John Tuzo Wilson Personal Records B1993-0050
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Two Contrasting Phanerozoic Orogenic Systems Revealed by Hafnium Isotope Data William J
ARTICLES PUBLISHED ONLINE: 17 APRIL 2011 | DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1127 Two contrasting Phanerozoic orogenic systems revealed by hafnium isotope data William J. Collins1*(, Elena A. Belousova2, Anthony I. S. Kemp1 and J. Brendan Murphy3 Two fundamentally different orogenic systems have existed on Earth throughout the Phanerozoic. Circum-Pacific accretionary orogens are the external orogenic system formed around the Pacific rim, where oceanic lithosphere semicontinuously subducts beneath continental lithosphere. In contrast, the internal orogenic system is found in Europe and Asia as the collage of collisional mountain belts, formed during the collision between continental crustal fragments. External orogenic systems form at the boundary of large underlying mantle convection cells, whereas internal orogens form within one supercell. Here we present a compilation of hafnium isotope data from zircon minerals collected from orogens worldwide. We find that the range of hafnium isotope signatures for the external orogenic system narrows and trends towards more radiogenic compositions since 550 Myr ago. By contrast, the range of signatures from the internal orogenic system broadens since 550 Myr ago. We suggest that for the external system, the lower crust and lithospheric mantle beneath the overriding continent is removed during subduction and replaced by newly formed crust, which generates the radiogenic hafnium signature when remelted. For the internal orogenic system, the lower crust and lithospheric mantle is instead eventually replaced by more continental lithosphere from a collided continental fragment. Our suggested model provides a simple basis for unravelling the global geodynamic evolution of the ancient Earth. resent-day orogens of contrasting character can be reduced to which probably began by the Early Ordovician12, and the Early two types on Earth, dominantly accretionary or dominantly Paleozoic accretionary orogens in the easternmost Altaids of Pcollisional, because only the latter are associated with Wilson Asia13. -
Tuzo Wilson in China: Tectonics, Diplomacy and Discipline During the Cold War
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Undergraduate Humanities Forum 2012-2013: Penn Humanities Forum Undergraduate Peripheries Research Fellows 4-2013 Tuzo Wilson in China: Tectonics, Diplomacy and Discipline During the Cold War William S. Kearney University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/uhf_2013 Part of the Geophysics and Seismology Commons, and the Tectonics and Structure Commons Kearney, William S., "Tuzo Wilson in China: Tectonics, Diplomacy and Discipline During the Cold War" (2013). Undergraduate Humanities Forum 2012-2013: Peripheries. 8. https://repository.upenn.edu/uhf_2013/8 This paper was part of the 2012-2013 Penn Humanities Forum on Peripheries. Find out more at http://www.phf.upenn.edu/annual-topics/peripheries. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/uhf_2013/8 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tuzo Wilson in China: Tectonics, Diplomacy and Discipline During the Cold War Abstract Canadian geophysicist John Tuzo Wilson's transform fault concept was instrumental in unifying the various strands of evidence that together make up plate tectonic theory. Outside of his scientific esearr ch, Wilson was a tireless science administrator and promoter of international scientific cooperation. To that end, he travelled to China twice, once in 1958 as part of the International Geophysical Year and once again in 1971. Coming from a rare non-communist westerner in China both before and after the Cultural Revolution, Wilson's travels constitute valuable temporal and spatial cross-sections of China as that nation struggled to define itself in elationr to its past, to the Soviet Union which inspired its politics, and to the West through Wilson's new science of plate tectonics. -
Wilson Cycle Guide
Wilson Cycle Description Lynn S. Fichter and Eric Pyle Department of Geology and Environmental Science James Madison University Layout of this Guide For each stage represented in this Wilson Cycle, several pieces of information are provided: Description of Process: a description of the forces acting on a particular location, and the results of those forces; Composition: the particular rock types that result from these forces, including chemical make up, major minerals present, and texture (grain size and orientation), expressed in photographs, verbal descriptions, and categorical graphs; Specific Locations, Present and Past: the map locations of examples of the environment, with current and past locations represented. Stage A: Stable Continental Craton Description of Process: This stage represents the basis of all existing continents, showing in a simplified fashion both continental crust and adjacent oceanic crust, both of which lie over the mantle. You will notice that the continental crust is considerably thicker than the ocean crust. Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust (approximately 2.7 g/cm3 vs. 3.3 g/cm3), and so “rides” higher over the mantle. Continental crust is also more rigid that oceanic crust. Furthermore, the development of continental crust involves considerable thickening. Composition: This diagram represents considerable simplification, in that the internal structure has not been shown, but is represented as a crystalline “basement” for the continent. This basement material represents a variety of rock types, including granites and diorites, gneisses and schists, and various sedimentary rocks. Taken as a whole, the average composition of the basement rock is the same as a granodiorite – enriched in sodium, potassium and silica-rich minerals, such as alkali feldspar, sodium plagioclase, and quartz, and depleted in iron/magnesium, silica poor minerals, such as olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole. -
IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List
IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List WHC.10/34.COM/INF.8B2 IUCN Report, May 2010 for the World Heritage Committee, 34th Session, Brasilia, Brazil July-August 2010 IUCN Evaluation of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List 2010 Table of Contents Page Nº Introduction i A. Natural Properties A1 New Nominations of Natural Properties Asia / Pacifi c China - China Danxia 3 Kiribati – Phoenix Islands Protected Area 17 Tajikistan - Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) 27 Europe / North America France - Pitons, cirques et remparts de l’île de La Réunion 37 A2 Deferred Nominations of Natural Properties Europe / North America Portugal/Spain - Dinosaur Ichnites of the Iberian Peninsula 51 Russian Federation - Putorana Plateau 65 A3 Extensions of Natural Properties Europe / North America Bulgaria - Pirin National Park 79 Italy - Monte San Giorgio 93 A4 Boundary Modifi cations of Natural Properties Asia / Pacifi c China – Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas 107 Europe / North America Germany - Messel Pit Fossil Site 123 B Mixed Properties B1 New Nominations of Mixed Properties Asia / Pacifi c Sri Lanka - Central Highlands of Sri Lanka: 131 its Cultural and Natural Heritage Europe / North America United States of America - Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument 145 B2 Boundary Modifi cations of Mixed Properties Asia / Pacifi c Australia – Tasmanian Wilderness 161 Page Nº C. Cultural Properties C1 New nominations of Cultural Landscapes Africa Ethiopia -
Volume 21, Number 1 June 2003
Elements Volume 26, Number 2 July 2008 THE NEWSLETTER OF THE CANADIAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION IN THIS ISSUE Canadian Associations-AGU Joint Assembly 2009 Announcement___1 Call for Nominations: J. Tuzo Wilson Medal, Young Scientist & Meritorious Service Awards ___1-3 CGU-CGRG Joint Meeting 2008___3 J. Tuzo Wilson Medal ___5 Young Scientist Award___8 Meritorious Service Award___9 HS Section News___9 Best Student Paper Awards___10 Canadian Associations-AGU Joint Assembly 2009 Flyer___20-21 Financial Report___22 Officers of the CGU Executive Committee ___23 LE BULLETIN DE L’UNION GÉOPHYSIQUE CANADIENNE JOINT ASSEMBLY 2009 AGU / GAC / MAC / CGU / IAH-CNC May 23-27, 2009, Toronto Convention Centre, Toronto, Ontario Ideas and suggestions are solicited for themes, CGU 2009 LAC Chair: Spiros Pagiatakis, York symposia, joint sessions, short courses and field trips for University, [email protected] our full participation in the Joint Assembly 2009. Co- CGU 2009 SPC Chair: Rod Blais, University of Calgary, sponsored symposia, workshops and sessions are [email protected] expected in most areas of the geophysical sciences. Proposals for technical sessions may now be made IAH-CNC Program: Christopher Munro, Ont. Gov’t. online at [email protected] http://www.agu.org/meetings/ja09/ IAH-CNC Program: Dave Rudolph, Univ. of Waterloo Canadian proposals may be made via one of AGU’s regular sections with a US partner, or may be made in the [email protected] Canadian Associations section on the pull-down menu at JA 2009 & CGU Websites: this website. The deadline for receipt of session proposals is November 1, 2008. http://www.jointassembly2009.ca Commercial and educational exhibits are always http://www.ucalgary.ca/~cguconf welcome! J. -
Connecting the Deep Earth and the Atmosphere
In Mantle Convection and Surface Expression (Cottaar, S. et al., eds.) AGU Monograph 2020 (in press) Connecting the Deep Earth and the Atmosphere Trond H. Torsvik1,2, Henrik H. Svensen1, Bernhard Steinberger3,1, Dana L. Royer4, Dougal A. Jerram1,5,6, Morgan T. Jones1 & Mathew Domeier1 1Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; 2School of Geosciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; 3Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; 4Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA; 5DougalEARTH Ltd.1, Solihull, UK; 6Visiting Fellow, Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Abstract Most hotspots, kimberlites, and large igneous provinces (LIPs) are sourced by plumes that rise from the margins of two large low shear-wave velocity provinces in the lowermost mantle. These thermochemical provinces have likely been quasi-stable for hundreds of millions, perhaps billions of years, and plume heads rise through the mantle in about 30 Myr or less. LIPs provide a direct link between the deep Earth and the atmosphere but environmental consequences depend on both their volumes and the composition of the crustal rocks they are emplaced through. LIP activity can alter the plate tectonic setting by creating and modifying plate boundaries and hence changing the paleogeography and its long-term forcing on climate. Extensive blankets of LIP-lava on the Earth’s surface can also enhance silicate weathering and potentially lead to CO2 drawdown (cooling), but we find no clear relationship between LIPs and post-emplacement variation in atmospheric CO2 proxies on very long (>10 Myrs) time- scales. -
Proterozoic First-Order Sedimentary Sequences of the Sao Francisco
Marine and Petroleum Geology 33 (2012) 127e139 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Marine and Petroleum Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpetgeo Proterozoic first-order sedimentary sequences of the São Francisco craton, eastern Brazil Fernando F. Alkmima,*, Marcelo A. Martins-Netob a Departamento de Geologia, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, 35.400.000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil b Vicenza Mineração, Av. Agulhas Negras, 580, Mangabeiras, 30210-340 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil article info abstract Article history: The São Francisco craton in eastern Brazil hosts sedimentary sequences deposited between the Paleo- Received 4 May 2010 archean (w3300 Ma) and Late Neoproterozoic (w580 Ma). Proterozoic successions occurring in this Received in revised form region comprise five 1st-order sedimentary sequences, which besides episodes of global significance 15 August 2011 record major basin-forming events. The ca. 8000 m-thick Minas-Itacolomi 1st-order sequence, exposed Accepted 18 August 2011 in the Brazilian mining district of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero and containing as marker bed the Lake Available online 5 September 2011 Superior-type Cauê Banded Iron Formation, tracks the operation of a Wilson cycle in the Paleoproterozoic Era. The quartz-arenite dominated Espinhaço I and II sequences record at least two major rift-sag basin- Keywords: First-order sequences forming events, which affected the host continent of the São Francisco craton at around 1.75 Ga and Proterozoic 1.57 Ga. The Macaúbas sequence and its correlatives in the extracratonic domains witness the individ- São Francisco craton ualization of a São Francisco-Congo plate in synchronicity with the break-up of Rodinia in the Cryogenian Brazil period. -
20170601173846853169.Pdf
Gondwana Research 35 (2016) 40–58 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Gondwana Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gr Geologic and geochemical insights into the formation of the Taiyangshan porphyry copper–molybdenum deposit, Western Qinling Orogenic Belt, China Kun-Feng Qiu a,b,⁎,RyanD.Taylorb,Yao-HuiSonga,c,Hao-ChengYua,d,Kai-RuiSonga,NanLia a State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China b U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, Mail Stop 973, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046, USA c Airborne Survey and Remote Sensing Center of Nuclear Industry, Shijiazhuang 050000, China d The 7th Gold Detachment of Chinese Armed Police Force, Yantai 264004, China article info abstract Article history: Taiyangshan is a poorly studied copper–molybdenum deposit located in the Triassic Western Qinling collisional Received 24 January 2016 belt of northwest China. The intrusions exposed in the vicinity of the Taiyangshan deposit record episodic Received in revised form 24 March 2016 magmatism over 20–30 million years. Pre-mineralization quartz diorite porphyries, which host some of the de- Accepted 31 March 2016 posit, were emplaced at 226.6 ± 6.2 Ma. Syn-collisional monzonite and quartz monzonite porphyries, which also Available online 2 May 2016 host mineralization, were emplaced at 218.0 ± 6.1 Ma and 215.0 ± 5.8 Ma, respectively. Mineralization occurred Handling Editor: F. Pirajno during the transition from a syn-collisional to a post-collisional setting at ca. 208 Ma. A barren post- mineralization granite porphyry marked the end of post-collisional magmatism at 200.7 ± 5.1 Ma. -
The Tuzo Wilson Cycle: a 25Th Anniversary Symposium Geological Association of Canada Newfoundland Section
Document generated on 10/03/2021 5:09 p.m. Atlantic Geology The Tuzo Wilson Cycle: A 25th Anniversary Symposium Geological Association of Canada Newfoundland Section Volume 28, Number 3, November 1992 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/ageo28_3abs01 See table of contents Publisher(s) Atlantic Geoscience Society ISSN 0843-5561 (print) 1718-7885 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this document (1992). The Tuzo Wilson Cycle: A 25th Anniversary Symposium: Geological Association of Canada Newfoundland Section. Atlantic Geology, 28(3), 277–292. All rights reserved © Atlantic Geology, 1992 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Atlantic G eology 277 GEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA NEWFOUNDLAND SECTION ABSTRACTS THE TUZO WILSON CYCLE: A 25TH ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM FEBRUARY 27-29, 1992 ATLANTIC GEOLOGY 28, 277-292 (1992) 0843-5561/92/030277-16S3.40/0 278 Abstracts J. Tuzo Wilson On The 25th Anniversary Of The Discovery Of The Avalon Peninsula’s Roots E.R.W. Neale Dr. John Tuzo Wilson, arguably the pre-eminent Cana provinces which appeared in a CIM Bulletin of 1949. It was dian scientist of the century, and long recognized as one of based on structural trends, partly taken from early airphotos, the world’s great geoscientists, is most remarkable for the and on a handful of radiometric dates. -
September Gsat 03
Call for Papers: 2009 GSA Annual Meeting in Portland, Oregon, USA, p. 15 VOL. 19, No. 4/5 A PUBLICATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA APRIL/MaY 2009 Understanding the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): Influences of paleogeography, paleoclimate, or paleoecology? Inside: ▲ Groundwork: Recruiting students to undergraduate geoscience programs through dual-credit and dual-enrollment classes, p. 58 ▲ Commentary: 2009 GSA Geologic Time Scale, p. 60 Built for Speed GWB Professional 8 Now with New! multi-threading/parallel Dual Porosity processing for multi-core computers Model $7,999 ($2,599 upgrade) Simulation time for 1600-node 2-D reactive transport model tracking surface complexation of heavy metals. Run on twin 2 GHz quad-core Xeon processors under Windows XP. GWB7 is single-threaded and GWB8 ran on 8 parallel threads. The Geochemist’s Workbench® It’s fast. VERY fast. Since 1983 303.278.3534 • 800.775.6745 gwb.com The Geochemist’s Workbench® is a registered trademark of the University of Illinois. GSAToday_April09.indd 1 2/27/2009 9:59:23 AM VOLUME 19, NUMBER 4/5 ▲ APRIL/MAY 2009 SCIENCE ARTICLE GSA TODAY publishes news and information for more than 4 Understanding the Great Ordovician 22,000 GSA members and subscribing libraries. GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) is published 11 times per Biodiversification Event (GOBE): year, monthly, with a combined April/May issue, by The Influences of paleogeography, Geological Society of America®, Inc., with offices at 3300 paleoclimate, or paleoecology? Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing address: P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA. -
Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks in the Dabie–Sulu Orogenic Belt: Compositional Inheritance and Metamorphic Modification
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 30, 2021 Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt: compositional inheritance and metamorphic modification YONG-FEI ZHENG*, ZI-FU ZHAO & REN-XU CHEN CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China Y.-F.Z., 0000-0003-0332-4871; R.-X.C., 0000-0003-1517-8373 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt in east-central China contains one of the largest ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes in the world. The UHP eclogites are associated with gneiss, peridotite and marble. But all these rocks underwent in situ UHP metamorphism during the continental collision in the Triassic. Although fluid action is not significant during cold subduction, it becomes prominent during hot exhumation of UHP slices. Whereas the composition of UHP metamorphic rocks is primarily inherited from their protoliths, they were locally modified by partial melting to varying extents. The partial melting of UHP rocks is highly heterogeneous along the collisional orogen, and achieves a maximum during rifting orogeny at the post-colli- sional stage. This paper outlines the petrographical features and geochemical compositions of UHP metamor- phic rocks, and presents an overview of collisional modification and post-collisional reworking of the subducted continental crust. Further discussions are devoted to continental subduction tectonics, as well as to subduction style, subduction polarity and exhumation mechanism. The results also provide insights into the initiation of continental rifting in a Wilson cycle. -
GCSE Plate Tectonics and Hazards
GEOLOGY GCSE Plate Tectonics and Hazards Name: ______________________________ Whitmore High School 1 EARTH’S INTERNAL STRUCTURE From gathering all of the available evidence from: * Earthquake waves * Direct evidence * Density readings * Meteorites It is possible to build up an idea of what the interior of the Earth is like: Main four compositional layers of the Earth The structural layers of the Earth Solid Solid Semi solid 2 The Layered Structure of the Earth (not drawn to scale) o o o o The various layers are separated by their composition and behaviour: Mechanical Depth (km) Layer Composition Layer behaviour 0 Rich is Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O) & Crust Aluminium (Al) - Granitic Cold, rigid outer shell 10-70 Lithosphere 100 Weaker layer with Asthenosphere some partially melted material Rich in Iron (Fe) & Magnesium 200 Mantle (Mg) - Peridotite Lower mantle Hot, solid layer 2900 Layer of flowing liquid Outer core metal Core Rich in Iron (Fe) & Nickel (Ni) 5100 Inner core Very hot, solid, dense layer 6370 3 PLATE TECTONIC THEORY Continental Drift A very long time ago, the continental plates were all joined together to form one super-continent called Pangaea. Over the last 200 million years, the continental plates have moved apart. Alfred Wegener developed the theory called continental drift in 1915. 4 There are many pieces of evidence that back up this theory suggested by Wegener: The Shapes Match - The continents look as if they were pieces of a giant jigsaw puzzle that could fit together to make one giant super- continent. The bulge of Africa fits the shape of the coast of North America while Brazil fits along the coast of Africa beneath the bulge.