US-BELARUSFebruary-March 2016 OBSERVER

TENNIS WORLD CHAMP MAX MIRNYI

KHATYN BELARUSIAN TRAGEDY

p.37 CONDUCTOR SPOTLIGHT ON EVGENY BUSHKOV HOLLYWOOD ROYALTY BRINGS THE MAGICAL INTERVIEW MUSIC OF BELARUS WITH A BALDWIN TO THE STATES This is Belarus!

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If interested, please email [email protected] Editors’ Letter US-Belarus Observer 1 Editors’ Letter Before one starts discussing any subject, they have to first be as “the guardian angels of my country.” Following the depravity of sure that they understand the meaning of the topic. For example, war, Volkovich’s great-grandfather returned to his village to rebuild in a conversation about love, one has to be sure of what kind of his hut from ashes. Undoubtedly, he would have seen these birds love they are considering. For some people, love is dating around, arriving, looking for a roof to nest on. Like many villagers, he would while for others it represents a lifetime connection. For some, “to have felt that these storks brought with them a sign of freedom. The love children” means helping one’s own children, and for others, freedom for which he bravely fought, and that cost the lives of so the statement means to help suffering children all over the world. many people that were dear to him. There would have been no offi- For some, the word “integrity” means defending one’s own family, cial decree or treaty so powerfully moving to his human heart as the political party, or religion. For others, integrity means defending sight and symbolism of these white-winged guardians of Belarus. the truth, a certainty that is more important than family, political Other symbols are not so warm, yet they are also symbolic of affiliation or religion. freedom—lost freedom. In this issue, we commemorate the Belar- Also, when one talks about freedom, one must first determine usian village of Khatyn; a tragedy for the people of Belarus. Burned what another means by “freedom.” For some, freedom means to the ground along with all of its residents, no one ever returned to the right to take others’ belongings, to rob, to abuse, or to break rebuild this village. In Belarusinka, internationally renowned poet the laws of a country. These things continue to happen even after Yevgeny Yevtushenko shares the memory of Khatyn which he car- countless man-made revolutions; it certainly continues to hap- ries within his soul. At times, words easily define meaning, as when pen in the world today. For others, freedom is the realization of a they serve to carry you beyond their definition. Sometimes words dream, the opportunity to read and write and to live as you see fit, are felt in places that are not so easily expressed as in Yevtushenko’s while at the same time respecting the opinions of others. Freedom poem Mother and the Neutron Bomb, which opens up Khatyn and is when one can express disdain for government, but can still take all of Belarus to readers in a way that is truly transforming. personal initiative to help with the improvement of the country. Some holidays can also be symbolic and powerful. International Freedom is free choice for everyone, in love, in politics, in busi- Women’s Day (March 8th) celebrates what the women in our lives ness, and in religion. One thing that is certain is that freedom can- mean to us. In An Anthem to Belarusian Women, Alex Pogorelov not be divided. Some will say that there can be freedom in politics, shares what Belarusian women mean to him; strength, beauty, re- but not in the economy, or they might find that there can be free- silience, and, of course, freedom. In this work Pogorelov conveys dom in the economy, but not in religion. This is not right! If there his feeling that the reason that Belarus has survived is because of is freedom in a country, then freedom must extend into all areas its wonderful women. Undoubtedly, we agree! That is why we also of life. There are not many separate freedoms. Freedom is a unified further celebrate Belarus’s new Nobel Laureate, Svetlana Alexiev- entity. You either have freedom or you don’t. ich and her accomplishments. The dream always sounds simple: the basis for human happiness Finally, we finish this issue with a piece on Belarusian tennis is freedom. This dream is alive in Belarus, through both losses and champion, Max Mirnyi. It’s no coincidence that his last name sorrow, through triumphs and victories; Belarus is moving toward means “peaceful.” As a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, Mirnyi that dream. shows us that there is more to being a champion than winning In this issue of the US-Belarus Observer, readers are able to dis- medals, awards, and trophies. Of course, to many people in the cover what freedom means to many Belarusians. In The Magical world, the word “champion” is often used to describe a person who Cucumber Capital, a small Belarusian village has realized its dream has defeated rivals in some recognized competition. However, a of freedom by turning green cucumbers into pure gold. Maybe cu- champion is also someone who fights for a cause or on behalf of cumbers don’t really mean freedom to most people, but they cer- someone else. Really, there is no greater champion than one who tainly do to the hard-working, prosperous villagers of Olshany. fights for freedom and in a peaceful way! Words like “freedom” are symbolic for many people. Ameri- We hope that our readers are moved by this issue of the US- cans need only look at a bald-eagle and recognize the freedom that Belarus Observer, and that they search to explore the meaning of is symbolizes. Storks are important symbols for Belarusians. They each and every piece we offer within their own hearts. bring the spring with their arrival into small towns and villages. In Belarus: What A Country! The Land Under White Wings, Belarusian Editorial Team writer Aleksandr Volkovich describes these white-winged residents US-Belarus Observer

MAGAZINE STAFF

Executive Editor: Veronica Grigaltchik Special Consultant: Thomas Beyer US-Belarus Observer Magazine Art Director: Serhii Serhiienko P.O. Box 7789 Translators: Elizabeth Barkell Gomez, Manager and Advertising Director: North Port, FL 34290 Marina Pustilnik Paul Petrovets Email: [email protected] Editorial Staff: Nick Morgulis, Gracen Sullivan Please find us on the web Chief Consultant: Mark Bazalev Publisher: Mikhail Morgulis at www.usbelarusobserver.com

Produced by the Literary Courier Interested in contributing? We welcome submissions to the magazine! Contact via mail or email This magazine is independently produced (submissions in PDF format) and is a non-profit publication 2 US-Belarus Observer Content CONTENT

SPOTLIGHT 3 A Man Who Lived According to the Laws of Love 4 Khatyn: Belarusian Tragedy 4 POLITICS 6 Important News from Belarus 8 U.S. - Belarus Relations: 1991 to Present 12 Crisis of Civilization: What Can Be Done? BUSINESS 14 Belarusian Universities Raise Their Game 16 The Magical Cucumber Capital 14 18 Featured Opinion Piece: Belarus’s Industrial Techboost

CULTURE 22 Stephen Baldwin: Standing in the Spotlight 24 Tourism for the Body and Soul 26 Belarus: What a Country! 29 Belarusinka 30 A City Brought From the Underground 32 A Candle in the Soul: An Interview with Nobel Laureate 22 Svetlana Alexievich 34 What Characterizes the Soul of Belarusians?

CONNECTION 38 An Anthem to Belarusian Women 40 Belarusian Children at the Forefront 41 Parenting Tips from Readers SCIENCE 42 42 Storks – Symbol of Belarus

SPORTS 44 Max Mirnyi FINAL THOUGHTS 48 Belarusians Laugh 44 If you would like to receive an electronic copy of each magazine issue, please subscribe by emailing us at [email protected]

CORRECTIONS

In the December 2015 – January 2016 issue, the following footnotes were inadvertently omitted from the article Historic Precedent: Belarus Courts Enforce U.S. Court Judgment (pg. 30 – 31): 1. Boris Parad, Esq.1: 1Boris Parad, an American patent attorney with European and U.S. engineering background, is the founder of Parad Law Offices, P.C. focusing in civil / business litigation and international trade matters. He can be reached at [email protected]. 2. The case saga began in 2008 when the Illinois state court awarded a small company “M” a judgment $733,294.50 against three defendants who became jointly and severally liable for that judgment payment.2: 2The case is winding down in the parallel judicial processes in both countries. In Re: Aleksandr Abramovich, BK 14-24708, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. Spotlight US-Belarus Observer 3

A MAN WHO LIVED ACCORDING TO THE LAWS OF LOVE

By Mikhail Morgulis

n amazing son of the Belarusian land, The difficulty of moving to a completely words of the Bible: ‘For God so loved the Alex Leonovich was born in 1922 different country is familiar to many Amer- world, that He gave his only begotten son, A(i.e. 94 years ago). Imagine, this was a icans. However, part of the makeup of the that whosoever believes in Him should not time when the Soviet regime was taking its soul of Alex Leonovich was that he never perish, but have everlasting life.’” first steps, and Vladimir Lenin, the leader forgot his long-suffering homeland, which Undoubtedly, Alex Leonovich was a of Russia, was still alive, Winston Churchill lost millions of people during the storms wonderful Belarusian living in America. was young, Stalin was not yet a monster, of war. He never forgot the village houses He was one of the first to transmit spiritual and little-known Warren G. Harding was from his childhood, the churches that he radio programs in Russian and Belarusian. the President of the United States. went to as a young boy, the quiet river un- He was the President of the Slavic Service In those days, the naïve world hoped der the bowed reverent trees, or the eyes and a member of the Board of Directors that World War I would remain the last of Belarusians. Throughout his life, during of the NRB, an American association in- war in the history of civilization. As in all the hard Soviet times and afterwards, he volved in radio and television. He received times, people then lived with baseless and tried to help the patient and humble land of an honorary doctorate from a university unfounded hopes. Their naiveté was in- his childhood. He preserved the language in Moscow, and, as an outstanding peace- terwoven with feverish romanticism and of his homeland, until his death at almost keeper, was awarded a medal by the United pacifism of a revolutionary nature. Most of 90 years old. Nations Foundation. Most importantly, the civilized people in the world were hop- Each person has a word that is key in he was always humbled and radiated love, ing for a bright future and did not see the their life. For Alex Leonovich, this word often repeating, “The most important silhouette of death on the horizon with its was “love.” He often would say to me, “It thing in life is to fill the human heart with bloody scythe. No one could foresee that doesn’t matter to me if other people don’t warmth and love.” He really loved and re- the beautiful slogans of Stalin’s brotherhood love a person. For me, what’s important is spected America, but never stopped loving would be found at the mass graves of con- how I act, how I love the person!” There Belarus. centration camps, or that Hitler, after yell- are people who think that it is possible to As I write these lines, I remember how ing about the greatness of the nation, would love God and not to love a person. But Alex much he loved to touch Belarusian land, as spill the brown poison of Nazism all over Leonovich knew that those people are what it sang songs to him from his childhood. Europe, resulting in the death of tens of mil- the Bible calls “hypocrites.” I remember how much he loved to see lions of people. The world did not foresee He called himself an American with a people, for whom his loving heart did beat. Khatyn and Babi Yar, Auschwitz, and the Belarusian soul. Of course, with American I hope that many Belarusians, living in famine in Ukraine, Hiroshima, and Cher- schooling, a university education, work, America, will remember the beautiful soul nobyl. No one could imagine that in China, and a different life…one could forget about of a man, who devoted his life to America Cambodia, Africa, and Syria, there would a distant land…But the blood, sweat, and and Belarus. be senseless killing of people. Mankind tears of the land always remained in his could not imagine that human life, although heart. As they say, the first love is the deep- He once wrote a poem dedicated to Be- created by God, would lose all value. The est. Once, on a train in Belarus, he said larus, and these are its five lines: world could not foresee the terror attacks to me, “I know that if I love people, I love in New York, the fall of the Twin Towers, God.” Then we talked about how the world My native land, my soul is with you forever, and the cold-blooded massacre of children was changing, but how people remained Your forests, fields, and rivers are with me, in Beslan. The world could not foresee that the same. As in the past, most people con- Your patient and quiet people are with me… those devoted to Allah would blow up chil- tinue to dwell in misery, loneliness, indif- Oh, native land, warm-hearted and dren. Many in the world did not know the ference, and anger. Only the living God magnificent! g words of the Bible: “The whole world lies in can change the soul of human beings, by wickedness” (John 5:19). filling them with spiritual happiness. Alex You can reach Mikhail Morgulis In 1929, when Alex was seven years old, Leonovich said, “I see that my purpose is at [email protected] his family immigrated to the United States. that, in helping man, I remind him of the 4 US-Belarus Observer History

By the Editorial Team KHATYN Belarusian Tragedy Spotlight US-Belarus Observer 5

here are tragedies in life that are never forgotten. One of people, who were running in all directions. We made it five or six these is the brutality of German Nazis and their collabora- meters from the doors of the barn, then my mom pushed me to the tors in the Belarusian village Khatyn, during World War ground, and we both lay there. I wanted to get up, but she pressed II. The Nazis and a collaborating Ukrainian Nazi-police my head down: “Don’t move, son, lie still.” Something hit me hard Tunit, composed mostly of criminals, locked 156 villagers, includ- in my arm. I was bleeding. I told my mom, but she didn’t answer— ing 75 children, in a barn and set it ablaze. The trapped people she was already dead. How long I was lying there, I don’t know. managed to break down the front doors, but in trying to escape, Everything around me was burning, even my mother’s clothes had were killed by machine gun fire. The village was then looted and begun to glow. Afterwards I realized that the punitive squad had burned to the ground. left and the shooting had ended, but still I waited awhile before I On the site of the torched village, Belarusians have created a me- got up. morial complex, where they have placed plaques with the names of The barn burned down, burned corpses lay all around. Someone people that died. Every plaque symbolizes a house, and the num- moaned: “drink ...” ber of houses that were burned was 26! Next to each plaque, a small I ran, brought water, but to no avail, in front of my eyes the bell is installed which rings with a sad lingering sound every 30 Khatyn villagers, died one after another. Terrible, painful deaths. ... second. The sounds of the bells resemble the hearts of the innocent victims of Nazism in Belarus. There is also a bronze monument Another boy, 12-year-old Anton Baranovsky, was left for dead, commemorating the single surviving villager Joseph Kaminsky, due to a leg wound. They were taken care of by residents of neigh- who is carrying his dead son Adam in his arms. As the only adult boring villages. After the war, the children were brought up in an survivor of the Khatyn massacre, 56-year-old blacksmith Joseph orphanage in the town of Pleshchenitsy. Kaminsky, also wounded and burnt, recovered consciousness after the executioners had left. He supposedly found his burned son, who later died in his arms. There is an eerie feeling at the site, one that suggests that some- thing more than a village was lost. Khatyn is an everlasting sym- bol of something much more horrific. For on-site, there is also a monument with 185 tombs, and there were only 149 inhabitants in Khatyn. These tombs are actually not for individual lost souls, but instead each tomb commemorates another village that was torched by Nazis. The tragedy of Khatyn is one of thousands, at- testing to the deliberate policy of genocide that was implemented by Nazis and their collaborators towards the people of Belarus. Of 100,000 villages found in Belarus at the time, 9,200 were burned down during the war. Most villages were left without a single home standing, and without a single soul to share memories of happier times. The cruelty of the war, felt strongly at the memorial com- plex, brings a deep sorrow to one’s heart. A lesson that cannot be unlearned. Feelings that are not easily felt. “The tragedy of Khatyn is a lesson to the whole mankind, and monuments such as this on the site of the burned village, are needed not only in order to honor the memory of the dead. Such monuments are needed for the living to remember and never per- mit a repeat of anything like this,” Andrei Kobyakov, head of the Presidential Administration of Belarus, said in 2013 at the com- The small village of Khatyn was just 30 miles away from the hus- memoration, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the tragedy. tle and bustle of Belarus’s capital city, Minsk. Yet, this memorial Viktor Zhelobkovich, a seven-year-old boy, survived the fire in remains a large reminder for all people, both near and far. Khatyn the barn, under the corpse of his mother. He described the horror reminds the world that any land, big or small, if given to false ideo- of what he went through that fateful day: logical and physical monsters, can be filled with the blood of in- nocent people. That day, before dinner, my father and I went to the barn, to On the white marble slab, the written words, symbolizing the prepare transianka—a mixture of hay and straw—for the cow. grief and thoughts of killed people, address the living: Suddenly we heard gunshots. We ran into the house, told all the people... to hide in the basement. After some time the members Good people, remember: of the punitive squad broke through the door to the basement and We loved our lives, and our homeland, and you, our dearest. ordered us all out on the street. As we got out we saw that they Our request to all: were chasing people out of the other houses as well. They brought Let grief and sorrow turn into your courage and strength, us to the [farm] barn, which stood a little bit outside the village. So that you can maintain peace and quiet in the land forever My mother and I stood right by the locked barn doors, and I could So that, from now on, life will not die anywhere in a see between the planks of the barn wall how they piled up hay whirlwind of fire! g against the wall, which they then set on fire. When the burning roof caved in, the people and people’s clothes caught on fire, ev- For more information: erybody threw themselves against the doors, which broke open. http://www.belarus.by/en/travel/belarus-life/khatyn The punitive squad stood around the barn and opened fire on the 6 US-Belarus Observer Politics

Important News From Belarus Taken from the Annual Review of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Belarus and Activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2015

he Belarusian diplomatic service fo- The Belarusian side ensured all neces- two sides conducted expert consultations cused its efforts on comprehensive sary conditions for regular meetings of the on bilateral relations, regional cooperation, and effective promotion of national trilateral contact group on Ukraine and its human rights, human trafficking, fight interests, provision of a substantial thematic working groups. Belarus remains against cybercrime and terrorism, and Be- Tcontribution to strengthening of regional se- firmly committed to the peaceful resolu- larus’s accession to the WTO. curity, and elimination of sanctions and re- tion of the Ukrainian crisis, which will be The first Honorary Consuls of the Re- strictive measures, which had prevented the facilitated by strict implementation of the public of Belarus in the United States were development of mutually beneficial relations Minsk agreements by all parties. appointed in Texas and Florida. of Belarus with foreign partners. Positive dynamics of the step-by-step To capitalize on the progress made, Be- The 2015 elections of the President of process of normalization of relations with larus is interested in bringing sustainability the Republic of Belarus took place in a the European Union and the United States into the process of normalization of its rela- calm and businesslike atmosphere. Con- of America was reinforced with the sus- tions with the United States. structive cooperation was ensured with pension of the restrictive measures against The visit of the President of the Republic international observers from OSCE, CIS, Belarus, making it possible to significantly of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, to the PACE, SCO and other international orga- increase the intensity of contacts at various UN Summit in New York became the year’s nizations and research centers (represent- levels. central event of the multilateral track. The ed by over 900 observers). In a joint constructive effort with the UN Sustainable Development Agenda ad- The protection of the rights and interests United States of America, Belarus con- opted for the next 15 years complies with of Belarusian citizens abroad remained in tinued seeking opportunities for further the National Sustainable Development the very spotlight of the Foreign Ministry’s normalization of the dialogue. Bilateral co- Strategy of the Republic of Belarus until attention. Belarus sought to deliver its con- operation in trade, science and technology 2030, and corresponds to national needs. tribution to solving global problems, ad- was actively developed, while humanitar- The conceptual speech delivered from dressing modern challenges and threats, ian contacts witnessed further expansion. the UN rostrum by the Belarusian Head and traditionally actively participated in On May 9th, 2015, the U.S. Air Force in of State gave a possibility to focus atten- the activities of the UN and other interna- Europe Band participated in the Victory tion of the international community on tional organizations. Day celebrations in Minsk, paying tribute fundamental problems of the current crisis Belarus consistently facilitated the de- to the common history and relations of the phenomena, to present views on how to escalation of the crisis in Ukraine, based Allies during World War II. achieve real sustainable development, and on genuine interest in its swift resolution. In August 2015, a United States Congres- to emphasize approaches of the Republic As of today, the agreements reached at the sional delegation visited Belarus and was of Belarus to the principles of international Normandy Four Summit in Minsk, the cap- received by the Head of State. dialogue, taking into account a diversity of ital of Belarus, are an internationally recog- In October 2015, the United States pro- ways towards progressive development. nized tool for solving the conflict through vided sanctions relief for a number of Be- On the sidelines of the UN Summit, the political and diplomatic means. larusian petrochemical enterprises. The President met the UN High Commissioner Politics US-Belarus Observer 7

for Human Rights and the Managing Di- During Russia’s leadership in BRICS (as- conference in Minsk called Innovative In- rector of the International Monetary Fund sociation of five major emerging national dustrial Development of Middle-Income (IMF). economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China Countries in Europe and Central Asia. Belarus continues to promote initiatives and South Africa), Belarus initiated a spe- The forum was attended by the UN Un- within the UN on combating trafficking cial high-level meeting of the Heads of der-Secretary General for Economic and and human organs, proposals to the sus- the member states as a side event the 7th Social Affairs, and representatives of 25 tainable energy agenda, and issues of the BRICS Summit (July). The President of the counties and seven international organi- middle-income countries and a traditional Republic of Belarus took part in that event. zations. family. The Belarusian side actively interacted Belarus continued the practice of ac- Youth issues were further promoted on with other states, while preparing for the cession to important international human the UN agenda, in the context of tradi- 21st Session of the Conference of the Par- rights instruments, in order to develop tional family values, with 2015 declared the ties to the UN Framework Convention on its national policy. In 2015 the President Year of Youth in Belarus. Climate Change. of Belarus signed the Convention on the At the 70th UN anniversary, Belarus Belarus was elected to the International Rights of Persons with Disabilities. fully committed to the organization’s prin- Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Board During the 38th General Conference of ciples and conducted a number of signifi- of Governors. Four national projects, re- the United Nations Educational, Scientific cant symbolic events. In commemoration garding infrastructure development is- and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), of the 70th anniversary of V-day (World sues, nuclear power engineering person- which celebrated its 70th anniversary in War II), the President of the Republic nel training, use of nuclear technologies in 2015, Belarus promoted its priorities in all of Belarus took part in the ceremony of medicine and overcoming the Chernobyl areas of its UNESCO activities, which were planting a Tree of Peace and Sustainable disaster consequences, were included into included in the UNESCO budget for 2016- Development in a Minsk park. Upon the the Agency’s Technical Cooperation Pro- 2017 and subsequently adopted. initiative of the Belarusian side, a symbolic gram for 2016-2017. The 250th anniversary of our prominent ceremony of planting a Tree of Peace and Minsk became a place for a number of compatriot Michal Oginski, who was a dip- Unity dedicated to the 70th anniversary of major international forums. In October, for lomat, composer, writer and a public figure the victory over Nazism was held at the UN the first time, Belarus hosted the so-called was included into the UNESCO Memo- headquarters in New York. The UN Secre- Technical Olympiad – the 79th General rable Dates Calendar. For this occassion, tary General Ban Ki-moon participated in Assembly of the International Electrotech- France and Belarus held a number of me- this ceremony. There was also the launch of nical Commission (IEC). Heads of the 29 morial events that attracted attention from a special train, The UN Express in Belarus to IEC national committees and more than the international community. g Support the Sustainable Development Goals, 1200 delegates from leading world compa- which had travelled through all the regions nies attended the event. For more information: of Belarus and became a unique and re- In April 2015, at the Foreign Ministry’s [email protected] markable project. initiative, there was a major international 8 US-Belarus Observer Poltics

U.S. - BELARUS RELATIONS: 1991 TO PRESENT

By Sergio Millian Politics US-Belarus Observer 9 10 US-Belarus Observer Politics

he relationship between the Unit- ed States and Belarus remains the subject of significant debate. Re- cently, positive steps between the Ttwo nations have resulted in a shift toward building a confident, long-term relation- ship. Both nations are ready for close col- laboration over vital economic and nation- al security interests. Following the Soviet Union’s dissolu- tion in 1991, the U.S. and Belarus, a for- mer Soviet republic, established diplomatic relations that have grown over the past 25 years. The initial American focus on an autonomous Belarus included attempts to implement democratic reforms and create a market economy. As part of stimulating growth in Belarus, the U.S. encouraged private, direct investment into the Belaru- sian economy, in order to promote the de- velopment of a private sector and support a smooth transition to a free market. The operated the four business entities, had countries further established their rela- been blacklisted under Executive Order tionship when a U.S. embassy opened in 13405. These sanctions have been recently Minsk, the capital of Belarus, on January Following the Soviet suspended. 31, 1992. Union’s dissolution For both countries, the sanctions meant The launch of mutual economic ties in 1991, the U.S. and economic repercussions like decreased flourished in February 1993 when a bilat- capital outflow and investment activity, as eral trade treaty was implemented, which Belarus, a former Soviet well as trade stagnation. On Oct. 29, 2015, guaranteed a reciprocal most-favored-na- republic, established theU.S. suspended sanctions against the tion status. Then, in January of 1994, the Belarusian state-owned petroleum compa- two countries cooperated further with a diplomatic relations that nies Belorusneft and Belneftekhim, which bilateral investment treaty. have grown over the past included the latter’s U.S. subsidiaries.com- In the following years, several agree- 25 years. panies are now allowed to conduct trans- ments with the International Monetary actions with a limited value of $10,000 Fund (IMF) led to economic reforms in dollars each. Amounts exceeding this limit Belarus, which were highly welcomed by must be reported to the U.S. State Depart- the United States. However, due to inter- ment within 15 days, during which time, nal issues and the differences concerning approximately $76 million dollars. But according to the U.S. Finance Department, economic policy, collaboration between in 1997, the U.S. introduced a “selective the property of the concerned companies Belarus and the IMF was temporarily engagement” policy, which affected state- will remain blocked. suspended. Finally, in November 2015, to-state relations by restricting both gov- After the partial suspension of sanctions an IMF team visited Minsk and released ernment assistance to Belarus and certain on certain Belarusian companies, the Be- the following statement: “The staff team educational exchange programs. larusian Foreign Ministry anticipates that and the Belarusian authorities made con- In 2007 and 2008, the U.S. implemented all economic restrictions imposed on the siderable progress in discussing a set of economic sanctions against Belneftekh- country by the U.S. will be lifted.Belaru- policies, which could be supported by a im, a Belarusian petrochemical company, sian Foreign Ministry Spokesman Dmitry three-year Extended Fund Facility (EFF) which resulted in Belarus reconsidering Mironchik spoke on the potential lifting arrangement. Discussions on some issues bilateral relations with the U.S. and re- of all of the economic restrictions, which require more time and will continue from calling its ambassador from Washington, have been in place for more than a decade, respective headquarters in the coming D.C. However, these bans were eventually stating that, “The abolition of all will be es- weeks.” lifted. pecially beneficial for the development of Since the inception of diplomatic ties, In August 2011, a statement from the U.S. cooperation with the USA.” Furthermore, the U.S. has provided assistance to Belarus, Department of State website declared new a statement on the Belarusian Ministry of and, in most cases, forming this alliance economic sanctions against Belarus. Re- Foreign Affairs website indicates that Be- has brought about strong economic, hu- strictions were imposed against four main larus does not wish to curtail relations with manitarian, and political ties. The U.S. and state-owned businesses in Belarus: Grodno the U.S.; rather, the nation aspires to nor- Belarus continued to engage diplomatical- Azot, a fertilizer manufacturer; Belshina, a malize relations. ly in the 1990s, though their relations were tire factory; Grodno Khimvolokno, a fiber The U.S. ranked either fifth or sixth primarily economic and trade related. manufacturer; and Naftan, an oil refinery. amongst Belarus’s trade partners for several U.S. government assistance to Belarus The primary reason was that the Belneft- years. The bilateral trade turnover further peaked in 1994, when funding stood at ekhim conglomerate, which owned and reached an all-time high of $740.8 million Politics US-Belarus Observer 11

the other way around. A balanced bilateral trade exists when two countries have mu- tual trade benefits. In essence, trade and economic activities between the U.S. and Belarus remain arguably stable. Investment in the Belarusian economy has fluctuated significantly from 2011 - 2015, with $168.1 million being a record high. Despite fragile diplomatic relations between Belarus and the U.S., the latter re- mains a significant investor. Many Ameri- can companies have shown increased interest in doing business with Belarus, including notable investors like Navistar, ArvinMeritor, Siguler Guff, Microsoft, Honeywell, and Cisco System. Most nota- Trade between Belarus and the U.S. (Source: National Bank of the Republic of Belarus) bly, Microsoft opened a Belarusian repre- sentative office in 2010. American organizations also continue donating to aid in the development of Be- larus. In particular, organizations that pro- vide Chernobyl-related help continue their cooperation. In 2011, the U.S. became one of the leading donor countries for the Be- larusian economy with $15.1 million con- tributed. These charitable organizations provide medical treatment and recupera- tion for 1100 - 1200 Belarusian children every year. Currently, the U.S. continues to be one of the top 10 foreign investors within Belarus. U.S. investment in Belarus (Source: National Bank of the Republic of Belarus) Bilateral relations were highly fruitful in 2013 and 2014. During this period, U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Eric Rubin visited Belarus twice. The primary aims of his visits were to assess the general situation within the country and to hold negotiations with Belarusian authorities. As a result, both countries agreed to con- tinue negotiations and strengthen coop- eration in areas such as non-proliferation, business and human trafficking. One more prominent event that acted as a turning point of state-to-state relations was when a Belarusian delegation took part in the Belarusian-American Invest- ment Forum, in New York, that was held Foreign investment in Belarus in 2015 by different countries. (Source: National Bank of the in September 2014. At the conference, Republic of Belarus) American businessmen received informa- tion on the improving conditions for doing dollars in 2007. However, the economic in 2010-2011. Total exports of Belarus business in Belarus. The Belarusian side sanctions on Belneftekhim marked the end in 2011 reached $86.1 million with sig- emphasized the importance of lifting sanc- of the flow of several imports into the U.S. nificant growth in the volume of bilateral tions from its companies and making steps This resulted in damaging economic con- trade turnover to $642.7 million. Presently, towards the resumption of cooperation sequences for Belarus, as happens when a Belarus exports a variety of products to with the IMF. To further promote cultural reliable trade partner is removed. While the U.S., including glass fiber, oil products, and economic cooperation, two Belarusian the U.S. felt a slight repercussion from the woodworking articles, flax fibers, furni- honorary consulates were established in stop in trade, it has many international ture, optical products, and food. Florida and Texas. g trade partners, in addition to a good local As of 2011, Belarus imported more from consumers’ market. the U.S. than it exported, and it can be ar- You can reach Sergei Millian Efforts to revive the bilateral trade be- gued that economic sanctions applied by at [email protected] tween the U.S. and Belarus took shape the U.S. affected Belarusian exports, not 12 US-Belarus Observer Spotlight Politics US-Belarus Observer 13 Crisis of Civilization What Can Be Done? By Mike Morris

n 1918, the German philosopher Os- of their lives oppose humanity, and there- an extent that it stands as a symbol of the wald Spengler wrote a prophetic book, fore, they use bombs, knives, and bullets to beginning of the destruction of Europe, The Decline of the West. He believed kill ordinary people and themselves. which will extend to most of the entire that a world war caused the onset of The most intelligent people understand civilized world. Regardless of the pretty way Ithe agony of European civilization. The that Europe will likely be the first to die, in which some representatives of Western Nazis despised Spengler, because they be- but soon other countries and continents society pathetically talk, their appeals and lieved that their ideology would bring Eu- will follow. Intellectuals understand what dribbling left-liberal position have actually rope prosperity. is currently transpiring represents not a become a powerful impetus to the phenom- Spengler asserted that each civilization war of religions or nationalities, but a war enon, which appeared from the darkness passes through childhood, adolescence, of civilizations. The new civilization is ac- and began its aggression against our civili- maturation, and then old age. The mean- tually an ugly phenomenon, born from zation. People poisoned by half-liberalism/ ing of history lies in the fact that these the darkness of history, which wants to re- half-communism do not understand that civilizations replace each other, grow up turn the world to its dark past, to a world not only must they call for equality and next to each other, touch, push, and sup- of slavery, humiliation, and death, where freedom, but they must also ensure that press each other. In every civilization there there is destruction of thought and hu- those for whom they fight understand the is a period of prosperity and a period of man freedom. The paradox lies in the fact meaning of these words. For example, you decline. Each civilization has its own soul; that it’s not new, young people striving for may fight for the freedom to live and to love in the first stage, the soul establishes its possession of the world, but rather an an- your neighbor, while others understand lib- language, beliefs, art, science and govern- cient people, who once upon a time offered erty as the freedom to hate, kill, and rape. ment. In the second stage, the soul sud- bursts of science and culture, while actual- I’m sure that currently the whole world denly seizes, which leads to decay and the izing terrible devastation and slavery. And silently wonders who will be the next vic- death of civilization. Young civilizations this contradictory people, united by one tim, who will be attacked next, in the fight flourish as rootless wild flowers in the field; religion, created a ferocious mutant and between darkness and aggression versus elderly civilizations resemble a giant, dried forced most of their faith, and all other na- indulgence and spineless tolerance. tree projecting a huge amount of rotten tions, to live in fear. These mutant-people It seems to me that the world has two branches. Spengler listed these features of use the powerful force of darkness in this choices. First, to save the strength of the a civilization in decline: war of civilizations. A small number of soul, countries need to immediately come • “Massification,” defined as when cities peaceful members of this religion exists, together. This must be done as quickly as aggregate, and villages die. but they fear the ones who kill even their possible, without long negotiations. Na- • The modern citizen - newly nomadic and own, if they do not support them. tions must join together their forces, re- atheistic; primary aspirations are to The Paris and Brussels terrorist attacks sources, and determination, and must garner money and power, no endeavors represent extensions of this permanent war boldly confront the universal threat as toward heroic myths and patriotism. of civilizations. a united front. Specifically, I am talking • Before the death of the civilization, there I contend, as do those who are not os- about the United States and Belarus joining are wars occurring for world domination. triches in the sand, that people who do not together in this confrontation. • At the head of many nations stand fear death cannot be governed. They cannot All civilized countries need good friends, tyrants. be manipulated. The person who does not and these are actually dwindling. • A massive glut of equipment and fear death cannot be subjected, except by The second alternative: All the inhabit- technology. those who share their ideas, which take on ants of Europe and other continents, who Spengler’s pessimistic forecast for Eu- the form of blood-thirsty, soul-corroding have forgotten God, must stand together in rope, outlined that the continent would bacteria. Therefore, any ordinary person common prayer and ask for wisdom, de- decline and face death, against the back- protecting their way of life is doomed to termination and power from the Creator. ground of joy of new peoples and foreign failure. And as scary as it sounds to hear, Consider this ancient proverb: “Those who conquerors. Now that small part of the humble, smooth Europe is facing its demise. pray together, stay together.” world, unlike the ostrich hiding its head There is a proverb that exists: “They Unfortunately, I cannot introduce a third from danger in the sand, understands that danced and made merry, then counted it alternative, and believe it likely does not exist. the decline of Europe is near. The world has all up and came to tears.” Europe is paying In connection to what is written above, I darkened, and the sun has almost descend- the price, brought on by the consciousness recall the words of the 300 Spartans killed ed over the horizon. In the darkness, there of people in the name of “tolerance.” That in battle by the massive Persian army: “Vic- are beings similar to humans, but the goals wonderful word is now deformed to such tory or death!” g 14 US-Belarus Observer Business BELARUSIAN UNIVERSITIES Raise Their Game

By Stephen Hoare

alking a diplomatic tight- Supplement of the European Standard. By Turkey and Iran, Belarus has been host to rope between neighbouring 2018, authorities have pledged to develop over 16,000 international students from 98 Ukraine and Russia, Belar- a plan to provide free automatic issuance countries. us, a member of the Com- of the Diploma Supplement, in a format A sign of the changes taking place in Be- monwealthW of Independent States (CIS), developed by the Council of Europe, the larus, are degrees taught in English. These is adopting liberal market-led policies to European Commission and UNESCO, in degrees are putting the republic on the improve the quality of its higher education the common language (in addition to Rus- international map. Institutions like BSU, and to attract more international students. sian),” says Elena Dostanko, Director of the Belarus National Technical University The inclusion of Belarus in the European Centre for International Studies at Belarus (BNTU), and the Belarusian State Univer- Higher Education Area (EHEA) was dis- State University (BSU). sity of Informatics and Radio-electronics cussed and Although the Russian higher education (BSUIR) now offer undergraduate and adopted at the Conference of EHEA “five plus one” undergraduate and masters’ postgraduate degrees taught in English. Ministers on May 14, 2015 in Armenia. In model is widely adopted within Belarus, Teaching in English will boost Belarus’s its post conference press release, the EHEA universities are now trying to shorten appeal to international students. In April pronounced: “The Ministers welcome Be- degree courses to converge with the Bo- 2014, at the First European Quality Edu- larus as a member of the EHEA and look logna process. At the same time degree cation Forum in Minsk, the Association forward to working with the national au- syllabuses are becoming less prescrip- of Business Education, a UK awarding thorities and stakeholders to implement tive and more influenced by the views of body, signed a memorandum of agree- the reforms identified by the Bologna student councils and employer bodies. ment with the Belarusian government, Follow-Up Group (BFUG) and included in The Soviet legacy has been apparent in which permitted it to offer its qualifica- the agreed road map, attached to Belaru- Belarus, where, traditionally, degree syl- tions throughout the country’s education sian accession.” labuses needed state approval. There are institutions. “We welcome educational This move is an important step in an on- some issues that still need to be resolved ties with the UK because it is the moth- going campaign by Belarus to join the Bo- ahead of the Republic’s Bologna bid. “I erland of the English language. Being logna Accord, a system designed to harmo- think it is very important for Belarus (to able to study for a qualification that is nize qualifications and promote freedom of join Bologna) because we are practically internationally recognised offers our stu- movement within Europe. Russia is a the only European country left out of the dents the confidence to know that their member of the Bologna Accord but con- Bologna Declaration,” says Dostanko. education is the best we can make it,” cerns about political freedoms have set Be- The low cost of living and affordable commented Sergey Maskevitch, Belarus’s larus apart. “By joining EHEA we should tuition fees contribute to Belarus’s attrac- former Education Minister. Maskevitch is have achieved a number of reforms. For tiveness, as a destination for international now director of the Saharov International example, by the end of 2017, there should students. Four years ago, by Presidential Environmental Institute, a body affiliated be a legal basis for the establishment of decree, Belarus started to invest in building with BSU. The present Minister of Higher an independent quality assurance agency, student villages, in order to accommodate Education, former vice rector of BSU, Mi- in accordance with European standards them. Coming mainly from CIS countries chail Anatol’evich Zhuravkov continues and guidelines. And secondly, Belarusian like Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan but to push for a more liberalised university students will finally receive the Diploma also from as far afield as China, Vietnam, sector. Belarusian State Pedagogical University Business US-Belarus Observer 15

Of BSU’s 27,750 students seven to eight Deborah Trayhurn, an independent ad- respectively in QS World Rankings. Re- percent are international, mainly from CIS viser to the UK higher education quality gionally, Belarus performs much better. “In countries and including China, Turkmeni- advisory body, QAA, who attended the Eu- the QS Emerging Europe and Central Asia stan and the Russian Federation. Most ropean Quality Education Forum in Minsk, University Rankings, Belarus State Univer- study one and two year postgraduate de- believes there is still work to be done to sity is at number 40,” says QS regional di- grees. BSU’s four-year degree in business help Belarus meet stringent Bologna con- rector, Zoya Zaitseva. administration is taught in English, as are ditions. “UK universities have the scope to Zaitseva has noted a positive change in around a dozen masters’ degrees including set their own agenda. But in Belarus much outlook among Belarusian universities, in biology, physics and mathematical sci- more is laid down already and university and, specifically, that a younger genera- ence, foreign language teaching and busi- practice is centrally arranged and admin- tion of academics is keener to engage with ness administration. istered. Terms like efficiency, effectiveness the outside world: “Some of the main Be- BSUIR’s higher education diploma in and quality control are philosophically larusian universities have joined Scopus, a telecommunications networks and its mas- likely to be different,” says Trayhurn, who research index of scientific publications, to ter’s degree in information security in tele- is also a director of the Higher Education which all universities can subscribe. This communications, launched in 2011, have Skills Work consultancy. keeps research at the cutting edge, and this helped the university to attract as many as By joining Bologna, Belarus hopes to is a good sign. Also, academics are start- 15,000 more students. A third of all mas- attract European students and end its era ing to visit and play a part in world forums ters’ students and a fifth of all doctoral stu- of isolation. Small numbers have started such as the European Association for Inter- dents are already international. “Teaching arriving from Italy and Germany to study national Education (EAIE), and the Asia in English helps us interact with foreign highly specialized masters’ programs un- Pacific Professional Leaders of Education.” students and is a lot more successful than available elsewhere. But outward mobility She continues, “When everyone has un- trying to teach them the basics of Russian is far more common, and there are many derstood that Belarus is an open country, in a single year,” says BSUIR first vice- examples of exchange programs enabling these strengths will become more visible. rector, Dr. Anatoly Osipov. As a result of Belarusian students to spend a term study- People will see that Belarus’s education sys- this policy, the numbers of international ing abroad. tem is excellent. We are especially happy to students at BSUIR have doubled year after To boost numbers coming from the accept guests, particularly students. Con- year. West, Belarusian universities need to sider this, an American student will pay six Belarusian universities have also been become more international in outlook, to seven times less for education in Belarus upgrading quality management systems which means they have to publish and than in America, and, at the same time, re- to meet the ISO 9001 European Kitemark share research, in order to be recognized ceive a high-quality European education. (a service quality certification mark). “We in world university rankings. The quality Aside from a fantastic educational expe- were certified to offer ISO 9001 in 2010, of Belarus’s research and teaching, which is rience, they will also be interacting with and, in 2014, we started offering a four- particularly strong in science, technology, some of the most kind-hearted people in year undergraduate degree followed by a engineering and agricultural science is not the world.” g two-year master’s degree, in order to bring always reflected in international rankings. For more information: us closer to the European system,” says Dr. However, some Belarusian universities, www.studyinbelarus.com.ng Anatoly Osipov. BSU and BNTU, are in the top 400 and 700 16 US-Belarus Observer Business The Magical Cucumber Capital By Igor Mikhailov, journalist

village in Belarus shines as an ex- Amazingly, not a single chemical drop us, the girls are the same, and the elderly emplary economic miracle within goes into Olshany produce. The harvest are the same. the nation. The name of the Be- flourishes and is ecologically pure! Really, Yes, it’s all the same, and yet it is not. The larusian village is Olshany. Despite what do you look for in a cucumber? Of kids are like other kids, but there is some- Aonly having 8000 residents, the village is course, fresh, delicious taste, sweet fra- thing different about them. They live by an famous throughout Belarus, Ukraine, Rus- grances, and good looks certainly don’t amazing principle: Ask not what your coun- sia and even the rest of Europe. Why, one hurt. Sour or salty, pickled cucumbers con- try can do for you, ask what you can do for might ask? Because Olshany farmers real- stitute an important embellishment on Be- your country. People work hard here, but ized that successful business requires more larusian dining tables. Yes, the cucumber is do so happily, and, because of this, they than just hard work. It requires a fresh, in- an essential part of the Belarusian way of prosper. novative plan in order to provide a spark life. Slavic and European cuisines also in- The homes in the village are grand and for success. corporate cucumbers into many recipes. A beautiful. Young families build undeniable Harry Potter characters are focused on good pickle has even become the perfect palaces and drive luxury cars. They are not learning to perform magic and tricks. The companion to traditional American burg- building their wealth in order to relocate Olshany farmers did not study at Hogwarts. ers and sandwiches. outside of their native Belarus. They would Yet they brought something wonderful to Soon, the cucumbers in Olshany were rather stay on their land and enjoy the life on their land when they created their growing by leaps and bounds. Cucumber fruits of their labors. cucumber empire. A hybrid of two differ- lovers from neighboring villages and coun- For many years, a large group of Olshany ent economic systems – socialism and capi- tries, and businessmen and vendors called people have famously belonged to the Prot- talism – unexpectedly produced a marvel- nonstop, asking, demanding, and begging estant faith. Presently, half of the village ous fruit. And this is how it happened… to get their hands on the famed cucumbers. identifies as Evangelical. Followers comply The cucumber boom in Olshany oc- Of course where you find cucumbers, you with all the covenants of the Bible, which is curred in 1999, when Belarus instituted a will also find the rest of Belarus’s beloved a critical document that outlines their way new law that allowed farmers to lease land. cuisine. Many people came from far and of life. The communities are very close and Capitalism swept in to save the day for wide, so the locals in Olshany pampered rarely drink alcohol. As psychologists point those compromised by socialism! A group their new guests with fresh milk, sour out, the people follow a very moral lifestyle. of locals immediately obtained a few acres cream, cheese, meats, traditional borscht Locals do not see the phenomenon in of land and built greenhouses, where they (soup), and other local delicacies. Olshany as a mystery or secret. They know, began cultivating cucumbers. Since this Belarusians from other regions and dis- without a doubt and with faith and God’s cultivation of cucumbers took off, almost tricts wonder how the residents of Olshany name on their lips, that living well signifies as if magically, the farmers planted yet produced this miracle. The village seemed value and usefulness in the world. more crops: tomatoes, cabbage, beets, car- the same as any other in Belarus. The peo- Evangelicals first brought their doctrine rots, and even juicy, delicious apples. ple are the same as anywhere else in Belar- to Belarus in the 1920s. Belarusians who Business US-Belarus Observer 17

Evangelical Church in Olshany had worked in America and been baptized place over two shifts. However, the resi- code for living: A true Olshany, within there returned to their native land and be- dents of Olshany were unhappy with this his lifetime, will erect a greenhouse, grow gan to share their new faith. arrangement and built another school. fruits and vegetables, take care of his chil- During Soviet times, Olshany believ- An important characteristic of the locals dren and teach them to be loyal to the ers organized their life around evangelical in Olshany is their protectiveness over their Earth and the country. Farming rules daily principles. They tried, as much as possible, produce. Ivan, an elderly resident, explains, life in this area. No weddings take place in to shield their children from secular educa- “The cucumber, like a child, deserves re- the summer; such festivities are held in Au- tion. According to their doctrine, children spect, attention, and love. This is true of any gust, following the harvest season. did not join Komsomol (the youth organi- fruit, as they help man survive on Earth!” The extravagant weddings in Olshany zation focused on Communist regulations) One can definitely say that the inhabit- are attended by thousands, which take and refused to bear arms and military ants of Olshany enjoy success. This is the place inside a giant transformed green- service. At that time, military service was reason that young people remain in the house. A few weeks before a wedding, obligatory, and those who refused to join village. Until kids reach 18, they stay and relatives bring large refrigerators into the could be sent to prison. work with their parents, saving up for their greenhouse, in order to hold ceremonial Currently, the Evangelical church in Ol- own cars. The kids in the village all like to foods and flowers. shany is impressive in its grandeur. Built work hard for the good of the community, In Olshany, one will not find any dilapi- in the 1990s, churchgoers used their own the village and the whole of Belarus. One dated houses. Visitors from out-of-village money for the project. Even a glance at a might also note that Belarus enjoys the are not used to seeing so many foreign cars picture of the church relates its spiritual success of many thriving companies and in a Belarusian village. Additionally, shops greatness. industries, including foreign businesses and cafes owned by the Evangelicals do not The residents of Olshany have also found that enjoy a five-year tax exemption from sell alcohol or cigarettes. As an old woman, a solution to the problem of demographics. inception. This is also a marvel, not in the Lyuba, known by villagers as “Mama,” states, “It’s not just teaching the way of the church. area of cucumbers, but certainly in the “People say we have nice houses and new For God told us, ‘Go forth and multiply,’” realm of taxation. cars. It’s easy to explain: the people don’t explains native resident Yuri. The Evangeli- But let’ s get back to the wonderful cu- drink, don’t loiter, and that’s how we have cal families in Olshany retain a high birth cumber. Olshany is home to the world’s all this. Those who drink and don’t care for rate. This is probably the only area in Be- greatest cucumber “cult” of aficionados. the land, they won’t be able to even buy a bi- larus where children outnumber adults. On There are holidays to celebrate the beloved cycle. God blesses us, and we are grateful to average, families in Olshany have 6 chil- cucumber, poems written in its honor and God and to our country for everything that dren, and many even boast 10 – 13 children. happy tunes sung about the delectable fruit. we have.” Lyuba thinks for a minute about At one time, children had to study in three Olshany locals even joke, “Our cucumbers whether to add one more thought. She as- shifts at the school. The school was eventu- are greener than American dollars!” serts, “The rest of Belarus could also be as ally enlarged, and learning could then take In Olshany, there exists an unwritten prosperous as Olshany!” g 18 US-Belarus Observer Business

FEATURED OPINION PIECE

BELARUS'S INDUSTRIAL TECHBOOST VIA U.S. KNOW-HOW: AWIN-WIN PLAN An article by BORIS PARAD, an American patent attorney with European and U.S. engineering background and U.S. business litigation experience, is the founder of Parad Law Offices, P.C., assisting companies in cross-border litigation and financial transactions, and the Tekapult Firm acting as the U.S. state-of-the-art technology transfer, assimilation and monetization intermediary worldwide. Business US-Belarus Observer 19

he Republic of Belarus and more come a supplier to other countries of water, entific, engineering and technological is- than 20 other ex-Soviet coalition renewable energy (solar, wind, industrial/ sue-specific collaboration with U.S. private states1 desire to acquire state-of- municipal waste, etc.) and transporta- and government laboratories, universities, the-art technologies for their in- tion systems, etc. Such techboost matches foundations, and business enterprises. Tal- Tdustrial invigoration. The supply of high- American corporations’ constant goal to ented cross-border teams can adapt devel- quality goods and modern technology from cost-efficiently monetize their products by oped products for local markets, conduct many nearby Western European countries moving into new markets and expanding clinical medical, equipment or bioengi- is withering, due to declines in their indus- their exports, promptly receiving balance neered product testing/trials, and coauthor trial bases and technological innovations, due payments, obtaining low cost labor and patent joint product innovations and which are exacerbated by ongoing social and raw/processed material, maximizing discoveries. Technical knowledge absorp- upheavals, a diminishing work force, and asset utilization, and capitalizing on the re- tion routes include joint venture agree- diversion of resources for subsidizing mas- cipient country’s talent. Besides brand rec- ments, purchase or establishment of wholly sive inflows of state-dependent aliens. ognition and profit increase attendant to owned or controlled subsidiaries and R&D Belarus may catapult industries (by using additional sales, spread of tech knowledge centers, consulting expert arrangements, external financial resources) to the world- gains the U.S. companies’ goodwill in local machinery and plant purchases, and pat- class level via acquisition, co-development markets. ent licensing agreements. For instance, and implementation of U.S. state-of-the- Belarusian research and development America has a dire need for machinists, lab art technologies. Belarus would then be- (R&D) facilities may be established for sci- technicians, tool and die makers and other 20 US-Belarus Observer Business

ternationally recognized protection would be more effective than proof of transgres- sions via state courts. The Belarus government’s assistance may encompass expedited issuance of construction, environmental, transporta- tion, export-import and other permits, regulations and executive orders; provi- sion of real estate for manufacturing and research facilities; and promotion of proj- ects via government-controlled media. Financial and administrative incentives might include facilitating tariff reduction, streamlining of visa-related procedures for intra-country and cross-border temporary migration of skilled personnel, and setting out a tax moratorium. Courts now extend an unprecedented judicial comity to U.S. laws and tribunals. The Belarus Economic Court’s recent recognition and enforce- ment (by state agencies) of an American state court’s judgment against a U.S. de- fendant/Belarus citizen2 may bode well for potential foreign investors. There are many sources of funding for craftsmen, who could be brought into the ing, and renewable energy, etc. To attract infrastructure-building projects with at- U.S. or employed in Belarusian facilities for investments, each American state offers tendant technology assimilation. These long-term projects. incentives like loans, industrial prop- public and private sources range from mul- Any company in the world may manu- erty tax exemption, a new job tax credit, tinational companies, suppliers and chari- facture its goods in the U.S. Foreign/ Free or pre-employment workforce upgrade table organizations to private placement Trade Zones (FTZ), in order to amplify training. Setting up a subsidiary company programs for state-controlled companies profitability and facilitate cost-effective and or entering into a joint venture with a U.S. and grants. Project coordinators and in- expeditious products’ inculcation into U.S. company provides the FTZ-based foreign termediaries can facilitate project funding and foreign marketplaces. FTZ, physically manufacturer with a local skilled work- through a network of contacts, in order to located on U.S. soil, are legally deemed to force, an essentially non-corrupt judicial minimize use of or even increase the re- be outside the U.S. commerce and customs and administrative system, state-of-the- cipient enterprise funds. Thus, each coun- territory. Manufacturers use FTZ to duty- art electronic, manufacturing and banking try will educate and train its work force free re-label, exhibit, mix, store, clean, re- appurtenances, reliable intrastate com- and construct new and modernize existing package, examine, sample, repair, destroy mercial transportation, low energy costs factories and research facilities, by exploit- rejects/waste, and produce their goods. and other U.S. business attributes. ing sovereign wealth funds (via investment Foreign and domestic goods, which are Each tech transfer contract may include corporations) for global huge-return in- warehoused, manipulated, or processed in arbitration clauses, in order to take advan- vestments. FTZ, may be infinitely kept in FTZ, bond- tage of The New York Arbitration Conven- This techboost resembles the Marshall free and duty-free. FTZs are mutually ben- tion on the Recognition and Enforcement of Plan money conveyance for the post- eficial for the U.S. (fostering foreign invest- Foreign Arbitral Awards, binding the U.S., war resurgence of Japan’s and Germany’s ment and job creation) and Belarusian/ Belarus and other ex-Soviet allied nations economies, except that the subject tech- foreign manufacturers. as treaty-participants. Such clauses may nical osmosis is mutually beneficial for The U.S. government’s initiatives let provide that all disputes shall be resolved sci-tech transferors (exporters), who gain foreign companies participate in R&D by a neutral country’s arbitrators, per that jobs/profits, and Belarusian enterprises, and commercialization of new materials, country’s laws and rules; unconditional who receive proprietary know-how and devices, and products in nano-science/ compliance with and immediate recogni- knowledge-based innovations, in order to engineering/medicine, environmental tion and enforcement of the award by the spur new product creation and for national cleanup, solar-to-electrical energy conver- courts of all countries without re-trials; and economic development. g sion/storage, etc. Industry-specific federal non-compliance penalties including busi- incentives span from manufacturer’s tax ness operation injunctions, the freezing of You can reach Boris Parad at credits to EB-5 immigrant investor visas, the losing party’s assets, etc. Self-interest in [email protected] as well as grants for employment/train- a venture’s success and contract-based in-

1 The Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia Estonia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Geor- gia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. 2 The case is winding down in the U.S. bankruptcy and Belarus courts. In Re: Aleksandr Abramovich, BK 14-24708, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division MAX MIRNYI CENTER www.mmsc.by

MAKE FRIENDS, PLAY TENNIS 22 US-Belarus Observer Culture

Photo by Mark Bazalev

STEPHEN BALDWIN STANDING IN THE SPOTLIGHT Mikhail Morgulis chats with Hollywood star Stephen Baldwin of the Baldwin Brothers

e met in the lobby of a Hil- sion of my book, Spiritual Diplomacy. He there, so he walked over to the people and ton hotel in Texas. He raced commented on a chapter in the book, spe- simply said, “I need to talk with this man towards me, sparks of light cifically on the murder of Father Alexan- for a little bit. Come back in an hour, and I leaping from his famous blue der Men, “You write that the Father would will give you autographs and take pictures.” eyes.W People stopped to pull out notebooks, most likely forgive his killer. But what did When he returned we began to chat or any piece of paper, hoping to get an au- he feel before his death?” I answered, “He again. tograph. He wore a red shirt and worn out felt that, by dying and forgiving, he re- “How much do you sleep, Stephen?” jeans, with tattooed hands, and a gold cross flected Christ.” Stephen looked out from “Not much. Around five hours, maybe six.” flanking his chest. As he moved towards the side of his wise eyes and said, “If only I “Did you previously sleep more?” me, he shouted in Spanish, “Muchacho could play him in a film, understand him, “Yes, but now I take extra time to com- Mikhail!” In response I yelled, “Que pasa, and understand his soul….” municate with God, to pray, to talk to Him.” comrade?” We sat down at a corner table, while a Stephen heard God’s calling on September Stephen and I have known each other for small crowd stood off to the side and wait- 11th, 2001, when the Twin Towers in New a few years. He had read the English ver- ed patiently. Stephen noticed they were still York City collapsed, and it seemed as though Culture US-Belarus Observer 23 the whole world was ending. As a native New ing. She paid me no attention at all. So I also previously told me about your Yorker, he watched the insanity and, like so said, ‘Excuse me, but with your looks, you dream of visiting Belarus. I know that many other people, began to pray. God an- must be an actress or a model.’ She totally you have been invited to many coun- swered his prayers. Specifically, Stephen ignored me and pressed her nose to the tries. Why has Belarus become your received this answer: “This is all done by window (Stephen laughingly showed how dream all of a sudden?” people, but I come in love. I need you, so that she arrogantly turned her nose toward the “As a Christian and as a human being, you can tell others about My love.” window). Basically, I got no answer at all. I you must help those that are really in need On that tragic day, Stephen Baldwin, got off the bus. The next day I specifically of your help. Belarus is a small country one of America’s most recognizable actors, got on the same bus, at the same time. She with a very bitter history. There were always having already starred in 54 films, came to was there. Once more I said something armies from large neighboring countries believe in God and to put his trust in Him. about her beauty and again got nothing entering the country in order to fight each After this, he began to talk about God’s love. in return. So I left and decided it was not other. The people there suffered from this. “Stephen, I heard that you recently meant to be. For a month I never rode that Historians have confirmed that in World talked to Tom Cruise about Christ and bus. Then, once again, I took the same bus. War II, every third Belarusian citizen was His love.” As I got on the bus that time, she looked at killed as a result of Nazi occupation. It is “Yes, I did. Tom stared at me and asked me and said, ‘I have been waiting for you really unfathomable! Furthermore, this me, ‘Steve, are you okay?’ ‘Absolutely’, I for a month. I am not an actress or a model. number includes almost 1 million Belaru- answered him. ‘And you, Tom? Do you I am from Brazil, and I am a university stu- sian Jews! This is horrific!” see that when things seem completely out dent. My name is Kennya Deodato.’ I said “Yes, Stephen, history is often more of control, it’s time to learn about Christ.’ to her, ‘It’s clear why fate brought you here.’ horrific than Hollywood’s horror films.” Tom attentively looked at me and said, ‘I’m She asked me why. I simply replied, ‘So that “So I decided to visit this country and to surprised, but I will think about it.’ And I I would find you and marry you.’” meet this group of long-suffering people. emphatically told him, ‘Think with your “Stephen, I know that you and Kennya Moreover, you yourself told me that Be- heart, Tom.’” have two daughters together, and, as larusians are both humble and thoughtful. “Stephen, the big question: How do noted in the press, you are a good hus- In addition to this, I know that Belarus has you manage to have faith in God and band and you don’t compromise that.” given the world many great names. For still continue to work in Hollywood?” “Mikhail, God changes everything. He example, artists Marc Chagall and Chaim “You remember, Mikhail, how Jesus changes your soul.” Soutine. Actually, the founders of Hol- examined the coin: ‘Give to God what is “So there IS love in the world, Ste- lywood were immigrants from Belarus. God’s, and to Caesar what is Caesar’s.’ I phen.” Namely, Louis Burt Mayer. The Warner want to show kids, that is, talk to kids about “Mikhail, I remember your story, The Brothers were also from Belarus and later Christ, and let them know that they are not Last Interview, in which an old, dying ac- founded Warner Brothers. The ancestors of alone in the world, that He is with them. I tor recalls the places in his life where he Steven Spielberg and Sydney Pollack were am a former skateboarder, and I take a few encountered only love. On Earth there is also from Belarus. The great composers of young skaters, who have already given their God’s love for us, our love for God, and our Broadway, Irving Berlin and George Ger- lives to God, and we go to different coun- love for a woman or our children. God’s shwin, were from families that came from tries. We invite local youth to skate with us, love helps me be stronger and love this Belarus. I wanted to be in the place that and then I talk to them about Christ. We al- woman endlessly.” gave America so many great people.” ways get a few thousand teens showing up.” “What is your favorite role from your “Besides your knowledge of the peo- “Is it hard to do?” I asked. career?” ple and the country, what other purpose “You yourself are always saying that it “My first movie, The Beast of War. do you have?” was not any easier for Christ than it is for Strangely enough, I played a Russian tanker “Yes, that is really important. You know us. Yes, it is hard to find the time. But since in Afghanistan.” that I gather kids in every country, who God has become my main focus, there is “You are a Hollywood actor and a love to skateboard and perform tricks. I always time for Him.” wealthy man. You love motorcycles, sky- teach them the right, healthy way to live, “Not to change the subject, but you diving, and shooting pool. You have ev- without drugs and alcohol. Of course, as an grew up and lived in Long Island City, erything a person could want. I am sure actor, I would love to play in a film, where Queens, and I lived nearby in Forest you are happy. But if you didn’t have all the real Belarusian character is depicted, Hills, Queens.” this, would you still be happy?” including the music and nature of Belarus. “No way! That’s a great area. How did “Mikhail Morgulis, you told me yourself So, Mikhail, since I know how much you you end up there?” that whether you were in the foxholes in love Belarus, call me to go with you!” “Fate took me there. Tell me about Chechnya or in presidential palaces, you We said our goodbyes. He had to leave your wife, you met her in New York have never felt a lack of love or happiness. the next day at 7 a.m. to fly to Canada, and didn’t you?” You can be unhappy with millions, yet I, at 9 a.m., to Florida. We held hands for a “I met her on a city bus! I was poor back you can be happy if you have God in your minute and prayed. His blue eyes exhibited then, and I had to ride buses. I had just fin- life. You can reach out your hands to His happiness. And his last words were these, ished work as a Calvin Klein model, and wounded palms, and He will look in and “Tell them, Mikhail, when I am on set and I had decided to go to the movies. There answer your heart. He will calm your soul in the spotlight, I am not standing in front I was, getting on the bus. I turned around and fill it with happiness. You know as well of the public, but in front of God.” g and there she was, looking out the window. as I do that true happiness is not for sale I sat across from her and grabbed a pencil and cannot be bought.” You can reach Mikhail Morgulis at and pad from my bag and began to sketch “Well, Stephen, you have given us [email protected] her profile, right in front of her, and noth- many good thoughts today. You have 24 US-Belarus Observer Culture

Q: What combines extreme adventure tours through swamps, travel to stately manor houses, and expeditions to view old monuments? A: A fascinating trip to Belarus.

Tourism for the Body and Soul By Nadezhda Yushkevich

odern Belarus is the epitome A COUNTRY OF CASTLES tion, the Radziwill Chateau, as part of the of a dynamic, developing AND LEGENDS Nesvizh Castle Complex, has been desig- country. Within its borders, Of course, the history of Belarus ex- nated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In one can discover extraordi- tends far beyond the last century. Polotsk, Nesvizh Castle itself, rooms have been pre- Mnary natural environments, explore a host in northern Belarus, along with Novgorod served, in order to show how people lived of impressive cultural sites, or simply relax in Russia and Kiev in Ukraine, prevailed 250 to 300 years ago. A walk through the in the utmost comfort. Belarus features as a central point in Europe. Polotsk was vintage park allows one to observe monu- the largest natural swamp on the conti- the first Belarusian town mentioned in ar- ments, depicting members of the Radziwell nent, Olmanskie Swamp, which boasts an chival documents, dating back to 862 BC. family and their pets. At the same time, one abundance of unique wildlife and flora. In addition, Polotsk earned fame as the can listen to the legend of a hidden treasure Furthermore, the blend of both modern birthplace of the literary pioneer Francysk that still remains undiscovered. and ancient history enthralls guests of the Skaryna, who produced the first Belarusian Another UNESCO World Heritage site, nation. Even Soviet monuments survive book in 1517. Mir Castle Complex, stands as a fortifica- in townships. Belarus was once named the “Country tion near the capital of Minsk. A visit to this Importantly, Belarus is the geographical of Castles.” Each squire in the kingdom at- edifice allows one the opportunity to wear heart of Europe, as it touches five countries tempted to make his estate more beautiful armor and to learn how to fight as citizens and shares river routes to all points of the and exquisite than that of others. Unfortu- did nearly half a millennium ago. All of the continent. nately, even though restoration continues, architecture in this castle complex once dis- Let’s further explore this country, which many of the castles, palaces, and estates played beauty and elegance, but, presently, has recently topped several lists of up-and- now lay in ruins, following exposure to two budget constraints restrict restorative mea- coming European destinations! world wars. However, following its renova- sures. Consequently, the government has Culture US-Belarus Observer 25

Brest Fortress, in southwestern Belarus, site, where people used to stay after travel- memorably received the first blow from ing to buy grains. German troops and held its ground for over a month. By that time, the Nazi army SECRETS OF THE had occupied the rest of Belarus and used BELARUSIAN WETLANDS the territory to continue attacks on Russia. Belarus is the only country within Europe Brest Fortress stands as a symbol of hero- to encompass a wetland the size of Olman- ism, and today it draws visitors from other skie Swamp. Located in the southern part former Soviet republics, as well as Germa- of the nation, this region is often called the ny, Poland and Israel. “lungs” of Europe, because the swamp both The Khatyn Memorial Complex, which purifies air and moderates weather. Dur- shares a name with its village location, ing Soviet times, the area was designated stands in memory of more than 5,000 as military and aviation training grounds, towns that were torched by Germans dur- and, paradoxically, the trainings helped ing World War II. Underneath the complex preserve natural conditions. In other parts remain the grounds of the village where of the country, a vast number of wetlands Germans not only burned the structures, were drained and used for agricultural pur- but also the people within them. poses. However, under the protection of the The historic meeting of the American defense department, the Olmanskie Swamp and Soviet army at the German river Elbe, escaped horticultural utilization. in which hundreds of thousands of Belaru- Even so, weapons testing took place in sians participated, is also commemorated the swamp. To this day, bomb craters, along throughout Belarus. with rusted military vehicle parts and even aircraft, can be found. Therefore, Olman- expressed interest in foreign investors, who AGRITOURISM skie Swamp attracts many tourists wishing would be willing to provide financial assis- One hundred years ago, Belarusians pre- to see what remains of these former top- tance in the restoration of these structures. dominantly lived in rural areas. Today, ap- secret grounds. This coupled with the op- Investors would gain a positive financial proximately two-thirds of the population portunity to spot notable animals, includ- benefit, as well as the knowledge that res- reside within cities, which could be one of ing endemic birds, provides visitors with a toration would certainly have an immense the reasons that rural tourism (agritour- truly unique outdoor experience. Olman- impact on the country as a whole. ism) has dramatically increased. Farm- skie Swamp contains many secrets, which steads offer village vacations that include are included in many different legends and UNFORGOTTEN WAR delectable regional cuisine, horseback rid- stories. And one can certainly visit and Belarus became an arena for two world ing, workshops on traditional crafts, and touch these secrets with their own hands. wars in the 20th century. Nearly every vil- even hunting. Of course, Belarus has many other beau- lage in the country has a monument in The interactive Dudutki Museum in tiful places, where tourists can relax both honor of fallen Belarusian war heroes and central Belarus provides guests with the body and soul. Even hunters can hunt in the an obelisk commemorating the troops. Al- opportunity to create arts and crafts, as forests of Belarus, catch fish in old lakes, and most every village also has a mass grave. well as to touch and taste various prod- eat something that fills not only the stomach, In post-Soviet nations, the general popu- ucts. Handcrafted cheeses and beer and but also the soul with a sense of delight. g lace calls World War II “The Great Patriotic vodka can be viewed during production War.” During this war, the Soviet Union and then purchased. Handcrafted pot- For more information: fought Nazi Germany and its allies. In tery can also be purchased and makes for http://eng.belarustourism.by Belarus, this crucial period represents the a lovely souvenir of traditional Belarusian [email protected] ideological cornerstone of the nation. craft. There is also a historic millhouse on- 26 US-Belarus Observer Culture BELARUS WHAT A COUNTRY!

THE LAND UNDER WHITE WINGS – AN ESSAY ON BELARUS

By Aleksandr Volkovich, Writer Culture US-Belarus Observer 27

would like to tell you about my coun- For more than 20 years, a Belarusian with fire and swords, almost all European try, whose name is Belarus, or White folk music festival has been held under the wars took place. Who else could value Russia, as it is also sometimes called. name, Slavic Bazaar. Artists from dozens beauty and understand peace, in all senses I want to tell you about its vast forests, of foreign countries perform at the festival. of the word? Inumerous lakes and long rivers, about its The symbol of the festival is blue cornflow- Belarus is an agrarian country. Fall har- humble, hard-working people, who have ers, and the event takes place in Vitebsk, vest festivals called dazhynki take place as suffered under its centuries old history of hometown of the great artist, Marc Chagall. an annual tradition. On these days, locals hardships and ordeals. Why “white”? In Sometimes Belarus is confused with take a break and celebrate, while showing the old days, people wore white clothing, Russia, but Belarus is an entirely sepa- off the fruits of the harvest. The best bak- woven on wooden looms, from flax, grown rate country which borders Russia, Po- ers, farmers and mechanics receive public in their own fields, and cultivated through land, Lithuania and Latvia. It also borders awards and honors. Dazhynki take place hard work. Arrayed in their white cloth- Ukraine, which is in the heart of Europe. after the white-winged storks fly south for ing, the people resembled heavenly angels. The area of Belarus covers 80,000 square the winter. Also white because of the Belarusians’ bare miles, roughly equivalent to the size of Ne- Despite its abundance of forests, riv- white skin, like the white snow and the braska. About 40% of Belarus is covered ers, lakes and swamps, Belarus maintains trunks of birch trees. In Belarus the people with forests, and about 14% is marshland. sound roads and a well-developed railway are enlightened, filled with their belief in Like Vermont or North Carolina, Belarus system. Important transport routes pass God and of the dignity of man. has over 20,000 rivers and about 10,000 through Belarus, connecting the West and Belaya Rus, which means “White Rus- lakes. Perhaps it is this landscape that sug- the East. Belarus lies upon the crossroads sia,” is a tender and poetic name, which gests our country’s adopted nickname: leading to and from Moscow, and also be- perfectly suits my country. White symbol- “Blue-eyed”. tween Kiev, Lvov, St. Petersburg, and other izes light, clean, and innocent. Belarus is The population of Belarus numbers only European Union cities including Warsaw, not characterized by the bright colors of 9.5 million people. Most people live in vil- Berlin, Prague and Paris. the Mediterranean. She doesn’t have the lages, the countryside, or in urban dwell- It’s hard to know how many wars have exotic nature of Africa or the mysterious- ings. Some shtetl also remains, a shtetl taken place on Belarusian soil. The Ger- ness of the East. Belarus is a modest coun- being a small town with a large Jewish man Nazis in 1939, who unleashed World try, you might even say, of intellectual population. The remainder of the citizenry War II in 1941, invaded our country and beauty. This is one of the few places on lives in cities and industrial centers. Our left destruction in their wake. Thousands our planet where you can see an amazing largest city, Minsk, is also the capital of Be- of citizens were enslaved by the Nazis or miracle – the miracle of unspoiled nature. larus. Other large cities include Mogilev, sent to Nazi concentration camps. The Na- Here, in the very center of Europe, nature Vitebsk, Gomel, Grodno and Brest. zis burned thousands of villages and their remains natural, and human and moral At one time, the nation of Belarus was inhabitants. You can hardly find a person values are forever. part of Lithuania, then Poland and later in Belarus who was not affected by the One of the main symbols of White Rus- Imperial Russia. Any attempt that the war. In fact, during World War II (we call sia is a large white-winged stork called a country made to become independent was it the Great Patriotic War), every third Be- busel in Belarusian. Every autumn, these cruelly crushed by these sovereign nations. larusian perished. Think about that—every birds fly south and in the spring return to Only after the collapse of the Soviet Union third person. their nests, which they normally build on in 1991, was Belarus able to win indepen- The wounds hurt deeply to this day. The the roofs of wooden huts or in large trees, dence and autonomy. legendary Brest Fortress became a symbol and where they raise their young. Locals Since ancient times, the Belarusian pop- to the Belarusian people of the resistance believe that if the storks do not return, ulation, in spite of being incorporated into to Nazism. Defenders represented nearly trouble will come to pass. But they always other nations and forced to live under the 100 nations of the former Soviet Union, come back, and life continues as normal. rule of other cultures, has maintained its including Belarusians. Memorials to fallen Storks are the guardian angels of my coun- own language, customs and beliefs. soldiers and civilians stand in almost every try. This is why Belarus is considered an The genealogical branches of the fam- village and town. A more meaningful me- “Earth beneath white wings.” Children are ily of the great Russian author, Fyodor morial than the roadside cross and obelisk told that the white-winged stork delivers Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky, actually origi- would be hard to find throughout all of Be- them to their mother and father. nate in Belarus, specifically from the Dos- larus. One of the most beloved names in Be- toyevo-Ivanovo district of the Brest region, “Life has taught you patience, and pa- larus is Vasilyok, which comes from the located in Belarusian Polesie, near the tience has taught you to live,” states the name Vasily or Vasil, and Alesya. Vasilyok town of Pinsk. Pinsk, or rather the ancient founder and leader of the Spiritual Diplo- is also the name of a blue flower that grows town of Motol nearby, is the birthplace of macy Foundation, Mikhail Morgulis. He on rye. Tiny children and young girls wear the first president of Israel, Chaim Weiz- wisely and succinctly reflects the national wreaths on their heads knitted from these mann. Another respected political leader, character of Belarus and the Belarusian way cornflowers and other wildflowers, when former Israeli Prime Minister, Golda Meir of life. Belarusians display patience, persis- celebrating national holidays. The name was born to parents from Pinsk. tence and the ability to weather life’s trials. Alesya comes from the word les, meaning In Dostoyevo, you will find a monu- I would compare the Belarusian character forest in Russian. Forests are considered ment to Dostoyevsky. The bronze Fyodor to that of the vine, a flexible plant. Scientifi- one of the main riches of Belarus. Alesya Mikhailovich crouches, as if savoring the cally, the vine belongs to the Willow family is a melodious, musical name, just like the warmth, after a long and hard day. His (Salicaceae). Vines bend, but do not break forests which are filled with the music of words are found on the statue, “Beauty will and can survive the most adverse condi- chirping birds. Belarusian women love to save the world.” There is nowhere you will tions. This describes Belarusians almost sing and croon beautiful, lingering tunes. find more beauty than in Belarus, where perfectly. They endure all trials of life, while 28 US-Belarus Observer Culture at the same time remaining unpretentious, tive farm. For their hard work, laborers My father, Michael, hails from the village persistent, hardworking, calm and modest. were paid practically nothing and merely of Osmolovichi, near Khmelevka. He also My great-grandfather on my mother’s received a tick mark for each day of work fought against the Nazis and was awarded side was named Vasily (Cornflower). He that was completed. At the end of the year, many orders and medals. He died in 1979 took part in World War I and fought in if there was a good harvest and the workers from the sickness and injuries that he had the famous army of the Russian General had received enough tick marks, they were suffered. Brusilov. He lost an arm at the front line. given some grain. When the Nazis occupied Belarus, in- After the war, he returned to his birthplace, When the war with Nazi Germany began cluding Khmelevka, they created a large Khmelevka in Belarus. The name of this vil- in 1941, the entire male population of the number of ghettos, where they gathered lage comes from the word for “hops” (Hu- village Khmelevka went to the front to fight Belarusian Jews. These Jewish people were mulus). Their house was burned down dur- against the Nazis. Almost none of them re- then sent to their deaths at Nazi concentra- ing the war, and the well from which they turned. tion camps—Treblinka, Trostinets, Maj- drew water was dry. Wells become barren if You might ask why Belarusians fought danek, and Auschwitz to name a few. the water is not extracted regularly, and the against the Nazis and went to their death One of these ghettos was in the town of villagers had almost all disappeared. when their lives were already so hard. Klimovichi, not far from the small village The village stood nearby a small river, Wouldn’t it have been easier to surrender of Khmelevka. At that time, my grand- and, upon his return, the first thing that to the enemy as happened in many other mother Nastya and my mother lived in great-grandfather Vasily did was go to the European nations? No, it is not that easy. Khmelevka. All of the family’s men were river bank, where many vines flourished. We Belarusians are proud people who love fighting at the front or in resistance detach- He cut pieces and wove them into a basket, freedom. We, like the vine, bend but do not ments. During one raid, Nazi policemen then used the basket to catch some fish, so break. Our soldiers did not fight for Lenin and soldiers captured my mother’s Jewish as to have something to eat. Then he found or Stalin, nor for tyrant rulers, but we did neighbors, the Greenblatt family. All of a shovel and began to dig a new well near them, Tom and Sarah and their two chil- the burnt house, using his one remaining dren, were sent to the ghetto. They were hand. The ground was thick and stubborn then all shot. Sonia, another neighbor’s with clay, but Vasily didn’t give up. He lay- We Belarusians are proud little girl, along with her grandmother, my ered the basket with clay and bound the grandmother, Nastya, and my mom hid in basket to his body using a wire hook. Af- people who love freedom. the basement of the hut, where we kept the terwards he was able to use the basket and We, like the vine, bend potatoes. I hid in the damp and dark base- hook to compensate for his lost hand. but do not break. Our ment with Sonia for a few months, until Great-grandfather Vasily then made clay we were able to escape to a town where the bricks and baked them in a stove, and cut soldiers did not fight for Nazis rarely appeared. After the war, Sonia down trees in the nearby forest. He built a Lenin or Stalin, nor for was found by her distant Jewish relatives, new house upon the ashes of the old home. tyrant rulers, but we did who had managed to escape the ghettos A wooden house in Belarus is called a hut fight for freedom and and concentration camps. or an izba. He fashioned the roof of the hut In retaliation for saving the Jewish girl, from bundles of straw. independence, for our and after being reported by evil people, the Inside the house, Vasily layered the bricks native land, our birthplaces Nazis sent my mother to a forced-labor he had made to create an oven. Around the and villages. camp in Germany. She spent about three house, Vasily plowed the land and sowed a years in captivity in Nazi labor camps, until crop of rye. In Belarus, the word rye comes she was finally able to return to our village from a word that means “to live.” When the when victory was declared in 1945. rye is harvested, it’s cut with a sickle, then Grandma Nastya died at the age of 97. beaten with a grain stick, and then milled She was a quiet woman, with light eyes on a homemade millstone. These were flat fight for freedom and independence, for and calloused hands. Her eyes shone like stones that my great-grandfather Vasily our native land, our birthplaces and vil- cornflowers, in a wrinkled field of a happy found on the banks of the river. The grain lages. My ancestors fought for the fields, face. She knew so many folk songs and is then made into flour and from that flour rivers and lakes around Khmelevka, and loved to sing them to us. Kids love stories you can make bread, and that bread—is for the right to live on our land. In fact, we where good triumphs over evil. I wonder, life. fought for the same reasons that Ameri- do American grandparents tell such stories My grandmother, Nastya (Anastasia) cans fought for their independence during to their grandchildren? lived in this hut, and my mother, Lydia, was the Revolutionary War. I definitely want to revisit the land of my born there. Grandma had eight children. Grandmother Nastya’s husband, Illarion, ancestors. Like my great-grandfather Vas- Each of the children, as well as Nastya her- died at the front, as did almost all of his ily, I want to dig a well until I find a spring, self, was born with brown hair. Six of the brothers. Those who returned from the war and I will drink the water under the same children died from childhood diseases or soon died. Three of my grandfather’s cous- tree where he sat. I will build a home from starvation. Only my mother and her older ins, Thomas, Alex and Luke, died in Stalin’s logs, and I will wait for the white-winged brother survived. camps after World War II. They were sent stork to build her nest on my roof. g There was never enough bread or food, to the northern camps because they had but they did have a cow, and that helped. been captured by the Germans during the You can reach Aleksandr Volkovich Grandma Nastya, if you can imagine, spent war. As the saying goes: “Out of the frying at [email protected] her entire life working on a Soviet collec- pan, into the fire.” Culture US-Belarus Observer 29 Belarusinka The following is by internationally-renowned poet YEVGENY YEVTUSHENKO. Yevtushenko is also a novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, publisher, actor, editor and director of several films. He has been on the cover of TIME magazine and won countless awards including the presitigous American Liberties Medallion. Many have extolled Yevtushenko as the “the greatest writer of his generation” and “one of the greatest poets of the modern age.” He currently teaches poetry and European cinema at the University of Tulsa.

This is in remembrance of my Belarusian grandmother, Anna Ermolaevna Yevtushenko, from the village Khomich in the Kalinkovichi region. "Grandma Anna lifted her sundress, without any shame, and showed me the burns on her old yellow breasts: 'Look, grandson, this is from the Nazi cigarette lighters. They tortured me to find out where the resistance was, but I did not say anything...'"

This is taken from Yevtushenko’s poem Mother and the Neutron Bomb.

I carry the Kalinkovichi area inside my soul, And the Belarusian And also the whole world inside of me, And Siberian are united within me. But the number of countries does not matter, In fact, all of my poetry What is important is what I breathe. Saved my homeland within me, I breathe the village of Khomchin, The resistance, the Poleskye part of Belarus Where there are hatches without locks, Are more than just a craft. Where you do not want to be closed off, True, I was not in a concentration camp - That is why I am the way I am. But the camp was inside of me - I breathe, as though intuitively, Where is he, my grandpa, unmourned I swallow the ash from my lips, And buried in the camp? Smoke, soaring unseen I was taught to stand for all, From Khatyn’s black chimney pipes. The way I do for the whole nation, Guiltily without the guilt To my grandpa Ermolaeus I sense the smell of a gunshot’s blue smoke, I dedicate this war. The gunpowder from the rifle barrels, And the messenger of the resistance Both Khatyn and Katyn are therein. Grandma Anna, And I see the unforgiving From the swaying thicket, Ash of a multitude of people, Whispers to me, “Grandchild, don’t be afraid!” And, yes, the ash of promising, In a future without war Beggarly ideas. Let someone bring me The ashes raised me, Belarusian forget-me-nots And, although, I was impoverished from childhood, From the fighters’ marshes. Who can call us poor, And it pulses, like a tiny vein, For we are wealthy in our sorrows! Maybe the main one in me, I saw, in evacuations, For all who saved me, the debt My whole country, as a starving poor kid, Is somewhere deep within my soul. And I am unable to get used to it, that I am not from the writers’ circle, My country is no longer. And certainly not of the gods, I fell down, I collapsed, Simply just an obligated But my whole life, it is as though I am at war, Returner of all my life’s debts. g Translated by Veronica Grigaltchik 30 US-Belarus Observer Culture

A CITY BROUGHT FROM THE UNDERGROUND “BIRCH TROY” FOUND IN BELARUS

By Alex Volk, Historian Culture US-Belarus Observer 31

round 20 years ago, when Belar- Bygone Years, dated 1019. Berestye was a citizens of Berestye were Christians. The us was part of the former Soviet fortress city located at the border between people of Berestye displayed various skills, Union, there were shortages of the Eastern Slavic and Polish territories. It working as craftsmen, warriors, farmers, food and most other items. When- served as a major trade and craft center. The ranchers, hunters and tradesmen. Aever someone was able to get a hold of city occupied about 10 acres, and sat on the It’s amazing to see artifacts from people something as basic as a chicken, or if they Bug River of the present day border of Be- who lived 700 – 900 years ago and to realize found a rare article such as an imported larus and Poland. The population reached that they even utilized scissors! The inhabit- suit, they would sarcastically say that the about 2,000. The city’s defense included ants also used blades to shave, and their “pa- item was “pulled out of the ground.” wooden walls, earthen ramparts and moats. per” was made from the outermost layers of Even so, an entire city had certainly never Time can bury cities and even countries. birch bark. Children played with fabricated been dug up from the ground before. Then, The centuries flew past Berestye and cov- toys, and people made rolled tubes which almost magically, Belarusians managed to ered it under a layer of earth. By the 20th they could look through to see the stars. uncover a whole city, which was more than century, there was not a single hint of it left. During the excavation of Berestye, thou- 700 years old. When the German archae- In the scientific community, Berestye be- sands of different types of artifacts were ologist, Heinrich Schliemann, unearthed came known as “Birch Troy.” So who found uncovered. Having laid in the damp under- Homer’s Troy in Turkey 140 years ago, he “Birch Troy?” Who is it that can be consid- ground, without air, for centuries, the items likely had no idea that such a city existed ered the second Schliemann? have remained excellently preserved. Of elsewhere. Yet an ancient Slavic city from In 1961, young Belarusian archaeologist course, there was concern that the artifacts the 11th – 13th centuries remained undis- Pyotr Lysenko made the first attempt to find might disintegrate once exposed to air. covered in a Belarusian forest. In contrast the ancient city, which he pinpointed from At that time, specialists began to learn to the stone and clay cities discovered ear- archived historical documents, topographi- how to preserve wooden structures, and lier, this city, Berestye, was built of wood. cal maps, travelers’ notes and prior research the Belarusian government made the de- There is a legend about the origin of the of local ethnographers. It took years before cision to build an archaeological museum name Berestye. In ancient times, a rich the scientist got to shout the word, “Eu- consisting of a glass viewing structure. In merchant and his colleagues traveled to reka!” Around 1968, the site of the city was 1982, the Berestye Museum opened its what is now known as Belarus. The mer- established, and initial excavations yielded doors to the first visitors. The glass muse- chant’s wagons were brought to a halt when interesting results. Entire streets lined with um proved to be a successful experiment in the company reached a swamp, which the remains of log houses survived under- the conservation of large areas of wooden was surrounded by birch trees. The travel- ground. Street bridges, a palisade and mud monuments and buildings. The museum ers cut down the birch trees and used the ovens were all preserved. Various items remains one of the most popular in Be- wood to cross the swamp. To thank God of iron and other metals existed, as well as larus, and it is also considered one of the for their successful crossing, the merchant items made from glass, wood, leather and most unique places in the world. Berestye built a church on an island, where the riv- bone. With these findings, scientists also Museum has enjoyed millions of tourists ers flowed. People came and a settlement determined that Berestye’s blacksmiths from many countries over the years. formed, much like Fort Ross, along the manufactured iron, steel and weapons. Pot- Berestye and its museum of the same coast of Northern California. Over time, tery was widely created. Jewelers fashioned name can be found in the city of Brest (not coniferous and deciduous trees grew. women’s baubles – bracelets, rings and neck- to be confused with the French city Brest) Among them were birch trees. Beresta was laces. Archaeologists found masses of wood on the Western border of Belarus where the the name of the bark on the birches. Thus, products including wheels, rockers, paddles, Western Bug River meets Mukhovets. g the name Berestye comes from the word casks and barrels, and chess figures. Scien- For more information: http://www. beryoza which is “birch” in Russian. tists additionally discovered crosses made belarus.by/en/travel/belarus-life/ The first mention of Berestye can be of bronze and other precious metals, as well sightseeing/tourist-attraction-brest found in the ancient chronicle, Tale of as icons. These findings confirmed that the 32 US-Belarus Observer Culture

A CANDLE IN THE SOUL An Interview with Nobel Laureate Svetlana Alexievich

Told by Anna Borisov

(Reprinted with redactions) ed, a picture formed and the literary fabric the reactor. They had not been married for came together. For this I needed a plan; I long, and she was not allowed to see him Svetlana, how did you feel when you needed a new perspective on events. Oth- in the hospital. The soldiers said, “This is realized that your name was listed erwise it would end up being journalistic not your love. He is an object, subject to along with the great Russian writers or simply bad literature. I interviewed decontamination.” This story needed to be who have received the Nobel Prize over hundreds of people. Only 1 in 10 became heard. the years, including Bunin, Pasternak, a hero in the book. At first they talked “as You have touched Jewish people all Solzhenitsyn and Brodsky? they must;” they gave only what was nec- over the world, in particular the resi- I really have not internalized this yet. Of essary, as it seemed to them - the pathos, dents of Israel, with the resounding Jew- course, it was a great day. Truly it was the and they followed a canon. But I tried to ish themes within your books. And you best day of my life. For what I am doing – talk to them with the language of the soul. write about this with a sort of genuine it is enormous work and often very hard. I wasn’t trying to get them to convey hor- pain. It’s impossible to forget the story Since 1978, I have tried to realize my aim, ror stories. What I wanted was for them to of the tortured Jewish girl in your latest which has demanded a lot of time and en- answer these questions: What was this all book, Second-Hand Time. ergy. It’s been a difficult path, and I have not for? For what are we crying and suffering? As you know, I live in Belarus. We know always been sure that I have the strength to And each person had a bit of knowledge fully that the destruction of part of the Jew- pursue it. The realization of what I was do- about this. In each of my five books, I have ish population [during World War II] seri- ing took hold little by little. After I finished tried to understand, why did everything ously lowered the cultural level of society. my second book, War’s Unwomanly Face, start out so beautifully and end so badly? Until the war, we had magazines, newspa- and while I was writing Zinky Boys about I’ve always been interested in the theme of pers, books and theater in Yiddish. This all the war in Afghanistan, I recognized that utopia and man. disappeared. In the villages, people still re- this book would not be my last. It became Can one consider the wonderful Be- member the tailors, shoe makers, doctors... clear that I was following a Soviet person, larusian writer, Ales Adamovich, your And then in the 90s, we had a huge wave that I was creating an outright encyclope- teacher? of emigration, and you can really feel that dia of the “Red civilization.” Then the em- Yes, he has a brilliant and unfairly for- now. If so many Jewish people had not left pire collapsed, and that world broke into so gotten book about the war, Out of the Fire. in the 90s, our society might be different. many atoms. What is it like for you to go through And why, after 10 years of living else- You always emphasize that your work all this pain? You write terrible things where in Europe, did you come back to is not journalism, that it is literature, art. about war, about Chernobyl, about the Belarus? But hasn’t it grown out of journalism? dehumanization of man. When the writer Vasil Bykov and I left, I must admit that I have the ability to I always say, “How can a person work as we hoped that it would be temporary. I find journalistic materials. I was born and an oncologist for children?” I don’t think can’t say that I left only for political rea- raised in a Ukrainian village, and then my that writers are saints. Yes, it’s hard work, sons. No. I left because it seemed to me, family moved to Belarus. At that time, and yes, it is what I do. I’ve been in the war as an artist, that I would soon become one the war had finished only 10 or 15 years through my listening of thousands of sto- of those “favored” writers. When you are earlier. People still talked about their dead ries. Yes, it’s hard. I was writing the book close to events, they deafen you, spoil your loved ones as if they were alive. All in all, on Chernobyl for 11 years, and it was im- hearing and also your vision. For an artist it was like some secret – a secret about life portant to me to show that the world was this is a catastrophe. I left to preserve my and death. And nothing was true in the collapsing anew for people, when they si- vision, so that I could see the world, as well books. At that moment I knew I would lently left their homes, not understanding as other people. An artist needs “colorful write about this, and it was a woman’s why they had to when we weren’t even at people.” Then, both the executioner and voice that I could hear all the time in my war. They had to leave their dogs and cats; the victim become equally interesting. But head. And I started looking for people, they were infected. I remember the story if you are in a barricade, the only people talking to people, and then the work start- of a firefighter’s wife; her husband put out that exist for you are your people or strang- Culture US-Belarus Observer 33

ers. Therefore, ideology had to win. Even- sent them off to certain death! You know, That’s certainly a Russian line. Women are tually, however, I had to return to my land. when Joseph Goebbles first started saying always healing, because men are either at You’ve said in lectures that today’s to Germans, “Don’t go to Jewish doctors war or in prisons. Unfortunately, that’s our world is increasingly “moving right,” or or to Jewish tailors,” they didn’t pay any history. Russian and Belarusian society is becoming more polarizing... attention to his speeches. However, after made up of this. There have been victims Yes, we live in a time when there is a lot only four years, they were already com- of small wars, Chernobyl, and political up- of wrongdoing in the world; it infects ev- pletely behind him. heavals. I know this world well, but at the erything around us, and it’s hard for even So where does mankind stand? same time, I am interested in the “eternal the strongest man to escape it. What can We are still here. After all, there were and human.” You remember how the Russian you say about the people who have fallen are virtuous people. There were and are modernist poet Anna Akhmatova said, for these ideological epidemics? They are these kind of people in Belarus. There are “the naked man is on the naked Earth.” I’ve totally infected. Just recently a great direc- people who are true to themselves. They always been bothered by these two sides, tor was saying that what’s going on is right salvage human dignity. You have to say that what is eternal in man, and what is the – that Crimea should be Russian. Really? there is good, that there is truth. here and now. Yes, he is subject to the su- How can that be? It’s madness! And once Are your new books related to man- perstitions of his time, but there is some- I was asked about my attitude towards the kind’s search for this? Do you plan to thing in our nature that is shared and eter- “Russian World.” I said, to me, the great write about love? nal – that is the same in Ancient Greece as Russian world is cultural, and not the po- No, I simply finished the cycle. My in present day. For the books, I am look- litical world of Russia. genre requires a lot of range, epic canvas- ing for that person who is “shaken,” and That brings up the next question, do es, symphonies… If you move away from who can break out of the stream and think you think that the polarization of soci- the social and political themes, what else about what is going on in his life. He needs ety can be reversed? is life made of? What is important? Love to stand on his tiptoes. I think so, yes. In the end, if you read and death. There’s nothing else. I will try There are many people who say there the letters of German intellectuals in the to write about this in my work. I am going is an impending disaster. Do you also 1930s, we can see that they were in despair. to write a book about love and also a book feel this is coming? It was a terrible time and it lasted around about old age. After all, we are aging. In My friends are reading German litera- 20 years, but it ended. It’s true that human any European city you can see it. And not ture about 1905 and also the 1930s, when life is not long. only in the European cities. I was in Japan people believed or didn’t believe that At one of your lectures, why did you recently, and there is such a huge number something horrible would happen. Yes, I talk about the “dark side of art”? of people over 90. Old age is a new chapter have also had the feeling that there are dark We learn about the world through de- of a person’s life, and you need to under- forces that we might not be able to fend off. pravity. It is much more refined than stand the philosophy of that new life. I am All we can do is hope for the best. good, and its mechanism more polished. looking for people, I call them “colorful” How can one survive in this increas- Unfortunately, the human condition is or “shaken.” These are people who under- ingly cruel world? more accustomed to depravity. Here’s stand this philosophy and are trying to You just need to keep going on without an example: A person will say, “I am not articulate what it means. reservation. Teach children virtue. Live. Mother Theresa,” thinking only about Stories of love exist in the books you I don’t think hatred and bigotry will save self-preservation, only about their own have already written. I remember the anyone. Hatred only leads to hatred. You well-being, finding a thousand reasons story of the woman from your last book. need to keep your humanity. My grand- to justify whatever they do. Look, during She is in love with a man who has gone mother used to say, “It’s important to carry World War II, the Germans never asked to a Soviet concentration camp. a candle within your soul….” g the French to send Jewish children to the Yes, that was love – pity, suffering. There camps. They only asked for adults. But the is a popular, old song with the phrase, “A Source: jewish.ru French rounded up even the children and woman says, ‘I do not love you, I pity you.’” 34 US-Belarus Observer Culture

WHAT CHARACTERIZES THE SOUL OF BELARUSIANS? By Natalya Lenskaya

- And who travels in the swamps and forests, such an enormous crowd coming to light? - Belarusians. ... - And what do they wish for, oppressed for centuries? - To be called a people. (Poem by Yanka Kupala, People’s Poet of Belarus) Culture US-Belarus Observer 35

ur world is a giant being. The eyes to sleep if necessary. I am not just giving formed at the largest Belarusian complex, are the oceans, rivers are the arter- lip service; this unwritten law of hospitality The Minsk Arena, include A-HA, Duran- ies, and the forests are the lungs. can be observed in any Belarusian home. Duran, Rammstein, Sting, Elton John, Sha- And each continent and every ter- As a centuries-old tradition in Belarus, kira, Robbie Williams, Jennifer Lopez, Lana Oritory encompasses a unique history. An hospitality means that a person must give Del Rey, Chris Rea, and Eros Ramazzotti. individual purpose and soul belongs to na- everything that they have, and never dis- The concerts sell out quickly because we tions globally. A soul, and I know exactly oblige a guest. welcome our guests warmly and happily. where the soul of my country hides itself Participants of major sporting events re- Scientists, writers, politicians, diplomats, – in the geographical center of Europe, in peatedly stay in Belarus. In 2014, the World journalists and everyday tourists find a my native Belarus. Have you ever had the Hockey Championship brought many dif- delightful spot for themselves under the chance to look inside a soul? Let’s look to- ferent delegates to the country. For this Belarusian sun. Travelers relish in sipping gether and get to know the heart of Belarus major event, the entire nation prepared. birch sap, fishing in the multitude of lakes, and its people. There were 14 new hotels built in the capi- More than 2000 ethnic groups with dis- tal city to suit different tastes and budgets. tinct cultures, languages, traditions and New roads were constructed, local workers religions inhabit our planet. But only one learned foreign languages, newly designed nationality in those thousands represents event souvenirs lined shops, and chefs the whisper of spring in a birch grove, the honed their cooking skills and mastered screech of a stork in the bright blue sky, the fresh recipes. Like a huge, busy anthill, the rustling of the oaks in Belovezhskaya Forest work carried on in full swing in anticipa- or the sad sound of bells, scorched during tion of the huge sporting event and all the World War II, crying out, “Belarus, Belar- foreign guests. Interestingly, Belarusians us.” Our land, singed by the flames of war, readied for their visitors without financial lacerated by mines and grenades, drown- gain, but instead as volunteers. They pro- ing in rivers of tears and grief, and after- vided free rooms and apartments to the for- wards suffering the test of the Chernobyl eigners, food at the citizens’ own expense catastrophe, retained its purity, because and pleasant and fun excursions. We really The majority of Belarusians her name means WHITE RUSSIA. The wanted our visitors to discover a new coun- people here live with a light heart, for the try, Belarus, of which they had perhaps follow the Orthodox faith; souls of the citizens are naturally at peace. only known through secondhand knowl- Catholics comprise the The optimism of the public can be heard in edge. And we did it! How pleasant it was to next largest group. An the first line of the national anthem, “We, hear from surprised wide-eyed foreigners: Belarusians, are peaceful people.” Having “What a clean country!” “What delicious especially dynamic group lost every third inhabitant of the country food!” “How beautiful it is here!” “THIS is in Belarus is the Protestant during World War II, we know the price Europe!” Of course we already knew this, group. In the small country of freedom, peace, and friendship. For this but Belarusians, in our modesty, do not of Belarus, you will find reason, our little country of Belarus always boast about our strengths and achieve- willingly stretches a hand to anyone in the ments. We are proud of what we have, but 1,300 churches! world needing help, understanding, sup- it’s a quiet respect for ourselves, and for oth- port or partnership. We have come to re- ers. Or maybe it is a fear of losing what we alize that for other countries to appreciate have worked so hard to build. A stranger’s our nation, we ourselves need to know our envy certainly has destructive potential. history, culture and character. Since the Championship visit, tourism to observing unique wild animals, hunting During the early 2000s, the Belarusian our country has noticeably increased. Mu- for mushrooms and berries in the forest or Institute for Strategic Studies conducted a sicians arrive more frequently as well, tak- even simply listening to the blowing of the survey to ascertain which traits Belarusians ing advantage not only of the opportunity wind in the trees. Belarusian nature offers claimed as most inherent. The top three: to perform in places with great acoustics, generous gifts to its admirers. Those who • Hospitality but also in a country where they will be call themselves eco-tourists are guests to • Tolerance comfortable. For both world-famous per- us, and we become fast friends. • Diligence formers and Belarusians, the most pleas- The tolerance of the Belarusian people ant aspect of visiting Belarus is not doing can be understood in their quiet respect Other main attributes included kindness, an airport-hotel-arena-airport tour, but for people of different religions (there are spirituality, conscientiousness and bravery. rather enjoying the opportunity to stroll the about 30 in the country), beliefs, skin col- Although descriptive, these words are ac- streets of the capital city Minsk, to shop and ors and lifestyles. Belarus provides a home tually meaningless unless I add context. dine, and to simply smile and chat with lo- for people from 140 varied nations. The Hospitality is a special word in our lan- cals. We are so tired of being a flat dot on only requirements for those choosing Be- guage. If you find yourself at a huge table a map that we are thrilled by the attention larus as a second home are no violence to- piled with delicacies, after having the door of guests, those who taste and appreciate wards other citizens and to live according opened by a smiling welcoming hostess, our fine cuisine, notice our local culture to the laws of the nation. you can be sure that you are in a Belarusian and customs, and gift us with a smile. And The majority of Belarusians follow the household. This also means that you will you definitely need to visit more than once! Orthodox faith; Catholics comprise the be fed, kept warm, and even given a place Some of the many artists who have per- next largest group. An especially dynamic 36 US-Belarus Observer Culture group in Belarus is the Protestant group. In many the night of June 22nd, 1941. The negotiations between Russia and Ukraine the small country of Belarus, you will find pain and courage of Belarusian soldiers is further proves the harmonious policies of 1,300 churches! Interwoven into Belaru- embodied in one sentence written by an the nation. I recall when the leaders of Rus- sian faith is an ancient worship of nature unknown soldier on the wall of the Brest sia, Ukraine, France and the Germany met and ancestors. Along with belief in God, Fortress: “I’m dying, but I will not give up.” in Minsk in February 2015, and carried believers look towards other higher powers Even when dying, shot in masses, burnt out negotiations for over 16 hours. These and pray to these for a good harvest by giv- alive and sent to concentration camps to talks resulted in the Minsk agreement, the ing an offering of local foods. We also cele- be tortured and starved, Belarusian men, only legitimate peace agreement held by brate a special and beloved national holiday women, even the elderly and children, Ukraine. Many did not believe that the – Midsummer Festival. This happy holiday refused to give up. However, pain flows peace talks in Minsk would bring together is based on the myth of a magical flower in through the veins of generations of Belaru- all of these leaders or an amicable accord. the forest. It is said that the flower blooms sians, having lost 3 million of 9.2 million However, as you can see, our destiny is to from a fern on the night of the festival. If protect and defend others. a person can find the bloom, they will as- Kindness and spirituality, two native sume the power to understand the language sisters, also define the Belarusian people. of wild beasts and acquire an ability to find Having experienced much throughout our hidden treasure in the land. They will also history, we empathize with human pain, be rich and happy for life. Alas, the story can and we understand faith and love. We also only be a legend since none of the world’s run charities within the country to sup- 20,000 species of fern put forth flowers. port large families, children with disabili- And yet, each hot July evening during the ties, the elderly, and the seriously ill, along festival, some hopeful hunters go into the with many others. These charities exist woods in search of this flower of happiness. because of volunteers, who have given all This subconscious belief in a miracle is not they could to help search for missing peo- a game, but representative of the childlike ple, care for children in orphanages, love innocence and purity of the people. those who need it, and help neighbors who Belarusians have established a love of may suffer in extreme cold or heat. In Be- hard work over the centuries, whether larus, natural disasters such as tornadoes, hunting in the forests, toiling in the fields, earthquakes, tsunamis and floods almost or farming and gathering the fruits of the never occur. For the most part, the weather Earth. In spite of its urbanization, Belarus inhabitants during World War II. Even in this region complements the sensible remains known as an agrarian society. As- decades later, while viewing the Victory character of the Belarusian people, but, suredly, this is because the nation ensures Day Parade, my grandmother cries for the on rare occasions, flare-ups do occur. One its own food supply by producing dairy young soldiers and the veterans, who pro- year, Hurricane Javier brought violent gales products, meats, vegetables, fruits and tected the country from the Nazis. All her that took the breath from people, stung grains, within its own borders. As the Be- life, she has made sure to eat every morsel their eyes, and knocked them over. The larusians say, “A healthy person is a work- of food and leave none to waste, remem- hurricane also caused sleet and a snow- ing person.” Humans maintain a respectful bering the hunger during the war, when storm that blew sideways. Transportation relationship with the land, viewing it as a she had six children to feed. stopped, and many could not return home, nursing mother. Please remember one important fact: and were stuck on the road with no food Only once in history, during the chaotic Belarusians have never attacked any na- or water. Each day of the storm, citizens 1990s, did Belarusians leave their homes tion first. We have only ever defended our- became rescuers, offering those stranded a and gardens in the villages, in order to selves. And we protect ourselves even now, place to sleep or carrying hot tea to them. move to the cities in search of an easier life. in times of peace. We protect ourselves by Some people even risked driving, in order I remember sadly how my little, old aunt ensuring our independence and maintain- to take children to safety. This natural di- watched the departing inhabitants and ing our own state and freedom. We stead- saster united Belarusians. It also reminded prophetically announced, “There will come fastly hold onto our dream of living in a us of the reason that we all live for: love. Be- a time when you will miss your land and world without war. larusians also live so that we can be “called your roots. No amount of money can ease Our traits do not include aggressiveness a people,” as in the opening poem by Ku- languishing for the land on which you grew or unpredictability. Belarusians gener- pala. It would be so wonderful if the entire up.” And she was right! People returned to ally display a contemplative and sensible planet wanted to live for this reason. their homes as do migratory birds, back to nature. We follow the proverbs “Measure I hope I have been able to tell you a bit their land to build fresh nests. These days seven times and cut once” and “Think be- about Belarusians. And I hope that the every bit of land carries great value and has fore you speak.” We see what is taking place next time I travel that, when my country an owner. New homes replace dilapidated within the country and at our borders. We comes up in conversation, I will no longer huts, and Belarusians once again cultivate fear situations where brothers must fight have to explain where Belarus lies by de- the land, either to make money or simply brothers and understand that redistribu- scribing neighboring countries. No, we are for enjoyment and to please the soul. tion of land occurs at the cost of human not Poland. Nor Ukraine. And we are not And Belarusians characteristically epit- life. The ability to negotiate and hear your Lithuania, nor are we Russia. We are the omize power! Our land, specifically the opponent, whether friend or foe, no longer independent country of Belarus, with our Belarusian city of Brest, received the first exists in modern politics. That Belarus now own beating heart and soul. Please come blows on the Soviet Union by Nazi Ger- acts as a peaceful and neutral territory for get to know us! g US-Belarus ObserverCulture37

MAGICAL MUSIC FROM BELARUS COMES TO THE U.S.

The Belarusian State Chamber Orchestra – a synthesis of European mu- sic and Belarusian melodies – is a dynamic musical movement. Acclaimed performances by this world-class orchestra have included classics such as Mozart’s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, Grieg’s Two Elegaic Melodies, and music by Vivaldi, Haydn, Massenet, and Tchaikovsky. All of these wonderful pieces are performed with old-fashioned charm, elegance, and incredible musical ability. Often, the orchestra performs pieces with the Belarusian national in- strument: cymbals. It seems as though the thoughtful Belarusian national character appears through the sounds of these orchestral cymbals. These sounds include the graceful souls, the expanse of rivers, and the voices of the mighty forests of Belarus. In one particularly exciting performance, the orchestra performed music from the film Pink Panther. These classical musicians magically filled the hall with jazz, transporting one to the times of Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong. Imagine, violins were playing in such a way that a saxophone was entirely unmissed. In music, like in life, everything is decided by the individual. The Con- ductor of the Belarusian State Chamber Orchestra does not simply con- duct. He is like a bird that hovers over the musicians and calls them to soar into the sky. His baton is like a beak that can stop the music, slow its flow. Then, all of a sudden, the baton can move frantically, and, with it, the music starts to rapidly flow. The music bewitches the soul with impressions of the cries of love, de- spair, and dreams. The Conductor, a very talented Evgeny Bushkov, inhab- its the world of Music, and that is why unearthly sounds can be heard in the music of this orchestra. The upcoming tour of the Belarusian State Chamber Orchestra will occur in the Floridian city of Naples and will certainly provide a fantastic evening of en- tertainment for music lovers as well as those looking for something different.

Event dates: April 30th, May 1st, May 3rd (2016) For more information and tickets, please visit: http://www.stayinmay.com/2016-events/music-from-belarus/ Contact information: [email protected] or call 239.390.2788 Photo by Oleg Nachinkin 38 US-Belarus Observer Greetings An Anthem to Belarusian Women

In lieu of International Women’s Day on March 8th, ALEX POGORELOV celebrates Belarusian women throughout the ages and all around the world.

here were three of us: my Belarusian friend Ales, Mike, a are they Polish. In the West, I often hear that Belarusian women businessman from Chicago, and myself. We were sitting are defined as ballerinas. Many visitors to pristine Belarus come in front of a TV screen in a suburban house in Portland. with the secret goal of meeting exceptional Belarusian women. On the table, we had a bottle of Swedish Absolut vodka Among Belarusians, there are many flaxen-haired women with Tand a huge platter of fresh, warm Belarusian potato pancakes translucent blue eyes. Although these women possess many physi- called draniki. We were watching an event on the other side of the cal similarities, they differ immensely on the inside, and each one world in Australia – the Australian Open. Victoria Azarenka, a is quite unique. Even so, the most wonderful, shared characteristic top Belarusian female player, was playing in the final against Ma- of most Belarusian women is that they are not affected by diffi- ria Sharapova. What had started as an evening of tennis quickly culties and hardships. Belarusian women are naturally filled with grew into sports fandom. We saw Azarenka, not only her athleti- an enormous drive to move ahead, to win and to build a life for cism, but also her perseverance, and we were entirely consumed. themselves. She exuded a combination of natural beauty, femininity, emotional In Belarus, people tell a bitter joke, stating that they lie on the depth, and fearless determination. She demonstrated full devotion path of Russia, China and America, even though these countries to the game, as though her life depended on the outcome. Even her are on different continents. There is a lot of truth in this. From a name meant Victory. I thought then, maybe at that moment, I was geopolitical point of view, Belarus never stood a chance of survival. seeing what it meant to be Belarusian… For centuries, the country has remained sandwiched between em- Much has been said and written about Azarenka’s signature pires, with no access to the sea. This country was trampled upon by scream. It’s not worth focusing, though, on the nasty cliché re- the likes of giant neighboring armies, including those of Germany, marks of sports bloggers. There was something more in this cry, Russia, and Poland. Standing in the path of Hitler’s Nazi plague, repeated with each swing of the racquet. It was as if life began with Belarus lost a large percentage of its population during World War every punch of the racquet, and all the strength of this woman was II. But the country never lost its main asset, the reason it survived invested in each hit, along with an outcry of hope. I began to think through all its hardships – wonderful women. that maybe the entire essence of a Belarusian woman was reflected Throughout Belarus’s history, we can see many beautiful, heroic in these instances, giving life, hope and victory to these young but women. Perhaps, the most interesting point is that the women of great, magnificent Belarusian people. Every single moment of that Belarus were regular people, but can also be characterized as those game looked like a concluding chord of a sports symphony. who saved their country and defined their era. Each day, Belarus, a country of wholesome and brave people, The first Belarusian woman who comes to mind is Princess fights for its dream of having a good life and the future of its chil- Rogneda – the Princess of Polotsk. During her time, Russia, dren. And it has been this way for centuries, because little Belarus Ukraine and Belarus did not exist yet; there were only feudal prin- stands in the path of conflicting European giants. Many days in cipalities. Novgorod was what would become Russia, Kiev would Belarus’s history have been days that determined the fate of its his- become Ukraine, and the city of Polotsk was the precursor for tory. For many people, this tragic past of Belarus is unknown. what would become Belarus. Wedged between pagan Novgorod In the four decades of my life, I have personally known quite a and Orthodox Kiev, Polotsk became the quintessence of freedom few Belarusian women. They are not Russian, not Ukrainian, nor and acceptance of all people and religions. Rogneda developed Greetings US-Belarus Observer 39

Victoria Azarenka into a great diplomat, stopped a war, reconciled princes and came 1760, entitled The Adventures of My Life. Halpir worked as both to be known as the most influential woman of her time. a doctor and a writer, and her travel memoirs about Vienna, Istanbul and St. Petersburg are striking, both on the written ST. EUPHROSYNE OF POLOTSK and historical scale. Ideas related to liberation and the emanci- pation of Belarusian women soon attracted many followers to A 12th century princess of Polotsk, Euphrosyne, became a nun Halpir, who defended not only individual rights and freedom at age 12 and spent her life helping the poor and building churches for women, but also national values and the independence of and monasteries across Belarus. She was a phenomenal woman, her country. and she used her great teaching abilities to develop literacy and set Let’s not forget outstanding Belarusian gymnast, Olga Korbut, the foundation for what is now known as human rights. Euphro- who won four Olympic gold medals, three of them at the 1972 syne additionally established educational centers in Belarus, where Olympic Games in Munich. That same year, Korbut was recog- the concepts of national independence and individual sovereignty nized as the best athlete in the world. were laid out long before they were presented in Western Europe. I could go on and on about Belarusian women, turning this It’s worth mentioning that she is considered the first female author, piece into an essay on the history of women in Belarus. But let’s believed to have written the book The Life of Euphrosyne of Polotsk. go back to that day in 2012 when I started this article. I remem- She died while on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and her relics were ber how crazy-happy we were when Azarenka won her first only returned to Belarus in 1910. The canonized Euphrosyne en- Australian Open Title. Even happier, that Sharapova, a Belaru- dures as the heavenly patroness of Belarus. sian by blood, was there fighting for the title as well. Scream for scream. Hit for hit. Although Sharapova is now a highly paid SOFIA KOVALEVSKAYA athlete and tennis legend, her path tragically began in the Be- larusian city of Gomel on an April day in 1986, when a nuclear The world’s first female professor of mathematics descended disaster took place in the Chernobyl power plant. Her family from a noble Belarusian family and spent her childhood in the took the difficult path to victory in life, the path to phenomenal Vitebsk province of Belarus. When she was 11 years old, the walls success, for which they had to lay it all on the line. Essentially, of her room were covered with pages of lecture notes on differen- this was a path of faith and devotion, which many years later tial and integral analysis, forming what was her early preparation would see Sharapova become a huge success on tennis courts for calculus. She became the first woman to hold a doctorate in all over the world. mathematics in Europe, and her work focused on mathematical The episode I just recounted is one of the most striking examples analysis, mechanics and astronomy. of life in this country. Belarusian women have preserved the nation and gifted the world to their people. REGINA SALOMÉE HALPIR Every nation boasts beautiful women. But Belarusian women remain special in their softness, unblemished beauty and the rich- Regina Salomée Halpir of Novgorod was an entirely new ness of their internal world. Don’t believe me? Come to Belarus kind of woman. She authored the famous book, published in and see for yourself! g 40 US-Belarus Observer Connection BELARUSIAN CHILDREN AT THE FOREFRONT By Veronica Grigaltchik

he Belarusian government has taken CBridge International has been helping Americans have always been praised for many initiatives to protect all Belaru- orphanages in Belarus for over 25 years. helping people that are sick, poor, and who Tsian children – especially if they have Importantly, the orphanages that are sup- are suffering, even those who suffer in oth- no one else to protect them. Over a decade ported provide a home for sick children, er countries. It only costs $2 dollars a day ago, the government took a “U-turn” on including children born with both physi- to feed a child in these orphanages. That orphanages and has aided children using cal and mental disabilities. Truly, these means that for only $100 dollars a day, 50 many different measures. For example, children are the most unfortunate group of children can be fed! since 2004, the government has been able to people on the planet. Some children who CBridge International is always looking assist many Belarusian babies, by redirect- are helped are those that are blind from for funding from private donors, in order to ing funds into the development of a foster birth. There are also children who are born help make the lives of these children easier. care system and into the prevention of the without arms and legs, who have never There are about 1000 sick children living in breakdown of families. In 2011, the gov- been able to leave their beds. These chil- the nine supported orphanages. Those who ernment also created a database and post- dren are unable to share their suffering and want to help these children, please send do- orphanage care, for those who leave the or- loneliness. Furthermore, they are deprived nations to the following address: CBridge phanages at 17 and face new vulnerabilities, of their parents, as they are orphans. International, 12363 Hernando Rd., North including in employment and housing. CBridge International continues to send Port, FL. 34287. In return, donors will re- Despite the numerous measures taken by much-needed medicine, food, vitamins, ceive a receipt for their donation. the government, Belarusian orphans still and specially-designed mobility equip- In our world, where there are endless require a great deal of help. “About 4000 ment to children in Belarus from America. armed conflicts, where human lives are no children are annually losing parental care Importantly, this aid helps these children longer valued, each American can continue for various reasons,” said Yuri Emelianenko, feel loved. to preserve the strong national spirit of giv- Department Head for Social and Educa- The organization shared this statement: ing, by helping those in need of uncondi- tional Work at the Ministry of Education. “If we help disabled orphans, then God will tional support. Undoubtedly, lives can be Furthermore, the Chernobyl disaster has help our own children! The hardest part is dramatically changed, even when love is cast a long-shadow on the lives of innocent leaving the orphanages. We see the children, sent from thousands of miles away. g Belarusian children, with 70% of the fallout who are able to, standing in the windows. affecting the small country. Many children They look at us driving away and start to cry. You can reach Veronica Grigaltchik at are still born with congenital defects because This is the same way in which we used to cry [email protected] of their parent’s exposure to the radiation. as children when our parents left us.” Connection US-Belarus Observer 41

Parenting Tips From Readers

Your kids are not your kids. Why? They are the hosts of their own lives and destinies. They enter this world through you, but not for you. Even if they are with you right now, they do not belong to you. You can give them your love, but not your mind. This is because they have their own minds. You can shelter their bodies, but not their souls. Their souls belong to the FUTURE, where YOU are unable to see, even in your dreams. You can try to be like them, but do not try to do the opposite! Life does not go backwards, it always rushes forward. We all love children, and they love us, but we only fully belong to our Creator. 42 US-Belarus Observer Science

STORKS SYMBOL OF BELARUS

By Marie Lancaster

hich bird is considered the like South Africa, but return home around Only the strongest young storks will be symbol of Belarus? A bird March. After a hard journey of thousands able to take part in the fall migration. Due that denotes peace, love, and of miles, male storks are able to find their to sibling competition, the weakest chicks childbirth. Of course, it is the nests from the previous year. often fall out of the nest and do not survive. stork,W and thousands of storks make Be- A few days later, they are joined by their The parents do not help these chicks. In larus their home. female companions, with whom they mate fact, parents can even push out extra chicks Beginning in the spring and ending in for life. Right away, they begin fixing their from their nest, if there is not enough avail- late summer, storks fly into the sky above nests. Next, mating occurs and afterwards able food. Belarusian villages, from their nests on the laying of eggs. Males and females alter- Storks do not sing. Their “song” is es- the roofs of rural farmhouses. Locals often nately incubate their eggs. Chicks appear sentially the snapping of their beaks. The place platforms on roofs or poles, so that it only a month later and, for their parents, a chicks try to imitate their parents by com- is easier for the birds to roost. In Belarus, busy season ensues. municating this way, despite the fact that a large number of storks arrive, specifically These large, beautiful birds only live in their beaks are still too soft for actual snap- for the purpose of nesting. places where there is a plethora of food. ping. The sounds are heard from the nests Storks are a fantastic symbol of this Safety during nesting is only part of a every morning and evening. Locals really small country, as in a very minimal area of stork’s problem, since they must feed their can make do without alarm clocks, since 60 miles, up to 100 pair of storks can live ever-hungry young. Little chicks are diffi- the storks will never fail to wake them up and nest together! The larger villages can cult to satiate, requiring many worms and at sunrise. even accommodate over a dozen nests. insects. However, just two months later, the Once upon a time, the birds settled in These storks overwinter in warmer areas chicks fledge and try to fly away. forest trees. However, as the marshes were Science US-Belarus Observer 43

drained, the food supply declined, and colony is not only impressive in its number storks increasingly settled closer to hu- of residents, but also because the storks do mans. They could be found feeding in fields not build their nests on man-made plat- and pastures. This is because in the uncut In the center of any forms, as is common in residential areas, tall grass of wild pastures, finding insects Belarusian’s heart lies the but on the sides of trees, in a very special is much more difficult than in agricultural stork, which is called busel, way. There is even a unique tree with eight lands and pastures, where grass is much white stork nests! shorter. and this bird holds a special In the center of any Belarusian’s heart The birds are now used to finding food place there. Storks are a lies the stork, which is called busel, and in the farmlands, and they willingly part of many superstitions, this bird holds a special place there. settle side by side with humans. Official Storks are a part of many superstitions, accounts of white storks indicate that omens and traditions, and omens and traditions, and are an impor- their nesting habitats are human home- are an important part of tant part of village life. Most residents do steads, neighboring flood plains and open village life. Most residents not mind having a nest on their roofs. marshes. do not mind having a nest Belarusians believe that where storks set- However, this does not mean that storks tle, there are often more children born. are unable to live in wild surroundings, in- on their roofs. Many Belarusians also say that storks dependent of humans. There is a colony of bring the spring with them and often link white storks inhabiting Belovezhskaya For- good events to these wonderful, feathery est, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This neighbors. g 44 US-Belarus Observer Sport

PLAYER PROFILE MAX MIRNYI MORE THAN JUST A TENNIS LEGEND

By Gregory Miller

ho is Max Mirnyi? The word fantastic singles career, finishing in the Top Mirnyi’s early career was one that many mirnyi translates to “peaceful” 50 in the ATP World Tour Rankings for athletes can relate to, as he faced substan- in Russian, and, as someone seven consecutive years. tial financial pressures. He recalled these who has met this great athlete, He has also excelled at international team difficult times: “We went to ‘satellite’ ten- IW can attest to Mirnyi’s peaceful nature in per- competitions. Max has been the leader of nis tournaments with less than 50 dollars. son. When he talks about his work off court, the Davis Cup team for more than 22 years I would play my matches, earn 300 dollars he expresses his ideas in a profound but calm and immensely contributed to the team’s or so when I would win, and then my dad way. However, on the court, Mirnyi is any- success. He has also shined as an Olympi- and I would check into a modest motel. If thing but mirnyi. He is a relentless fighter. an, winning Gold in 2012. Mirnyi keeps on I exited the tournament early and we had a playing and recently made it to the Quar- few days until the next tournament starts, MAX TO THE MAX terfinals in the Australian Open. we lived in the car.” Talk about full throttle, and with no end However, by the late 90’s, after Mirnyi won I return to the original question. Just ex- in sight! his first two Grand Slam tournaments at actly who is Max Mirnyi? Well, to start, he Wimbledon and the US Open, he was gain- is a fantastic tennis player with career lon- THE JOURNEY ing popularity. He was officially appointed gevity not often seen in the sports world. TO GREATNESS National Goodwill UN Ambassador of the More specifically, he is one of the best Republic of Belarus in December 2002. doubles players in the history of the game. Max Mirnyi’s tennis career started at Following Mirnyi’s top doubles ranking He has repeatedly topped rankings in an early age, when he was only six years in 2003, Nikolai Mirnyi published a book doubles, starting with his first top doubles old. His father, Nikolai Mirnyi, chose the about his son’s tennis career called “Mirnyi ranking in 2003. He currently holds 10 sport for his son and has accompanied Tennis.” In 2004, Max married Kseniya and Grand Slam titles (six doubles, four mixed him throughout the years. As a young but they have had four children together: Mel- doubles). He has won 50 ATP tourna- talented player, Mirnyi attended the well- anie, Peter, Demid, and Trophym. ments. While Mirnyi is now considered known IMG Tennis Academy in Florida, After defeating the Russian team in 2004, a doubles specialist, he has also enjoyed a headed by Nick Bollettieri. Mirnyi was awarded the highest govern- Sport US-Belarus Observer 45 46 US-Belarus Observer Sport

ment award given to a civilian, the Order this time with Canadian partner Daniel Mirnyi had played a total of 90 matches in “For Merit to the Fatherland,” because of Nestor (2011 and 2012). 51 meetings as part of the Belarus team in his outstanding contributions to the na- Mirnyi successfully won the Wimble- the Davis Cup competition. tion. In 2013, Mirnyi was also awarded the don Title in Mixed Doubles with partner Mirnyi has also been an Olympian four Tennis Europe Award for his significant Serena Williams in 1998. At the US Open, times, participating in Sydney, Athens, Bei- contribution to the development and pro- Mirnyi also won the doubles competition jing, and in London. At the 2012 Olympics motion of tennis in all of Europe. in 2000 with the famous Australian ten- in London, Mirnyi won Gold in Mixed nis player Lleyton Hewitt and, in 2002, Doubles with top Belarusian female tennis CAREER HIGHLIGHTS with Indian player Mahesh Bhupahti. In player Victoria Azarenka. Mixed Doubles, Mirnyi was also victorious Among Mirnyi’s greatest victories, sever- in NYC three times. In 1998, with Serena FROM TENNIS STAR TO al events stand out: the French Open (Ro- Williams, in 2007, with Victoria Azarenka, SCHOLAR AND GOODWILL land Garros), Wimbledon, the US Open, and in 2013 with Andrea Hlavackova. AMBASSADOR the Davis Cup, and the Olympics. Mirnyi’s victories at the Davis Cup were Mirnyi won at Roland Garros a total of not only important to him, but also for Following his appointment as National four times. His first two wins were con- the nation of Belarus as a whole. Almost Goodwill UN Ambassador in 2002, Mirnyi secutive in 2005 and 2006 with a Swedish all of Belarus’s successes at the Davis Cup chose to study International Relations and doubles partner, Jonas Björkman. These were associated with Mirnyi. In 1994, he International Law at the Belarusian State two finals were especially exciting, as joined the Belarusian team, which had, University (BSU). In 2008, Mirnyi com- Mirnyi and his partner faced off with the at the time, only gotten as far as the 3rd pleted his Bachelor’s degree. Following this, famous American Bryan brothers, Bob Round of the Europe/Africa Group. How- Mirnyi became a United Nations Children’s and Mike, at both finals. The Bryan broth- ever, together with Vladimir Voltchkov, Fund (UNICEF) Goodwill Ambassador in ers have always been Mirnyi’s most serious Mirnyi led the team to the World Group of 2011. Although generally advocating for contenders. Throughout his career, he has Davis Cup. In 2004 and 2005, the Belaru- children’s rights, UNICEF campaigns are played against them in the finals of 15 dif- sian team defeated Argentina, Russia, and varied and target all aspects of children’s ferent tournaments with an overall record Spain, thereby advancing to the semifinals lives including health, education, dignity of seven wins and eight losses. Following of the tournament. These were, by far, the and protection. five years of no success at Roland Garros, most successful years for the Belarusian In response to his appointment, Mirnyi Mirnyi was again able to secure consecu- team in the Davis Cup. The strong Belaru- said, “Undoubtedly it is a significant mile- tive victories at Roland Garros, although sian team lasted until 2007, and, by now, stone in my life, and I treat it as a great re- Sport US-Belarus Observer 47

sponsibility. I have an excellent relationship sian children,” said Yuri Oksamitniy, UNI- personal development. Oksamitniy stated with my Dad, and I, myself, am a father of CEF Belarus Representative. “The objective of the campaign is to provide four kids. That is why I have an acute sen- As an athlete, Mirnyi is an obvious adolescents and youth with simple and eas- tience to children’s needs all over the world, choice as a role model for young kids and ily available tools for doing sports: tools that particularly in Belarus. I wish that every adolescents. His story is one based on the demand no sophisticated equipment, pro- child had a harmonious life. In the role of relentless pursuit of victory, and includes fessional settings or financial expenditures. UNICEF Ambassador, I will do my utmost an emphasis on both professional and per- It is important to motivate young people to to turn it into a reality and to make chil- sonal development. Simply put, Mirnyi exercise systematically at least three to four dren’s lives as happy as possible.” never settled for anything less than his best, times a week for about 30-40 minutes. This Although he was officially appointed in even from an early age. will contribute to the promotion of their 2011, Mirnyi had already supported many His passion for children’s health resonates health and wellbeing.” UNICEF activities in Belarus for several in his work with UNICEF. He was an inte- Mirnyi will continue to use his fame in prior years. He had assisted with many gral part of a national exercise awareness order to promote UNICEF’s overall mis- fundraising events, including those ben- campaign in Belarus known as Being Fit is sion of attracting attention to Belarus’s efiting children suffering from cancer. He Easy (2012 – 2014). The campaign was im- most vulnerable children. Recently, he has also regularly participated in many differ- plemented in a partnership between UNI- worked on a campaign targeted at prevent- ent UNICEF campaigns such as those pro- CEF and the Ministry of Education of the ing child abuse called Playroom without moting healthy living, legal education for Republic of Belarus. Billboards were placed Violence. children and early childhood development all over the country, providing tips on how Mirnyi is always on top of his general fit- approaches. to easily and effectively use the urban en- ness, often dedicating his off-court efforts “UNICEF Belarus has been cooperating vironment for daily exercise. Tips included to the importance of training routines. with Max Mirnyi for several years. He has how to effectively jog in parks, and how to In the Belarusian town of Svietlahorsk, always demonstrated genuine commitment use city structures such as steps and benches Mirnyi gave a master class for young tennis to building a better world for children and as well as school stadiums. Video trainings players. Every child was able to do a foot- has set a personal example of what it means were made available and distributed across work/tennis specific drill with the UNICEF to be a good son and father. Thus, appoint- educational institutions via the Ministry of Ambassador. He then visited the Rehabili- ment of Max Mirnyi as UNICEF National Education. The campaign also consisted of tation Centre for Children with Special Ambassador is a logical step forward in Q&A sessions with Mirnyi, involving many Needs. Clearly, Mirnyi won’t ever stop, the UNICEF - Mirnyi friendship and will different topics including fitness, nutri- whether on the tennis court or off. The strengthen our work for the sake of Belaru- tion, training schedules, and physical and world needs more Mirnyi athletes! g 48 US-Belarus Observer Final Thoughts

BELARUSIANS

The body heals with play LAUGH The mind heals with laughter And the spirit heals with joy By Timothy Buryak Proverb

“That’s dangerous. I don’t want him to die replies, “I am not counting the money for hile studying a man with a neuro- from the shock.” that. I will soon fall asleep from the anes- logical condition which involves thesia, and, who knows, maybe someone patients telling too many jokes, W will look in my wallet.” neurologists have shown that a sense of *** humor requires very complex brain pro- Two Belarusian police officers are having cessing. Scientists at Oxford use the follow- a discussion: “Tomorrow is our colleague’s *** ing joke (which they state is the funniest birthday, right? What do you think we Two Belarusians are dining in a restaurant joke in the world) to study how the brain should give him?” in Minsk. After dinner, one asks the other: engages in this higher level of thinking: “A book?” “Did you pay the bill?” Three guys stranded on a desert island “No, he doesn’t need that, he already has “No…you?” find a magic lantern containing a genie, who one.” “Then what are we still doing here?!” grants them each one wish. The first guy wishes he was off the island and back home. *** *** The second guy wishes the same. The third A husband says to his wife, “Will you drink A Belarusian ran a tavern across from a guy says: “I’m lonely. I wish my friends were some vodka?” cemetery. There was a sign on the door that back here.” “No.” read, “It’s better in here than over there.” Resolving the puzzle in the joke actually “Ok, now you ask me.” “tickles” the brain’s pleasure centers, mak- *** ing people laugh (or at least, smile politely). *** A Belarusian mother says to her small son, “The ‘ha ha’ moment is not very far from A small boy says to a little girl, “Do you “Grandpa is sick, go tell him something the ‘aha’ moment,” explains Jason Warren know why grownups close their eyes when nice!” at University College London. they kiss?” He goes over and says, “Grandpa, would So, Belarusians are right when they say “They have done it so many times that they you like a live band to play at your funeral?” that there is no such thing as a “bad” joke! remember how to do it already!” *** *** Belarusians really love potatoes and eat *** Belarusian Marketplace: them often. One Belarusian asks another: A dying Belarusian dictates his will: “Miss, boil some live crabs!” “What would you do if all the potatoes dis- “I leave Vasi 10,000, Peter 50,000, and Ales- “Oh, I feel bad throwing them into boiled appeared?” sa 250,000.” water…” “I would go to the moon!” He stops and looks up, “Lord, where am I “When you boil them, just close the eyes.” “Why?” going to get so much money?” “What, for each one?” “There are no police there, lots of places to grow potatoes, and I won’t see my wife…” *** *** In the operation room: A patient counts the *** “Neighbor, can you fix my electric socket?” money in their wallet. The doctor says, “Oh Laughter certainly is the best medicine! “You have a husband, make him do it!” no, you do not need to pay!” The patient

NESVIZH CASTLE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE