted.

Sufficiently recovered Stable Improving Deteriorating 25% 23% Figure 30 - Condition of surveyed erosion sites. Source: DNPA

27% 25%

27000 26000 Sufficiently recovered Stable 25000 Improving Deteriorating 24000 Figure 30 - Condition of surveyed erosion sites. Source: DNPA Figure23000 30 - Condition of surveyed erosion sites. Source: DNPA 22000

Annual Annual total (people) 32 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year 27000 26000 Figure25000 31 - Haytor footpath annual users. Source: DNPA 24000 23000 22000 Annual Annual total (people) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year

Figure 31 - Haytor footpath annual users. Source: DNPA 100% 95% 90% 85% 80%

% 'easy to use'% 'easy 75% 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 Year

Figure 29 - % length of PRoW that are ‘easy to use’. Source: DNPA

25% 23% Car park and footpath figures

25% Monitoring of the National Park car parks27% and footpaths shows the levels of use of the sites or paths and can demonstrate on the ground changes in visitor numbers. Use of the Haytor footpath has steadily increased from 2012 onwards, showing a similar trend to the number of annual tourist visitors to the National Park (FigureSufficiently 31). recovered Use of the HaytorStable lower car park, however, remains steady; a small increase in users can beImproving seen between 2013Deteriorating and 2015. Annual users of the Postbridge car park increased by 22% in 2015 from 2012 to 58266 cars, again, following the trend of increasing visitor numbersFigure 30 -(Figure Condition 32). of surveyedThere is erosionnot sufficient sites. Source: data DNPAto show usage for Princetown car park, data can be missing from some sites at certain times due to counter reliability.

27000 26000 25000 24000 23000 22000 Annual Annual total (people) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year

Figure 31 - Haytor footpath annual users. Source: DNPA

Figure 31 - Haytor footpath annual users. Source: DNPA 70000

65000 60000 Haytor 55000 50000 Postbridge

Number of of Cars Number 45000 40000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year

Figure 32 - Car park counters, annual usage. Source: DNPA Figure 32 - Car park counters, annual usage. Source: DNPA

Community Well-being

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data 2012 Average Dartmoor House 2015 £303,129 3.8% increase Price

350,000 300,000 250,000 Dartmoor

200,000 33 Devon

Price 150,000 National 100,000 50,000 0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Year

Figure 33 - Average Dartmoor house price. Source: Land Registry

2008 (mid-year estimate) 2015 (mid-year estimate) Total Population of DNP 34,977 34,000 Population aged 65+ 8,582 (24.5%) 8840 (26%)

Table 6 - Population Statistics. Source: Office for National Statistics 70000

65000 60000 Haytor 55000 50000 Postbridge

Community of Cars Number 45000 40000 Well-being2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year

Figure 32 - Car park counters, annual usage. Source: DNPA

Community Well-being

70000

Headline 65000 Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from 60000 data 2012 Haytor Average Dartmoor House 2015 £303,129 3.8% increase 55000 Price 50000 Postbridge

The average of Cars Number 45000 Dartmoor house price in 2015 was £303,129, 33% higher than the average for Devon and 11% higher40000 than the national average (Figure 33). In 2011 the Land Registry began producing data at a postcode2011 level; data from2012 2011 onwards2013 is therefore2014 more accurate2015 as it includes Dartmoor350,000 only postcode. Given this change, theYear 2015 average Dartmoor house price has not been compared300,000 to house prices prior to 2012. The 2015 average Dartmoor house price in 2015 was 250,000 Dartmoor £303,129,Figure 3.8%32 - Car higher park counters, than the annual 2012 usage. average Source: Dartmoor DNPA house price of £291,797. In comparison, the average200,000 Devon house price has fallen by 3.06% since 2012. Devon

Price 150,000 Community Well-being National The proportion100,000 of the Dartmoor population aged 65 and over has continued to increase, in 2015 (mid-year estimate)50,000 26% of the population were aged 65+, an increase of 1.5% compared to 24.5%Headline in 20080 (Table Indicator 6). Each NationalDate Park ofin Englandlatest andLatest Wales data has a higherChange percentage from of 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 population aged 65+ than England anddata Wales as a whole. The aging population2012 trend can also Year be seenAverage UK wide, Dartmoor with the House population 2015aged 65+ growing by£303,129 47% since mid-19743.8% increase and making up 18%Price of the total population in mid-2014. An increase in an aging population can increase the overallFigure demand33 - Average for Dartmoorhealth services house price. in an Source: area and Land shift Registry the focus to particular types of health services.

350,000 300,000 2008 (mid-year estimate) 2015 (mid-year estimate) Total250,000 Population of DNP 34,977 34,000 Dartmoor

Population200,000 aged 65+ 8,582 (24.5%) 8840 (26%) Devon

Price 150,000 National 100,000 50,000 Table 6 - Population0 Statistics. Source: Office for National Statistics 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Year Figure 33 - Average Dartmoor house price. Source: Land Registry

Figure 33 - Average Dartmoor house price. Source: Land Registry

34 2008 (mid-year estimate) 2015 (mid-year estimate) Total Population of DNP 34,977 34,000 Population aged 65+ 8,582 (24.5%) 8840 (26%)

Table 6 - Population Statistics. Source: Office for National Statistics 70000

65000 60000 Haytor 55000 50000 Postbridge

Number of of Cars Number 45000 40000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year

Figure 32 - Car park counters, annual usage. Source: DNPA

Community Well-being

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data 2012 Average Dartmoor House 2015 £303,129 3.8% increase Price

350,000 300,000 250,000 Dartmoor

200,000 Devon

Price 150,000 National 100,000 50,000 0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Year

Figure 33 - Average Dartmoor house price. Source: Land Registry

2008 (mid-year estimate) 2015 (mid-year estimate) Total Population of DNP 34,977 34,000 Population aged 65+ 8,582 (24.5%) 8840 (26%) Table 6 - Population Statistics. Source: Office for National Statistics

Indices of Deprivation Table 6 - Population Statistics. Source: Office for National Statistics The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) provides a measure of relative deprivation for every Lower Super Output Area (LSOA), or neighbourhood in England. It is calculated from the Indices of Deprivation which combines information from seven domains to provide an overall measure of deprivation and therefore gives an idea of how deprived an area is in a particular domain, in comparison with the rest of the country (or relative to a larger area, such as the National Park as a whole). The seven weighted domains for the indices of deprivation include income, employment, education, health, crime, barriers to housing and services and living environment. 29% of Dartmoor LSOAs fall into the below average national quintile for deprivation (Quintile 4), while none of the LSOAs fall into the least deprived national quintile. 17% of LSOAs fall into the second most deprived national quintile (Quintile 2), however, none fall into the most deprived national quintile (Figure 34). The average IMD score for Dartmoor is 17.1, slightly lower than but still in line with the national average of 21.78.

The average life expectancy for Dartmoor is 83.2 years, 1.9years longer than the national average of 81.3 and 0.8 years longer than the Devon County average of 82.4. There is, however, a large difference in the length of life expectancy across the Dartmoor LSOAs; the shortest life expectancy being 78.1years and the longest 89.0years, suggesting that across areas Dartmoor, a life expectancy can vary by 10.9 years. Research suggests that there is a relationship between environmental quality and human health and life expectancy; for example, people living in areas with high quantities of green space are thought to have better health and higher levels of wellbeing15. The longer average life expectancy on Dartmoor compared to the Devon County average and the national average suggests that the qualities of the National Park have a positive impact on the long term health and wellbeing of its residents.

Q1 (Most 17% deprived) 29% Q2

Q4 54% Q5 (Least deprived)

Figure 34 - Percent of Dartmoor LSOAs in IMD National Quintiles. Source: Devon County Council

15 https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/articles/measuringnationalwellbeing/2016 Access to Superfast Broadband Feb 2015 3524.4% Dec 2015 50% Jan 2017 79% (provisional)

Economic Activity

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data Employment within the 2013 9,700 2009 National Park16 8.5% Self-employed as % of 2011 19% National average of labour force 10% Average (mean) gross 2010 £33,039 Difference from the household income (Difference respective regional from the average 1.8% respective regional average - 1.8%) Turnover 2013 £605million

5 Number of people employed in the local economies within the National Park. Valuing England’s National Parks Q1 (Most 17% deprived) 29% Q2

Q4 54% Q5 (Least Superfast Broadband deprived) The connecting Devon and Somerset programme has enabled premises to receive a superfast broadband service beyond commercial rollout, utilising public and private finance. Deliver on Dartmoor is achieved through two phases; phase 1 delivered in partnership with BT Openreach and Figure 34 - Percent of Dartmoor LSOAs in IMD National Quintiles. Source: Devon County Council phase 2 delivered in partnership with Airband Community Internet. Rollout of both phases across Dartmoor is expected to be complete before the end of 2017 and to provide access to superfast broadband (>24mbs) to in excess of 90% of premises.

Access to Superfast Broadband Feb 2015 24.4% Dec 2015 50% Jan 2017 79% (provisional) Table 7 - Percent of premises in Dartmoor National Park with access to superfast broadband Economic Activity

5 Number of people employed in the local economies within the National Park. Valuing England’s National Parks

36 Q1 (Most 17% deprived) 29% Q2

Q4 54% Q5 (Least deprived)

Figure 34 - Percent of Dartmoor LSOAs in IMD National Quintiles. Source: Devon County Council Economic Access to Superfast Broadband ActivityFeb 2015 24.4% Dec 2015 50% Jan 2017 79% (provisional)

Economic Activity

Evidence suggests that the local economy has remained resilient in recent years, benefitting from a diverse economic base. The local rate of economic activity is slightly lower than average at 68%, compared to the England average of 70%. The proportion of full time employees (29%) is relatively 5 low, whileNumber self-employment of people employed (19%) in the localis significantly economies within higher the National than Park.the nationalValuing England’s average National (39% Parks and 10% respectively).

The proportion of Dartmoor’s population who are economically active is similar to the county, regional and national figures. Across Dartmoor, economically active residents account for 70% of the population aged between 16 and 74; within this group a high proportion are in employment. Dartmoor’s unemployment figures are also below regional and national levels; Dartmoor’s unemployment rate is 4% while the national figure is 6%. This analysis is evident in Figure 35.

16 Number of people employed in the local economies within the National Park. Valuing England’s National Parks

37 Figure 35: Breakdown of Dartmoor residents’ economic activity. Source: Census 2011.

BasedFi ongure 2011 35: Breakdown Census data, of Dartmoor Dartmoor, residents’ provides economic 9,580 activity. jobs17 Source:. It is difficult Census 2011.to determine the level of growth over time, but using figures provided in Valuing England’s National Parks, it would appear that employment growth is occurring at a rate of 2.8% per year in Dartmoor. Valuing England’s National Parks also provides an average distribution of business sizes in National Parks. These averages indicate that 91% of businesses in National Parks are Micro, 9% are SME, and less than 1% arePl anningLarge. and New Development

More than half of the businesses on Dartmoor are in “agriculture, forestry and fishing”, Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest Change from “construction” and “professional, scientific anddata technical” sectors.data This is higher than the other EnglishProportion National Parks of dwellings and national granted averages, primarily2011 - because2016 of47% particularly21 high1% decreasenumber of agriculture,permission forestry that and are fishing affordable businesses 18. from 2006-11 Total number of new dwellings 2016 38 2010 Dartmoorcompleted has a very (net) high concentration of employment in Mining & quarrying.14% It is one decrease of the features% that of planning has traditionally applications been granted associated with2016 Dartmoor, and88% the LQ analysis2010 supports this. Employmentannually in Construction, Accommodation & Food, and Real Estate is also above4% decrease average. The LQ19 figures for Dartmoor should be treated with some caution; however, as employment levels are low in the National Park which can distort results (most sectors have less than 1000 jobs)20.

17 Dartmoor’s Sector Outlooks – Final Report to Dartmoor National Park Authority, SERI (2013) 18 Valuing England’s National Parks 19 The location quotients are local measures of concentration and therefore indicate in which particular local authorities there is a relatively high share of employee jobs to be found within a specific industry. An industry is considered to have a high share of employee jobs in a specific area if that area has a higher share of employee jobs in that industry than its local share of national 6 employeeLong jobs. term average 20 HJA adapted from Business Register and Employment Survey

38 Planning and NewFigure 35: Breakdown of Dartmoor residents’ economic activity. Source: Census 2011. Development

Planning and New Development

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest Change from data data Proportion of dwellings granted 2011 - 2016 47%21 1% decrease permission that are affordable from 2006-11 Total number of new dwellings 2016 38 2010 completed (net) 14% decrease % of planning applications granted 2016 88% 2010 annually 4% decrease

Housing affordability remains a significant issue nationally, but is especially important in the National Park where limited land supply demands development must meet local needs. Planning policies have been succeeding in delivering a higher proportion of affordable housing with 47% of new housing completions (excluding certificates of lawfulness, replacement dwellings and agricultural dwellings) since 2010 being delivered as affordable units (Figure 42). Permissions for new dwellings have increased significantly from the ten year low experienced between 2010 and 2012 (Figure 43). Despite this lull the Authority has done well to maintain the high proportion of affordable housing granted planning permission. Between 2011/12 and 2015/16, 47% of all new dwellings granted planning permission were affordable, between 2006/07 and 2010/11 this was 48%.

6 Long term average The total number of housing completions declined significantly in 2009 – 2011 (Figure 42). This drop was partly a result of a significant policy shift brought in by the Core Strategy in 2008, which aimed to focus more on affordable housing rather than open market development. It is also likely due to the ‘credit crunch’ and recessions, and significant reductions in funding for affordable housing. Yearly housing completions have remained relatively consistent since 2012.

Over the last 10 years 57% of new housing has been built in Local Centres (the 8 largest settlements in the National Park). Over the same period 17% of new housing has come forward in the open countryside, this percentage is higher than desired and whilst it includes agricultural conversions and agricultural dwellings, it also includes new dwellings coming forward through certificates of lawfulness.

21 Long term average

39 A high proportion of planning applications continue to be approved which reflects well on the clarity of planning policy and Officers’ work with applicants to ensure proposals are policy compliant. The proportion of applications approved has remained broadly consistent since 2010 (Figure 44). 160 160 140 140 Other (open market) Housing 120 Other (open market)

Housing 120 Certificates of 100 CertificatesLawfulness of 100 Lawfulness Replacement 80 ReplacementDwellings 80 Dwellings 60 Tied Agricultural Dwelling No. of completions 60 Tied Agricultural Dwelling No. of completions 40 Affordable Housing 40 Affordable Housing 20 20 0 0

Year Year Figure 42- Housing completions by type. Source: DNPA Figure 42- Housing completions by type. Source: DNPA Figure 42- Housing completions by type. Source: DNPA 140 140 120 Permitted 120 openPermitted market 100 open market 100 affordable affordable 80 Completed 80 openCompleted market 60 affordableopen market 60 affordable

dwellings completed 40

dwellings completed 40 20 Number of applications granted and 20 Number of applications granted and 0 0

Figure 43 - Planning permissions and completions for new dwellings (excluding replacement dwellings and certificates of lawfulness). Source: DNPA Figure 43 - Planning permissions and completions for new dwellings (excluding replacement dwellings andFigure certificates 43 - Planning of lawfulness). permissions Source: and completions DNPA for new dwellings (excluding replacement dwellings and certificates of lawfulness). Source: DNPA

40 100%

95% 507 487 459 90% 414 466 722 547 437 510 702 85% 80% 75% 70% % Approved 65% 60% 55% 50% 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 Year

Figure 4444 -- %% ofof planning applicationsapplications granted granted annually. annually. Source: Source: DNPA DNPA

Military Training

41 Military Training

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data Actual firing as % of days 2016 61% 2010 available for living firing: all +10% DNP live ranges Actual closure as % of 2016 82% 1990 published closure: all DNP live +19% ranges

Dartmoor Training Area is used by all three armed forces and their cadet organisations for military training.Area Whilst of Liveusing Firing thee DartmoorRanges Training Area troops can be accommodated at Okehampton and WillsworthyArea (ha) Camps. Okehampton 4974.02 Willsworthy 1006.26 The Dartmoor Training Area consists of a total of 12,979.6haMerrivale The MoD own the2889.63 freehold of 1396.96ha of land at Willsworthy, with the remaining 11,582.64haTotal of the training8869.92 area hired from various% landowners of land open under to a public number access of licences which andcan tenancies. be In addition, the19% MoD has a number closed for live firing of licences across Dartmoor which permit ad-hoc military training on private land. The ‘Training on Private Land’ licences cover use of areas including Forestry Commission Woodland and other woodlands, climbingGuaranteed at Dewerstone, Public canoeing Access – at Non Meldon Live Firing Reservoir Days and and abseiling Dates at Meldon. Okehampton Merrivale Willsworthy Military training canEvery be Publicdivided Holiday, into Live Saturday, Firing (which Sunday on andDartmoor consistsEvery Public of light Holiday, arms firing live projectiles) and Dry Training which Mondayincorporates all types of other trainingSaturday including and Sunday the use of blank except weekend ammunition and pyrotechnics (but excluding live projectiles). nd containing 2 Sunday of month It is notJan necessary to exclude1-3 public access when Dry1-3 Training is taking place on1-3 Dartmoor although it is oftenFeb planned to take place away from the public. Mar Beginning and including Wednesday before Easter Apr 1-30 Live Firing May 1-31 Live FiringJun takes place within three Ranges (Willsworthy, Okehampton and Merrivale). For the safety of the Julpublic, it is essential1-31 that the public are excluded from the Live Firing Ranges whilst they are in use withAug live ammunition.1-31 The Ranges can be used1-31 for Dry Training whilst not1-31 in use for live firing Sep 1-15 although the public are not excluded from the Ranges when only being used for Dry Training. Oct Nov Week beginning and including 2nd Monday of month Dec 20-31 20-31 20-31

Table 8 - Guaranteed Public Access – Non Live Firings Days and Dates

. 42 Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data ActualHeadline firing Indicator as % of days 2016Date of latest 61Latest% data 2010Change from available for living firing: all data +10% DNPActual live firing ranges as % of days 2016 61% 2010 Actualavailable closure for living as % firing: of all 2016 82% 1990+10% publishedDNP live ranges closure: all DNP live +19% rangesActual closure as % of 2016 82% 1990 published closure: all DNP live +19% ranges Area of Live Firing Ranges Area (ha) Okehampton 4974.02 Area of Live Firing Ranges Willsworthy 1006.26 Area (ha) MerrivaleOkehampton 2889.634974.02 TotalWillsworthy 8869.921006.26 % of land open to public access which can be Merrivale 19%2889.63 closed for live firing Total 8869.92 % of land open to public access which can be 19% Under closedthe terms for oflive the firing Licence from the Duchy of Cornwall, the public are guaranteed access to the Ranges during theGuaranteed periods in Public Table Access8. – Non Live Firing Days and Dates Okehampton Merrivale Willsworthy EveryGuaranteed Public Holiday, Public Saturday,Access – Non Sunday Live andFiring DaysEvery and DatesPublic Holiday, Okehampton Monday Merrivale SaturdayWillsworthy and Sunday Every Public Holiday, Saturday, Sunday and Everyexcept Public weekend Holiday, Monday containingSaturday and2nd Sunday Sunday of exceptmonth weekend nd Jan 1-3 1-3 containing 12-3 Sunday of Feb month MarJan Beginning 1and-3 including Wednesday 1before-3 Easter 1-3 AprFeb 1-30 MayMar Beginning1 -and31 including Wednesday before Easter JunApr 1-30 JulMay 1-31 AugJun 1-31 1-31 1-31 SepJul 1-1531 OctAug 1-31 1-31 1-31 NovSep Week beginning1-15 and including 2nd Monday of Oct month nd DecNov Week beginning20-31 and including 2 20 Monday-31 of 20-31 month TDecable 8 - Guaranteed20 Public-31 Access – Non Live Firings20-31 Days and Dates 20-31 Table 8 - Guaranteed Public Access – Non Live Firings Days and Dates .T able 8 - Guaranteed Public Access – Non Live Firings Days and Dates The level of use of the live firing ranges increased in 2016; 61% of days available for live firing were . using in 2016 compared to 51% in 2010 (Figure 36). Live firing still only fills an average of 50% of the days on which MOD are licensed to undertake live firing. The MOD anticipate that military use of Dartmoor will increase; the drawdown in troops from Germany resulting in more troops based around Salisbury Plain will displaces some military training from there onto Dartmoor.

The days when Live Firing is due to take place are published 6 weeks in advance to enable the public to plan their visit to the Ranges. Whilst no additional days can be booked for live firing after the 6 week published date, it may be the case that live firing is cancelled at short notice, enabling the public to access the Ranges. The public are notified of any late cancellations (made before 3pm on the day before) through broadcasts on BBC Radio Devon, the Dartmoor Ranges Information Telephone Line (Freephone 0800 4584868) and Twitter@MOD_DIO#moddartmoor. The number of published live fire days being cancelled has steadily been decreasing since 1990, with 81% of published firing days taking place in 2016 compared to 63% in 1990 (Figure 37).

43 65%

60%

55%

50%65% available 45%60%

40%55% actual firing as % of days 35%50%

available 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 45% Year 40% actual firing as % of days 35% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Figure 36 - Actual firing as % of days available for live firingYear

Figure 36 - Actual firing as % of days available for live firing

Figure 36 - Actual firing as % of days available for live firing 100%

90%

80% 100% 70% 90% 60% 80% 50% 70% 40% 60% 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 50% Figure 37 - Actual closure as % of published closure. Source: MoD 40% Figure 37 - Actual closure as % of published closure. Source: MoD 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Figure 37 - Actual closure as % of published closure. Source: MoD

44 Traffic and Transport

Traffic and Transport

Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from data 2011 Annual number of 2016 1111 57% decrease passengers using the ‘Haytor Hoppa’ bus service

The Haytor Hoppa is a circular bus service running on Saturdays that covers the eastern side of th Dartmoor,Location starting and finishing85 percentilein Newton AbbotAverage via Bovey speed Tracey.(mph) Passenger % ofnumbers cars have 22 decreased by 57%, from 2606speed in 2011 (mph) to 1111 in 2016 (Figure 38). 2016 sawviolating a large speeddrop in passenger numbers following the reduction of the service to the summer season,limit with services runningBennet’s from the Cross 4th June to47 the 17th September,38 and therefore only operating38% over 16 Saturdays, previouslySharpitor the service had been47 operating on 28-3138 Saturdays. Prior to 2016,37% passenger numbers had howeverHaytor been reducing,40 2015 saw a 22% decrease35 in the number of passengers,14% despite operating over the same number of Saturdays. Table 9 - Speed visor data across active sites. Source: DNPA The number of road traffic collisions within the National Park (excluding the A382 and A386) has fluctuated slightly in the five year period between 2011 and 2015. Incidents increased by 25% in 2014 compared to 2011, from 43 to 57, however 2015 saw a 22% decrease compared to 2014, falling to 443000 incidents (Figure 39). Further analysis undertaken by Devon County Council suggests that the figures are randomly fluctuating each year. The figures are based on road accidents that are reported2500 to the police.

Speed Visors2000 Speed visors are currently in place at three locations across the National Park; Haytor, Bennet’s Cross 1500 and Sharpitor. The Speed visor is triggered by oncoming vehicles and records the time and speed of the vehicle;1000 it does not record registration plates or vehicle type. The visor will advise vehicles of their speed if they are exceeding the 40mph speed limit. Speed data recorded by the visors Number of passengers throughout March500 2017 is outlined in Table 9. The visors are a partnership project between DNPA, DLPS and Dartmoor Forest Parish Council. 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year

Figure 38 – Annual number of Haytor Hoppa bus passengers. Source: Country Bus Devon

7 The speed below which 85% of vehicles are travelling Traffic and Transport

TrafficHeadline and Indicator Transport Date of latest Latest data Change from data 2011 Annual number of 2016 1111 57% decrease Headline Indicator Date of latest Latest data Change from passengers using the ‘Haytor data 2011 Hoppa’ bus service Annual number of 2016 1111 57% decrease passengers using the ‘Haytor

Hoppa’ bus service th Location 85 percentile Average speed(mph) % of cars 22 speed (mph) violating speed

th limit Location 85 percentile Average speed(mph) % of cars Bennet’s Cross 47 22 38 38% speed (mph) violating speed Sharpitor 47 38 37% limit Haytor 40 35 14% Bennet’s Cross 47 38 38% Sharpitor 47 38 37% TablHaytore 9 - Speed visor data40 across active sites. Source:35 DNPA 14% Table 9 - Speed visor data across active sites. Source: DNPA

Table 9 - Speed visor data across active sites. Source: DNPA

3000

2500 3000

2000 2500

1500 2000

1000 1500 Number of passengers 500 1000 Number of passengers 0 500 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Figure 38 – Annual number of Haytor Hoppa bus passengers. Source: Country Bus Devon Year Figure 38 – Annual number of Haytor Hoppa bus passengers. Source: Country Bus Devon

60 Figure 38 – Annual number of Haytor Hoppa bus passengers. Source: Country Bus Devon 50

7 20 The speed below which 85% of vehicles are travelling

10 7

TheNumber of Road Traffic Collisions speed below which 85% of vehicles are travelling 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year

Figure 39 - Road Injury Collisions in Dartmoor National Park (excluding A roads). Source: Devon County Council Figure 39 - Road Injury Collisions in Dartmoor National Park (excluding A roads). Source: Devon County Council

22 The speed below which 85% of vehicles are travelling Renewable Energy 46

10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000

Installed capacityInstalled (kW) 2,000 1,000 0

Solar thermal capacity GSHP capacity ASHP capacity Biomass capacity Wind capacity Hydro capacity PV capacity

Figure 40 - Growth of renewable energy installed capacity by technology in Dartmoor National Park Source: RegenSW 60

40 Renewable 30 20

Energy10 Number of Road Traffic Collisions 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year

Figure 39 - Road Injury Collisions in Dartmoor National Park (excluding A roads). Source: Devon RenewableCounty energy Council is an important energy resource for reducing carbon emissions and contributing to climate change adaptation. The uptake in renewable technologies has increased significantly; installed renewable energy capacity increased by 340% between December 2011 and December 2015 Renewable(Figure 40). PhotovoltaicEnergy capacity has increased most significantly and is the most popular type of renewable technology installed (Figure 41).

10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000

Installed capacityInstalled (kW) 2,000 1,000 0

Solar thermal capacity GSHP capacity ASHP capacity Biomass capacity Wind capacity Hydro capacity PV capacity

Figure 40 - Growth of renewable energy installed capacity by technology in Dartmoor National Park Source: RegenSW Figure 40 - Growth of renewable energy installed capacity by technology in Dartmoor National Park Source: RegenSW

47 7,000.0

6,000.0

5,000.0

4,000.0

3,000.0

2,000.0 Installed capacityInstalled (kW) 1,000.0

- Solar thermal GSHP ASHP Biomass Wind Hydro PV capacity capacity capacity capacity capacity capacity capacity Thermal MCS projects (kW) Electrical Feed-in Tariff projects (kW)

Figure 41 - Installed renewable energy capacity by technology in Dartmoor National Park Source: RegenSWFigure 41 - Installed renewable energy capacity by technology in Dartmoor National Park Source: RegenSW

Cultural Distinctiveness

Figure 45 - Light pollution and dark skies in Dartmoor National Park and surrounding areas. Source: CPRE

48 Cultural Distinctiveness

7,000.0

6,000.0

5,000.0

4,000.0

Dark Night Skies 3,000.0 Dartmoor’s dark 2,000.0 night skies are an integral part of the tranquillity and the sense of wildness within the National capacityInstalled (kW) Park. Figure 45 shows light pollution in the National Park and surrounding areas. Dartmoor’s 1,000.0 dark-sky resource is under increasing threat as artificial lighting becomes more prevalent and sky glow - from the rapidly growing urban centres of Exeter and Plymouth increases. Research has demonstratedSolar thermal the effectGSHP light pollutionASHP canBiomass have on Windwildlife, byHydro interruptingPV capacity natural capacity capacity capacity capacity capacity capacity behavioural rhythms such as migration, reproduction and feeding23. Light pollution can also Thermal MCS projects (kW) Electrical Feed-in Tariff projects (kW) be attributed to distress in humans, including sleep disturbance24. The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) works to protect dark night skies and designate areas under several categories Figure 41 - Installed renewable energy capacity by technology in Dartmoor National Park Source: for their RegenSWwell-preserved dark-sky qualities. Achieving dark-sky status requires a rigorous application process and requires applications to demonstrate robust community support. There is a possibility of the National Park acquiring dark-sky status, but this is subject to resources and is currently being Cultural Distinctiveness explored.

Figure 45 - Light pollution and dark skies in Dartmoor National Park and surrounding areas. Source: CPRE

23 Royal CommissionFigure 45 on - LightEnvironmental pollution Pollution and dark (2009) skies ‘Artificial in Dartmoor Light in National the Environment’ Park and surrounding areas. Source: 24 CPRE CPRE (2010) ‘Lighting Nuisance Survey’

49 Traditional Orchards Traditional orchards are defined as groups of fruit and nut trees planted on vigorous rootstocks at low densities in permanent grassland; and managed in a low intensity way. Traditional orchards are found across England and are a quintessential component of the historic English landscape. Orchards have traditionally played a significant role in the farming economy, but also play an important role in sustaining landscape quality and cultural distinctiveness. Traditional orchards are becoming increasingly rare due to neglect, agricultural intensification and pressure for development, particularly on the fringes of settlements. A 2008 study conducted by Natural England concluded that since 1950 the overall orchard area in England has declined by 63%25, with Devon losing 89% over a similar time period.

Figure 46 shows the provisional inventory for traditional orchards produced by Natural England as part of their 2011 Traditional Orchards Project26. This provisional survey suggests there may be up to 52.7ha of traditional orchard currently on Dartmoor. The inventory is provisional because in many cases detailed local survey work has not taken place and the presence and quality of orchards has not been confirmed on the ground. Although the number of orchards on Dartmoor has dropped considerably, where they still exist, their contribution to local amenity, biodiversity and cultural heritage is of huge importance.

Figure 46 - Provisional inventory of traditional orchards. Source: Natural England 25 Natural England (2008) ‘State of the Natural Environment Report’ 26 Natural England (2011) ‘TraditionalFigure 46Orchard - Provisional Project in England’inventory of traditional orchards. Source: Natural England

ORVal - Valuing Dartmoor National Park

Estimated annual visits Estimated annual welfare value Dartmoor National 8,280,996 £32,804,243 Park Dartmoor National 6,798,256 £29,932,053 Park paths

Table 10 - Valuation estimates from ORVal for Dartmoor National Park. Source: ORVal ORVal - Valuing Dartmoor National Park

ORVal (Outdoor Recreation Valuation Tool) is a web application developed by the Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP) at Exeter University with support from DEFRA. The main purpose of the tool is to assist with quantifying the benefits that are associated with outdoor recreation areas in England27.

The model is estimated from a large national dataset and establishes how visits and values vary according to;

- The size of the greenspace - Type of land cover - The proximityFigure 46to -and Provisional socio-economicinventory of composition traditional orchards. of nearby Source: population Natural England - The availability of alternative sites

Here ORValORVal has - Valuing been used Dartmoor to explore National the number Park of visits and welfare values associated with the National Park and also for all paths within the National Park (Table 10).

Estimated annual visits Estimated annual welfare value Dartmoor National 8,280,996 £32,804,243 Park Dartmoor National 6,798,256 £29,932,053 Park paths Table 10 - Valuation estimates from ORVal for Dartmoor National Park. Source: ORVal

Table 10 - Valuation estimates from ORVal for Dartmoor National Park. Source: ORVal

27 http://leep.exeter.ac.uk/orval/

51 Data Sources

Data Source Farming and agri-environment

Farm Business Farming Incomes on Dartmoor. Farm Business Survey Results 2005- Income and 2015. individual streams Area of UAA in PLMF Data agri-environment GVA of Farm Incomes on Dartmoor. Farm Business Survey Results 2005-2015. agriculture Climate Change

Climate Data Met Office via Devon County Council Phenology – PiedFly.net and Natural England Pied Flycatcher Air quality

NO2 District Authorities concentration Modelled N Air pollution information system http://www.apis.ac.uk/srcl/select-a- Deposition site?SiteType=SAC&submit=Next Habitats

SSSI Condition Natural England Key species

Plant species DNPA monitoring (Vigur’s eyebright and Deptford Pink) Southern Monitoring and Management for the Southern Damselfly on Dartmoor Damselfly 2016 Marsh Fritillary Butterfly Conservation and High Brown Wood Warbler RSPB/Devon Birds Dunlin Dartmoor Mires Report Ring Ouzel RSPB Greater Vincent Wildlife Trust Horseshoe Bat

52 Archaeology

Scheduled English Heritage/DNPA monuments Historic built environment

Listed buildings English Heritage/DNPA Water Environment

WFD Data Environment Agency Learning and Education

Education DNPA performance indicators events/guided walks Recreation and Enjoyment

Recreation DNPA event notification data events Promoted DNPA GIS walking routes Enabling Access

% length Prow DNPA performance indicators easy to use Monitored car DNPA Recreation and Access parks/footpaths Open access DNPA GIS land Length of PRoW DNPA GIS Erosion sites DNPA condition Tourism

Annual number STEAM Report (in park boundary) of tourist visitors Annual number STEAM Report (in park boundary) of staying visitors Total visitor STEAM Report (in park boundary) spend Community Wellbeing

Average Land Registry Dartmoor house price Total population Office for National Statistics of DNP Small area population estimates in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics Population aged Office for National Statistics 65+ Small area population estimates in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics Life expectancy Devon County Council IMD Scores Devon County Council

53 Economic Activity

Employment ONS (2013) UK Business: Activity, Size and Location, 2012 and additional within the NP analysis of IDBR data Self-employed as a Census 2011 % of labour force Average (mean) Defra Rural Statistics Unit (2010) National Parks: economic comparison gross household income Turnover ONS (2013) UK Business: Activity, Size and Location, 2012 and additional analysis of IDBR data Military Training

Military data MoD/DIO Traffic and Transport

Haytor Hoppa Country Bus Devon Road injury Devon County Council collisions 85th percentile DNPA Speed Visors speed Renewable Energy

Growth/installed Devon County Council capacity Planning and New Development

Proportion of DNPA Forward Planning dwellings granted permission that are affordable Total number of DNPA Forward Planning new dwellings completed (net) % of planning DNPA Forward Planning applications granted annually Cultural Distinctiveness

Light Pollution CPRE Dartmoor National Park Area of Natural England Traditional Orchard