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Herders and Farmers Conflicts on the Plateau: the Study of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, 2001-2018

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Herders and Farmers Conflicts on the Plateau: the Study of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, 2001-2018 Journal of Social Service and Welfare Volume 1, Issue 3, 2019, PP 21-32 ISSN 2642-8423 Can Two Wrongs Make A Right? Herders and Farmers Conflicts on the Plateau: The Study of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, 2001-2018 Cinjel Nandes Dickson Ph.D*, Ugwoke Chikaodilli Juliet Ph.D University of Nigeria, UNN, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: Cinjel Nandes Dickson Ph.D, University of Nigeria, UNN, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Herders and farmers conflicts in Nigeria have enjoyed a lot of construal and different connotations. The confrontations mostly started as farmers and herder’s conflict, then the attacks of suspected Fulani herders, then rustlers and bandits and a lot of others. The mode of attacks and nature of the clashes varies in different times and different places. The conflicts have further opened ways to menace such as the spread of Fulani bandit, the rise of cattle rustlers and other criminalities such as the activities of societal miscreants, and conflict entrepreneurs. All the attacks and confrontations often have negative bearings on people lives, properties, businesses, houses, food and agricultural produces. This study attempted to examine herders and farmers conflicts in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State and how it has affected societal progression. The study generated data from array of both published and unpublished materials such as text books, journal papers, newspapers, magazines, white paper of reports of panel of investigation and commission of inquiry, internet materials, seminar and conference papers and a lot of others. The main instrument used to generate data was interview. In interpreting our data, the relationship between herders and farmers conflicts and development was established at both theoretical and empirical level. Empirically, we used a qualitative and historical method that was critical and analytical in providing descriptive and historical details. This was further complemented by descriptive analysis. It was established that the activities of groups such as the Bigol, bandit and some youth of the Berom who often indulged in cattle rustling is at the heart to the incessant attacks that are witnessing in the Local Government Area . The acts have enjoyed a lot of interpolation and have been eroded and broaden by different vices in the society. It was also found out that the attacks have negative impact on lives and properties, farm products, livestock, food production, business and a lot of others. Conclusion was drawn that the herders and farmers confrontation in Barkin Ladi is a migraine to socio-economic development. Recommendations such as control of borders, good governance, improve policing, religious tolerance and a lot of others were proffered. Keywords: Herders, Farmers, Conflict, Cattle rustling and Underdevelopment INTRODUCTION is because the society has already been exposed to the perils such as proliferation of weapons, The history of violent attack in Barkin Ladi drug abuse, ethnic and religious sentiment, Area of Plateau State is dated back in the early indigene-settlers divide, cattle rustling, hate, part of 2001. It first started as a spillage of the incite, attitude of non-tolerance, activities of ethno-religious conflict which engulfed Jos conflict entrepreneurs and a lot of others. The North, the headquarters of the state in 2001 and menace is the creation of the previous conflicts the subsequent ones in 2003, 2004, 2007 and and today is seen as herder‟s and farmers‟ 2011. These attacks were purely on issue of conflict but there is more to that than narrowing politics, religion, ethnicity and the menace of the horizon of the conflict to that perspective indigene –settlers divide (Sanni, 2016). The (Anderson, 2016). The conflict is more of violence and the reprisal attacks in the past were attacks and reprisal attacks than open easily handled unlike the nowadays types that confrontation. The attacks do not only center on are incessant and a recurrent decimal. the herders and the farmers alone. It has The current confrontations are more of the expanded its horizon and spread across multiplier effect of the attacks in the past. This communities, affects children, women, worship Journal of Social Service and Welfare V1 ● I3 ● 2019 21 Can Two Wrongs Make A Right? Herders and Farmers Conflicts on the Plateau: The Study of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, 2001-2018 centres, passers on the high way, securities of Plateau State and why it has become a apparatus, among many others (Moses, 2015). recurrent decimal. The local Government Area has for long suffered from violent attacks and Religion and ethnicity have overshadowed the the state government and the local government main casus belli of the conflicts. This has failed to make certain the actual cause of these created more harm than good. The attackers attacks. These continued to widen the horizon of mostly hide under instrument such as ethnicity the conflict. and religion. They are fond of using ethnic and religious artifacts to commit the heinous crimes. Another problem which also motivated the When the said herders attacks, the wore attires study is the tenacity of the conflict and how it such as kaftans, shout Allah hu waku bar, wore has wrecked havoc on lives and properties. A beats, caps and speak language of victims of the lot of persons were killed and sumptuous of attacks so as to attract them out(Williams & properties worth billions of naira were Muazam, 2017). On the other hand if the said destroyed. There are incidences of population farmers who are chiefly the Berom native displacement, proliferation of weapons, food embarked on a revenge mission, they attack by insecurities, mutual suspiciousness and a lot of using the citation of apostolic creed, the lord others. It is in line with this thinking that the prayers, baptismal card, wedding picture and a following research questions were posited to lot of others religious artifacts of their faith to guide the study: identified their own and as well strike on their What are the unfeigned causes of the herders perceived enemies.. At a point, persons with and farmers conflicts in Barkin Ladi Local long bears are easily seen and treated as enemies Government Area of Plateau State? from the other side (Aliyu, 2016). Religion and ethnicity are easily manipulated What are the effects of these incessant while the activities of Bigol (a group of young attacks on development in Barkin Ladi Local Fulani boys known in Hausa as Dabalde), the Government Area of Plateau state? indigenous youth that are in to cattle rustling, OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Bandit groups which comprises of young men from each of the divide are noticeably ignored The main objective of the study is to examine and snubbed. The Bigol damaged crops the herders and farmers conflict in Barkin Ladi intentionally, usually in the night and attacked local government area of Plateau State any farmer who tried to prevent them. This The specific objective of the study include to: immature young pastoralist beats and tried to killed cultivators in most of the process Identify the actual cause of the herders and (Danladi, 2017). The problem usually arose is farmers conflicts in Barkin Ladi Local how to identify them since they moved away as government area of Plateau State soon as the committed this atrocities and older Assess the effects of the incessant attacks on innocent cattle pastoralist became the the development in Barkin Ladi Local unfortunate victims of retaliation by the Government Area of Plateau State cultivator or the host community. The young rustlers from the native divide are mostly armed ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY with sophisticated weapon and specialized in the The activities of cattle rustlers (Bigol, rustling of cow owned by the Fulani to weaken Bandit, youth from the native ethnic group) the Fulani herders. Some are in to the act to buy have significant influence on the incessant weapons and some partook to make money from attacks of farmers and herders in Barkin Ladi it (Sanni, 2016). There are also rustlers who are Local Government Area of Plateau State more of a bandit group. This comprises of youths from both the Fulani and the Berom The incessant attacks of farmers and herders divide. The member of this group wrecked have significant effects on the development havoc for their own personal gain. in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM METHODOLOGY One of the obvious reasons that prompted the At a time like this when the world is universally study is the interest to ascertain the actual exchanging cold war for hot peace, research causes of the incessant attacks and reprisal and studies on conflict must be action oriented attacks in Barkin Ladi local Government Area and be geared towards informing policy making 22 Journal of Social Service and Welfare V1 ● I3 ● 2019 Can Two Wrongs Make A Right? Herders and Farmers Conflicts on the Plateau: The Study of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, 2001-2018 and facilitating constructive interventions. This The word is Synonymic to wordings such as concern informs not only how our field work pastoralist, herdsmen, herdspersons, livestock was carried out but also how this report is farmers, breeders, ranchers, squire, breeders and presented. With a view to establishing how the a lot of others. The word herder as applied to the conflicts and attacks started, we consulted context in Nigeria is someone who is in records of report of commission of inquiry and possession of livestock most especially cows. panels of investigation. The files consulted They are mostly referenced as persons who include inter-departmental correspondence, domesticate animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, intelligence reports, petitions and newspaper donkeys, Carmel and a lot of others. According articles. The information derived from all these to Stevenson (2016), a herder in Nigeria is sources explains the nature of the conflict in the someone who herds livestock and from the past and how it has transcended to the incessant Fulfulde speaking ethnic group.
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