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Influence of the Microbiota on a Phytophagous Insect: Interactions Between Delia Radicum and Its Intracellular and Extracellular Symbionts Valérie Lopez

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Influence of the microbiota on a phytophagous insect: interactions between Delia radicum and its intracellular and extracellular symbionts Valérie Lopez To cite this version: Valérie Lopez. Influence of the microbiota on a phytophagous insect : interactions between Delia radicum and its intracellular and extracellular symbionts. Agricultural sciences. Université Rennes 1, 2018. English. NNT : 2018REN1B044. tel-02081438 HAL Id: tel-02081438 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02081438 Submitted on 27 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE DE RENNES 1 COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 600 Ecole doctorale Ecologie, Géosciences, Agronomie et Alimentation Spécialité : « Écologie et Évolution » Par Valérie LOPEZ Impact du microbiote chez un insecte phytophage : Interactions entre Delia radicum et ses symbiotes intra et extracellulaires Thèse présentée et soutenue à Rennes, le 30 novembre 2018 Unité de recherche : Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP) Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Laurence Mouton Maître de conférences – Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Christine Braquart-Varnier Professeure – Université de Poitiers Composition du Jury : Rapporteures : Laurence Mouton Ma ître de conférences – Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Christine Braquart-Varnier Professeure – Université de Poitiers Examinateurs : David Giron Directeur de Recherche CNRS – Université de Tours Hervé Merçot Directeur de Recherche CNRS – Université Pierre et Marie Curie Directeur de thèse : Denis Poinsot Maître de conférences – Université de Rennes 1 Co-directrice de thèse : Anne Marie Cortesero Professeure – Université de Rennes 1 Insiders Rule Witchcraft was not born from your race: Ours it has been from untold times Like goblins we have roamed the Earth Buried deeper than meet your eyes As stowaways we pull the strings Culling the males before they're born How we do it? No magic rings It's in the deal when we are borne At our beginnings we were free Proteobacteria of the wild Into hosts since has grown our tree Passengers terrible or mild In any cell we can be found Egg or soma, winter or spring Not bearing us means shaky ground Those who try may not bear offspring In ovo hear this, worm or fly: Save us — you live; shed us — you die. – Denis POINSOT – Remerciements Quand on commence une thèse– – le curseur qui clignote enfin sous, il laest partie difficile « Remerciements dimaginer cet instant». Je pensais ; celui que o‘ oncet aura exercice tout seraijuste terminé décrire son manuscrit de thèse ; celui o‘ on sassiéra devant son écran, avec que mes mots ne parviennent pas à refléter le fond de ma pensée. Si ma crainte n°1 se t facile, mais il ne lest pas. Jai peur doublier quelquun évidemment, mais remédier aussi peur à la crainte n°2, je vais laisser courir mes doigts sur le clavier sans trop réfléchir, sans trop relire,réalise, et honte laisser à moi,parler et mapar spontanéité. avance, mes plus plates excuses pour loubli ! Pour Laurence Mouton et Christine Braquart- Varnier pour avoir ac David Giron et HervéJe tiens Merçot tout dabord pour leurà remercier présence sincèrement en tant que membres du jury le jour de ma soutenance. cepté dêtre rapporteures de ma thèse ; ainsi que (Pour l’anecdote, Hervé Merçot était le directeur de thèse de mon directeur de thèse, voilà donc une jolie façon de boucler la boucle !). Je remercie également chaleureusement tous les membres de mes comités de thèse pour leur bienveillance et leurs conseils précieux. Vous savez tous que mon premier comité a été assez difficile pour moi après cette première de cette satanée Wolbachia mouches. Vous avez su ne pas dramatiser la choseannée et me quasiment faire rebondir, tombée et à pour leau cela,à cause un grand merci à Yannick Outreman,qui avait Christophe décidé de Mougel,disparaître Nicole de lune van nosDam, lignées Fabrice de Vavre, David Renaud, Hervé Colinet, Jean-Christophe Simon et Stéphane Derocles. Merci également à Anne Atlan, ma tutrice, tu as su trouver les mots justes, même si difficiles à entendre, quand jen avais vraiment besoin. Vient ensuite le tour de mes encadrants, mes chers encadrants ! Il va être difficile de us, comme jerésumer me plais en à quelques vous appeler lignes ; je toutes vais quand les jolies même choses essayer. que jaimerais dire à votre sujet, car très franchement, je naurais pas pu espérer avoir de meilleurs « chefs » que vo Denis , aliasje pense papa pouleque tu n°. vis Jeun pense peu sur que ta peu propre de doctorantes planète, ce qui ont fait eu dela chancetoi une davoirpersonne un directeur de thèse comme toi. Tu es quelquun de passionné et de passionnant, quelquun dà part, absolument unique ; je me sens vraiment privilégiée de te connaître. Tout a commencé u lorsque jai repris mes études en après… hum… années darrêt en tout. Cela a été ne vraie galère administrative pour moi, et déjà à lépoque, tu mavais sauvé laétudiants, vie : cest grâce à toi que jai enfin pu me réinscrire sereinement en Master . Professeur exceptionnel, tu tes tout de suite démarqué ! Je tai dit que tu faisais peur aux pas vrai ? Mais je tai aussi dit que moi, je navais pas peur ! (ahae faire ! Et unecest thèse en toute avec connaissance de cause que je tai contacté en , depuis ma tente au Mexique, après avoir pédalé pendant deux ans, parce que ma nouvelle lubie, cétait d Mercitoi en pourrentrant ta présence ! Ni une tout ni deux,au long tu de mas cette concocté thèse, pour un sujet aux petits oignons, et bim, quelques semaines après, jétais parmi vous. Merci donc de mavoir donné cette chance ! mavoir remonté le moral quand pourjavais les des pains coups au chocolatde mou, etpour les chocolatsavoir été chaulà simplement TOUT LE TEMPS, et même être venu les jours fériés pendant ma rédaction, juste « au cas o‘ jaurais besoin de toi ». Merci ds rapportés de la cafét parce que « javais unbesoin chouette de sucre pense-bête, » en cette même fin de après rédaction, la thèse merci ;) pour ton œuvre dart trouvée un matin sur mon bureau quand ça nallait pas fort, je vais la garder précieusement, car ça restera Anne Marie, alias maman poule n°2. Probablement la directrice de labo la plus cool qui maître, tout en restant bienveillante à tous les égards. Souriante (tout le temps) et soit ! Scientifique accomplie, professeure, directrice de labo que tu gères dune main de disponibilité. Il y a des jours où tu étais clairement débordée, à courir à droite à gauche, avecdébordante à peine de le gentillesse. temps de grignoterCe qui ma un le trucplus marquéle midi, depuiset pourtant, le début, ta porte cest tonétait incroyable toujours toujours un « oui », et avec le sourire bien sûr ! Merci pour ta patience, tes encouragements etentrouverte, ton encadrement et à chaque en règle fois générale, que jy glissais pour tes la têteremarques pour savoir hyper si pertinentes tu avais minutes, (qui font cest que cert ains articles ont fait pas mal dA/R entre ma rédaction et tes correctionsoutes → ces cf. Articlefois où n°, mais on a réussi !!!. Le travail cest une chose, mais il ny a pas que ça ! Le surnom de maman poule n° tu las bien mérité toi aussi, comme par exemple pour t tu as pris des nouvelles de moi chaque jour lorsque jétais clouée au lit. Merci pour ton sens de lhumour exacerbé, parce quil faut le dire, on sest quand même bien marrées, et passer tout de suite. Merci pour tous les verres partagés (ah cette passion commune du javoue que la toute première fois que je tai rencontrée, jai senti que le courant allait faire des petits trous à ta fille (bientôt ton tour, je tiens à le rappeler ! peut-être que tu champagne… on ne se refait pas hein !, merci de mavoir fait suffisamment confiance pour ?? hinhin), et merci également pour ta fidélité à l'Épicerie-Valou.com ! pourras aussi maider à immobiliser Denis pour lui mettre un anneau dans le nez de force Denis, Anne Marie père très sincèrement que notre histoire ne Quoi quil arrive, , jes sarrêteYannick pas, un là, ÉNORME et que nous merci aurons pour deton nombreuses aide et ta bienveillance. occasions de Pournous recroiser.moi, tu représentes vraiment la force tranquille à létat pur, tu dégages cette espèce daura dintelligence et cettetout ce opportunité que tu dis touta été le quelque temps estpeu incroyablement retardée à cause pertinent, de ma tête jai qui une était grande loin admirationce jour- tupour sais, toi. sur Jespère la Lune, avoir loin mon là-bas nom !... trèsMerci bientôt pour àton côté aide du très tien poussée sur une publication, puisque données, et là… aidé et que j sur lanalyse de mes alors encoretes merci. encouragements pendant ces ans, cest quelque chose qui ma vraiment ai vraiment apprécié, dautant plus que tu nétais pas du tout obligé de le faire, Maxime, alias la force tranquille n°2 ! Merci pour ton aide précieuse sur toute la partie amais été capable de faire des statistique de ce manuscrit. Très franchement, je naurais j -li-té ! Merci pour ta patience,scripts aussi ta pédagogie,poussés toute et pour seule. avoir Tu mas toujo fait gagner un temps précieux bon nombre de fois, et au moins avec toi je suis sûre davoir fait des analyses de qua urs pris le temps de mexpliquer toutes ces équations/scripts qui me semblaient barbaresté réceptif au à premiermes blagues abord.
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    Cultivation-Independent Methods Reveal Differences among Bacterial Gut Microbiota in Triatomine Vectors of Chagas Disease Fabio Faria da Mota1, Lourena Pinheiro Marinho2, Carlos Jose´ de Carvalho Moreira3, Marli Maria Lima4, Cı´cero Brasileiro Mello5, Eloi Souza Garcia2, Nicolas Carels6*, Patricia Azambuja2 1 Laborato´rio de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2 Laborato´rio de Bioquı´mica e Fisiologia de Insetos, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 Laborato´rio de Doenc¸as Parasita´rias, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 4 Laborato´rio de Ecoepidemiologia da Doenc¸a de Chagas, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 5 Laborato´rio de Biologia de Insetos, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 6 Laborato´rio de Genoˆmica Funcional e Bioinforma´tica, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Abstract Background: Chagas disease is a trypanosomiasis whose agent is the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans by hematophagous bugs known as triatomines. Even though insecticide treatments allow effective control of these bugs in most Latin American countries where Chagas disease is endemic, the disease still affects a large proportion of the population of South America. The features of the disease in humans have been extensively studied, and the genome of the parasite has been sequenced, but no effective drug is yet available to treat Chagas disease. The digestive tract of the insect vectors in which T. cruzi develops has been much less well investigated than blood from its human hosts and constitutes a dynamic environment with very different conditions. Thus, we investigated the composition of the predominant bacterial species of the microbiota in insect vectors from Rhodnius, Triatoma, Panstrongylus and Dipetalogaster genera.
  • Exploring Host–Microbiota Interactions in Animal Models and Humans

    Exploring Host–Microbiota Interactions in Animal Models and Humans

    Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on September 30, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press REVIEW Exploring host–microbiota interactions in animal models and humans Aleksandar D. Kostic,1,2,3,4 Michael R. Howitt,1,2,3 and Wendy S. Garrett1,2,3,4,5 1Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; 4The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02141, USA The animal and bacterial kingdoms have coevolved and of experimental control that is not achievable in human coadapted in response to environmental selective pres- studies. Both vertebrates and invertebrates have been sures over hundreds of millions of years. The meta’omics essential for discovering the microbial-associated molec- revolution in both sequencing and its analytic pipelines ular patterns and host pattern recognition receptors re- is fostering an explosion of interest in how the gut quired for sensing of pathogenic and symbiotic microbes. microbiome impacts physiology and propensity to dis- In many cases, tractable genetics in the host and microbes ease. Gut microbiome studies are inherently interdisci- have proven essential for identifying both microbial and plinary, drawing on approaches and technical skill sets host factors that enable symbiosis. Model systems are from the biomedical sciences, ecology, and computa- also revealing roles for the microbiome in host physiology tional biology. Central to unraveling the complex biology ranging from mate selection (Sharon et al. 2010) to of environment, genetics, and microbiome interaction in skeletal biology (Cho et al.