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CONTEMPORARY MATHEMATICS 560 Topology and Geometry in Dimension Three Triangulations, Invariants, and Geometric Structures Conference in Honor of William Jaco's 70th Birthday June 4–6, 2010 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Weiping Li, Loretta Bartolini, Jesse Johnson, Feng Luo, Robert Myers, J. Hyam Rubinstein Editors American Mathematical Society http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/conm/560 Topology and Geometry in Dimension Three Triangulations, Invariants, and Geometric Structures CONTEMPORARY MATHEMATICS 560 Topology and Geometry in Dimension Three Triangulations, Invariants, and Geometric Structures Conference in Honor of William Jaco's 70th Birthday June 4–6, 2010 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Weiping Li Loretta Bartolini Jesse Johnson Feng Luo Robert Myers J. Hyam Rubinstein Editors American Mathematical Society Providence, Rhode Island Editorial Board Dennis DeTurck, managing editor George Andrews Abel Klein Martin J. Strauss 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 57Mxx, 57N10, 46E25, 20C20, 20F65, 20J99, 14E20. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Topology and geometry in dimension three : triangulations, invariants, and geometric structures : conference in honor of William Jaco’s 70th birthday, June 4–6, 2010, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK / Weiping Li ...[et al.], editors. p. cm. — (Contemporary mathematics ; v. 560) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8218-5295-8 (alk. paper) 1. Three-manifolds (Topology)—Congresses. 2. Topological manifolds—Congresses. I. Jaco, William H., 1940– II. Li, Weiping, 1963– QA613.2.T67 2011 514.34—dc23 2011033120 Copying and reprinting. Material in this book may be reproduced by any means for edu- cational and scientific purposes without fee or permission with the exception of reproduction by services that collect fees for delivery of documents and provided that the customary acknowledg- ment of the source is given. 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Visit the AMS home page at http://www.ams.org/ 10987654321 161514131211 Contents Preface vii Jacofest Talks ix Ideal triangulations on pseudo-Anosov mapping tori Ian Agol 1 A note on complete hyperbolic structures on ideal triangulated 3-manifolds Feng Luo 19 A linear bound on the tetrahedral number of manifolds of bounded volume (after Jørgensen and Thurston) Tsuyoshi Kobayashi and Yo’av Rieck 27 Layered models for closed 3-manifolds Jesse Johnson 43 Triangulations and nonorientable incompressible surfaces Zhenyi Liu 55 Introduction to the theory of Haken n-manifolds Bell Foozwell and Hyam Rubinstein 71 Pseudo-developing maps for ideal triangulations I: Essential edges and generalised hyperbolic gluing equations Henry Segerman and Stephan Tillmann 85 A generic Margulis number for hyperbolic 3-manifolds Peter B. Shalen 103 On gradings in Khovanov homology and sutured Floer homology J. Elisenda Grigsby and Stephan M. Wehrli 111 Hyperbolic knots in irreducible Heegaard surfaces Robert Myers 129 Stable W-length Danny Calegari and Dongping Zhuang 145 Turn graphs and extremal surfaces in free groups Noel Brady, Matt Clay and Max Forester 171 Kauffman brackets, character varieties and triangulations of surfaces Francis Bonahon and Helen Wong 179 v vi CONTENTS Problems at the Jacofest Hyam Rubinstein 195 Preface For many young topologists, their introduction to three-manifolds is marked by the blue volume Lectures on Three-Manifold Topology. This CBMS publication, which captures a series of lectures by William ‘Bus’ Jaco in the Fall of 1977, has become a classic reference for students and researchers. Progressing into the field of three-manifolds, one discovers the JSJ-decomposition; this result of Bus Jaco and Peter Shalen (discovered independently by Klaus Johannson) on the theory of characteristic varieties underlies the geometrization conjecture of Thurston. Bus’ many research achievements also include crucial contributions to the development of normal surface theory, triangulations and algorithms in 3-dimensional geometry and topology. Bus grew up in Grafton, West Virginia, planning at Fairmont College to be- come a school teacher. However, his outstanding talents in mathematics and drive for learning led to graduate school. A student of R H Bing and D. R. McMillan, Bus received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin in 1968. Graduation was followed by a postdoctoral position at the University of Michigan, before taking a permanent position at Rice University, where he achieved rapid promotion to Full Professor. A highly active scholar, Bus held a variety of visiting positions thereafter, including terms at the Institute for Advanced Study, Columbia Univer- sity, University of Melbourne, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, American Institute of Mathematics and University of Michigan. Moving to Oklahoma State University in 1982, as Head of the Department of Mathematics, marked the start of a highly influential term. Bus’ far-sighted lead- ership and tireless work ethic saw a boom in research and scholarly activities in the Department, accompanied by his own ongoing research achievements. His strong leadership and commitment to the profession were to rise to national prominence, with a term as Executive Director of the American Mathematical Society from 1988 to 1995. This outstanding contribution was followed with honors both scientific and professional: elected as Fellow of the American Association for Advancement of Sci- ence, Regents Professor at Oklahoma State University and Trustee of the American Mathematical Society. Along with his accomplishments in mathematics, Bus’ con- tributions to the Department, University, Profession and American Sciences are both remarkable and continuing. The Jacofest conference, held in Stillwater, Oklahoma, June 4-6 2010, brought together over 80 topologists and geometers from around the globe. There were 15 plenary talks attended by a wide range of participants: from long-standing collaborators to the latest generation of graduate students. This group produced an atmosphere rich in ideas and energy, most fitting to celebrate a career with such vii viii PREFACE qualities in abundance. We hope this volume captures the mathematical endeavours and warm recognition of Bus at the Conference. We would like to acknowledge the support received from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0900229 and Grant No. 1005383, the American Institute of Mathematics, the College of Arts and Sciences at Oklahoma State University and the Department of Mathematics at Oklahoma State University. We thank them for their generous financial and administrative support. We also thank D. Alspach, B. Conrey, M. Denzler, S. Downing, M. Gordon and A. M. McFarlin for their help at various stages of the Conference, and C. M. Thivierge for her assistance in preparing this volume. The Editors July 2011 Jacofest Talks Ian Agol University of California at Joseph Maher CUNY – College of Berkeley Staten Island “Ideal triangulations of bundles” “Random Heegaard splittings” Francis Bonahon University of Jessica Purcell Brigham Young Southern California University “Kauffman brackets, character varieties, “State surfaces, polyhedra, and guts of and triangulations of surfaces” knots” Danny Calegari California Institute of J. Hyam Rubinstein University of Technology Melbourne “Faces of the scl norm ball” “Normal 3-manifolds in triangulated 4-manifolds” Nathan Dunfield University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Saul Schleimer University of Warwick “Twisted Alexander polynomials, “On train track splitting sequences” hyperbolic geometry, and knot genus” Peter Shalen University of Illinois at Chicago David Futer Temple University “Angled triangulations and Dehn “Generic Margulis numbers” surgery” Stephan Tillmann University of Queensland Stavros Garoufalidis Georgia Institute “Straightening, spinning and the of Technology recognition of closed hyperbolic “The Slope Conjecture” 3-manifolds” Cameron Gordon University of Texas at Austin “Seifert fibered Dehn filling” Elisenda Grigsby Boston College “On sutured Khovanov homology and sutured Floer homology” Feng Luo Rutgers University “Minimally triangulated 3-manifolds with special normal surfaces” ix Titles in This Series 560 Weiping Li, Loretta Bartolini, Jesse Johnson, Feng Luo, Robert Myers, and J. Hyam Rubinstein, Editors, Topology and geometry in dimension three, 2011 559