DOCSLIB.ORG

Diapir Recognition and Modelling

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diapir Recognition and Modelling D f .f DIAPIR RECOGNITION AND MODELLING with examples from the LATE PROTEROZOIC ADELAIDE GEOSYNCLINE, CENTRAL FLINDERS RANGES, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. by NICHOLAS M. LEMON B.Sc. (Hons.) (Adelaide) Department of Geology and Geophysics The University of Adelaide This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology at the University of Adelaide. October, 1988. (Í) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. ABSTRACT (vi) STATEMB¡T OF ORIGINALITY (vii) ( ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii ) 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 DIAPIR RECOGNITION ANd MODELLING 4 CHAPTER 3 REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SETTING 15 CHAPTER 4 STRATIGRAPHY 32 CHAPTER 5 ENORA}4À DIAPIR 58 CHAPTER 6 BLTNMAN DIAPIR 72 CHAPTER 7 ORAPARINNA DIAPIR 79 CHAPTER 8 DIAPIRS nOrth Of BLINI4AN B2 CHAPTER 9 WIRREALPA ANd ANGORIGINA DIAPIRS 84 CHAPTER 1O DIAPIRS along the NARINNA FAULT and extensions 88 93 CHAPTER 1 1 ThC BELTANA - PINDA LINE CHAPTER 1 2 Far northern FLINDERS and. WILLOURAN RANGES DIAPIRS 100 CHAPTER 1 3 TELFORD DIAPIR (NCW NAINE) 103 CHAPTER 14 GEOCHEI"IICAL SIGNATURE around DIAPIRS 107 CHAPTER 15 GEOPHYSICAL EXPRESSION Of DIAPIRS 112 CHAPTER 16 NATURE of the BRECCIAS and SOURCE BEDS 116 CHAPTER 1 7 SU¡,IÌ"IARY: MODELS for FLINDERS RANGES DIAPIRS 121 REFERENCES ....... 129 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. TITLE on,/between page/s Adelaide Geosyncline: Diapirs and Localities 1-2 2 Change in diapir shaPes 6 3 Stages of salt movernent 8-9 (ii) Figure No. TITLE Onr/between page/s 4 Summary of Adelaidean Stratigraphy 17 5 Adelaide Geosyncline: Tectonic and sedimentary zones 17-18 (6, Facies distribution, Umberatana Group 20-21 7 Facies variation, Brighton Limestone equivalent, section 46 21-22 ,8 AdeLaide Geosyncline: W-E section, Umberatana Group 24-25 9 Sections 52 and 53, Pantapinna Trail- 32-33 10 Sections 39 and 53, Pantapinna Trail 36-37 11 Upper Etina Formation, section E of Dedmans Bore 38-39 12 Facies variation near Enorama Diapir, wundowie Limestone 39-40 13 Tidal bundl-e thickness variation, "Aldoona Band" 41 14a Isopach - "Patterton ShaIe" 43-44 14b Isopach - Wundowie Limestone 43-44 14c Isopach - "Al-doona Band" 43-44 14d Water depth index - Wundowie Limestone 43-44 15 Facies variation near Enorama Diapir, Enorama Shale 45-46 16 Facies variation near Enorama Diapir-, lxezorra Formation 46-47 17 Trezona Formation, depositional models 51 -52 18 Measured sections, Elatina Formation 53-54 19 Directions of tepoid crests, Nuccaleena Formation 56 20 Enorama Diapir, summary of influence 58-59 21 DetaiI of contact, Tapley HiII Formation - Enorama Diapir 59 22 Sketch section across Enorama - Oraparinna Diapirs 60 23 Geology around Dedmans Bore, Enorama Diapir 61 -62 24 Facies variation near Enorama Diapirr upper Etina Formation 62-63 25 Facies variation near Enorama Diapir, lower Enorama shale 63-64 26 Gravity slide, "Aldoona Band", l{ of Enorama Diapir 65 27a Section W of Enorama Diapir, upper Etina F¡n. and Enorama Shale 66-67 27b Detail of algal reef, W margin of Enorama Diapir 66-67 28 Bl-inman Diapir, summary of influence 72-73 29 Bfinman Diapir, structure controlling deposition 72-73 (iii) Figure No. TITLE on/between pager/s 30 Vl-E section, S of Blinman Diapir 73-74 31 w-E section, N of Blinman Diapir 74-75 32 Relationships within Tapley HiII Fm. r W of Blinman Diapir 75 33 Tectonic setting of Central Flinders Diapirs 81-82 34 Geol-ogical map, Oratunga Diapir 82-83 35 Palinspastic reconstruction, development of Oratunga Diapir 82-83 36 Hypothetical cross section, Wirrealpa Diapir A7 37 Thickness variation in the Cambrian sequence, Wirrealpa Diapir 85-86 38 Geological map, Patawarta Diapir and Nuccaleena Dome 88-89 39 Cross section over the Patawarta Diapir 89 40 Bel-tana Diapir 94-95 41 Geology around the Pinda and I'lucatoona HiIl Diapirs 97-98 42 Burr "Diapir" 1 00-1 01 43 Tectonic setting, C and D Lobes, Leigh Creek 103-104 44 Original surface mapping, C Lobe 'lO4 45 Geochemical variation, shales of the upPer Etina Formation 1 07-1 08 46 Dolomite variation in the Enorama Shale 1 09 47 Aeromagnetic map, total intensity 112-113 48 Bouguer gravity anomaly over the Blinman Diapir 113-114 49 Computer gravity modelling, Glasses Gorge traverse 114-115 50 Diapir families and ages 123-124 51 Leve1 of exposure of diapirs 125-126 52 Models for exposed diapirs 1 27-124 Enclosure 1 Geological map of the Blinman area in pocket at the back Enclosure 2 GeologícaI rnap of the Oraparinna area (iv) I,IST OF PLÀTES Plate No. TITLE on/between page/s 8-9 1 Sandbox modelling of a synsedimentary diapir 2 Views and rocks of the Etina Formation 40-41 3 Aerial view of the Trezona Formation 46-47 4 Trezona Formation rocks and sequences 49-50 5 Features around the Enorama Diapir, 1 64-65 6 Features around the Enorama Diapir, 2 68-69 7 Miscellaneous views and photographs 118-119 APPENDICES APPENDIX I The studY area APPENDIX II Reprint: Physical- modeling of sedimentation adjacent to diapirs and comparison with late Precambrian Oratunga breccia body in Central Flinders Ranges, South Australia. APPENDIX III petrographic descriptions (index, example plus microfiche) APPENDIX IV l"leasured section summaries APPENDIX V Reprint: Blinman to Enorama - A one day excursion. APPENDIX VI Preprint: Glacigenic sediments of the late Proterozoic Elatina Formation and equivalents, Adelaide Geosyncline, South Australia. (v) ABSTRACT A large number of irregular breccia bodies have been mapped in the Iate Precambrian and Early Cambrian sediments of the Adelaide Geosyncline. Although a diapiric origin was suggested in 1960, the complex internal history and varied settings of these bodies has lead to numerous interpretations as to their origin and the subject is still controversial. The interaction of a syn-sedimentary diapir with surrounding sediments creates a number of diagnostic features and a catalogue of these features has been assembled from literature studies. Sandbox modelling of the complete intrusive history of salt-type diapirs, a new technique applied to this study, has confirmed many of the previously recorded diagnostic features and added to the list. Detailed mapping and section measurement around seven breccia bodies in the Central Flinders Ranges, and comparison with more regional mapping, has found specific evidence of synsedimentary diapirism. In particular, the Bnorama Diapir shows facies irregularities throughout 4000m of adjacent sediments. Many of the features described in the literature were found and several new features added to the list. Reconnaisance mapping around another seven breccia bodies has confirmed that, while some cannot specifically be called diapirs, all are diapirically associated breccias. A geochemical signature has been found in sediments around several of the diapirs studied and this has led to the proposal of two models of sedimentation patterns around exposed diapirs at times of high and low sea level. Some of the diapirs in the Flinders Ranges have been grouped into "families" based on their mode of initiation and tectonic setting. Although there is no direct evidence as such, extensive circumstantial evidence suggests that the diapirism is related to widespread evaporite deposits near the base of the Adelaidean sequence. Shale movement may have also been associated with the salt diapirism. The salt moved during the deposition of the Adelaidean sequence, during the subsequent Delamerian Orogeny and in a few cases, has been remobiLized during the Mesozoic and may still be potentially mobile. It is suggested that, as diapirs are areas of relatively incompetent rock, they are the focus of 'later tectonic activity. ( vi) STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award or any other degree or diploma in any university and, to the best of my knowledge and belief , it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text. N.M, Lemon. (vii) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Vic Gostin, for all his assistance and helpful discussions throughout my candidature. A free rein throughout the fieldwork was greatly appreciated. My work was supported by a University of Adelaide Scholarship for the initial two years of full time candidature and by a teaching fellowship for the following three years. An Esso grant to Dr. Gostin provided aerial photographic and LANDSAT coverage of the study area. I also acknowledge the granting of a permit by the National Parks and Witdlife Service of S.A. to work within the Flinders Ranges National Park and the access to aII other areas by the local leaseholders. The Etectricity Trust of South Australia provided aerial photo coverage of the Leigh Creek area. I greatly benefitted from continuous interaction with my fellow students, Peter Haines and Updesh Singh, and from discussions in the field with many of the people who I have shown around, such as the participants of the Twelfth International Sedimentological Congress Field Trip, Dr. Wouter Nijman and Dr. Grant Young. Previous workers on similar topics also provided assistance and suggestions on where to map. These i¡clude Ron Coats, Wolfgang Preiss, Bob Dalgarno and Trevor Mount. I would like to thank the following technical staff of the department: Sherry Proferes (draughting), Rick Barrett (photography), Geoff Trevelyan (thin section preparation), Phil McDuie (XRF and AA analysis) and John Stanley ( XRD and XRF analysis ) . In particular, I would like to thank my wife and mother for their support throughout the years. The assistance and accomodation in the field provided by Beryt and Gordon Mclntosh and BiII and Jane Mclntosh of Gum Creek Station was invaluable. t vrlr, CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The Nature of the Problem Early geological workers in the Central and Northern Flinders Ranges recognized zones of brecciated rock which did not appear to be part of the general sedimentary sequence and were difficult to put into stratigraphic context.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trans-Lithospheric Diapirism Explains the Presence of Ultra-High Pressure
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00122-w OPEN Trans-lithospheric diapirism explains the presence of ultra-high pressure rocks in the European Variscides ✉ Petra Maierová1 , Karel Schulmann1,2, Pavla Štípská1,2, Taras Gerya 3 & Ondrej Lexa 4 The classical concept of collisional orogens suggests that mountain belts form as a crustal wedge between the downgoing and overriding plates. However, this orogenic style is not compatible with the presence of (ultra-)high pressure crustal and mantle rocks far from the plate interface in the Bohemian Massif of Central Europe. Here we use a comparison between geological observations and thermo-mechanical numerical models to explain their formation. 1234567890():,; We suggest that continental crust was first deeply subducted, then flowed laterally under- neath the lithosphere and eventually rose in the form of large partially molten trans- lithospheric diapirs. We further show that trans-lithospheric diapirism produces a specific rock association of (ultra-)high pressure crustal and mantle rocks and ultra-potassic magmas that alternates with the less metamorphosed rocks of the upper plate. Similar rock asso- ciations have been described in other convergent zones, both modern and ancient. We speculate that trans-lithospheric diapirism could be a common process. 1 Center for Lithospheric Research, Czech Geological Survey, Prague 1, Czech Republic. 2 EOST, Institute de Physique de Globe, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. 3 Institute of Geophysics, Department of Earth Science, ETH-Zurich,
    [Show full text]
  • Structures in Shallow Marine Sediments Associated with Gas and Fluid Migration
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Review Structures in Shallow Marine Sediments Associated with Gas and Fluid Migration Gongzheng Ma 1,2, Linsen Zhan 2,3, Hailong Lu 1,2,* and Guiting Hou 1,* 1 School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; [email protected] 2 Beijing International Center for Gas Hydrate, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; [email protected] 3 College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (G.H.) Abstract: Geological structure changes, including deformations and ruptures, developed in shallow marine sediments are well recognized but were not systematically reviewed in previous studies. These structures, generally developed at a depth less than 1000 m below seafloor, are considered to play a significant role in the migration, accumulation, and emission of hydrocarbon gases and fluids, and the formation of gas hydrates, and they are also taken as critical factors affecting carbon balance in the marine environment. In this review, these structures in shallow marine sediments are classified into overpressure-associated structures, diapir structures and sediment ruptures based on their geometric characteristics and formation mechanisms. Seepages, pockmarks and gas pipes are the structures associated with overpressure, which are generally induced by gas/fluid pressure changes related to gas and/or fluid accumulation, migration and emission. The mud diapir and salt diapir are diapir structures driven by gravity slides, gravity spread and differential compaction. Landslides, polygonal faults and tectonic faults are sediment ruptures, which are developed by gravity, compaction forces and tectonic forces, respectively. Their formation mechanisms can be attributed to sediment diagenesis, compaction and tectonic activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
    Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Flinders Ranges
    A B Oodnadatta Track C D Innamincka E F Birdsville Track Strzelecki ROAD CONDITIONS The road surface information on this map Track should be used as a guide only. Local TRACK advice should be sought at all times. LAKES Frome With very few exceptions, the lakes STRZELECKI Arkaroola Paralana 'Mt Lyndhurst' Wilderness Hot Springs 1 shown are dry salt pans and do not Ochre Pits Sanctuary 'North Mulga' 1 indicate a permanent source of water. 'Avondale' 'Umberatana' Mt Painter PASTORAL PROPERTIES Lyndhurst The roads in this region pass through Talc Alf Echo Camp working pastoral properties. Please do Backtrack Barraranna Gorge not leave the road and enter these River 4WD properties without prior permission from Arkaroola 'Yankaninna' Ochre the landholder. Most home steads do Wall not provide tourist facilities and are 83 Wooltana shown on this map for navigational Vulkathunha - Cave purposes. Please respect the property 33 Mainwater Pound and privacy of pastoralists. 'Owieandana' 'Wooltana' Coaleld Illinawortina 'Myrtle Springs' Gammon Ranges 30 4WD TRACKS National Park Pound For more information on 4WD Tracks Gerti Johnson Nepouie please obtain a copy of the 4WD Tracks 'Leigh Monument Weetootla Gorge 2 & Repeater Towers brochure. You may Creek' Balcanoona Gorge 2 need to make an appointment and pay Ck 'Depot NEPABUNNA access fees for some tracks. Copley 45 Springs' ABORIGINAL LAND Leigh Creek Nepabunna Balcanoona Aroona Dam 'Angepena' 54 Italowie Nat. Park H.Q. Fence Arrunha Aroona Iga Warta Gorge Sanctuary 'Maynards Vulkathunha - Gammon Ranges Well' National Park Puttapa 'Wertaloona' Copper King Mine Puttapa Moro Gorge Gap HWY NANTAWARRINA Ediacara 'Warraweena' INDIGENOUS Dog Lake Conservation Lake Reserve Afghan PROTECTED AREA 39 Mon.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Geology 378 (2016) 196–212
    Marine Geology 378 (2016) 196–212 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margo Multidisciplinary study of mud volcanoes and diapirs and their relationship to seepages and bottom currents in the Gulf of Cádiz continental slope (northeastern sector) Desirée Palomino a,⁎, Nieves López-González a, Juan-Tomás Vázquez a, Luis-Miguel Fernández-Salas b, José-Luis Rueda a,RicardoSánchez-Lealb, Víctor Díaz-del-Río a a Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Puerto Pesquero S/N, 29640 Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain b Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Muelle Pesquero S/N, 11006 Cádiz, Spain article info abstract Article history: The seabed morphology, type of sediments, and dominant benthic species on eleven mud volcanoes and diapirs Received 28 May 2015 located on the northern sector of the Gulf of Cádiz continental slope have been studied. The morphological char- Received in revised form 30 September 2015 acteristics were grouped as: (i) fluid-escape-related features, (ii) bottom current features, (iii) mass movement Accepted 4 October 2015 features, (iv) tectonic features and (v) biogenic-related features. The dominant benthic species associated with Available online 9 October 2015 fluid escape, hard substrates or soft bottoms, have also been mapped. A bottom current velocity analysis allowed, the morphological features to be correlated with the benthic habitats and the different sedimentary and ocean- Keywords: fl Seepage ographic characteristics. The major factors controlling these features and the benthic habitats are mud ows Mud volcanoes and fluid-escape-related processes, as well as the interaction of deep water masses with the seafloor topography.
    [Show full text]
  • Victoria Nikoloudis 'At Home' in Coober Pedy After
    ISSN 1833-1831 Tourist Park Coober Pedy 08 86 725 691 BULLS GARAGE On-site Service Centre Phone: 86 725 036 Tel: 08 8672 5920 https://cooberpedytimes.com Thursday 14 June 2018 VICTORIA NIKOLOUDIS ‘AT HOME’ IN COOBER PEDY AFTER THAILAND FIRE ORDEAL by Margaret Mackay Victoria Nikoloudis, daughter of Coober Pedy’s Jimmy the Runner, and grand-daughter of the late Inge Feug has spent a week in Coober Pedy to be with her dad and to visit close friends after being released from the Royal Adelaide Hospital Burns Unit last week. Through a series of events that went wrong while cooking dinner at her apartment in Thailand on 11 April, 2018 Victoria was rushed to a Thai hospital suffering 30% burns to her upper body. 37 year old Victoria is sharing her story through the Coober Pedy Regional Times, reaching out to thank many of those who came to her aid and to perhaps inspire others who may be facing a serious life challenge of their own. Throughout this ordeal (far from over) Victoria has shown strength and courage that might rival some of history’s finest women warriors. Victoria relived her ordeal for our story: “I was heating up a pot of oil on a portable burner, which is what I use for cooking at home in Chiang Mai Thailand. I had the window open and the was fan on! Margaret Mackay © “While the oil was heating I was dashing around doing washing and other things. Suddenly I noticed smoke and Victoria Nikoloudis just discharged from the Adelaide Burns Unit and at ‘home’ in Coober Pedy with saw the oil was on fire.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Salt Tectonics on the Thermal Evolution and The
    geosciences Article The Impact of Salt Tectonics on the Thermal Evolution and the Petroleum System of Confined Rift Basins: Insights from Basin Modeling of the Nordkapp Basin, Norwegian Barents Sea Andrés Cedeño *, Luis Alberto Rojo, Néstor Cardozo, Luis Centeno and Alejandro Escalona Department of Energy Resources, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 May 2019; Accepted: 15 July 2019; Published: 17 July 2019 Abstract: Although the thermal effect of large salt tongues and allochthonous salt sheets in passive margins is described in the literature, little is known about the thermal effect of salt structures in confined rift basins where sub-vertical, closely spaced salt diapirs may affect the thermal evolution and petroleum system of the basin. In this study, we combine 2D structural restorations with thermal modeling to investigate the dynamic history of salt movement and its thermal effect in the Nordkapp Basin, a confined salt-bearing basin in the Norwegian Barents Sea. Two sections, one across the central sub-basin and another across the eastern sub-basin, are modeled. The central sub-basin shows deeply rooted, narrow and closely spaced diapirs, while the eastern sub-basin contains a shallower rooted, wide, isolated diapir. Variations through time in stratigraphy (source rocks), structures (salt diapirs and minibasins), and thermal boundary conditions (basal heat flow and sediment-water interface temperatures) are considered in the model. Present-day bottom hole temperatures and vitrinite data provide validation of the model. The modeling results in the eastern sub-basin show a strong but laterally limited thermal anomaly associated with the massive diapir, where temperatures in the diapir are 70 ◦C cooler than in the adjacent minibasins.
    [Show full text]
  • Arc Magmas Sourced from Mélange Diapirs in Subduction Zones Horst R
    Arc magmas sourced from mélange diapirs in subduction zones Horst R. Marschall a;b;∗ John C. Schumacher c aDepartment of Geology & Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA bDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA cDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen’s Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK Abstract At subduction zones, crustal material is recycled back into the mantle. A certain proportion, however, is returned to the overriding plate via magmatism. The magmas show a characteristic range of compositions that have been explained by three-component mixing in their source regions: hydrous fluids derived from subducted altered oceanic crust and components derived from the thin sedimentary veneer are added to the depleted peridotite in the mantle beneath the volcanoes. However, currently no uniformly accepted model exists for the physical mechanism that mixes the three components and transports them from the slab to the magma source. Here we present an integrated physico-chemical model of subduction zones that emerges from a review of the combined findings of petrology, modelling, geophysics, and geochemistry: Intensely mixed metamorphic rock formations, so-called mélanges, form along the slab-mantle interface and comprise the characteristic trace-element patterns of subduction-zone magmatic rocks. We consider mélange formation the physical mixing process that is responsible for the geochemical three-component pattern of the magmas. Blobs of low-density mélange material, so-called diapirs, rise buoyantly from the surface of the subducting slab and provide a means of transport for well-mixed materials into the mantle beneath the volcanoes, where they produce melt.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Resources Management District Groups
    South Australian Arid Lands NRM Region NNAATTUURRAALL RREESSOOUURRCCEESS MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT DDIISSTTRRIICCTT GGRROOUUPPSS NORTHERN TERRITORY QUEENSLAND Mount Dare H.S. CROWN POINT Pandie Pandie HS AYERS SIMPSON DESERT RANGE SOUTH Tieyon H.S. CONSERVATION PARK ALTON DOWNS TIEYON WITJIRA NATIONAL PARK PANDIE PANDIE CORDILLO DOWNS HAMILTON DEROSE HILL Hamilton H.S. SIMPSON DESERT KENMORE REGIONAL RESERVE Cordillo Downs HS PARK Lambina H.S. Mount Sarah H.S. MOUNT Granite Downs H.S. SARAH Indulkana LAMBINA Todmorden H.S. MACUMBA CLIFTON HILLS GRANITE DOWNS TODMORDEN COONGIE LAKES Marla NATIONAL PARK Mintabie EVERARD PARK Welbourn Hill H.S. WELBOURN HILL Marla - Oodnadatta INNAMINCKA ANANGU COWARIE REGIONAL PITJANTJATJARAKU Oodnadatta RESERVE ABORIGINAL LAND ALLANDALE Marree - Innamincka Wintinna HS WINTINNA KALAMURINA Innamincka ARCKARINGA Algebuckinna Arckaringa HS MUNGERANIE EVELYN Mungeranie HS DOWNS GIDGEALPA THE PEAKE Moomba Evelyn Downs HS Mount Barry HS MOUNT BARRY Mulka HS NILPINNA MULKA LAKE EYRE NATIONAL MOUNT WILLOUGHBY Nilpinna HS PARK MERTY MERTY Etadunna HS STRZELECKI ELLIOT PRICE REGIONAL CONSERVATION ETADUNNA TALLARINGA PARK RESERVE CONSERVATION Mount Clarence HS PARK COOBER PEDY COMMONAGE William Creek BOLLARDS LAGOON Coober Pedy ANNA CREEK Dulkaninna HS MABEL CREEK DULKANINNA MOUNT CLARENCE Lindon HS Muloorina HS LINDON MULOORINA CLAYTON Curdimurka MURNPEOWIE INGOMAR FINNISS STUARTS CREEK SPRINGS MARREE ABORIGINAL Ingomar HS LAND CALLANNA Marree MUNDOWDNA LAKE CALLABONNA COMMONWEALTH HILL FOSSIL MCDOUAL RESERVE PEAK Mobella
    [Show full text]
  • MARREE - INNAMINCKA Natural Resources Management Group
    South Australian Arid Lands NRM Region MARREE - INNAMINCKA Natural Resources Management Group NORTHERN TERRITORY QUEENSLAND SIMPSON DESERT CONSERVATION PARK Pastoral Station ALTON DOWNS MULKA PANDIE PANDIE Boundary CORDILLO DOWNS Conservation and National Parks Regional reserve/ SIMPSON DESERT Pastoral Station REGIONAL RESERVE Aboriginal Land Marree - Innamincka CLIFTON HILLS NRM Group COONGIE LAKES NATIONAL PARK INNAMINCKA REGIONAL RESERVE SA Arid Lands NRM Region Boundary INNAMINCKA Dog Fence COWARIE Major Road MACUMBA ! KALAMURINA Innamincka Minor Road / Track MUNGERANIE Railway GIDGEALPA ! Moomba Cadastral Boundary THE PEAKE Watercourse LAKE EYRE (NORTH) LAKE EYRE MULKA Mainly Dry Lake NATIONAL PARK MERTY MERTY STRZELECKI ELLIOT PRICE REGIONAL CONSERVATION RESERVE PARK ETADUNNA BOLLARDS ANNA CREEK LAGOON DULKANINNA MULOORINA LINDON LAKE BLANCHE LAKE EYRE (SOUTH) MULOORINA CLAYTON MURNPEOWIE Produced by: Resource Information, Department of Water, Curdimurka ! STRZELECKI Land and Biodiversity Conservation. REGIONAL Data source: Pastoral lease names and boundaries supplied by FINNISS MARREE RESERVE Pastoral Program, DWLBC. Cadastre and Reserves SPRINGS LAKE supplied by the Department for Environment and CALLANNA ABORIGINAL ! Marree CALLABONNA Heritage. Waterbodies, Roads and Place names LAND FOSSIL supplied by Geoscience Australia. STUARTS CREEK MUNDOWDNA Projection: MGA Zone 53. RESERVE Datum: Geocentric Datum of Australia, 1994. MOOLAWATANA MOUNT MOUNT LYNDHURST FREELING FARINA MULGARIA WITCHELINA UMBERATANA ARKAROOLA WALES SOUTH NEW
    [Show full text]
  • Wool Statistical Area's
    Wool Statistical Area's Monday, 24 May, 2010 A ALBURY WEST 2640 N28 ANAMA 5464 S15 ARDEN VALE 5433 S05 ABBETON PARK 5417 S15 ALDAVILLA 2440 N42 ANCONA 3715 V14 ARDGLEN 2338 N20 ABBEY 6280 W18 ALDERSGATE 5070 S18 ANDAMOOKA OPALFIELDS5722 S04 ARDING 2358 N03 ABBOTSFORD 2046 N21 ALDERSYDE 6306 W11 ANDAMOOKA STATION 5720 S04 ARDINGLY 6630 W06 ABBOTSFORD 3067 V30 ALDGATE 5154 S18 ANDAS PARK 5353 S19 ARDJORIE STATION 6728 W01 ABBOTSFORD POINT 2046 N21 ALDGATE NORTH 5154 S18 ANDERSON 3995 V31 ARDLETHAN 2665 N29 ABBOTSHAM 7315 T02 ALDGATE PARK 5154 S18 ANDO 2631 N24 ARDMONA 3629 V09 ABERCROMBIE 2795 N19 ALDINGA 5173 S18 ANDOVER 7120 T05 ARDNO 3312 V20 ABERCROMBIE CAVES 2795 N19 ALDINGA BEACH 5173 S18 ANDREWS 5454 S09 ARDONACHIE 3286 V24 ABERDEEN 5417 S15 ALECTOWN 2870 N15 ANEMBO 2621 N24 ARDROSS 6153 W15 ABERDEEN 7310 T02 ALEXANDER PARK 5039 S18 ANGAS PLAINS 5255 S20 ARDROSSAN 5571 S17 ABERFELDY 3825 V33 ALEXANDRA 3714 V14 ANGAS VALLEY 5238 S25 AREEGRA 3480 V02 ABERFOYLE 2350 N03 ALEXANDRA BRIDGE 6288 W18 ANGASTON 5353 S19 ARGALONG 2720 N27 ABERFOYLE PARK 5159 S18 ALEXANDRA HILLS 4161 Q30 ANGEPENA 5732 S05 ARGENTON 2284 N20 ABINGA 5710 18 ALFORD 5554 S16 ANGIP 3393 V02 ARGENTS HILL 2449 N01 ABROLHOS ISLANDS 6532 W06 ALFORDS POINT 2234 N21 ANGLE PARK 5010 S18 ARGYLE 2852 N17 ABYDOS 6721 W02 ALFRED COVE 6154 W15 ANGLE VALE 5117 S18 ARGYLE 3523 V15 ACACIA CREEK 2476 N02 ALFRED TOWN 2650 N29 ANGLEDALE 2550 N43 ARGYLE 6239 W17 ACACIA PLATEAU 2476 N02 ALFREDTON 3350 V26 ANGLEDOOL 2832 N12 ARGYLE DOWNS STATION6743 W01 ACACIA RIDGE 4110 Q30 ALGEBUCKINA
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Tectonics: Some Aspects of Deformation Mechanics
    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021 Salt tectonics: some aspects of deformation mechanics IAN DAVISON, IAN ALSOP & DEREK BLUNDELL Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 OEX, UK This volume is dedicated to studies of the defor- Deformation mechanisms mation of evaporite rocks in pillows and diapirs, and the surrounding sedimentary overburden rocks Burliga, Davison et al., Sans et al., Smith and and sediments. Salt diapirs have become the focus Talbot & Alavi provide new insights into the in- of attention in the last forty years, because of their ternal deformation patterns in salt from mesoscopic observations in deformed bodies. Shear zones are strategic importance in controlling hydrocarbon commonly developed parallel to bedding in potassic reserves, and their unique physical properties enable storage of hydrocarbons and toxic waste. horizons (Sans et al.), where the salt becomes Their economic importance is unique on the Earth's gneissose with X:Z axial ratios of crystals reaching commonly around 4:1 in Zechstein salt (Smith), surface, as evaporites in the Middle East are and Red Sea diapirs (Davison et al., Fig. 1). responsible for trapping up to 60% of its hydro- carbon reserves (Edgell). Relatively undeformed halite layers are carried laterally (Smith) and upwards as rafts between Salt also produces some of the most complex and beautiful deformation features on the Earth's shear zones into diapirs (Bnrliga), and undeformed surface, although few of these surface exposures halite rafts are often transported in a highly-sheared have been examined in detail. The first section of sylvinite matrix (Sans et al.).
    [Show full text]