DOCSLIB.ORG

Another Look at the Shot Sequence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Another Look at the Shot Sequence Lt/F-6P(6-0 matter) could not have fired a shot between Zapruder frames Another Look 166 up to and including frame 210 because a tree (along Elm at the Shot Street) would've blocked a po- tential assassin's view of the Presidential motorcade as it Sequence proceeded down Elm Street. One exception that was pointed In President Kennedy's out by the Warren Commission Assassination itself was that for one very brief instant (at Zapruder frame 186) the motorcade was visible from that sixth floor win- By Hal Verb dow. It is true that a particular argument was that — in- "The Knowledge of Things Lay Round deed — an assassin had fired a shot the instant the hole but Unperceived." in the tree became apparent. But even the Warren Com- Wallace Stevens, American Poet, mission argued against this position. Of course, upon in One of His Poems on -Chaos." reflection, without this Commission conclusion, it should be noted, clearly, that if an assassin had suc- "The Least Initial Deviation From The Truth cessfully fired through the hole in the tree at frame 186, is Multiplied Later A Thousandfold." a bullet would have struck Kennedy after Z-189 and Aristotle not before. It has been shown that human reaction time (spotting Kennedy at Zapruder frame 186) would re- t a John F. Kennedy Assaisination Conference quire at least three frames plus the firing time (several held in Washington. D.C., in October. 1994, 1 frames) exceeds Zapruder frame 189. Thus, this shot presented a talk titled The First Shot in the could not have been fired from the sixth floor window A if solid evidence can be established that Kennedy was John F. Kennedy Assassination was not the Missed Shot." This talk was subsequently published in the struck at frame 189. British magazine. Dallas. '63. This article will further demonstrate that, indeed, The talk and the article relied heavily — but not frame 189 is the precise instant for the very first shot solely — upon the Zapruder film. Besides entering evi- fired in the assassination. In addition to this demon- dence contained within the Zapruder film, I offered eye- stration, I will also contend that what follows in my witness, ear-witness and other films (such as stills of argument here will add another nail in the coffin of the the Willis #5 photo and Hugh Betzner's last of three notorious Zapruder film "alteratibn" theory. still photographs he had taken). All of these were sub- I should note here that many years ago at a mitted to support my claim that the very first shot fired researcher's home in California the Zapruder film was in the assassination was fired somewhere in the range shown and particular emphasis was placed on the early of Zapruder frames 186 and 202 (although it was my frames of the Zapruder film, that is, those frames just firm belief at the time — and still is — that the precise before 186 and up to frame 202 and beyond. The re- frame at which Kennedy was struck by a bullet was searcher was able to utilize stop-motion thus slowing Zapruder frame 189. The frames between 186 and 202 down the film to examine particular frames. At that were utilized merely to place the exact moment within meeting were researchers Doug DeSalles (who wrote known and existing photos which would support this an excellent article, Dr. Gary Aguilar, Dr. David Mantik conclusion). and myself.= I offered my analysis as to why I had In the course of my talk (and article), I specifi- singled out Zapruder frame 189 as being the very first cally drew attention to the Warren Report's conclusion. shot and also the one striking Kennedy causing a non- based upon the FBI's own analysis of the Zapruder film. fatal wound. As students of the assassination will recall, whether or Of course, the controversy about whether the not Oswald was in the sixth floor window of the Texas Zapruder film was authentic and not in any way al- School Book Building, he (nor anyone else for that tered or doctored was barely underway when I presented my analysis — specifically of frame 189. Note, how- 12 Kennedy Assassination Chronicles Vol. 7, Issue 2, Summer 2001 -ever, that a leading proponent of the Zapruder film al- report which was taken on the day of the assassination, teration, Dr. Mantik, was present and he did hear my November 22, 1963. He reinforced the observations analysis. It will be interesting to notice his reaction to of his wife especially as to what transpired precisely my discussion of frame Z-I89 and my further elabora- after the first shot. We should note that as Rowland's tion of my analysis presented in this article. report was taken on the same day as the assassination And now we come to the theme of this article and, therefore, his impressions would certainly be which, on second thought. could have been retitled: No sharper and clearer, than, presumably, than Mrs. Laughing Matter!"' Rowland who testified five months later (April, 1964). When one re-ex- For Mr. Rowland's re- amines the first day evi- port. see WC16, 953, dence in the murder of "It was his belief th at two shots were identified as CE 357: President Kennedy, there fired in rapid suc cession which he Mr. Rowland: is something that oc- thought at the time was a firecracker." "....in about 15 curred that either has minutes President largely been lost sight of Kennedy passed or totally ignored by re- the spot where we searchers. Essentially, all were standing and the evidence presented below exists within the Zapruder the motorcade had just turned west on Elm head- film itself and is further confirmed by eye and ear-wit- ing down the hill when I heard a noise which I ness evidence relating to the first shot evidence. thought to be backfire. In fact. some of the Let us begin with the testimony of eyewitneis Mrs. people laughed and then in about 3 seconds a Barbara Rowland who was questioned by David Belin, third report..." the Warren Commission's Assistant Counsel (WC6,184). At the time of the assassination Mrs. Note Mr. And Mrs. Rowland both agreeing to Rowland was with her husband. Arnold Rowland, and hearing "laughter" after the first shot. was standing on Houston Street near the Records Build- Now, add to the observations and experiences of ing between Elm and Main Street. the Rowlands the report of William E. Newman, Jr.. Mr. Belin: All right, now, will you please tell who was standing with his wife, Gayle, on Elm Street me what happened as the motorcade went by? about mid-way between Houston Street and the triple Mrs. Rowland: Well, Mrs. Kennedy was wear- underpass, thus, providing him with a closer vantage ing a blue – I mean a pink or maybe a rose – it point to witness the assassination than the Rowlands. was either pink or rose dress or suit, I couldn't Still it was not as close as Zapruder who was then film- say, because she was sitting. She had a pink hat ing the assassination. or rose, the same shade as her dress. From the FBI report on Mr. Newman (WC22. And I remember noticing that the President's CE1432, Nov. 24, 1963): hair was sort of red, that is all. They were fac- "He [Newman] believed that when the ing mainly toward the other side of the street President's car was approximately 50 feet from and waving, and as they turned the corner we him proceeding in a westerly direction on Elm heard a shot and I didn't recognize it as being a Street he heard the first shots fired. It was his shot. I just heard a sound and I thought it might belief that two shots were fired in rapid succes- be a firecracker. sion which he thought at the time was a fire- And the people started laughing at first, and then cracker. we heard two more shots, and they were closer The car was proceeding toward him and it than the first and second, and that is all. seemed that the President's arms went up and that he raised up in his seat and started to look Mrs. Rowland's testimony, by itself. may not be around — Newman first thought the President proof that the first shot struck JFK, however, what fol- and Governor 'were playing some kind of a lows should help confirm that this is, indeed, what oc- game' and suddenly realized they had been shot curred and provide sufficient reasons as to why "the and that he was perhaps in the line of fire be- people started laughing" immediately after the first shot. cause officers started running toward the arcade Arnold Rowland did not testify but submitted a directly back of him and his wife." Kennedy Assassination Chronicles Val. 7. issue 2. Summer 2001 13 In a letter to me, written in March. 1998, Templin Here, again. Newman observes JFK's "arms went related his experience at the time of the assassination: up" and after the first shot. This is exactly as seen and the motorcade past (sic] us about 15 to captured in Zapruder's film immediately after frame 20 feet we heard what appeared to be a motor- 189 and even up to and through frame 207 when a sign cycle backfire. As it did, the President's shoul- blocks our view. These are all bodily reactions to the ders came up and he slumped down slightly on first shot! the back of the seat.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The JFK Assassination and the Politics and Culture of Conspiracy Theory
    A Paranoid Style? : The JFK Assassination and the Politics and Culture of Conspiracy Theory Joseph Broadbent Degree of Masters of Arts by Research University of East Anglia School of American Studies January 2014 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. 2 Abstract This thesis analyses the phenomenon of conspiracy theory, using the assassination of President John F. Kennedy as a case study. Doubt is the root cause of conspiracy theory, stemming from both the innate biases all humans exhibit, and a traumatic experience – in this case the assassination of JFK. This thesis argues that conspiracy theories are created and take hold because of a predisposition toward conspiracy theory, a misinterpretation of a central piece of evidence, such as the Zapruder film, and agency panic, where dispossession causes one to feel as if their agency is under threat. Conspiracy theory can provide believers with many emotions which appear to the individual to not be available elsewhere, namely closure, comfort, control, and a sense of leisure. Using the assassination of JFK, this thesis examines the role of conspiracy theory in modern American society. It weighs up the benefits of conspiracy theory, such as it is an example of free speech and it can aid transparency, with the negatives: that it can possibly cause harm to its adherents and their dependants because of a belief in ends justifying the means.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorandum (Draft)
    MEMORANDUM (DRAFT) January 22, 1996 TO: Jeremy Gunn CC: David Marwell FROM: Doug Horne SUBJECT: Issues for ARRB to Pursue with Kodak in Response to the Kodak Letter of January 7, 1997 1. Following review of Kodak’s letter to ARRB dated January 7, 1997, I recommend ARRB consider further pursuit of the following issues with Kodak: a. Highest Priority: (1) Roll of 120 Film from Autopsy: Digitally scan, and enhance to the greatest extent possible, the 3 extremely dark positive images (apparently post mortem autopsy photographs of President Kennedy) found on the roll of 120 Ektachrome color transparency film which is part of the Kennedy family deed-of-gift (i.e., the autopsy photograph collection); produce varied-exposure reproductions of the enhanced images in the most appropriate imaging format(s), preferably 8" X 10" in size. [Furthermore, ask Kodak whether Earl McDonald’s hypothesis--that this is simply a roll of Ektachrome E3 color transparency film which was exposed only to ambient room light (without properly synchronized flash illumination) when the shutter was opened to expose the three images in question, subsequently “flashed” (i.e., intentionally pulled out of the camera and exposed to ambient light), and developed normally--could be valid.] (2) Zapruder Film (Original): Digitally scan the original Zapruder film, analyze the image content, and record the digitized film image content on CD ROM for retention in the National Archives. [Types of analysis should include motion-related questions (such as whether or not the image content
    [Show full text]
  • Zapruder Film
    Zapruder Film Books - Articles - Videos - Collections - Oral Histories - YouTube - Websites Visit our Library Catalog for complete list of books, magazines, and videos. Books Bugliosi, Vincent. Four Days in November: The Assassination of President Kennedy. New York: W.W. Norton, 2007. Chambers, Paul G. Head Shot: The Science Behind the John F. Kennedy Assassination. New York: Prometheus, 2010. Fagin, Stephen. Assassination and Commemoration: JFK, Dallas and The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013. Phillips, Sandra S. and Simon Baker. Exposed: Voyeurism, Surveillance and the Camera Since 1870. San Francisco: Yale University Press, 2010. Sullivan, Robert ed. The Day Kennedy Died: 50 years Later LIFE Remembers the Man and the Moment. New York: LIFE, 2013. Trask, Richard B. National Nightmare on Six Feet of Film: Mr. Zapruder's Home Movie and the Murder of President Kennedy. Danvers, MA: Yeoman Press, 2005. The Witnesses: The Highlights of Hearings before the Warren Commission of the Assassination of President Kennedy. New York: Bantam Books, 1964. Wrone, David R. The Zapruder Film: Reframing JFK's Assassination. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2003. United States. The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964. [Available online at http://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/] Vagnes, Oyvind. Zaprudered: The Kennedy Assassination Film in Visual Culture. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011. Young, Anne M. ed. Rights & Reproductions: A Handbook for Cultural Institutions. Indianapolis: American Alliance of Museums, 2015. Articles “Did Oswald Act Alone? A Matter of Reasonable Doubt: Frame 230 from the Film.” LIFE 25 Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • A 3-D Lighting and Shadow Analysis of the JFK Zapruder Film (Frame 317)
    A 3-D Lighting and Shadow Analysis of the JFK Zapruder Film (Frame 317) Hany Farid Department of Computer Science 6211 Sudikoff Lab Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 603.646.2761 (tel) 603.646.1672 (fax) [email protected] Abstract Claims of a broader conspiracy behind U.S. President John F. Kennedy's assassination have persisted for the past nearly five decades. The Zapruder film is considered to be the most complete recording of JFK's assassination. Many have claimed that this 8mm film was manipulated to conceal evidence of a second shooter, which would invalidate the claim that a lone gunman, Lee Harvey Oswald, was responsible for JFK's assassination. Here we con- sider the viability of one specific claim of postproduction tampering in the Zapruder film. 1. Introduction United States President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22nd, 1963 while his procession was driving through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. Shortly afterwards, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested and charged with the crime. Because he was killed before his trial, and the conclusions of the Warren Commission[1] have been challenged, many questions surrounding the assassination remained unanswered. Since this time, numerous theories have circulated suggesting that Oswald acted as part of a larger criminal con- spiracy involving a variety of government, international, or criminal groups. Abraham Zapruder captured the most complete documentation of the events of November 22nd with his Bell & Howell 8mm roll film camera. After Figure 1: Frame 317 of the Zapruder film (left), and a magnified view of JFK { the authenticity of the shadow on the back of JFK's head has been called into question.
    [Show full text]
  • Zapruder Film
    Zapruder film From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Frame 150 from the Zapruder Film The Zapruder film is a silent, 8 mm color home movie shot by Abraham Zapruder in Dallas, Texas, in Dealey Plaza while standing near "the grassy knoll" during the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. It is the definitive, most authoritative footage of the assassination. Contents [hide] • 1 Background • 2 History • 3 Use in "JFK" • 4 External links [edit] Background Zapruder filmed the scene with a Model 414 PD Bell & Howell Zoomatic Director Series Camera that operated via a spring-wound mechanism at an average tested speed of 18.3 frames-per-second. The entire Dealey Plaza exposed film frames lasts 26.6 seconds, with the presidential assassination sequence occupying 19.3 seconds. There are 486 frames altogether. The sequence is recorded on Kodak Kodachrome II 8 mm movie safety film. Zapruder, who suffered from vertigo, made the film while being steadied by his receptionist, Marilyn Sitzman, standing on the most western of two concrete pedestals which extend from the John Neely Bryan north pergola cement structure, overlooking Elm street in Dealey Plaza. President Kennedy's automobile was below and almost exactly in front of Zapruder on Elm Street, at the time of his fatal wound to the head. The film has been used by the Warren Commission and all subsequent investigations of the assassination. The Zapruder frames used by the Commission consist of exhibits 889–899 plus exhibits 901 and 902 (totaling less than 1 second of the actual 26.6 second film), published in the commission supporting volume XVIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Zapruder Film Subpenaed
    gar 1 larch c)68 DA Seeks JFK Assassination Movie Zapruder Film Subpenaed District Attorney Jim Garrison today subpenaed a mo- dent Kennedy, and the film, which has never been publicly tion picture film of the assassination of President John F. shown, thus depicts in some detail the critical instants when Kennedy owned by Life Magazine. the President's limousine was under sniper fire. The film, taken by Abraham Zapruder of Dallas, was "This film, which was purchased from Mr. Zapruder on cited frequently in the Warren Commission report of the the day of the assassination, is now in the possession of President's death, and a number of frames from it appear Time, Inc., through its subsidiary Life Magazine, and is as commission exhibits. kept in the Time-Life Building at Rockefeller Center in However, Zapruder sold the original print to Life for New York City, New York. $25,000, and the commission never subpenaed it. Instead, "IT IS NECESSARY THAT THE original film be pro- the commission used a second print. duced because several of the copies which have been made A MAJOR PART OF THE COMMISSION'S conclusion available to select federal employes do not correspond and that only one assassin fired at the President rests on its are not true and accurate reproductions of the original analysis of the frames of this film and the speed at which film." they were taken. The motion says the subpena should be served on a In a motion filed today by assistant DA James L. Al- Time Inc, employe in Louisiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Pu Rsuitof Re Cordsand in Form At
    CHAPTER 7 PU R S U I T O F RE C O R D S A N D I N F O R M AT I O N F R O M NO N- FE D E R A L S O U R C E S I firmly believe that the Board has an obligation to seek out assassination records from all sources; public and private. The goal of Congress in passing S. 3006 was to ensure broadest possible disclosure of the records relating to the assassination. The fact that a document exists only in private hands should not deter the Board in any way from seeking to compel its transmission to the National Archives.—Judge Tunheim at the Review Board nomination hearings. Through fair and impartial application of the criteria developed by the Review Board and keeping in mind always the express purposes of the enabling legis- lation, I believe that the Review Board should be as aggressive as it needs to be to achieve disclosure of relevant records. That also applies to records held by private citizens...—William Joyce at the Review Board nomination hearings. A. PURSUIT OF RECORDS AND PAPERS FROM A P news reports of President Kennedy’s PRIVATE CITIZENS AND ORGANIZATIONS assassination, Lee Harvey Oswald’s arrest, Jack Ruby’s shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald, The Review Board actively encouraged pri- and President Kennedy’s funeral. Barnes, a vate citizens and organizations who pos- San Francisco-based A P reporter in 1963, sessed assassination records to donate them obtained permission from his editor to keep to the JFK Collection to make the collection the wire copy, which would otherwise have as historically rich as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Assassination Still Stirs Emotions, Doubts Neeley St
    The Journal Times 4A Friday, November 22, 2013 Nation Nov. 22, 1963 s Dallas, Texas s 12:30 p.m. Central time s Assassination of John F. Kennedy, 35th president of the United States s 59 percent of Americans feel there was a conspiracy* Alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald holding a rifle in the backyard at 214 Assassination still stirs emotions, doubts Neeley St. in Dallas, where his family rented in 1963 President John F. Kennedy’s administration was identified with currents of global change: sharp crises in the Cold War, the looming specter of the Vietnam conflict, social changes embodied by the civil rights movement. His killing in Dallas at age 46 deeply shocked the American public. Many still feel the official account of the assassination, the Warren Commission Report of 1964, presented some questionable findings and selectively ignored some evidence. It concluded the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, acted alone. Fifty years later, doubts persist over some key questions: JFK, first lady Jacqueline One shooter, Kennedy and Texas Gov. John three bullets Connally riding in motorcade moments before shooting s-ANLICHER #ARCANO BOLT ACTIONRIFLEANDTHREE shell casings were found NEARTHISSIXTH FLOORhSNIPERS NESTvINTHE4EXAS3CHOOL Book Depository s4HE7ARREN#OMMISSION ruled that Oswald was the sole shooter and he only fired three shots Zapruder film complicates stated limit of three bullets sMMFILMRECORDEDFRAMES ORSECONDS AS *&+SLIMOSLOWLYPASSEDON%LM3TREET A miss One of three shots misses limo; bystander s7ARREN2EPORTHADTORECONCILEVISUALEVIDENCEIN
    [Show full text]
  • Assassination of John F. Kennedy
    THE ASSASSINATION 0. THE ASSASSINATION - Story Preface 1. HAPPIER TIMES 2. TO DALLAS 3. LEE HARVEY OSWALD 4. THE MOTORCADE 5. THE ASSASSINATION 6. DEATH OF THE PRESIDENT 7. QUESTIONS 8. BOOK DEPOSITORY EVIDENCE 9. FATAL BULLETS 10. MURDER OF OFFICER TIPPIT 11. OSWALD'S ARREST 12. RUBY KILLS OSWALD 13. THE PRESIDENT'S FUNERAL President and Mrs. Kennedy arrive at Love Field on the morning of November 23, 1963. This would be the last time that JFK descends the steps leading away from Air Force One. He was fatally shot not long after Cecil Stoughton took this picture. Public-domain image online via JFK Presidential Library and Museum. NOTE: SOME LINKS IN THIS CHAPTER DEPICT UNSETTLING AND DIFFICULT-TO-VIEW MATERIAL. Recording events at about 18.5 frames per second, Zapruder's film is the best evidence of the assassination of President Kennedy. The 26-second film, now owned by the American people through the U.S. National Archives (at a cost of $16 million paid to Zapruder's heirs), begins routinely and ends horrifically. Panning from left to right, Zapruder followed the motorcade as it moved through Dealey Plaza. A highway sign momentarily blocked Zapruder's view of the President's limo. Staying focused, however, the amateur continued filming. Some experts believe the first shot was recorded between Frames 145-155. A young girl, running near the President's car, stopped and appears to stare at the Book Depository. On the sixth floor of the Book Depository, at that moment located behind the motorcade, Oswald allegedly fired twice more from the southeast corner.
    [Show full text]
  • Suety ..,,... „..., JFK Assassination Research Materials KODAK TECHNICAL REPORT
    JFK Assassination Research Materials Page 1 of 7 pkik._IRii I PriryaStpstemen1 JFK Assassination Research Materials KODAK TECHNICAL REPORT REPORT ACOESMORKIAILOR 310 4 a OP I SECO mire CiAS33FICATION AUTHORS APPROVAL 4-11 UerestrIcief lisiernei Use All r.ew chemicals described herein ear regiliterehl. CI Resiri:lecl iriarrratim Rsdassify All chemicals wolth add VANS r mixed in *le rwgt are listed bekivt. CI 60611d/rale] inichrmatin Reclassify- Report has h WA Cieritreied Dial rbuilos Signmura Ai -- rAli PLIar smsliwum;pmmow imaging Science Division 1 Analysis of Selected Motion:Ficturft Phokographle svidtwe suety ..,,....._„...., emmilema*Nw.mommisw Zavadar R. J. Poner, J. X mmni.i;7 The National Arhives and Records AdministratiOn (BABA) and tho AesassinatirJr Records Review Board CARRB) identi±ied the ac- d for an assessment of quRstions regarding the phcUographio ivider.oe of =he J9hn F. Kennedy assassineLien, itcluding MOtiOE picture films, stills and X—Rays. Th'La EQ/nru dddyesses the vinuage ot selected motion I5Lcture fiLms 'acid by It:ARA and the camera end printer hardware used to u-Opture the originla and dsrive vopies.. TILR part or the StI■dy VP digitally scan and enhance, where possible, selected autopay images was reported in Kt-Zak Technionl Rcoort 0170S9 (2/6/98) tes,yoroos lanr14nex, ei<3'ht lik15m8ter, 8,Inin, edge print. inK Model ,1" Priuto,:tr, Ndi 414PD Camera, WPWA, AREB KOOK .K4E651414 NVIOSEAS IKAN THIS ENTIRE DOCUMENT IS PROPERTY OF EASTMAN KODAK COMPAgy AND E iiaT TO BE REPRODUCEO 4.96 Why does this Report have Zapruder film "aherationists" terrified? 01101110 112/15/98 - We have consolidated our Zapruder Film Information pages - in order to make http://www.pe.net/—atd/ 12/17/98 JFK Assassination Research Materials Page 2 of 7 the pages easier to navigate.
    [Show full text]
  • Dan Rather Interviewer: Vicki Daitch Date of Interview: February 11, 2003 Place of Interview: New York, New York Length: 24 Pages
    Dan Rather Oral History Interview – JFK#1, 2/11/2003 Administrative Information Creator: Dan Rather Interviewer: Vicki Daitch Date of Interview: February 11, 2003 Place of Interview: New York, New York Length: 24 pages Biographical Note Rather is an American journalist, former anchor of the CBS Evening News and contributor to 60 Minutes. In this interview, he discusses his impressions of John F. Kennedy [JFK] and Robert F. Kennedy [RFK], the Kennedy-Nixon debate, RFK’s relationship with Lyndon B. Johnson, JFK’s assassination, and negotiations surrounding the Zapruder film among other issues. Access Open Usage Restrictions According to the deed of gift signed January 28, 2004, copyright of these materials has been assigned to the United States Government. Users of these materials are advised to determine the copyright status of any document from which they wish to publish. Copyright The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excesses of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law.
    [Show full text]
  • Dealey Plaza Deceptions: the Zapruder Film 1
    BK Gjerde (2004): Dealey Plaza Deceptions: The Zapruder Film 1 Dealey Plaza Deceptions: The Zapruder Film by Bjørn K. Gjerde © Copyright 2004 Bjørn K. Gjerde While working on my article about the forged autopsy photographs and the second autopsy of President John F. Kennedy, I occasionally took a look at the Zapruder film and other films and photographs taken at Dealey Plaza immediately before, during and after the assassination of President Kennedy on November 22, 1963. I was particularly interested in the Zapruder film, and looked at the complete film as well as the individual frames to some extent, comparing them with other images from the assassination scene. While doing so, I noticed some features in the film that didn’t match with that which could be seen in other photographs from Dealey Plaza. However, I didn’t have the opportunity to study the matter properly at that time, since I felt it was urgent to finish the article about the forged autopsy photographs and the second autopsy. So in that article I merely stated that: “Since the Secret Service and the FBI were involved in the conspiracy to kill President Kennedy, every piece of evidence from the assassination these agencies processed, must be looked upon with great suspicion. The other evidence may be just as falsified as the medical evidence presented in this article.” Having published my article about the forged medical evidence and the second autopsy on April 30, 2004, I began to take a closer look at the Zapruder film and other images from Dealey Plaza. I soon found out that the Zapruder film as well as several other photographs from the assassination scene were just as falsified as the autopsy photographs and x-rays of President Kennedy, but due to other obligations, it has taken several months to finish the present article about these falsifications.
    [Show full text]