Zoom in on America Meet the Ivies Harvard Penn - University of Pennsylvania
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Twined by Ivy Crimson, Big Red, Big Green, Bears, Lions, Bulldogs, leges dates back to the 1870s. The Ivy League was Tigers, and Quakers all sound like sports teams’ nick- dominant in the early years of football in the United names. And so they are. What makes them special is States, but in the 1920s it declined. The idea behind the fact that they all belong to well-known American establishing the Ivy League was to “maintain the val- universities: Harvard, Cornell, Dartmouth, Brown, ues of the game [football], while keeping it in fitting Columbia, Yale, Princeton, and Penn (University of proportion to the main purposes of academic life.” Pennsylvania.) These universities have a lot in com- mon. They are all in the Northeast of the United States In practice it meant that the colleges would keep rig- (in the states of Massachusetts, New York, New orous academic standards and not grant athletics Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, scholarships. Nevertheless, the conference spon- and Pennsylvania.) They are among the oldest insti- sors over 35 varsity teams at each college that give tutions of higher education in America, from Harvard excellent opportunities to athletes in 33 men’s and which was founded in 1636, six others founded in women’s sports. All eight Ivy universities are among the 18th century, before the Declaration of Indepen- the top 20 National Collegiate Athletic Association dence, to Cornell, the “youngest” of them, in 1865. (NCAA) Division I in number of men’s and women’s sports. The Ivy League students excel in such events Last but not least, a common décor of their old walls is as soccer, lacrosse, rowing, fencing, squash, foot- … ivy. This evergreen woody vine that grows on their ball, track, field, wrestling, swimming, and basketball. facades is so characteristic that it coined for them a name by which they started to be called in the early With time what once referred only to competition in 1930s: “Ivy Colleges,” “The Ivy League,” or simply sports came to denote academic affiliation. Now, the “The Ivies.” The Ivy League was formally established name “Ivy League” means a group of eight private in 1956 as an athletic conference of the eight univer- universities that have a reputation for providing ex- sities for intercollegiate American football and other cellent education, and attracting the best students. sports. However, sports competition between the col- NCAA college football practice in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Photo © AP Images In this issue: The Ivy League Zoom in on America Meet the Ivies Harvard Penn - University of Pennsylvania Harvard College, as the University was first called, was It was Benjamin Franklin, one of the most versatile “Re- founded in 1636 by a Pu- naissance” personages ritan clergyman John Har- (a statesman, economist, vard. Located in Newton, writer, inventor, educa- today’s Cambridge, it was tor, activist, etc.) that the first such school in the America has ever had, then British colony in North who purchased Penn’s America. In the 19th century first campus in Philadel- the school was reformed by phia in 1750. However, Charles William Eliot, grand- the school traces its ori- father of poet T.S. Eliot, who gins to 1740, when trust added research to teaching to establish the Charity and practical knowledge to School of Pennsylvania theoretical instruction. was formed. Franklin’s educational program fo- Among famous Harvard cused on practical edu- graduates and affiliates are cation for commerce and writer Henry James, po- public service as much as ets: John Ashbery, the al- University of Pennsylvania, the Castle, Source: Wikipedia, photo on the classics and theol- ready mentioned T.S. Eliot, by Pennalumni ogy was a breakthrough E.E. Cummings, Polish poet for the times. Today, Penn Czesław Miłosz, presidents: John Adams, John Quincy is particularly well-known for its medical school, dental Adams, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, John school, business school, law school, social sciences and F. Kennedy, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. Forty- humanities programs and its biomedical teaching and re- three current and former faculty members received the search capabilities. Nobel Prize. Nine signers of the Declaration of Independence and Harvard adopted Veritas (Truth) as its motto and crimson eleven signers of the Constitution are associated with the as its color. Today, the University educates about 20,000 University. Poets Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams, students, and has about 2,100 faculty members and more linguist and political theorist Noam Chomsky, and various than 10,000 academic appointments in affiliated teaching Nobel laureates graduated from this school. hospitals. An imposing number of living alumni exceeds 320,000 in the U.S and some 191 other countries. The Penn has over 24,000 students and 4,127 faculty staff and endowment is higher than for any other such institution. a $5.17 billion endowment. There are over 268,700 living For fiscal year 2008 it amounted to $36.9 billion. Harvard alumni. The school’s motto is “Laws without morals are in boasts the largest university library in the world with about vain,” and the chosen colors are red and blue. 16.2 million volumes. Its facilities include museums, labs, computer resources, performance spaces, 41 varsity Princeton teams, and recreational athletic facilities. Harvard Univer- sity is made up of 11 principal academic units — ten facul- Founded in 1746 as the College of New Jersey in Eliza- ties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. beth, the institution was moved to Princeton in 1756. At first it was a seminary for Presbyterians. Since 1812 a Yale separate Princeton Theological Seminary has been in op- eration. A great reformer of the school was James McCosh Founded in 1701 as a Collegiate School in New Haven, in the 19th century. The school obtained university status Connecticut, the school was renamed Yale College in then and was renamed Princeton University. 1718. Now, the total number of undergraduate and gradu- ate students nears 11,500. The University is housed in 439 Princeton’s motto says: “Under God’s power she flourish- buildings. Yale’s endowment is $22.6 billion. There are 35 es.” Its colors are orange and black. varsity athletic teams at Yale. The number of living gradu- ates approximates 164,000. Three thousand and two hun- Today, more than 1,100 faculty members instruct approxi- dred faculty members implement the school’s motto “Light mately 5,000 undergraduate and 2,500 graduate students and Truth.” Yale’s color is Yale blue. in 180 buildings. Among famous alumni we find presidents: James Madison, Woodrow Wilson. First Lady, Michelle Notable alumni include presidents William Howard Taft, Obama, graduated from this college. Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, present Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, authors: Within the University there are: School of Architecture, Sinclair Lewis and Tom Wolfe, Academy Award winners: School of Engineering and Applied Science, Woodrow Wil- Paul Newman, Meryl Streep, Douglas Wick (producer of son School of Public and International Affairs. Gladiator), and Jodie Foster. Zoom page 2 Columbia Dartmouth The school was estab- Dartmouth College in Hanover, lished in 1754 in New New Hampshire chose a motto: York City, as King’s Col- “The voice of one crying in the lege by royal charter of wilderness,” and green for its King George II of Eng- color. Founded in 1769 by Con- land. The American gregational minister Eleazar Revolution brought the Wheelock, the College was es- growth of the college tablished “for the education and to a halt. Teaching was instruction of Youth of the Indian suspended in 1776 for Tribes in this Land ... and also of eight years. In 1784 the English Youth and any others.” college reopened as Co- lumbia University. The Today, Dartmouth College has university adopted the 34 varsity sports teams and over words “In Thy light shall 60,000 living alumni. Famous we see light” as its motto. graduates include 8 Pulitzer win- It chose Columbia blue ners: Thomas Burton, poet Rich- and white as its colors. ard Eberhart, poet Robert Frost, Paul Gigot, Jake Hooker, Nigel Each year, Columbia Jaquiss, Martin Sherwin, and awards Pulitzer Prizes David Shipler. for journalists and boasts more Nobel Prize win- Dartmouth College enrolls ap- ners (alumni and faculty proximately 4,100 undergradu- combined) affiliated with ates in the liberal arts and 1,700 it than with any other in- graduate students. In addition stitution in the world. to 19 graduate programs in the An autumn view of Cleveland tower at the graduate college, arts and sciences, it boasts the Famous alumni and af- Princeton University. Source: Wikipedia, Copyright 2006 nation’s fourth oldest medical filiates include the Found- David Liao. school: the Dartmouth Medical ing Fathers of the United School, founded in 1797; the na- States, present U.S. president Barack Obama, poets tion’s first professional school of engineering: the Thayer Langston Hughes, Federico García Lorca, Joyce Kilmer School of Engineering, founded in 1867; and the first grad- and John Berryman, writers Eudora Welty, Isaac Asimov, uate school of management in the world: the Tuck School J. D. Salinger, Upton Sinclair, Jack Kerouac, Allen Gins- of Business, established in 1900. berg, Phyllis Haislip, Roger Zelazny, Herman Wouk, Hunt- er S. Thompson, Aravind Adiga, Apostolos Doxiadis, and The University holds a $2.8 billion endowment. Paul Auster. Cornell A faculty of 3,566 teaches nearly 25,500 students. The youngest Ivy was founded in 1865 in Ithaca, New York by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White as a coedu- cational, non-sectarian institution where admission was Brown offered irrespective of religion or race. Its founders insist- ed on the university making contributions in all fields of Brown College opened its doors to students in Providence, knowledge - from the classics to the sciences and from Rhode Island in 1764.