“Disrupting” Water Resources Management A New World of Disruptive Technologies for Water Resources Planning and Management Dr. Nagaraja Rao Harshadeep (Harsh) Global Lead (Disruptive Technology)
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) March 3, 2020, Beirut, Lebanon Multiple sectors, multiple institutions, linked by water and natural resources…
A Typical Watershed… Agriculture Department Livestock Department Precipitation Forest Department
Fishing Rural Water Supply Department Forest Urban Water Supply Department Reservoir Hydropower Irrigation Department Runoff Power Department Industry River Basin Boundary Urban WSS Industry Department Rural WSS Rainfed Agr Fisheries Department
Livestock Recreation
Groundwater Inflow Community Use Environment Department Transport Department Irrigation Return Flow
Infiltration / Recharge Tourism Department Navigation Central & State Agencies Wetlands / Environment Surface & Groundwater Departments Base Flow / Pumping Investment Institutions Groundwater Irrigation Ocean Development/CZM Department Basin Organizations; Other trans-boundary institutions Farmers, Private Sector, Local Govt., NGOs, Academia, General Public … …Need for Shared Vision supported by modern information, Groundwater Outflow institutions, and investments… Ocean Scales
Micro-Watershed/Micro-Catchment
Sub-Watershed/Sub-Catchment Watershed/Catchment
Sub-Basin River Basin
Transboundary Water Contexts: • River Basins • Lake/Inland Sea Basins • Groundwater Aquifers • Marine Areas • Precipitation-sheds What’s Broken?
Information Institutions Investments
• Data coverage and quality • Technical capacity • Infrastructure deficit (storage, power, • Widespread use of modern analytical • Meaningful stakeholder transport, agriculture, sustainable land tools involvement management, …) • Public access to data, tools, and • Decision making • Inadequate monitoring and forecasting knowledge products • Collaboration/ Partnerships systems • Poor office infrastructure and equipment • Investment coordination Modernizing Approaches to Address these Challenges… The 3 Is…
Institutions & Policy Information & Analysis • Resource Information Base (standards; harmonization; data rescue; monitoring; comprehensive spatial, temporal and other databases; improved use of satellite data; documents)
Cairo
E G Y P T Asyut Blue Nile Sub-Basin
Luxor Monthly Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum • Knowledge Products/Special Studies (maps, Atlases, Nasir Reservoir S U D A N Khartoum
Kusti Wad Madani
Malakal Kassala E R I T R E A Asmara S O U T H S U D A N Annual Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum interactive toolkits, surveys) Gonder Juba Tana Lake Bahir Dar
Jimma
E T H I O P I A Addis Ababa Data source: NOAA, 2006 GDP (million $/sq.km.) Capital city 0 - 0.5 11 - 25 • Access and Outreach mechanisms (data services, ENTRO Country boundary 2 - 1 26 - 50 Eastern Nile Technical Major river 2 - 3 51 - 100 Regional Office Lake/Sea 4 - 5 101 - 150 publications, web portals, Apps with public access to 6 - 10 151 - 1,194 open data services, technical/ success stories, multi-
INF100_3 INF209_3 INF205_3 INF207_5 UTTARK INF209_4 HAND INF207_1 INF100_1 INF100_4 INF205_2 INF209_2
INF205_1 INF205_4 INF207_4
Upper Upper Arun DAM209_3 INF207_3 Yamuna River INF205_5 NEP
Pancheswar Tamur
media documentation) _4
INF101_1 dam DAM209_6
DAM207_1 AL
Arun Arun III
DAM209
Kaliganghaki Kaliganghaki I Saptakosi Saptakosi River
PurnagiriDAM205_1 dam Seti
2 2 5
Lakhwar Dam INF207_2 DAM207_7
Arun Lower Lower
DAM205_2 Marsyandi
Trisuli Trisuli Reservoir
DAM207_5
DAM207_4
DAM207_6 Sunkosi Sunkosi II
DAM101_1 DAM209_ DAM209_
Banbhasa Burhi Gangaki
ii
HAL HAL PRADES H HIMAC INF100_2 Headworks Vyasi Dam DAM205_3 IT05_1 Chisapani (kamali) Andhi Khola INF209_1 Kotti Behl DAM207_2 Dam Kaligandhaki INF209_5 DAM101_2 Dam Sapta Ganghaki Kosi Hhogh Upper Ganga Reservoir East Ganga IRR205_1 INF205_6 INF205_8 IT00_1 DAM205_8IRR205_3 DAM207_3 Dam INF210_1 INF101_2 Canal DAM100_6 Canal River INF208_1 Dam
(Sarada) INF209_6
Mahakali DAM207_8 IRR100_1 INF207_6 IT07_1 DAM209_7 INF100_5 IRR100_2 Gomti Rapti Kamala Dam IT05_3 INF205_7 DAM209_1 IT09_2 BANGLA riverIT03_1 Dam IT05_6 Kulekhani INF103_1 IRR207_1 IT09_1 DAM205 DESH Yamuna West Yamuna East DAM208_1
Lucknow City Rapti_9 IRR209_2 river
Canal Canal Madhya West Madhya East INF100_6 river INF208_2 IRR209_1
Karnali Karnali (Ghagra) (Ghagra) Supply Nepal FL5 Mechi River IRR101_1 IRR101_2 Ganga Ganga IT05_2 IT01_1 WS103_1 (Surya) Babai IRR205_5 IT07_2 IRR100_3 IT00_2 IRR100_4 IT05_7 IT05_4 IT05_5 IT08_1 FL1 INF100_7 • Sarda Western Gandhak IT09_3 Analytical Tools (models/Decision Support Systems INF101_3 Kosi western Kosi Eastern INF314_1 Sahayak IRR107_2 canal IT10_1 Agra Canal Hinden R. IT00_3 IRR105_2 Girija IT05_9 canal IRR109_3 IRR101_3 B Rapti B Eastern IRR109_4INF110_2 FL7 INF313_1 INF101_4 FL2 Surya B IRR105_6 Gandhak Lower Ganga IT01_2 IRR105_ FL4 IRR107_3FL6 Canal FL3 IT00_4 UTTAR 4
INF105_10 River Banganga IRR100_5 INF100_8 Kamala River PRADESH INF105_9 IT05_8
Kanpur city River Mohananda Mohananda
INF101_5 (Bangladesh) Delhi Water IT01_3 Supply IT00_5 INF100_9 INF312_1 River
Supply WS100_1 INF105_11
Mohananda Mohananda River River (India)
Agra City River Jamuna Upper Upper Meghna
WS101_1 Gandhak River INF100_17 Rapti River Rapti
Supply Ghagara River INF100_10 INF100_11 Bagmati River INF100_14 Kosi River for planning/operations support in an integrated WS101_2 IT01_4 INF101_9 INF101_12 INF101_18 INF100_12 BIH Ganges Barrage INF100_13 (planned) IT00_8 AR IT00_19 IT00_16 Padma River IT00_6 IT00_14 IT00_18 INF101_16 IT00_9 IT00_10 Ganges River IT00_11 IT00_12 IT00_13 IT00_15 FL8 Ganges River IT00_17 IT01_9 IT00_7 Parwan IT01_12 Farakka IT01_5 IT01_11 INF100_15 INF100_16 Irrigation IT01_14 IRR101_12 Musakhand IRR101_4 IT01_16 Dam IT11_4 River IRR101_10 IT01_15 IRR101_11 Rangwan DAM104_2 INF111_1 IRR102_2 Adhuara Dam IT04_1 Mayurakshi Lower Meghna RAJAST IT01_6 Municipal area Massanjore IRR300_6 INF101_11DAM101_11IT02_2 River HAN INF101_8 Daudhan WS104_1 Maithan Dam Dhaolpur municipal Dam DAM111_2 DAM111_1 Naugarh Dam INF111_2 area DAM101_10 INF102_2 DAM104_1 systems context) WS101_3 INF101_10 INF101_17 IT11_2 IT11_3 Hoogly END2 KeolariKen River INF111_3 IT01_7 INF104_1 Banghirathi / END3 IT01_10 IRR101_7 Damodar River Chambal left IT02_1 Panchet Chambal right Son left Son Right Bank Kangshabati bank INF101_15 Karmanasa Resevoir bank IT06_1 IRR106_1 IRR106_2 DAM111_3 DAM111_4 IRR101_5 River INF106_3 IT11_1 Kota Dam IRR101_6IT01_13 IT06_3 INF111_4 DAM101_ Haldia River 5 IT06_2 INF101_7 INF102_1 IRR106_3 Ranapratapsagar JHARKH Tons DAM101_4 IT01_8 INF101_14 AND WEST River BENGAL END1
River INF106_4 Gandhisagar INF101_13 MADHYA Dam INF106_2 North Kael IRR101_8 INF106_1 DAM101_3 PRADESH
INF101_6 Pardkh CHHATTISG Chambal River IRR101_9 ARH River Dam (Existing)
Diversion Irrigation
International Dam (Planned) Boundary
State Wisdom to Boundary make Decisions
Knowledge
Information
Data Institutions & Policy • Strengthening Institutions (office modernization, stakeholder participation, capacity development and training incl. distance learning, improved links with academia, internships, visiting experts, professional networks/ communities of practice; forums, competitions) • Strengthening Policies (streamlining institutional design/policy/mandates, improving synergy, economic instruments, decentralization) • Innovative Instruments (e.g. knowledge-driven facilitated diplomacy, policy instruments, incentive frameworks) Investments & Operations
• Preparation of a new generation of modern investments (with adequate attention to technical, environmental/climate, social, economic, and institutional aspects) – upgrading existing infrastructure and building new infrastructure analyzed in a systems context and reflecting innovation and climate-smart development • Implementation facilitation, monitoring, and lessons (adequate technical assistance, ownership, services, M&E) • Infrastructure planning and operational coordination There are many ongoing changes…
Urbanization Climate Change
Rising Expectations Disruptive Tech “DISRUPT” DECISION SUPPORT
• Data Collection: Monitoring/Surveys (in-situ sensors/IoT, Earth Observation, UAVs, crowdsourcing…); Digitization • Data Management (telemetry, cloud services, open data services, Blockchain, …) • Data Analysis (Big data, Geospatial/AI/Machine Learning, modeling, script repositories …) • Data Access (open data APIs, data visualization, gamification, mixed reality-AR/VR, …) • Outreach: Platforms/Portals/Apps/e-books/Competitions “DISRUPT” PRODUCTION
• 3D printing/additive manufacturing • Automation/Robotics/automated transport • Advanced materials/nanotech/biotech/clean tech/ smart energy/ smart farms… “DISRUPT” INTERACTION
• Social Media • Knowledge/Learning Platforms • Crowdsourcing, gamification, competitions • Mobile money, Fintech • Maker movement/DIY/Tech Incubators • Sharing economy All Companies will be Data Companies…
90% of the World’s data has been produced in the last 2 years…
Two-thirds of the jobs todays kids will pursue haven’t even been invented yet…
• IoT can add US$2.7-6.2 trillion annually by 2025… • Autonomous transportation could have a US$7 trillion annual revenue stream… • Blockchain will deliver US$3.1 trillion in value by 2030… • AI will add US$15 trillion to the global economy by 2030… • AR/VR will disrupt a US$30 trillion industry… • 3D printing will disrupt the US$30 trillion manufacturing sector… • Robots could disrupt the US$15.5 trillion construction industry… • Clean energy tech could be a US$50 trillion industry… • The sharing economy could be $335 billion by 2025… • Nanotechnology is already a US$1trillion industry… • Fintech eyes US$124 trillion of transfer payments…
World Bank e-book on Disruptive Tech (draft) http://www.appsolutelydigital.com/dt/ Disruptive tech could change Development Making “smart development” wrt climate, water and natural Online Services resources, energy, food, waste, mobility, knowledge, services, networks…
Green Energy
Broadband & Apps, e-services & e-learning Smartphone Access
Planning
Access to a new world of Data, Information, Knowledge and Services 3D Printed Infrastructure Drones/UAVs Sensors/IoT (e.g. for monitoring, (e.g. for soil moisture) seeding, delivery) Fundamental Project Design Implications
Solar-covered Canals
“Floto-voltaics” Many multi-sectoral implications (incl. for the Amazon!)
A third of global agricultural 70% of agricultural land is water use is for fodder! ~ 8 oz 14 mi used for pasture (~28m km2)!
Water Use GHG Emissions Land Use Production Cost Livestock: •Supports 1.3 billion people •40% of global value of agricultural output Data Rescue
Digitizer
Wastewater Nallah
Bathing Ghat Scanner “Top-Down” Data Acquisition System
Satellite & UAV Earth Observation
Cairo
E G Y P T Asyut Blue Nile Sub-Basin
Luxor Monthly Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum Nasir Reservoir
S U D A N Khartoum
Kusti Wad Madani Malakal Platforms Kassala E R I T R E A Asmara S O U T H S U D A N Annual Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum Big Data Gonder Juba Tana Lake Bahir Dar
Jimma
E T H I O P I A Addis Ababa Data source: NOAA, 2006 GDP (million $/sq.km.) Capital city 0 - 0.5 11 - 25 ENTRO Country boundary 2 - 1 26 - 50 Eastern Nile Technical Major river 2 - 3 51 - 100 Regional Office Lake/Sea 4 - 5 101 - 150 6 - 10 151 - 1,194 Web Portals/Apps/e-books Cloud GIS and other datasets Data Rescue Services Stakeholder Alerts
Machine Learning/AI Crowdsourcing Data Management
Analytics/Models Operational Control Rooms
Manual Monitoring Automated Monitoring “Bottom-up” Data Acquisition System → IoT Wisdom to make Decisions
Knowledge
Information
Data Data Value Chain: Coping with Floods
Flood Coping Actions Decision Support (stakeholder actions to minimize loss of life / livelihood)
Dissemination (Stakeholder Channels – DSS, Bulletins, SMS, Radio, TV, Social Media, Portals, Apps, Podcasts, phone, emails, …) Knowledge Flood Early Warning & Recommendations
Products & Services (Formats, Frequency, Messaging, Customization, Media) Flood Weather Hydrologic Information Inundation Forecasts Forecasts Forecasts
Models (Seasonal to nowcasting; statistical/ hydrologic systems/ hydrodynamic, …) Historical Climate, Data Surveys “Top-Down” Data “Bottom-up” Data (from Flow, and Flooded area (detailed Digital Elevation Model, (from remote sensing/ earth field gauges, manual Data Soils, Water Infrastructure Status) observation products) reporting, crowdsourcing) Basin Planning Envisioning the Future
Point A: Point B: Strategy Current Situation Future Vision
Institutions
Information Investments
Support Program Analytical & Stakeholder Tracks to Multi-sectoral Spatial Planning…
Decisions→
Stakeholder Involvement →
Analytical → Big Data – on the ground…
In-Situ Sensors: Now when a tree falls Wisdom of the Crowd in a forest, you can actually hear it!
Citizen Science Citizen Engagement E-Surveys/Service Ratings “OK Cards” Competitions
Water Appathon Water Hackathon Data Jams X-Prize Internships E-books, Designs, Products, Processes… Pollution Management
Drought Preparedness Leverage WBG Infrastructure & Convening
Evolving Global Government Online courses, Operational Good Practices Implementation e-books Basics & Experiences Professional Recent Lessons Networking Advances Learned Private Sector Perspectives
Videoconference/Collaborative Digital Virtual Seminars on Key Virtual Desktop Networks Topics from Global Experts Participation; e-learning Benefits of using emerging technology Risks of using emerging technology • Cheaper, faster, better, … • Traditional jobs becoming obsolete • More participatory, information-based decisions • Changes in decision making • Do things not possible before, smaller world… • Privacy, Cybersecurity, Accelerated pace of change… Towards a Mashreq Platform A new world of “Disruptive Technology”
“Disrupt” decision making • Data Collection: Monitoring/Surveys (in- “Disrupt” interaction situ sensors/IoT, Earth Observation, UAVs, “Disrupt” production • Crowdsourcing, gamification, crowdsourcing…); Digitization • 3D printing/additive competitions (e.g. manufacturing • Data Management (telemetry, cloud hackathons, appathons) • Automation/Robotics services, open data, Blockchain, …) • Mobile money, Fintech /automated transport • Data Analysis (Big data, • Maker movement/DIY/Tech • Advanced Geospatial/AI/Machine Learning, Incubators/OLC materials/nanotech/ modeling, script repositories …) biotech/distributed • Sharing economy, Mobile • Data Access (open data APIs, data energy/green tech… learning visualization, gamification, mixed reality- AR/VR, …) • Outreach: Platforms/Social Media/Portals/Apps/e-books/Competitions “Top-Down” Data Acquisition System
Satellite & UAV Earth Observation
Cairo
E G Y P T Asyut Blue Nile Sub-Basin
Luxor Monthly Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum Nasir Reservoir
S U D A N Khartoum
Kusti Wad Madani Malakal Platforms Kassala E R I T R E A Asmara S O U T H S U D A N Annual Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum Big Data Gonder Juba Tana Lake Bahir Dar
Jimma
E T H I O P I A Addis Ababa Data source: NOAA, 2006 GDP (million $/sq.km.) Capital city 0 - 0.5 11 - 25 ENTRO Country boundary 2 - 1 26 - 50 Eastern Nile Technical Major river 2 - 3 51 - 100 Regional Office Lake/Sea 4 - 5 101 - 150 6 - 10 151 - 1,194 Web Portals/Apps/e-books Cloud GIS and other datasets Data Rescue Services Stakeholder Alerts
Machine Learning/AI Crowdsourcing Data Management
Analytics/Models Operational Control Rooms
Manual Monitoring Automated Monitoring “Bottom-up” Data Acquisition System → IoT
Disrupt or Be Disrupted!