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Figure 6-3 Visual Analysis: Zone of Primary Visibility

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Using professional judgement, Landscape Characteristics have been initially National Planning Policy - Landscape assessed for potential sensitivity to change and a decision made as to whether individual characteristics can be scoped-out of further assessment. An appreciation of the ‘weight’ to be attributed to any landscape effects arising Where not scoped-out, assessment of these characteristics is undertaken in from development starts with an understanding of the planning context within further detail, on the basis of the level of effects on these characteristics which any such development is to be tested for its acceptability. potentially being a material consideration, and presented as part of the assessment. Assessment of effects on Landscape Character is undertaken It is stated in paragraph 14 of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) separately, taking into account all landscape characteristics, including those (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2012) that “ At the heart scoped-out of individual assessment. of the National Planning Policy Framework is a presumption in favour of sustainable development, which should be seen as a golden thread running The following tables have been extracted from Appendix 6.1 as a reference through both plan-making and decision-taking’. aid with regards to derivation of sensitivity, magnitude and significance of effects (for landscape and visual aspects), but the assessment should be read It goes on to state that in terms of Council decision making this means that in conjunction with the full method of assessment and methodology (Appendix ‘where the development plan is absent, silent or relevant policies are out of 6.1). date, granting permission unless any adverse impacts of doing so would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits, when assessed against For derivation of aspects relating to Landscape Value , see Tables Ap 1 – 11 the policies in this Framework taken as a whole; or specific policies in this within Appendix 6.1 . Framework indicate development should be restricted”. Guidance in paragraph 98 of the NPPF states that Local Planning Authorities, 6.4 Baseline Situation - Landscape Aspects when determining planning applications, should “ approve the application unless material considerations indicate otherwise and if its impacts are (or can 6.4.1 Landscape Policy be made) acceptable. Once suitable areas for renewable and low carbon energy have been identified in plans, local planning authorities should also The current policy framework for planning control relating specifically to the expect subsequent applications for commercial scale projects outside these site is provided by the Development Plan comprised of the relevant policies areas to demonstrate that the proposed location meets the criteria used in described below. identifying suitable areas ”. European Landscape Convention Staffordshire County Council Minerals Policy - Landscape The UK is a signatory to the Council of Europe’s European Landscape Convention (ELC) which promotes landscape protection, management and The statutory development plan which applies to the site is the Staffordshire planning. The UK Government has stated that it considers the UK to be and Stoke-on-Trent Minerals Local Plan Saved Policies (Staffordshire County compliant with the ELC’s requirements and that the principal requirements of Council and Stoke-on-Trent City Council, Adopted 1999). Polices relevant to the ELC are already enshrined in the existing suite of national policies and this assessment include: guidance on the assessment of landscape and visual effects. MLP Policy 9 : applications should incorporate provision for site restoration It is important to recognise that the ELC does not require the preservation of and aftercare. all landscapes, although landscape protection is one of the core themes of the convention. Equally important though is the requirement to manage and plan MLP Policy 21 : proposals should be informed and be sympathetic to future landscape change. landscape character and quality.

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MLP Policy 22 : Mineral Planning Authorities will encourage agreed Policy E.5 Character of the Green Belt: The character and openness of the vegetation establishment, including the planting of tree, woodlands and/or Green Belt will be retained and enhanced wherever possible to provide a hedgerows, in advance of, and in the early stages of, mineral development, source of recreation and enjoyment. and within and around site allocated in the MLP to provide screening and enable the early establishment of landscaping. Policy E.6 Development in Rural Areas: The District Council will protect the countryside for its own sake. In rural areas development will not be permitted MLP Policy 39 : Permission for granted extensions to existing excavation outside the village boundaries shown on the Proposals Map except where the areas will be made conditional on extraction in the existing permitted area proposal accords with other policies and proposals of this Plan and meets the being completed prior to extraction commencing in the permitted extension policy on amenity and design principles (Policy D.C. 1) and at least one of the area, unless proven, overriding operational reasons require otherwise. following applies:

MLP Policy 38 : as long as the required landbanks are maintained, proposals • The development proposal is essential to the operation of agriculture for the winning and working of minerals outside existing permitted sites or or forestry or other uses appropriate to a rural area and cannot sites allocated in the MLP will only be permitted in exceptional circumstances reasonably be located within existing settlements. and where they accord with the Development Plan. • The proposal is for outdoor recreation or leisure use and associated Appendix 5 of the Minerals Local Plan is Supplementary Planning Guidance buildings which are consistent with the essential requirements of the (Code of Practice for Mineral Development) and provides general guidance on recreation use, or it represents the diversification of existing matters that prospective applicants will need to bear in mind when submitting agricultural activity within an established agricultural unit. 3. The applications for mineral development. proposal involves the re-use of rural buildings in accordance with Policy D.C. 4 of the Plan. Staffordshire also have produced a new Minerals Local Plan for Staffordshire (2015 to 2030) – draft for consultation (Staffordshire County Council, May The emerging local plan (Lichfield District Council, July 2012) largely reflects 2014), which includes draft Policy 4 which seeks to ensure that the impacts of policies in the NPPF: mineral development are minimised with respect to a range of issues, including visual intrusion and landscape effects. Strategic Priority 12 : To protect and enhance the quality and character of the countryside, its landscapes and villages by ensuring that development which takes place to meet identified rural development needs contributes positively Lichfield District Policy - Landscape to countryside character through enhancements to the local environment and The Local Plan (Lichfield District Council, 1998) has a number of saved preserves the Green Belt. policies. Saved policies will remain until replaced by policies in the emerging Strategic Priority 13 : To protect and enhance and expand the quality and Local Plan and these include: diversity of the natural environment within and outside urban areas and help Policy E.1 Countryside and Landscape Improvements: In determining realise the positive contributions which can be made to address climate planning applications and bringing forward its own proposals the District change. Council will promote, encourage and carry out proposals for countryside and landscape enhancement and improvements including the planting of locally native trees and hedgerows in appropriate locations. Emphasis will be placed upon countryside enhancement and planting proposals in land reclamation schemes where appropriate.

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6.5 Landscape Designations the area along the route of Rock Hill.

6.5.1 The Site 6.5.4 Historic Land-Use and Cover

No part of the site, or within 5km of the site’s boundary, lies within a statutorily The north west extension area is shown on historical maps, to comprise of 2-3 designated landscape (an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty or National fields. Park). 6.5.5 Tree Preservation Orders No part of the site lies within or within 2km to a non-statutorily designated landscape such as a Special Landscape Area. There are no Tree Preservation Orders (TPO) affecting the site.

The site lies within the West Midlands Green Belt, see Figure L1 (reproduced 6.5.6 Rights of Way and Open Access Land as ES Figure 6.1 ). A number of public rights of way (PRoWs) are present in the vicinity of the 6.5.2 Registered Parks and Gardens site; the nearest being 3 bridleways and a long distance footpath that run adjacent to the site boundary: Bridleway Hints 2 (northern boundary), No part of the Site or surrounding area lies within a Registered Park or Bridleway Hints 3 (western boundary), Bridleway Hints 18 (partially diverted, Garden. southern boundary) and the Heart of England Way long distance footpath (northern part of the western boundary) heading south westwards along Hints 6.5.3 Listed Buildings, Scheduled Monuments and 4 and northwards along Swinfen and Packington 6. European Long Distance Conservation Areas Path ‘E-Route 2’ follows (using) the route of the Heart of England Way past the site. A formal assessment of the historical setting of these heritage features falls outside the scope of this LVIA, but the issues are addressed as part of the Other nearby footpaths include: Cultural Heritage study set out in Chapter 13.0 of the ES. However, in the • Bridleway (Ref. Swinfen and Packington 7) c.10m west; course of Crestwood’s desktop study and assessment of the site, the following was found: • Bridleway along Knox Grave Lane (Ref. Hints 2) c.10m north; A number of Listed Buildings lie within 2km of the Site (see Figure L1 ); none • Bridleway (Ref. Swinfen and Packington 5) (west of Jerry’s Lane) of which lies within the Zone of Primary Visibility (see Figures L1 and L2 ). c.650m west; There are no Scheduled Monuments within the 2km of the Site. • Bridleway (Ref. Swinfen and Packington 12) c.640 east; Hints and Hopwas Conservation Areas are the only Conservation Areas within 2km of the Site. Hints Conservation Area is located c.1.47km to the south of • Footpath (Ref. Swinfen and Packington 11) c.610m east; the north west extension area, and Hopwas Conservation Area is c.1.85km • east of the north western extension area (at closest points). Both fall outwith Bridleway (Ref. Swinfen and Packington 8) c.850 northwest; and the ZTV; see Figures L1 and L2. • Footpath (Ref. Hints R1/2868) c.650m south. The ancient road ‘Watling Street’ (formerly the A5, now C36) passes through To the south of the A5 road there are a number of PRoWs that lie within the

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ZTV, but do not lie within the Zone of Primary Visibility (see Figure L2).

There are no areas of Access Land, Greens or Commons located within the ZTV.

The nearest Cycle Route, Regional Route 25, circa 2km east of the site, lies outwith the ZTV.

6.5.7 High Speed Rail Link 2

A Hybrid Bill has been presented to Parliament for passing to allow a second high speed rail link to be built between London and the West Midlands (Phase 1) and beyond. The proposed route runs circa 585m to the west of the north west extension area, at its nearest point, and 340m from the site’s entrance off Watling Street (see Figure 6.4 ). The Bill will grant the powers necessary to construct and operate Phase 1 of HS2. If passed and brought into law as expected, construction will start in 2017, and the line is anticipated to be operational by 2026 (HS2 Ltd., 2014).

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Figure 6-4 Map Extract of Proposed HS2 Route (HS2 Ltd., 2014)

Northwestern Extension Area

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• Extensive coniferous plantations, woodlands and historic parklands 6.6 Landscape Character occur across the NCA, even within the urban areas where they are predominantly small and include lots of young plantations. 6.6.1 Introduction • Industrial archaeology from the industrial revolution is a char acteristic Landscape and visual assessment is comprised of a study of two separate but feature. ‘ inter-linked components: A number of factors are described in the ‘Landscape Change’ section; • Landscape character – which is the physical make up and condition however because these cover the whole character area they are relatively of the landscape itself. Landscape character arises from a distinct, generic. Therefore, following the fieldwork, only the following has been recognisable and consistent pattern of physical and social elements, considered relevant to the site and immediate area: aesthetic factors and perceptual aspects; and • ‘Continued demand for sand and clay from existing quarries and for • Visual amenity – which is the way in which the site is seen and waste disposal provides opportunities for restoration of sites back to appreciated; views to and from the site, their direction, character and amenity or nature conservation use. ’ sensitivity to change. 6.6.3 Natural Area Profile This section summarises and reviews relevant published landscape assessments which contribute to a better understanding of the site’s The site lies within the Midlands Plateau Natural Area (No. 43). This states landscape character. that: “The Midlands Plateau Natural Area possesses a very diverse nature conservation resource which belies the image of the area as essentially 6.6.2 National Landscape Character Assessment urban. The mineral wealth of the area was a major factor in the development of the Midlands Plateau as an industrial area and the Natural Area has an The landscape of England has been subject to a nationwide landscape outstanding variety of geological features from a wide range of the geological character assessment which divides England into National Character Areas periods. The woodlands of the Wyre Forest and the Severn Valley give an (NCAs). The site lies within NCA 67 - Cannock Chase and Cank Wood idea of what the area would have been like before the forest clearances and (Natural England, 2012). The relevant characteristics of this NCA are broadly are home to woodland butterflies and the dormouse. described as: On the sandstone, heathlands predominate, e.g. such as Cannock Chase and • ‘A varied landscape ranging from the open heathlands and plantations Sutton Park, and their wide, open, bleak character provides the Midlands of Cannock Chase, through towns, reclaimed mining sites and new Plateau with its own touch of wilderness. Unimproved grasslands, although developments, to dense urban areas. relatively rare, are also a feature of the area, acid grassland being associated with the heathlands, neutral grassland with the river systems and calcareous • The dominant rounded central plateau is mainly formed of the Coal grasslands restricted to those areas where the limestone outcrops. The range Measures of the South Staffordshire Coalfield, with other prominent of habitats in the urban areas is also great and includes remnants of semi- hills in the south at Wren’s Nest, Castle Hill, Rowley Hills and Barr natural habitats such as valley mires and ancient woodlands, meadows and Beacon. field ponds (Natural England, n.d.) The overarching objectives are listed as:

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• To prevent further loss and degradation of all semi-natural habitats views begin to be controlled by woodland interlock. In these areas new within the Natural Area, and to enhance and expand the most planting, especially of larger woodlands, would help to restore landscape important and characteristic types such as rivers and streams, structure. Parkland areas are in need of sensitively designed tree and wetlands, heathland, woodland neutral and acidic grasslands. woodland planting to restore those landscapes to an appropriate character. ”

• To enhance the nature conservation value of the wider countryside Specific guidelines for the Character Area have a strong focus on tree and and urban areas to restore degraded areas whilst retaining the woodland planting, stating: “ In the more open areas new woodlands are essential character of the Natural Area. needed, and these will be highly visible and in need of particular care over their design. They should generally be of a broadleaved character, although • To maintain and expand the populations of internationally and conifers are acceptable provided broadleaved edges are retained .” nationally important species, together with key species which are characteristic of the Natural Area. The landscape policy objective for this landscape character area is ‘landscape restoration ’. Arable field margins and lowland heathland are • To maintain the geological and geomorphological features of the noted as being ‘Very High’ priority habitats in this character area. Natural Area for future research and enjoyment. The remainder of the site (in the eastern / southeastern sector) lies within the Sandstone Hills and Heaths Landscape Character Type . The assessment 6.6.4 Local Landscape Character Assessment states: “ This landscape type occurs at rather higher elevations than the sandstone estatelands: it has the same underlying geology and range of soils The Landscape Character Assessment which applies to the site is the but the landform is more pronounced, comprising hills and dissected plateaux. Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Structure Plan SPG: Planning for Landscape Significant areas of this type in Staffordshire – in particular Cannock Chase - Change (Staffordshire County Council, 2000). The site straddles the boundary have the original heathland vegetation or coniferous forests established on between two landscape character types (See Figure L1). The north west heathland. Where conversion has been to farmland stock rearing is the extension area and the majority of the site fall within the Sandstone predominant land use, in large hedged fields of a regular pattern, indicating Estatelands Landscape Character Type , with the characteristics that are relatively recent enclosure ”. relevant to the site described as: Characteristics relevant to the site include: • ‘Flat to gently undulating landform; • Irregular hedged field pattern; • Intensive arable farmland; • Stunted hedgerow oaks; • Broadleaved and mixed woodlands; • Pronounced rounded landform; • Plantations and game coverts; • Urban edge; • Parkland; and • Horseyculture; and • Hedged field pattern.’ • Inappropriate poor quality fencing. The potential value for new woodland planting in the Sandstone Estatelands Landscape Character Area is stated as being “ Very high in those landscapes It states: “ The critical factors which currently limit landscape quality are the that are becoming open prairies due to agricultural intensification such that

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LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL EFFECT 6 relatively poor survival of characteristic semi-natural vegetation, in particular affected by the A5 Hints Bypass which runs along a combination of man- heathland, the loss of characteristic landscape features, and a decline in the made embankments and cuttings. To the south of this, the land generally condition of those features that remain... Potential value of new woodland starts to rise again, with numerous hillocks present, up to circa 157m AOD. planting [is of] moderate value overall, to provide a replacement structure to the landscape as hedgerows disappear due to general decline or farming Settlement, Built Development and Infrastructure intensification. It could also serve to screen incongruous urbanising landscape features and to reduce the visual influence of urban edges ”. The north west extension area: There are no dwellings within the site itself. The only built element is a plastic-lined irrigation lagoon. The landscape policy objective for this landscape character area is ‘landscape maintenance ’. Ponds, lowland acid grassland and heathland are The surrounding landscape: There are very few dwellings close to the site, noted as being ‘Very High’ priority habitats in this character area. with only a couple of cottages and farmsteads located within 0.5km of the site boundary: one on the south eastern boundary (Buck’s Head Cottages), and one circa 450m to the north (Common Barn). Numerous dwellings are 6.6.5 Landscape Characteristics from Fieldwork dispersed over the wider area, notably adjacent to road routes and the Crestwood conducted an assessment of the site’s and the surrounding area’s villages at Hints (to the south), and Hopwas (to the east). The A51 road is landscape characteristics in March 2014. located circa 600m north of the site, the A5 (Hints Bypass), running east-west, is circa 800m south of the site, and the A38 (running north-south) is located The individual characteristics of the site (focussing on the north west circa 2km west of the site. Rock Hill / Watling Street (the old A5) runs parallel extension area) and locality were noted, as was the condition of these. to and south of the A5 bypass. Flats Lane and Jerry’s Lane form a single Differences in the composition and the character of the north west extension length of minor road running north-south, 600m west of the site at its nearest area’s physical components were noted as well as their sensitivity to and point. ability to accommodate change. The north west extension area’s and locality’s key characteristics and its local context are outlined below. A tall telecommunications mast is located on the hill centrally located amongst, but just outside the existing quarry complex (Lichfield Transmitting Landform Station).

The north west extension area: The land generally falls from east to west from Land-use and Vegetation Cover circa 135m AOD to 110m AOD, with a shallow valley (aligned north-south) positioned centrally. Slope gradients are generally circa 1:15 or shallower. The north west extension area: The site essentially consists of two fields of Temporary grassed soil storage bunds were present at the time of the arable farmland, an irrigation lagoon and a combination of hedgerow and fieldwork. fenced field boundaries.

The surrounding landscape: To the immediate south, east and northeast, the The surrounding landscape: The adjacent quarry complex consists of large land is heavily affected by past and current mineral operations at Hints and areas of exposed sand, silt lagoons, operational mineral processing areas and Hopwas Quarry, such that land levels and gradients are highly variable, but areas of restored land. Some areas have naturally colonised to a combination generally lower than the Site. There is a fairly prominent retained hillock woodland and scrub. Areas to the north and west consist largely of arable centrally located at the quarry complex at circa 151m AOD. The eastern farmland with hedgerow field boundaries, occasional woodland copses and boundary of the quarry complex forms a ridgeline (aligned north-south) of access tracks. To the east and northeast are larger areas of mixed woodland. circa 140-145m AOD, beyond which the land falls away into a wide valley. To To the immediate south of the quarry complex are areas of market gardening. the west and north the land generally gradually falls away, undulating slightly, Further afield to the south, the main land-use/land cover is a combination of but generally lying between 80m and 110m AOD. To the south, the land is pasture grassland and woodland.

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6.7 Landscape Value low scenic quality.

Landscape Value is one aspect used to help determine the sensitivity of the Rarity – Occasional individual locally distinctive elements at the periphery landscape. Determination of Landscape Value requires a degree of (e.g. heathy edges), but otherwise commonly found elements. professional judgement, based on the findings in the desk studies and field Representativeness - The fields and elements are typical of those in the work. Overall Landscape Value is derived, in this assessment, using criteria landscape character area and fairly frequently found. on a number of contributing factors (e.g. Scenic Quality) - see Tables Ap1 – Ap10 in Methodology and Method of Assessment in Appendix 6.1 . Conservation Interest - There are no ecological designations on or adjoining the site and there are no cultural heritage features of note present within the 6.7.1 Value of Landscape Character and Characteristics at site. the Site Tranquillity – The site is largely affected by quarrying operations, obvious A number of relevant aspects are relevant to determination of the Landscape presence of built landscape elements and a number of Public Rights of Way value of the site: and nearby roads.

• The crops within the interior of the north west extension area are Associations – No known associations with the site. transient and do not represent mature landscape features although Recreational Value – European Long Distance footpath ‘E-Route 2’ (along the they do contribute towards the farmed character of the landscape; route of the Heart of England Way Long Distance Footpath) passes along the edge of the site, along with other Public Rights of Way. • The existing operational quarry area and associated lagoons and mounds etc. are temporary, dynamic elements; Agricultural Value – Much of the site is an operational quarry. The north west extension area consists of 70% agricultural land of Grade 2 quality, nearly • The only other landscape element within the north west extension 24% Grade 3a quality with the rest being non-agricultural (ref ES Chapter area is an engineered (plastic-lined) irrigation pond; 8.0).

Landscape Protection - No statutory or non-statutory landscape designations The factors contributing to the landscape value of the site are summarised in apply to the site. There are no TPOs affecting trees within or along the site’s Table 6.1. boundaries.

Landscape Condition - The internal hedges within the extension area are in a poor condition, and the field has been intensively managed for arable use. The remainder of the application site has been significantly affected by quarrying operations;

Scenic Quality – The north western extension area is very simple (few detailed contributing landscape elements), with largely a pleasant landform with farmland characteristics, but seen largely in the context of apparent quarrying-related elements (e.g. soil bunds) and a detracting irrigation pond and poor condition elements (e.g. hedgerow). The remainder of the site has been affected by quarrying and would likely be generally considered to be of

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Table 6-1 Landscape Value of the Site Value Value Rarity e-ness Scenic Quality Interests Wildness Condition Protection Landscape ValueLevel Agricultural Tranquillity/ Recreational Associations Conservation Representativ

Very High

High

Medium

Low

Very Low

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Overall, the characteristics and landscape character of the site and north west Tranquillity – This is primarily affected by well-used A-class roads (A5 and extension area have been assessed as having a Medium value, although A51), improving with distance from these elements. there is significant variability between the individual aspects. Associations – Landscape associated, to some, with locally prominent people, 6.7.2 Value of Landscape Character and Characteristics of artists or writers or locally recorded but minor events in history (physician and author Sir John Floyer was born in Hints and the writer Guy Newman Smith local area adjacent to the Site was from Hopwas) (Wikipedia, 2014). The ancient trackway Watling Street passes through the area. The various aspects relating to the Value of Landscape Character and Characteristics of local area adjacent to the site are described below. Recreational Value – European Long Distance footpath ‘E-Route 2’ (along the Landscape Protection - No statutory or non-statutory landscape designations route of the Heart of England Way Long Distance Footpath) passes through apply to the adjacent landscape. the area, along with a number of other Public Rights of Way. Agricultural Value – Natural England’s Strategic maps of agricultural land Landscape Condition – The landscape condition of the immediate area is quality relating to the locality is generally a combination of Grade 2 and 3 variable; there are other quarried areas present without full restoration, a quality (Natural England, 2010). modern dual carriageway (A5 Hints Bypass) to the settlement of Hints has been constructed affecting the natural landform and maturity of associated The factors contributing to the landscape value of he area adjacent to the site landscape elements strongly. Other areas have largely retained the historical are summarised in table 6.2. field pattern, with variable condition of the field boundaries. HS2 would further disrupt the landscape condition. Scenic Quality – The immediate area is of variable scenic quality. Detracting elements are modern road developments, the quarried areas outside of the site and polytunnels associated with market gardening. Areas more remote from the highways infrastructure are more aesthetically pleasing, especially areas to the south of Watling Street. This is likely to be adversely affected by HS2.

Rarity – Variable, but with a number of locally distinctive landscape characteristics contributing to local character.

Representativeness – Fairly frequently found examples of similar landscape characteristics and character.

Conservation Interest - There are no ecological designations in the immediate locality of the site, except for a local wildlife site (Site of Biological Importance, or SBI) at Hopwas Hays Wood to the northeast of the north west extension area. Cultural Heritage features of note relate to dispersed Listed Buildings and the ancient trackway known as Watling Street which passes through the area.

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Table 6-2 Landscape Value of Locality Outside the Site Value Value Rarity e-ness Scenic Quality Interests Wildness Condition Protection Landscape ValueLevel Agricultural Tranquillity/ Recreational Associations Conservation Representativ

Very High

High

Medium

Low

Very Low

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Overall, the characteristics and landscape character of the local area near to • The existing quarry complex; and the site have been assessed as having a Medium-High value. • Oblique views from a very limited section of the A5 bypass.

6.8 Baseline Situation - Visual Aspects Generally, other areas where views are partly masked or at greater distances, with small subtended angles of view, are limited to a small number of specific 6.8.1 Introduction locations to the west, at locations along Flats Lane, Jerry’s Lane and Rock Hill and specific locations on higher ground to the south of Watling Street. This section describes the views available to and from the site, their distribution, character and sensitivity to change. Crestwood has conducted an assessment of the views available to and from the site by the public through a 6.8.3 Viewpoints combination of desk studies and fieldwork. The locations of a representative range of viewpoints where views could be An examination of the ZTV of the proposed development (see Figure 6.2 ) and potentially influenced by the proposed development are illustrated on Figure verification in the field enabled 9 viewpoints to be identified within the study L2 (Figure 6.3 ). ‘Viewpoints’ have been selected to best represent the variety area (see Figure L2, reproduced as Figure 6.3 ). The likely extent of visibility of views available from public vantage points towards the proposals. of the proposed development from the wider landscape can only be The selected views are contained at Viewpoints 1 to 9 produced within determined from the on-site assessment. Appendix 6.2, within ES Volume 2, and described in Table 6.3 below. Predicted visibility of the proposed development is normally greater in winter (when trees and hedgerows have no leaves), and the fieldwork was undertaken when leaves were absent from deciduous vegetation.

6.8.2 Visibility

The ZTV calculation was based on a bare earth model and a zone of ‘primary visibility’ (ZPV), indicating the approximate area from where it is predicted that the proposed development would be most clearly noticeable to the casual observer, taking into account hedgerow and tree cover in winter, is illustrated on Figure L2. It is noted that the ZPV is much smaller than the ZTV (ref Figures 6.2 and 6.3 ).

Generally, the site is not clearly visible from the vast majority of areas to the south, north and east due to a combination of landform and woodland features. Generally, the primary visibility of the proposed development is likely to be restricted to an area within circa 1km from the site:

• Public Rights of Way immediately adjacent to the site;

• A small number of dwellings immediately adjacent to the site;

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Table 6-3 Viewpoints (VPs)

VP Distance / direction Location Reason for selection No. to the site

Immediately north of the site’s boundary on Knox’s Near eastern extent of ZPV (at the site) on PRoW directly north of the 1 Grave Lane (Junction between Hints 2 Bridleway and 5m southwest site. Diverted Hints 18 Bridleway)

Immediately north of the site’s boundary on Knox’s 2 5m south In ‘valley feature’ in ZPV on PRoW directly north of the site. Grave Lane (Hints 2 Bridleway)

Immediately northwest of the site’s boundary on Knox’s Grave Lane (Junction between Hints 2 Near western extent of ZPV (at the site) directly northwest of the site 3 0m southeast Bridleway and Heart of England Way Long Distance (on long distance footpath). Footpath (bridleway))

On western boundary of the site (southwest corner of the north west extension area) on Heart of England Near western extent of ZPV (at the site) directly northwest of the site 4 0m west Way Long Distance Footpath (bridleway) next to (on long distance footpath) and next to Buck’s Head Cottages. Buck’s Head Cottages

On footpath Hints IR/2868 within the site, near the Close range views from within ZPV towards the north west extension 5 0m north southern boundary area from PRoW.

On Jerry’s Lane opposite entrance to Packington Moor Medium-range distance viewpoint on edge of ZPV near wedding 6 c.600m southeast Farm venue and dwelling and road.

Near dwellings and Bridleway Swinfen and Packington Medium-range distance viewpoint on edge of ZPV near dwellings, 7 c. 415m east 7 on Flats Lane road and bridleway.

Caravan Club site just off Heart of England Way Long c.950m south- Medium-range distance viewpoint within ZPV within caravan site and 8 Distance Footpath, near Broadlands property southeast near to Long Distance Footpath.

c. 700m north- Medium-range distance viewpoint (although outside ZPV ) on Long 9 On Heart of England Way Long Distance Footpath northeast Distance Footpath.

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and other functions of the residual landscape. It is also assumed that a The predicted change in views in relation to the existing situation is described detailed restoration plan will be produced for approval (e.g. as a requirement in the assessment section below. by planning condition), based on the Restoration Masterplan proposals provided as part of this application, and implemented in full. 6.9 Landscape and Visual Assessment The fieldwork was undertaken during daylight hours during early spring 2014, providing a good understanding of the worst-case seasonal effects on views. 6.9.1 Assumptions and Limitations No access was available to private locations to ascertain actual views from these locations. It is assumed that should permission not be granted, as the ‘do nothing’ scenario, the existing quarry complex would otherwise continue to be used as The information used for the assessment of cumulative effects was made existing, and be restored as per the consented plans (as clarified below). In using the information available for other developments in the locality at the this situation it is assumed that the fields within the north west extension area time of the assessment. would continue to be farmed as arable land.

The assessment is made against a baseline situation assuming that: 6.9.2 Predicted Potential Impacts

• Without the granting of permission, the mineral extraction operations Taking the assumptions in section 6.9.1 into account, the predicted potential would cease by 30 th April 2016, and the existing quarry complex visual and landscape impacts are expected to primarily relate to the mineral would be restored by 31 st December 2016; extraction operations in the north west extension area, although changes to the restoration proposals and the extended duration of existing quarry • The approved restoration plan for the Existing Quarry Complex is processing equipment etc. would also potentially create visual and landscape Drawing no. H109/07A (Restoration Scheme), dated November 2007; impacts.

• The proposed landscaping works are undertaken in the first The potential sources of impact are identified as outlined in Table 6.4 and, in appropriate period following receipt of planning permission, wherever the absence of mitigation measures, have the potential to adversely affect possible; visual amenity and landscape character both from within and from outside the site. • The proposed development would be implemented in seven main operational phases, taking circa 6.5 years to complete (following on from the Spring of 2016), plus the restoration period for the final areas thereafter (for a period of up to 2 years); and

• HS2 proceeds as is currently anticipated.

It is assumed that the recommended impact avoidance/mitigation measures are able to be implemented through the detailed design process, as there is no reason known at the time of assessment for these not to be able to be incorporated. This includes use of best practice landscaping construction, planting and ongoing management/maintenance techniques to promote rapid establishment, prevent rapid deterioration and increase amenity, biodiversity

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Table 6-4 Predicted Potential Impacts · Screening of the operations and screening mounds;

Source of Potential Impact · Enhanced landscape structure and habitat corridors; and Change of land cover and landscape elements (during operational and · An early contribution to the restoration scheme. restoration period) • Working the north west extension area in 7 phases, working initially Mineral extraction operations and mobile plant towards potentially sensitive receptors to the north and west utilising Temporary landform changes during mineral extraction and from the screening effects of the existing landform to its maximum screening features screening effect. Permanent landform changes upon restoration • Providing temporary and permanent replacement bridleway routes for the route which will be affected by the proposed development Soil handling operations and soil storage mounds (BW18). Lighting in the countryside • Utilising stored soils to provide additional screening from the adjacent Increased duration of retained operational elements (i.e. processing plant) PRoWs and nearby properties - these would have 1 in 3 to 1 in 5 at the existing site gradient (visible) outer slopes, be of 2 to 2.5m height (depending on requirement at each location (3m in the vicinity of Bucks Head 6.9.3 Impact Avoidance and Mitigation Measures Cottages), 2m crest width and a 1 in 2 gradient (hidden) inner slope – all set to grassland. Alternative directions of working, depths of working and restoration scheme configurations were all considered when seeking the most effective scheme • Providing a suitable restoration design and a mosaic of habitats within for the proposed development. Limitations were primarily found to relate to the confines of site-specific constraints (e.g. soil availability) in a visibility of operations, operational and safety considerations, provision of progressive manner to minimise adverse effects and operational restoration material for the north west extension area and the existing quarry ‘land-take’ over the period. complex as a whole (including consideration of providing replacement Best and Most Versatile agricultural land and appropriate slope gradients The potential adverse effects of lighting on views and the landscape have elsewhere), and provision of suitable routes for final reinstatement of PRoWs. been considered as part of the assessment. The plant has been illuminated throughout the night for many years for security purposes and it is not The proposed development has incorporated the following impact avoidance intended to change this practice. Each light is located approximately 15.0 and reduction measures to mitigate adverse landscape and visual effects: metres above ground level and attached to the processing plant. The lights comprise 400 watt halogen lights arced downwards to illuminate the target • Integrating the extension development into the existing site at the area within the plant site. The assessment has therefore been based upon the appropriate phase of the existing operation to avoid future disruption current arrangements with the assumption that these arrangements would not of restored areas through completing the existing operation prior to change. entering the extension. A requirement to submit a scheme of lighting was imposed as condition 37 of • Planting hedgerow and tree vegetation at the earliest stage and permission ref L. 02/09/805-808. Such a scheme, incorporating the above managing thereafter to promote good growth to provide: details was submitted to and approved by SCC in January 2006. The lighting arrangements will remain unchanged as part of the proposed development.

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Given the accepted nature of the existing lighting and the retention of this Table 6-6 Magnitude of Landscape Effects without proposed change as part of this proposed development, no further mitigation has been proposed. Magnitude of Landscape Landscape Criteria Effect 6.9.4 Effects On Landscape Characteristics And Character Typically, large scale changes and/or numerous changes to Very Large Landscape Value is Medium within the site, and Medium-High , near the site important landscape characteristics (see Section 6.7). Based on Table Ap12 (within Appendix 6.1 ), the Landscape Susceptibility to the Proposed Development is considered to be Typically, large scale changes to some landscape characteristics, Low , i.e. the landscape characteristics are considered to be of low Large or a high number of medium scale changes to the landscape susceptibility to change and easily replaced and potentially enhanced. There characteristics is relatively weak landscape structure and is transitional in nature with some evidence of degradation and a number of detracting features. Typically, some medium scale changes to some landscape Medium characteristics The determination of Landscape Sensitivity is guided by Table Ap13 within Appendix 6.1, reproduced below as ES Table 6.5 for ease of reference: Typically, a low number of medium scale changes to landscape Small characteristics, or a number of small scale changes to landscape Table 6-5 Landscape Value and Landscape Susceptibility characteristics

Typically, occasional, small scale changes to unimportant Very Small landscape characteristics

Operational Period

Removal of the existing congruous land cover elements (farmland, existing landform and hedgerows) and incongruous elements (engineered irrigation pond) would take place during the operational period over a number of phases, coupled with progressive restoration to minimise operational ‘land- The Landscape Sensitivity to the Proposed Development is considered to be take’. Low-Medium. The addition of new temporary grassed soil screening mound and bund The determination of magnitude of landscape effect is guided by Table Ap13, elements (incongruous elements) and congruous new hedgerow and within Appendix 6.1, reproduced below for ease of reference. woodland elements would also take place during the operational period.

The level of tranquillity afforded in the north west extension area and immediate areas would reduce marginally during the operational period. The proposed development (operations) would be a characteristic element of the existing landscape but creating an adverse effect for a Medium-term duration. The magnitude of adverse effect on the landscape character is considered to be Medium during the operational period.

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Restoration, Aftercare and Residual Periods Table 6-7 Magnitude & Nature of Impact on Landscape Characteristics & The landform would be permanently altered, creating a new landform in the Character landscape which would be appreciable from close range locations and new PRoW routes only. Aspect Duration Changes Magnitude

The north west extension area lies within an area mainly characterised by The main changes farmland, quarrying, woodland, having a fairly open nature and with the levels (removal of landform of tranquillity afforded being slightly adversely affected by existing quarrying and exposed quarry activity. surface) are Operational unavoidable for this type Medium Medium The landform is the biggest change in the residual situation, without being Period (Phased of development. On Term Adverse readily appreciable from the remainder of the adjacent character areas, Implementation) balance, Medium scale except from within the existing quarry complex. An open aspect would be changes to some retained due to the size of the internal area of the existing quarry complex landscape with a variety of slope gradients (ranging from sheer sandstone outcrops to characteristics would gentle slopes associated with arable and heathland areas). result The remaining residual characteristics upon restoration would contribute a Many of the valued number of desirable elements, retaining and enriching the essential aspects of landscape elements will the landscape character area through inclusion of ‘very high’ priority habitats be permanently restored for the Landscape Character Types directly affected including lowland in similar quantities to heathland, lowland acid grassland, arable field margins and ponds and ‘high’ that currently permitted / priority species-rich hedgerow habitats. Additionally, a similar area of ‘Best present, with changes and Most Versatile’ (BMV) agricultural land to that currently present in the made to reflect the Residual Very Long Medium farmland predominant north west extension area would be re-created within the site; see Table 6.7. Situation Term Beneficial character. The overall The landscape sensitivity of the landscape character to this type of ratio of habitats has development, at the north west extension area and within the landscape been improved to reflect character area is considered to be Low-Medium . The magnitude of effect on the landscape character the landscape character area is considered to be Small for the residual types better whilst period. targeting priority habitats and land-use.

Using the principles set out in Table Ap14 (see Appendix 6.1 ), the adverse effects on landscape characteristics during the operational period are considered to be of Minor-Moderate Significance, having some effect on the landscape characteristics and landscape character without exceeding the landscape capacity threshold. Key characteristics would be retained and not affected to a Significant or notable degree.

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Table 6-8 Habitat and Land-use Comparison

New Baseline Habitat Type Change Comment Quantity Quantity (Red Line Total Area) 94.7 Ha 94.7 Ha - Agriculture: Existing 22.5 Ha Retained BMV 5.7 Ha -0.5 Ha Agriculture: Restored 16.3 Ha - Landscape characterised by farmland – overall increase over baseline. BMV Agriculture: Existing 0.1 Ha 0.1 Ha +6.8 Ha Retained Non-BMV Agriculture: Restored 15.5 Ha Non-BMV 22.3 Ha Broadleaved woodlands of Medium and Lower priority in these LCTs and not a dominant characteristic. Woodland targeted to provide structure and to match steeper slopes, as per Existing Retained 3.8 Ha -6.4 Ha Minerals Plan CoP and still significant amount. 21.6 Ha Woodland New Broadleaved 0 Ha 11.4 Ha Woodland Further variation of habitat and interest, especially south-facing, for invertebrates (esp. Outcrops 0 Ha 0.4 Ha +0.4 Ha aculeate hymenoptera). Acid Grassland/ Heath 32.1 Ha 33.0 Ha +0.9 Ha Very High priority habitat for this LCT. Mosaic Very High Priority Habitat for this LCT. Additional periodic areas of wet heath expected also Ponds 1.4 Ha 0.7 Ha -0.7 Ha in revised scheme. Areas of shingle will increase habitat value also. Peripheral areas, 1.5 Ha 1.0 Ha -0.5 Ha Slight reduction in area. tracks etc. +0.70 New Hedgerows 0.94km 1.64km Increase, with new hedgerows being species-rich. High priority habitat for this LCT. km

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The residual situation, upon completion of restoration would be an increase in Nine viewpoints have been selected to best represent the range of sensitive tranquillity afforded through a lower-lying landform that has more undulation viewpoint locations and main effects within the ZPV, and elsewhere, and are and openness than was possible with the existing permitted extraction. illustrated using photographs in Figures L3 to L11 , produced within Generally, upon establishment of the restoration, there would be an Appendix 6.2. enhancement with regards to the landscape characteristics within the north Close range views are taken to be from viewpoints within 0.5km, Medium- west extension area and within the site overall. Whilst there would be a range views from between 0.5 and 1.5km, and Long-range views from over reduction in the area of farmland and a change to the original landform, the 1.5km from the site. The criteria for Sensitivity of visual receptors is provided replacement habitats are characteristic elements in the natural area and so in Table Ap15 of Appendix 6.1 , reproduced below for ease of reference as would be considered to have a positive effect. The positive effects would Table 6-9. strengthen with time as the landscape elements mature. The (overall) beneficial residual effect on the landscape characteristics at the site is The representative viewpoint locations are shown on Figure L2 and listed in considered to be of Minor-Moderate significance overall. Again, there would Table 6-10, together with an indication of the receptor groups represented, be some effect on the landscape characteristics and landscape character their distance from the site (range), and the visual sensitivity of these without exceeding the landscape capacity threshold. Key characteristics receptors. Note: All distances are from the location of where the photograph would be retained and enhanced but not affected to a Significant or notable was taken to the site, not from the façade of the nearest dwelling house for degree. example. 6.9.5 Effects on Landscape Character The assessment of visual effects uses professional judgement to ascertain levels of Significance through levels of contribution of sensitivity (as described above), magnitude and nature of effect. The Magnitude of effect is provided in Cumulative Landscape Effects Table Ap16, reproduced below as Table 6-11.

The local landscape has historically been quarried for sand and gravel with The derivation of Significance generally follows a pattern by which the some areas still being active and some areas at various stages of restoration, relationship between sensitivity and magnitude contributes to the level of including many areas which have been restored and in alternative uses. significance as shown diagrammatically below: These local quarry sites are worked and restored progressively in phases, as would the proposed development. The proposed extension would delay the restoration of the Hints Plant Site area which would be required for continued working. There would be an extension of these effects for an additional period of some 7 operational years. These are adverse cumulative effects of Small- Medium magnitude (see Table Ap13 within Appendix 6.1 ) creating some small to medium scale and short to medium term duration effects (through delayed progressive restoration) and a cumulative effect of Minor significance in this landscape, by exerting a minimal effect on landscape character.

6.9.6 Effects on Visual Amenity

The presentation of the assessment of visual effects has focused on representative viewpoints which represent a range of sensitive locations with the potential to be affected to a significant level.

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Table 6-9 Sensitivity of Visual Receptors

Visual Value and Susceptibility to Change Criteria Typical Receptor Types/Locations Sensitivity Nationally well recognised and advertised location for high visual amenity value Nationally promoted Long Distance Footpath users. Protected View recognised in planning Prominent location or vista with high visual policy designation. amenity value that is recognised in published Visitors to nationally advertised attractions where visual amenity is very important to their Very High sources. enjoyment. Very high susceptibility to change as a very Private views from primary living space regularly used in daylight hours where the focus is on high level of attention focussed on the landscape a landscape of recognised very high value. and particular views. Well-known area recognised regionally for high landscape value . Users of local advertised circular, recreational or well-used footpath routes and open access Open areas of recognised public access where land where primary enjoyment is from the landscape and visual amenity. primary enjoyment is of the views of the High Road and rail users on routes through landscapes recognised for their high scenic value. landscape. Private views from areas of a property curtilage occasionally used in daylight hours, e.g. High susceptibility to change as a high level of access drives, where the focus is on the landscape beyond private curtilage. attention focused on the landscape and particular views. General recognised public access routes (road and rail routes) with some landscape interest. Locations afford views of some value , but visual Public houses, restaurants etc. where views would include some focus on the wider amenity not well recognised beyond locality. landscape. Medium Moderate susceptibility to change as a Views from recreational sport areas which may involve some incidental appreciation of views moderate level of attention focussed on the of the wider landscape, e.g. golf or fishing. landscape and particular views. Private views from residential properties from rooms not normally occupied in waking or daylight hours, e.g. bedrooms. Viewpoint context and location is of lesser value Views from recreational sport areas which does not involve or depend upon appreciation of than similar views from nearby visual receptors views of the landscape, e.g. football, rugby, speedway. that may be more accessible. Minor road routes where passengers would have limited focus on a landscape of no Low Low susceptibility to change as low level of recognised value. attention focussed on the landscape and People at their places of work where the main focus is not on the surrounding landscape particular views. context. Viewpoint context is such that views have a very low value . People at their place of work where there the type of activity has no relationship to the Very Low Expectations of visual amenity are very low. surrounding landscape context. Activity at viewpoint is incidental to the view.

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Table 6-10 Summary Visual Sensitivity of Receptors at Viewpoints (VPs) Viewpoint Location Description Receptors Represented Range Sensitivity No. Immediately north of the Site’s boundary on Knox’s 1 Grave Lane (Junction between Hints 2 Bridleway Bridleway users Close Medium and Diverted Hints 18 Bridleway) Immediately north of the Site’s boundary on Knox’s 2 Bridleway users Close Medium Grave Lane (Hints 2 Bridleway) Immediately northwest of the Site’s boundary on Bridleway users Medium Knox’s Grave Lane (Junction between Hints 2 3 Long Distance Footpath Close Bridleway and Heart of England Way Long Distance Very High users Footpath (bridleway)) Long Distance Footpath Very High On western boundary of the Site (southwest corner users Close of the Northwestern Extension Area) on Heart of 4 England Way Long Distance Footpath (bridleway) Bridleway users Medium next to Buck’s Head Cottages Residents Close High On footpath Hints IR/2868 within the Site, near the 5 Footpath users Close Medium - Low southern boundary Residents On Jerry’s Lane opposite entrance to Packington Medium 6 Visitors Medium Moor Farm Road users Low Bridleway users (nearby) Close (to boundary), Medium Near dwellings and Bridleway Swinfen and 7 Residents Medium to extraction High Packington 7 on Flats Lane Road users area Low Campsite users Very High Caravan Club site just off Heart of England Way Long Distance Footpath 8 Medium Very High Long Distance Footpath near Broadlands property users (nearby) Residents Medium Long Distance Footpath 9 On Heart of England Way Long Distance Footpath Medium Very High users

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Table 6-11 Magnitude of Visual Effect

Magnitude of Visual Effect Visual Criteria

Where the proposals become the only dominant feature in the view and to which all other elements become Very Large subordinate. Typically involves direct views at close range over a wide horizontal and vertical extent.

Where the proposals would form a significant and immediately apparent element of the scene and would affect the Large overall impression of the view. Typically involves direct or oblique views at close range with notable changes over the horizontal and vertical extent.

Where proposals would form a visible and recognisable new development but where it is not intrusive within the Medium overall view. Typically involves direct or oblique views at medium range with a moderate horizontal and/or vertical extent of the view affected.

Where proposals constitute only a minor component of the wider view, which the casual observer could miss or Small where awareness does not affect the overall quality of the scene. Typically involves an oblique view at medium or long range or a direct view at long range with a small horizontal/vertical extent of the view affected.

Where only a very small part of the development is discernible or that it is at such a distance that the effects are Very Small scarcely appreciated.

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6.9.7 Assessment from Viewpoint 1 visible and recognisable new development without being intrusive within the overall view. The adverse individual visual effect is of Moderate significance for bridleway users through creation of Medium scale Individual Visual Effects on Viewpoint 1 deterioration to Medium sensitivity views with some amenity value. The Very Long term duration change in the view upon restoration will be of a Viewpoint 1 is immediately north of the site’s boundary on Knox’s Grave Large magnitude. The visual effect will be neutral - beneficial and of Lane (junction between bridleway Hints 2 and diverted bridleway Hints 18); Minor-Moderate significance . see Figure L3. The view represents those obtained by bridleway users, i.e. provides transient views. These visual receptors are of Medium sensitivity. Combined Cumulative Visual Effects on Viewpoint 1

The view takes in close range views of the open arable field within the There are no cumulative visual effects on Viewpoint 1. north west extension area, as well as the existing soil storage mound associated with the existing quarry. In the right hand section of the view 6.9.8 Assessment from Viewpoint 2 there are views of more extensive areas of land in the distance, but generally the skyline is created by close-range landform. Buck’s Head Cottages are just visible on the skyline. No area of the existing active Individual Visual Effects on Viewpoint 2 quarry is visible from this location. Viewpoint 2 is immediately north of the site’s boundary on Knox’s Grave Phase 1 would involve removal of the existing soil storage mound and Lane (Hints 2 bridleway); see Figure L4 . The view represents those replacement with a new lower (2m high at this location) soil bund along the obtained by bridleway users, i.e. provides transient views. These visual periphery of the Site, to screen views of the proposed quarrying activity receptors are of Medium sensitivity. beyond. Transport of the soil material and placement, by an excavator, into The viewpoint lies within a small valley feature and again takes in close the bunds would be visible for a Temporary duration, but the works would range views of the open arable field within the north west extension area. It be completed within an 8 week period consistent with temporary timescale illustrates the existing soil storage mound associated with the existing periods set by the noise study (ES Chapter). The bunds would then screen quarry, gappy hedgerows and the landform of the existing irrigation lagoon. views of the operations beyond, without being intrusive into the view and Generally the skyline is created by close-range landform, including existing would be maintained for the duration of operations, until they are soil bunds and occasional trees. The mast associated with Lichfield dismantled to utilise the soils in restoration. Transmitting Station is a prominent landscape feature. Buck’s Head Upon restoration, the area would be set to native broadleaved woodland. Cottages are just visible on the skyline. No area of the existing active Initially views of the restored quarry areas and the landscape beyond quarry is visible from this location. would be possible, taking in a combination of areas of new woodland and Phase 1 would involve removal of the existing soil storage mound in the acid grassland-heathland mosaic before the new woodland in the left hand side of the view and replacement with a new lower (2-2.5m high foreground part of the view becomes sufficiently established to screen at this location) soil bund along the periphery of the site, to screen views of views (after a Medium term duration). the proposed quarrying activity beyond. Transport of the soil material and The adverse visual effects would be of Medium magnitude, forming a placement, by an excavator, into the bunds would be visible for a Temporary duration (again a maximum 8 week period). The bunds would

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then screen views of the operations beyond, without being intrusive into the top of the view). To the right is the field boundary hedgerow alongside the view and would be maintained for the duration of operations, until they which the long distance footpath (and bridleway) runs. The tree vegetation are dismantled to utilise the soils in restoration. The mast would remain at on the skyline in the right hand portion of the view is that associated with least partially visible throughout. the property at Buck’s Head Cottages. The skyline comprises of background soil bund and woodland elements. The mast associated with Upon restoration, the topsoil under the footprint of the bund would be Lichfield Transmitting Station is a prominent landscape element. stripped and the area will be set to acid grassland-heathland mosaic. Open views of the restored quarry areas and the landscape beyond would be Phase 1 would involve removal of the existing soil storage mound in the possible, taking in a combination of areas of new native broadleaved left hand side of the view and replacement with a new lower (2-2.5m high woodland and acid grassland-heathland mosaice (for a Very Long Term at this location) soil bund along the periphery of the site in the foreground duration). The mast would remain visible. of the view, following the PRoW, to screen views of the proposed quarrying activity beyond. Transport of the soil material and placement, by an The adverse visual effects would be of Medium magnitude, forming a excavator, into the bunds would be visible for a Temporary duration. Given visible and recognisable new development without being intrusive within the sensitivity of users of the Long Distance Footpath it is proposed that a the overall view. The adverse individual visual effect is of Moderate species-rich hedgerow also be planted during Phase 1 to separate the significance for bridleway users through creation of Medium scale route from the bund. The combination of the bund (and the hedgerow once deterioration to Medium sensitivity views with some amenity value. The established) would then screen views of the operations beyond, without Very Long term duration change in the view upon restoration would be of a being intrusive into the view and would be maintained for the duration of Large magnitude. The visual effect would be neutral - beneficial and of operations, until the bunds are dismantled to utilise the soils in restoration. Minor-Moderate significance. The mast would remain partially visible.

Upon restoration, the hedgerow would remain with a combination of Combined Cumulative Visual Effects on Viewpoint 2 woodland copses and heathland-acid grassland mosaic beyond. The new hedgerow would (as it will now fully established at this time) screen views There are no cumulative visual effects on Viewpoint 2. of the restored quarry areas. The mast would remain partially visible.

6.9.9 Assessment from Viewpoint 3 The adverse visual effects would be of Medium magnitude initially, reducing to Small as the hedgerow becomes established. The adverse individual visual effect on views of average amenity value and Very High Individual Visual Effects on Viewpoint 3 sensitivity visual receptors is of Moderate-Major significance for Long Viewpoint 3 is immediately northwest of the site’s boundary on Knox’s Distance Footpath walkers and Minor-Moderate for bridleway users Grave Lane (junction between Hints 2 Bridleway and Heart of England Medium sensitivity. The Very Long term duration change in the view upon Way Long Distance Footpath (bridleway)); see Figure L5 . The view restoration would be of a Small magnitude. The visual effect overall would represents those obtained by Long Distance Footpath walkers (Very High be neutral and of Minor significance . sensitivity) and bridleway users (Medium sensitivity), i.e. provides transient views.

The view is open into the existing north west extension area and takes in the existing arable field, bounded to the south by an existing hedgerow (at

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6.9.10 Combined Cumulative Visual Effects on Viewpoint view and would be maintained for the duration of operations, until the 3 bunds are dismantled to utilise the soils in restoration.

There are no cumulative visual effects on Viewpoint 3. Construction of the 3m high noise bund (also subsoil storage) around Buck’s Head Cottages may be partially visible, during Phase 4, between the gap in the topsoil mound and the boundary with Buck’s Head Cottages, 6.9.11 Assessment from Viewpoint 4 for a Temporary duration from the bridleway and partially through the dense boundary vegetation from the property itself. These works would Individual Visual Effects on Viewpoint 4 take place during the growing season, such that deciduous vegetation would be full leaf. Prior to that point, any potentially visible operations Viewpoint 4 is within the site, on its western boundary (southwest corner of would be limited to surface working for a Temporary duration at a medium- the north west extension area) on the Heart of England Way Long range distance. The combination of boundary vegetation and bunds would Distance Footpath (bridleway) next to Buck’s Head Cottages; see Figure screen views of latter phases from the bridleway and Buck’s Head L6 . The view represents those obtained by Long Distance Footpath Cottages until final removal of the bunds and restoration takes place. walkers (Very High sensitivity), bridleway users (Medium sensitivity) and residents at Buck’s Head Cottages (High sensitivity). Upon restoration, the hedgerow would remain with a combination of woodland copses and heathland-acid grassland mosaic beyond. The new The existing view is open into the north west extension area and takes in hedgerow would (as it will now fully established at this time) screen views the existing arable field in the fore and mid ground. Existing soil mounds of the restored quarry areas. are visible in the background, partially against the skyline, but otherwise the skyline is composed largely of tree and hedgerow vegetation. A small The adverse visual effects would be of Medium magnitude initially, part of the existing quarry face (exposed sand) is visible in the right hand reducing to Small as the hedgerow becomes established. on lower amenity portion of the view. The northern part of the site’s boundary is visually views The adverse individual visual effect on Very High sensitivity visual marked by gappy shrub and tree lines, in the mid ground, with some receptors is of Moderate-Major significance for Long Distance Footpath agricultural land visible beyond. walkers, of Minor-Moderate significance for bridleway users (Medium sensitivity) and of Moderate significance for residents at Buck’s Head Phase 1 would involve removal of the existing large soil storage mound in Cottages (high sensitivity). The Very Long term duration change in the the background of the view and replacement with a new lower (2m high at view upon restoration would be of a Small magnitude. The visual effect this location) soil bund along the periphery of the site in the foreground of overall would be neutral and of Minor significance . the view, following the PRoW, to screen views of the proposed quarrying activity beyond. Transport of the soil material and placement, by an excavator, into the bunds would be visible for a Temporary duration. Combined Cumulative Visual Effects on Viewpoint 4

Again, given the sensitivity of users of the Long Distance Footpath it is There are no cumulative visual effects on Viewpoint 4. proposed that a species-rich hedgerow also be planted during Phase 1 to separate the PRoW from the bund. The combination of the bund (and the hedgerow once established) would then largely screen views of the operations beyond, from the bridleway, without being intrusive into the

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6.9.12 Assessment from Viewpoint 5 Cottages would be extracted with upper levels being visible and lower levels being screened by restored silt lagoons (foreground). Progressive restoration would also have occurred further westwards in the background. Individual Visual Effects on Viewpoint 5 Trees in the foreground would be expected to be providing significant screening by this stage. Viewpoint 5 is within the Site, on footpath Hints IR/2868, near the southern boundary; see Figure L7 . The view represents those obtained by footpath Upon restoration, the foreground trees would be providing significant users with views dominated by the existing quarry complex and for users screening and other foreground restoration elements would be well- of the temporary bridleway diversion (Low-Medium sensitivity). established, with a combination of agricultural grassland, woodland and hedgerows predominating in the view, where possible through the The existing view takes in a partially filled silt settlement lagoon, exposed foreground trees. quarry faces, and areas of self-set woodland and scrub. Existing soil storage bunds are also visible as is the mast at Lichfield Transmitter The adverse visual effects would be of Small magnitude initially, reducing Station. The skyline is dominated by the quarry landform and occasional to Very Small as the foreground woodland develops. The adverse existing trees beyond. individual visual effect on Low-Medium sensitivity visual receptors (and a low existing amenity view) is of Minor significance for footpath users Phase 1 and 2 would involve removal of the existing large soil storage (Medium-Low sensitivity). The Very Long term duration change in the view mound in the background of the view and would otherwise appear to be over the existing approved restoration scheme, upon restoration, would be continuous working of the existing quarry, working right to left in the view. of Small magnitude. The visual effect overall would be neutral and of The apparent height of the landform in this area will reduce slightly. The silt Minor significance . lagoon in the foreground would be restored during these phases (soil placement works being visible for a Temporary duration), and foreground trees supplemented with additional planting to form a new woodland belt. Combined Cumulative Visual Effects on Viewpoint 5

Progressive working right to left would take place in the background with Cumulative visual effects on Viewpoint 5 relate to the extended (Medium progressive restoration following behind (largely out of view in these parts term) duration of quarrying activity in the view only. This would be of the site between Phases 3 and 4). Soil and overburden storage mounds considered to be Minor Significance. would be stored within the low, quarried areas of the site without breaking the skyline. Trees in the foreground would continue to establish in this 6.9.13 Assessment from Viewpoint 6 period, gradually screening more of the view over time, more so in the growing seasons. Individual Visual Effects on Viewpoint 6 During Phases 5 and 6, the combination of a centrally located overburden storage mound, within the quarry void, and the retained section of non- Viewpoint 6 is on Jerry’s Lane opposite entrance to Packington Moor Farm worked land next to Buck’s Head Cottages would screen the majority of (wedding venue); see Figure L8 . The view represents those obtained by mineral extraction works beyond. Progressive restoration of earlier phases residents and visitors accessing Packington Moor Farm (Medium would continue. Trees in the foreground would continue to establish in this sensitivity), and by road users (Low sensitivity). Views from within the main period. grounds are not expected. The viewpoint itself is from a location directly opposite the entrance to the property. HS2 is anticipated to run directly During Phase 7, the remaining mineral in the area near Buck’s Head through the land that Packington Moor Farm lies on, but it is assumed that

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this does not happen during the life of the proposed development. 6.9.14 Assessment from Viewpoint 7 The existing view is dominated by a large arable field in the foreground with various lines and individual specimens of trees in the mid-ground and Individual Visual Effects on Viewpoint 7 background. The site is largely screened from view, even in winter months, although the large soil storage mound on the eastern boundary is clearly Viewpoint 7 is from Flats Lane, near dwellings (property no’s 12, 13, 16 visible in the view at a Medium-range distance, forming a small proportion and 17) and is representative of views from nearby properties and of the view. The mast at Lichfield Transmitter Station is a prominent Bridleway Swinfen and Packington 7; see Figure L9 . Residents would be element in the view. of High visual sensitivity, bridleway users of Medium sensitivity and road users of Low sensitivity. The removal of the soil storage mound would be a visible change during Phase 1, exposing more apparent woodland beyond. Thereafter surface The existing view is composed of a number of elements including large working (soil stripping operations) and uppermost mineral extraction arable fields in the fore and mid-ground with various lines and individual operations would be visible until the working was hidden by the landform. specimens of trees and sparse hedgerows in the mid-ground and The vast majority of working and operations would be out of view. Faces background. Buck’s Head Cottage is visible, along with the mast at that would be visible following extraction in Phases 1 and 2 would be the Lichfield Transmitter Station. Trees and woodland form the majority of the first to be restored with the majority of potentially visible land restored by skyline. the end of Phase 3. Surface working of the remaining phases would be partially visible through trees, but with the remainder of the working hidden The site is partially screened from view; visible aspects include the large from view. soil storage mound on the eastern boundary, at a Medium-range distance, forming a fairly prominent feature in the landscape. Other parts of the site, Upon restoration, there would be little visible change until trees are fully including small non-restored areas on the eastern and southern side of the established, at which point there would be an apparent increase in site, are just visible in places. woodland present in the view. The removal of the soil storage mound would be a visible change during The adverse visual effects would be of Small magnitude. The adverse Phase 1, exposing more apparent woodland beyond and reducing the individual visual effect on Medium sensitivity visual receptors (visitors and prominence of this element in the view. Thereafter, surface working (soil residents accessing Packington Hall Farm) is of Minor-Moderate stripping operations) and uppermost mineral extraction operations would significance detracting from glimpse views of average visual amenity and, be visible until the working was hidden by the intervening landform. The for Low sensitivity visual receptors (road users), of Minor significance . vast majority of working and operations would be out of view. Faces that The Very Long term duration change in the view upon restoration would be would be visible following extraction in Phases 1 and 2 would be the first to of a Very Small magnitude and beneficial ( Minor significance for visitors be restored with the majority of potentially visible land restored by the end and residents, and Negligible significance for road users). of Phase 3. Surface working of the remaining phases would be partly visible for Temporary duration periods.

Combined Cumulative Visual Effects on Viewpoint 6 Upon restoration, there would be little visible change until trees are fully established, at which point there would be an apparent increase in There are no cumulative visual effects on Viewpoint 6. woodland present in the view.

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The adverse visual effects would be of Small-Medium magnitude. The the eastern edge of the north west extension area is visible, as are some adverse individual visual effect on High sensitivity visual receptors of the more elevated areas of the existing site at a Medium-range distance (residents) is of Moderate significance , causing some deterioration to a and beyond. view of average amenity, for bridleway users (of Medium sensitivity) the effect is of Minor-Moderate significance and, for Low sensitivity visual The removal of the soil storage mound would be a visible change during receptors (road users) the effect is of Minor significance . The Very Long Phase 1. Thereafter, surface working (soil stripping operations) and term duration change in the view upon restoration would be of a Very uppermost mineral extraction operations would be visible, to varying Small magnitude and beneficial (of Minor-Moderate significance for degrees through the boundary vegetation, until the working is hidden by residents, Minor significance for bridleway users and of Negligible inter-lying landform as the extraction levels fall in each phase. The vast significance for road users). majority of working and operations would be out of view. Faces that would be visible following extraction in Phases 1 and 2 would be the first to be restored with the majority of potentially visible land restored by the end of Combined Cumulative Visual Effects on Viewpoint 7 Phase 3. Surface working of the remaining phases would be partly visible for Temporary duration periods. Cumulative visual effects would relate to a slight extension in time of the presence of existing elements of the quarry; these form very small Upon restoration, the apparent changes would largely relate to the elements in the view that would be scarcely noticeable. The Cumulative landform changes (due to the low discernible detail afforded at this visual effects are of Negligible significance . distance) and otherwise there would be little visible change until trees are fully established, at which point there would be an apparent increase in 6.9.15 Assessment from Viewpoint 8 woodland present in the view, in a more cohesive arrangement. The adverse visual effects would be of Small magnitude. The adverse Individual Visual Effects on Viewpoint 8 individual visual effect on Very High sensitivity visual receptors (campsite users) is of Moderate-Major significance (Not Significant for this view of Viewpoint 8 is from the Caravan Club site just off the Heart of England average visual amenity) and Minor-Moderate significance for residents Way Long Distance Footpath, near the dwelling called Broadlands; see at Broadlands (Medium sensitivity). The Very Long term duration change in Figure L10 . Campsite and walkers would be of Very High visual sensitivity the view upon restoration would be of a Very Small magnitude and and residents of Medium sensitivity, although walkers on the path itself beneficial (of Minor-Moderate significance for Very High sensitivity would not gain views from there without entering the campsite. receptors and Minor significance for Medium sensitivity receptors). The existing view is framed by foreground woodland tree elements and otherwise composed of a number of elements which provide a variety of Combined Cumulative Visual Effects on Viewpoint 8 interest in the view. Grazing land forms the foreground area with arable land forming the majority of the mid-ground with a patchwork of undulating Cumulative visual effects would relate to a slight extension in time of the fields, areas of woodland, parts of the existing quarry complex and various presence of existing elements of the quarry; these form very small buildings visible, along with the mast at Lichfield Transmitter Station. The elements in the view that would be scarcely noticeable. The Cumulative skyline comprises a mixture of landform and woodland. visual effects are of Negligible significance.

The north west extension area is partially visible through inter-lying boundary vegetation of varying degrees. The large soil storage bund on

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6.9.16 Assessment from Viewpoint 9 6.10 Effects on other Visual Receptors

Views gained by travellers using the A5 Hints Bypass (Low sensitivity) Individual Visual Effects on Viewpoint 9 would receive glimpsed partial views of the proposed development. The only visual effects would be those of an extended duration of visible Viewpoint 9 is from the Heart of England Way Long Distance Footpath to mineral extraction operations, with no further magnitude of effect from the the south-southwest of the Site; see Figure L11 . Walkers would be of Very proposed additional working area. No significant effects are anticipated High visual sensitivity. from this location. The existing view takes in a variety of elements including farmland with Potential views from the road and properties on Rock Hill and near the hedgerows, woodland, the elevated A5 Hints bypass road, areas of market junction with Flats Lane, westwards from the site’s entrance, are extremely gardening and small parts of the existing quarry. The mast at Lichfield limited. Medium-range to Long-range views from specific locations (e.g. Transmitter Station is also clearly visible. first floor locations from occasional properties) of the existing quarry The north west extension area is virtually completely screened from view complex are already available. Medium-range to Long-range views of by inter-lying landform and vegetation. The existing quarry faces, surface working in the north west extension area would also be possible immediately to the southeast of the north west extension area, are visible, from these specific locations. These locations are expected to be directly the majority of which would be restored progressively by Phase 3. Any affected by the route of HS2. No significant effects are anticipated from temporary storage of materials within the quarry is unlikely to be these locations. discernible. Views from the Heart of England Way, where it crosses the A5 Hints Upon restoration, the apparent changes would largely relate to an increase Bypass, just northeast of Buck’s Head Farm (on Rock Hill), are limited to in woodland cover, which would be similar to the approved situation. the parts of the existing quarry complex only. There would be no views of the north west extension area. No significant effects are anticipated from The adverse visual effects would be of Very Small magnitude. The adverse this location. individual visual effect on Very High sensitivity visual receptors (walkers) is of Minor-Moderate significance, for a view of low existing visual amenity. Tamworth Lane (bridleway ref. Swinfen and Packington 5) is flanked along The Very Long term duration change in the view upon restoration would be its length by thick hedgerows which severely limit views towards the site. A of a Very Small magnitude and beneficial (of Minor-Moderate single potential viewpoint was found close to the bridleway, and this would significance ). need to be sought by users of the bridleway to gain a (long-range) view towards the site. Long-range views of surface working only in the north west extension area would be possible from this specific location. No Combined Cumulative Visual Effects on Viewpoint 9 significant effects are anticipated from this location. Cumulative visual effects would relate to a slight extension in time of the presence of existing elements of the quarry; these form very small 6.11 Sequential Cumulative Impacts elements in the view that would be scarcely noticeable. The Cumulative No significant sequential cumulative visual impacts are anticipated for the visual effects are of Negligible significance. main route through the area (the Heart of England Way).

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6.12 Summary and Conclusions characteristics within the north west extension area and within the site overall. Whilst there would be a reduction in the area of farmland and a change to the original landform, the replacement habitats are characteristic 6.12.1 Design and Assessment elements in the natural area and are considered to have a positive effect. The design of the proposed development has undergone a series of The residual restoration provides beneficial landscape effects of a Minor- changes to refine the proposals, with the aim of avoiding and minimising Moderate level. potentially significant landscape and visual effects, and has been informed by local character assessments, biodiversity targets and Staffordshire 6.12.3 Compliance With Policy County Council’s Code of Practice for Mineral Development SPG. The proposed development (the operational period and the residual This has resulted in an iterative design and assessment process, using restoration) has been designed to meet the requirements of the specific Chartered Landscape Architects following the latest best practice policies relating to effects on the landscape and visual amenity in Section guidance, which looked at a variety of aspects, including extent of mineral 6.4.1 and the assessment indicates compliance with these policies. extraction (lateral and vertical), phased working and restoration (considering the existing quarry complex also), use of visual screening and Compliance with Staffordshire County Council’s (SCC) appendix document restoration and after-use design. to the Minerals Local Plan, ‘Code of Practice (‘CoP’) for Mineral Development - Supplementary Planning Guidance to the Minerals Local The assessment aspect took into consideration the sensitivities of the Plan’(Staffordshire County Council and Stoke-on-Trent City Council, landscape characteristics (within the site and out-with the site), of the Adopted 1999) has been sought when designing the proposed landscape character and of visual receptors, and their likely response to development. The proposed development generally complies with this any changes in visual amenity. document, with some minor departures associated with restoration gradients, which were discussed with SCC prior to finalisation. The 6.12.2 Landscape and Visual Effects discussions found favour in a more varied landform across the site, rather than a consistent gradient to comply with the desired maximum gradient in Adverse effects on landscape and visual receptors have been the CoP, with the scheme designed to make best use of the restoration acknowledged during the assessment process. material resource overall, to provide variation of interest and variety of habitat, and to best incorporate the restored site into the landscape The adverse effects on visual amenity are limited to a maximum level of character area. Moderate-Major with many others of a much lower level. None of these effects is considered to be Significant. The remaining residual characteristics upon restoration would contribute a number of desirable elements, retaining and enriching the essential The adverse effects on the landscape resource are limited to a Minor- aspects of the landscape character area through inclusion of ‘very high’ Moderate level. None of these effects is considered to be Significant. priority habitats for the Landscape Character Types directly affected including lowland heathland, lowland acid grassland, arable field margins The residual situation, upon completion of restoration would be an and ponds and ‘high’ priority species-rich hedgerow habitats. Additionally, increase in tranquillity afforded through a lower-lying landform that has a similar area of ‘Best and Most Versatile’ (BMV) agricultural land to that more undulation and openness than was possible with the existing currently present in the north west extension area would be re-created permitted extraction. Generally, upon establishment of the restoration, within the site. These aspects are described in more detail in the submitted there would be an enhancement with regards to the landscape restoration plans.

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