The Beauty and Joy of Internet is pretty much everywhere! Computing Lecture #15 Internet I

UC Berkeley EECS Sr Lecturer SOE Dan Garcia

Web turns 25 ⇒ In 1989, Sir Tim Berners- Lee sat in an office in CERN and developed the WWW. Celebrate: #web25 Garcia bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/11/as-the-world-wide-web-turns-25-fear-about-its-future! UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (4)

www.computerhistory.org/internet_history The Internet (1962) The basics of the basics § Founders ú JCR Licklider, as head of ARPA, writes on “intergalactic network” ú 1963 : ASCII becomes first universal computer standard ú 1969 : Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency “Lick” (DARPA) deploys 4 “nodes” @ UCLA, SRI, Utah, & UCSB ú 1973 Robert Kahn & Vint Cerf invent TCP, now part of the Internet Protocol Suite

§ Internet growth rates Revolutions like this don't come along very often ú Exponential since start! Vint Cerf www.greatachievements.org/?id=3736 http://youtu.be/7_LPdttKXPc! Garcia Garcia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (5) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (6)

The Internet Today Growth of the Internet

§ The major point in building networks is agreement.

§ The Internet was build ú using a decentralized architecture ú using open protocols

Internet Usage as a Percentage of Population (2012) Source: Wikimedia Commons Garcia Garcia UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (7) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (8) Properties of the Internet: Decentralization Properties of the Internet: Open Standards

§ Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): ú Request for Comments (RFC) § Consortium (W3C) ú HTML § International Standards Organization (ISO) ú JPEG, MPEG § Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ú WiFi

Source: BJC Spring 12, Lecture 17 Garcia Garcia UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (9) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (10)

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web (1965) The World Wide Web (1989) § Fundamentally changed § “System of interlinked the way people interact! hypertext documents on § 1965: MIT’s CTSS the Internet” ú Compatible Time-Sharing Sys § History § Exchange of digital info ú 1945: Vannevar Bush § How describes hypertext system World’s First web ú Model: “Store and Forward” ú Alice composes email to called “memex” in article Tim Berners-Lee server in 1990 ú “Push” technology [email protected] ú 1989: Tim Berners-Lee § Pros ú Domain Name System looks proposes, gets system up ’90 ú Solves logistics (where) & up where b.org is ú ~2000 Dot-com entrepreneurs synchronization (when) ú DNS server with the mail rushed in, 2001 bubble burst www.archive.org § Cons exchange server for b.org § Wayback Machine ú Mail is sent to mx.b.org ú “Email Fatigue” ú Snapshots of web over time ú Bob reads email from there ú Information Overload § Today : Access anywhere! ú Loss of Context Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (11) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (12)

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_web_browser en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0 WWW Search & Browser (1993) Web 2.0 : The Social Network (2004) § Browser § “…web development & ú Marc L. Andreesen and Eric J. design that facilitates Bina @ NCSA create , interactive information 1st popular WWW browser sharing, interoperability, First Internet “Killer App” user-centered design and

Later: Navigator collaboration on WWW” ú Now IE (23%), (30%) ú Users change content via § Search “architecture of partipation” ú Before engines, there was a § Examples complete list of all servers! ú 1993 Martijn Koster Aliweb is ú Web communities, 1st web apps, social networks, ú 1997 Stanford Sergey Brin video & photo sharing, and Larry Page develop wikis, blogs, tweets, … Google’s search, based on “You” – Time’s 2006 Person of the Year PageRank (each: $16 Billion) Garcia § “Take back the web!” Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (13) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (14) IP Addresses Problem: No more IP addresses left…

§ Split: First part network, second part computer indicated by /bits: e.g. 192.168.1.103/16 § 232 = 4 billion unique numbers (world population 7 billion)

Garcia Source: Wikimedia Commons Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (15) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (17)

Solution: IPv6 Summary and Outlook

§ The Internet is setup Internet II (Wednesday): for growth using open § Routers standards § Internet Protocols § It is highly failure tolerant due to § Vulnerabilities of the Internet decentralization § More on Social § However, issues arise Implications § 2128 = 3.403 x 1038 unique addresses with trying to improve it. § Issue: Adoption still in progress § Workaround exists: NAT (Network Address

Translation) Garcia Garcia

UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (18) UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : Internet I (19)