Yurok Tribal Fall Fishery Monitoring, 2010

Prepared By: Desma Williams Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program 15900 Highway 101 North, Klamath, CA 95548

April 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF FIGURES ...... ii

LIST OF TABLES ...... iii

ABSTRACT ...... 1

FORWARD ...... 2

NET HARVEST MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 4

INTRODUCTION ...... 4 METHODS ...... 4 Season Structure ...... 6 Monitoring ...... 6 Harvest Estimation...... 7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...... 9 Chinook ...... 9 Coho ...... 14 Steelhead ...... 17 Green Sturgeon ...... 18 White Sturgeon ...... 18 CODED-WIRE TAG INVESTIGATIONS ...... 18

INTRODUCTION ...... 18 METHODS ...... 18 RESULTS ...... 19 Chinook ...... 19 Coho ...... 22 Steelhead ...... 22 REFERENCES ...... 23

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

Figure 1. Map of the Klamath-Trinity River Basin accessible to anadromous fish ...... 3

Figure 2. Harvest monitoring areas on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010...... 5

Figure 3. Weekly set net effort from three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation, fall season 2010...... 11

Figure 4. Weekly estimates of Chinook salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010...... 12

Figure 5. Catch per effort from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010...... 13

Figure 6. Weekly estimates of coho salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010...... 17

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

Table 1. Estimated numbers of grilse and adult fall Chinook salmon harvested by tribal fishers on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010...... 9

Table 2. Harvest of adult coho in Yurok fisheries, 1992 through 2010...... 15

Table 3. Estimates of coho salmon harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation from 1984 to 2010...... 16

Table 4. Estimated number of steelhead harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the fall monitoring season, 2010...... 17

Table 5. Summary of Chinook sampling data collected on the Yurok Indian Reservation in fall 2010...... 20

Table 7. Coho sampling data collected during the 2010 fall fishery on the Yurok Indian Reservation...... 22

Table 8. Summary of fin-clipped steelhead harvested during the 2010 fall monitoring season on the Yurok Indian Reservation...... 22

iii

ABSTRACT

This report summarizes Yurok Tribal harvest of fall Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ), coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ), and steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) on the Yurok Tribal Reservation in the Klamath River Basin (Figure 1) from August 1 through November 30, 2010.

During the 2010 fall fishery, an estimated 26,187 adult and 176 grilse fall-run Chinook salmon were harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation. A total of 499 adipose fin clipped Chinook were observed while sampling the harvest and 447 fall Chinook coded- wire tags were recovered, representing 25 hatchery groups. The fall coded-wire tags expanded to 7,168 Chinook, representing 27.2% of the fall harvest, 15.9% from Iron Gate Hatchery and 11.3% from Trinity River Hatchery.

In addition, an estimated 410 adult and 6 grilse coho salmon ( O. kisutch ), 71 adult and 4 half-pounder steelhead trout ( O. mykiss ), and 4 adult green sturgeon were harvested during the fall season. Right maxillary clips were seen on 33.7% of the coho biosampled and left maxillary clips were seen on 3.4%. Adipose fin clips were seen on 0.5% of coho.

FORWARD

Uncounted generations of Yurok people have enjoyed the bounty of the Klamath River fisheries. The fisheries resource is an integral component of the Yurok way of life; intertwined with cultural, ceremonial, sustenance and commercial aspects of Yurok existence. Traditionally, salmon were welcomed back to the river each year with the first fish ceremony. Fishing sites and the right to fish there were a form of wealth, and could be traded or used to pay debts. It has been estimated that pre-European Indians in the Klamath drainage consumed in excess of 2-million pounds of salmon (Hoptowit 1980). In addition to spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon, coho salmon, sturgeon, lamprey, steelhead, and eulachon have been valued by Yuroks since time immemorial.

The Yurok Indian Reservation (YIR) encompasses land surrounding the lower Klamath and Trinity Rivers, from the mouth of the Klamath River at the Pacific Ocean, to 71 km upstream near the confluence where the Trinity enters the Klamath River (Figure 1). Reserved rights of the Yurok Tribe were ensured upon the creation of the original Klamath River Reservation in 1855, the creation of the Hoopa Square in 1864, and the extension of the Reservation in 1891. Those rights were confirmed in the Hoopa/Yurok Settlement Act of 1988 in which the Hoopa Valley Reservation was formally divided into the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation and the Yurok Indian Reservation. The United States was aware of the Yurok Tribe’s dependence on Klamath Basin fisheries resources and acted to protect the Tribe’s ability to maintain a livelihood by creating the Reservation, reserving to the Yurok people the natural resources necessary to live and maintain their culture.

The U.S. Department of Interior directed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Fisheries Assistance Office (FAO) in Arcata, California to begin monitoring the Tribal fishery in 1978. The FAO continued monitoring the fishery through 1993, with assistance from the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program (YTFP) from 1992 -1993. The Yurok Tribe assumed full responsibility for monitoring the fishery in 1994. The Tribal fishery was regulated by the U.S. Department of Interior, through the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), from the late 1970’s until 1996. In June of 1996, the Yurok Tribal Council adopted the Yurok Tribal Fishing Rights Ordinance (FRO), which regulates fishing by Tribal members on the Reservation, and assumed full responsibility for regulating the Tribal fishery.

The YTFP has experienced rapid growth since the program was formally organized in 1994. In addition to the harvest management division, the YTFP now has a biological and habitat monitoring division, a restoration division and a water rights protection division. At times, more than 16 biologists, 40 technicians, and several consultants with varied professional expertise work for the YTFP; conducting management, monitoring, assessment, restoration and research activities.

Iron Gate Dam Iron Gate Hatchery

Beaver Creek weir

Thompson Creek Bogus Creek weir

Dillon Creek Klamath River Shasta River Requa Blue Creek Ishi Pishi Scott River Falls Y ur ok In n di a R an

e e se Salmon River c r va O ti o

c i

f Hoopa Valley i Indian Reservation

c Weitchpec

a P

North Fork Trinity River New River Willow Creek Weir Canyon Creek

Arcata Lewiston Dam Humboldt Bay Trinity River Junction City Weir Trinity River Hatchery

South Fork Trinity River

0 5 10 20 30 40 50 California kilometers

Figure 1. Map of the Klamath-Trinity River Basin accessible to anadromous fish

3 NET HARVEST MONITORING PROGRAM Introduction

The Harvest Management Division of the YTFP is responsible for monitoring the Yurok fisheries. In addition to collecting data for estimating the harvest of several species, monitors also record biological data such as length and weight, and collect scale samples (used for aging and genetic studies), and snouts from adipose-fin clipped (ad-clip) salmon for recovering coded-wire tags (CWT).

This report summarizes the Yurok Tribal fishery during the fall monitoring season, August 1 to November 30, in 2010. The Yurok allocation for fall Chinook during 2010 was 27,686 adults. Based upon the size of the allocation, the Yurok Tribal Council decided to conduct a commercial fishery for 14,386 adult fall chinook during 2010, with an additional 1000 fish to be purchased by the Tribe for distribution to elders. These commercial fish were to be harvested in the Estuary during August and early September.

Methods

Net harvest monitoring data was collected and compiled from three contiguous areas (Estuary, Middle Klamath and Upper Klamath) of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010 (Figure 2). The Estuary area extends from the mouth of the Klamath River to the U.S. Highway 101 Bridge (rkm 0 to 6). The Middle Klamath area begins at the Highway 101 Bridge and continues upriver to Surpur Creek (rkm 33). The Upper Klamath area contains the eastern-most portion of the Reservation from Surpur Creek to the Reservation boundary just upstream from the confluence of the Trinity River (rkm 70), including the lower mile of the Trinity River. The three monitoring areas are used as separate management zones to facilitate allocation of the fall Chinook harvest throughout the Reservation.

Grilse (age-2 salmon) were initially estimated using a fork length of < 61 cm. The preliminary grilse/adult length cutoff was obtained from the length-frequency histogram of the lower river creel fork lengths. The final grilse proportion is determined post- season during the age composition analysis, when the scale ages and fork lengths are examined and it is determined if the preliminary cutoff is reasonable. In 2010, the cutoff was used for fish harvested in the Estuary while the proportion of fish aged as 2’s was used for the grilse proportion for the Middle and Upper Klamath management areas.

The juvenile cutoff length for steelhead was set at a standard 17 inches and did not incorporate age data from scale analysis or length frequency analysis. Sturgeon were assumed juvenile if they were less than 130 cm total length.

Terwer Creek

Estuary Area

U.S. 101 Scale Requa Bridge 0 2 4 6 8 10 Kilometers Klamath Glen

Monitoring Boundaries

Tarup Creek Klamath River

Middle Klamath Blue Creek Area Pacific Ocean

Johnson Pecwan Creek Surpur Creek

Upper Cappell Creek Klamath Area

C ALIFORNIA Weitchpec Tully Creek

Trinity River

Figure 2. Harvest monitoring areas on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010.

Season Structure

Beginning in 1996, Yurok Tribal fisheries were managed by the Tribe under authorization of the FRO. These regulations are supplemented each year by a Fall Harvest Management Plan (HMP) (Appendix A), which primarily manages adult fall Chinook by dividing the Yurok allocation between the three management areas, and providing for conservation closures as needed to assure that individual subbasin stocks of Chinook are not overharvested. The HMP also provides a conservation closure starting in late September to protect coho salmon, which have been listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Additional in-season adjustments (Appendix B) modified or activated sections of the HMP.

Fishing was permitted Friday through Tuesday during the commercial season. The Estuary was open from 10:00 a.m. through midnight each day fishing was allowed. The upper areas were open starting at 10:00 a.m. on Friday through 9:00 a.m. the following Wednesday. After the commercial closed, all areas were open to fishing from 9:00 a.m. on Wednesdays through 9:00 a.m. the following Monday. Adjustments to this season structure can be found in Appendix B.

Monitoring

Yurok Tribal fishers were contacted at their boats, riverside camps or at area boat landings. Attempts to contact tribal fishers at their residence, or by telephone, were often made at a later time if they could not be located at the river. Information obtained included the number of each species caught, the number of nets fished, and for the Estuary fall fishery, the number of hours each net was fished. River surveys in the Upper and Middle Klamath were scheduled to coincide with hours when fishers typically checked their nets. Surveys were conducted throughout the day in the Estuary. Whenever possible, individual fish were examined for tags, fin clips, hook scars and damage from predators, including pinniped, otter and lamprey. Snouts were collected from ad-clipped salmon for subsequent CWT recovery and identification. Salmonid fork lengths (FL) were measured to the nearest centimeter and scales were removed for age analysis. Fish that had not yet been gutted were weighed to the nearest pound.

Estuary Area: From August 1, 2010 through September 6, 2010, total net counts were conducted every two hours during open fishing (10:00 a.m. through 12:00 a.m., Friday through Tuesday), and the fishery was monitored every day fishing was allowed. Hourly monitoring continued from September 7 through October 2, with fishing allowed from 9:00 a.m. on Wednesday through 9:00 a.m. on Monday. Fishers were interviewed to obtain information on the number of each species caught, the number of nets fished and the number of hours each net was fished. After October 2, the Estuary was monitored as described below for the Middle Klamath Area, with net counts occurring during peak

6 fishing times.

Middle Klamath Area: The fishery was monitored most days fishing was allowed. To monitor the set net fishery, a total net count was conducted by boat over the entire section of river after dark. The following morning, the crew contacted fishers and sampled the set net harvest. To monitor the drift net fishery, total net counts were conducted by boat between 8:00 p.m. and 1:00 a.m., when drift netting typically occurs. The harvest was sampled either that evening or the following morning.

Upper Klamath Area: The sampling methodologies for set and drift net fisheries were the same as in the Middle Klamath area.

Harvest Estimation

Fall fishery harvest estimates were composed of two components for each area and net type: effort and catch per unit of effort (CPUE). Highly variable effort in the Estuary requires that sampling methods differ from those used in the Upper and Middle Klamath areas.

Spring Chinook Based on CWT recoveries, spring chinook are often seen entering the river during the first three weeks of August. The proportion of spring chinook is estimated for each of the first three weeks of the season, and the result subtracted from the total estimate that week to yield fall chinook harvested. To estimate the proportion of spring Chinook, the spring and fall CWTs recovered in the Yurok fishery are expanded and summed to give total hatchery spring chinook and total hatchery fall chinook. These sums are multiplied by expansion factors based on a five year average of total basin spring escapement divided by total basin hatchery spring chinook, and a similar factor for the fall chinook. The results are used to estimate the proportion spring vs. fall chinook for that week.

Estuary

During the peak of the fall Chinook run, the Estuary receives high fishing effort that can fluctuate dramatically with the tidal cycle. To sample this effort, net counts were conducted every two hours during peak fishing times and sampling was conducted every day the fishery was open. As fishing was only allowed from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. through September 6, the harvest was not stratified into day and night periods for estimation as usual, but was estimated for the entire period. Splitting the fish into day and night shift requires determination of how many fish were caught before 7:00 p.m. vs. caught after 7:00 p.m. This becomes more difficult the longer after 7:00 the fisher is interviewed, and with the effort seen during a commercial fishery, most of the fishers would be interviewed well after 7:00, leading to inaccurate fish counts per shift. After the closure of the commercial fishery on September 6 fishing was allowed 24 hours per

7 day and the estimate was stratified into day and night shift until the Estuary went to daily monitoring on October 3.

As net counts in the Estuary were not made every hour, the total net-hours fished were estimated by doubling the bi-hourly net counts. When bi-hourly counts were not made for some reason, the missing counts were estimated by averaging the nearest counts.

CPUE for each species was determined for each net type. This estimate was based upon net hours sampled from contacted fishers. Unseen data from reliable sources was included in the sample data.

Estimates of daily catch for each species were calculated by multiplying the CPUE by the estimated number of net-hours for the day and net type.

Middle and Upper Klamath

Within the Middle and Upper Klamath areas, effort for each net type was determined by taking a daily count of nets fished within each area. The unit of effort in the CPUE estimate represents one net-day, defined as a net that has been fished, for any length of time, within a 24-hour day.

Effort was estimated for unmonitored days. If the unmonitored day was Tuesday through Friday, a simple average was calculated from the remainder of those four days that were monitored. If the non-monitored day was Saturday or Sunday, estimated effort was equal to effort of the adjacent weekend day.

When the fishery was monitored and sufficient nets were contacted, CPUE estimates were calculated using the sample data from the current day only. On days the fishery was not monitored or insufficient data was collected on a monitored day, the CPUE estimate was calculated using data from monitored days around the day in question. Data was considered sufficient if at least 5 nets were sampled or a minimum of 70% of the effort when effort was less than eight nets.

Estimates of daily catch for each species were calculated by multiplying the CPUE by the estimated number of net-days for each net type.

Results and Discussion

Chinook

Harvest Overview

An estimated 27,058 Chinook were harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the fall season in 2010. CWTs recovered from harvested Chinook, indicated that both spring and fall Chinook entered the estuary during the first weeks of August. In 2010, 21.2% (493) of the estimated spring Chinook harvested by the Yurok Tribe were captured during the fall monitoring period, which began August 1. It was estimated that 28.8% of the Chinook entering the river were fall chinook during the first week of the fall season. The following two weeks were estimated to be 52.2% and 75.6% fall Chinook. The fall Chinook component in the Upper Klamath was estimated to be 0% for the first two weeks, 28.8% the third week, and 64.4% the fourth week. An estimated 26,187 (99.3 %) of the fall Chinook harvested were adult and 176 (0.7%) were grilse (Table 1). The majority of the fall Chinook harvest (82.5%) occurred in the Estuary, followed by the Upper Klamath (10.3%) and the Middle Klamath (7.3%) areas. The Middle Klamath was closed September 14 when its subquota was caught until November 4 when the remaining fall Chinook allocation was redistributed.

Table 1. Estimated numbers of grilse and adult fall Chinook salmon harvested by tribal fishers on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010.

Grilse Adult Area Number % Number % Area Total % of Sampled Harvested Grilse Harvested Adult Harvest All Areas

Estuary 20 0.1 21,725 99.9 21,745 82.5

Middle 65 3.4 1,847 96.6 1,911 7.3 Klamath Upper 91 3.4 2,614 96.6 2,706 10.3 Klamath Total 176 0.7 26,187 99.3 26,363 All Areas

Effort peaked the week starting August 22 in the Estuary, coinciding with the start of the commercial fishery. It fell the week starting September 5, after the closure of the commercial. Effort peaked the week starting September 5 in the Middle and Upper Klamath ( Figure 3).

The peak week of fall Chinook harvest occurred during the week starting August 22 (Figure 4). The last Chinook was seen on November 27 in the Upper Klamath. Of the fall chinook, 4,186 of were estimated to have originated at Iron Gate Hatchery and 2,982 from Trinity River Hatchery.

Catch per effort is shown in Figure 5 for Chinook caught in set nets. Catch per effort is fish caught per net day in the Middle and Upper Klamath and the Estuary after October 2, and fish per net hour fished prior to that in the Estuary. The hourly catch per effort is split into day and night shifts after fishing went to 24 hours per day after closure of commercial fishing.

Figure 3. Weekly set net effort from three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation, fall season 2010.

Figure 4. Weekly estimates of Chinook salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010.

Figure 5. Catch per effort from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010.

Coho

Harvest Historical Yurok Tribal harvest of adult coho salmon has ranged from 25 to 2,452 fish per year since 1992, and averaged 602 fish (Table 2). Estimates are not reliable for the Yurok harvest of coho salmon prior to 1992, because the fishery was only monitored during the beginning of the run.

Current An estimated 416 coho salmon were harvested in the Yurok Tribal Fishery during 2010, of which 410 were estimated to be adults ( ≥56 cm) (Table 3). The majority of the harvest occurred in the Upper Klamath, where 300 (73.2%) adult coho were captured, followed by the Estuary area with 104 (25.3%) coho harvested, and the Middle Klamath area with 6 (1.6%) harvested. Harvest peaked during late September, tapering off by the end of October (Figure 4).

Table 2. Harvest of adult coho in Yurok fisheries, 1992 through 2010.

Year Estuary Middle Klamath Upper Klamath Total 1992 24 76 22 122 1993 No breakdown available 1,168 1994 11 0 14 25 1995 559 26 241 826 1996 518 63 154 735 1997 36 23 9 68 1998 61 15 94 170 1999 140 12 83 235 2000 48 1 44 93 2001 1,705 122 625 2,452 2002 360 15 116 491 2003 209 81 55 345 2004 1,289 41 206 1,537 2005 737 51 193 981 2006 315 132 143 590 2007 106 3 65 174 2008 668 27 116 811 2009 177 1 21 199 2010 104 6 300 410

Average 393 39 139 602

Table 3. Estimates of coho salmon harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation from 1984 to 2010.

Year Grilse % Adult % Total 1984 39 9.8 360 90.2 399 1985 49 2.5 1,894 97.5 1,943 1986 9 5.2 163 94.8 172 1987 31 3.3 904 96.7 935 1988 15 2.6 573 97.4 588 1989 14 2.7 511 97.3 525 1990 5 1.3 377 98.7 382 1991 0 0.0 391 100.0 391 1992 8 6.2 122 93.8 130 1993 2 0.2 1,164 99.8 1,166 1994 2 7.4 25 92.6 27 1995 3 0.4 826 99.6 829 1996 11 1.5 735 98.5 745 1997 3 4.8 68 95.2 71 1998 7 3.7 170 96.3 176 1999 2 1.0 235 99.0 238 2000 20 17.4 94 82.6 113 2001 3 0.1 2,445 99.9 2,447 2002 2 0.5 491 99.5 493 2003 8 2.1 345 97.9 352 2004 33 2.1 1,537 97.9 1,569 2005 7 0.7 981 99.3 988 2006 2 0.3 590 99.7 592 2007 0 0.0 174 100.0 174 2008 8 1.0 811 99.0 819 2009 7 3.4 199 96.6 206 2010 6 1.3 410 98.7 416

Average 11 1.7 615 98.3 625

Figure 6. Weekly estimates of coho salmon harvested from the three monitoring areas of the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010.

Steelhead

An estimated 71 adult steelhead ( ≥ 43 cm) and 4 “half -pounder” steelhead were harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the 2010 fall monitoring season (Table 4). The majority of harvested steelhead (60.2%) were captured in the Upper Klamath, followed by the Estuary area (31.9%) and Middle Klamath (7.9%) areas.

Table 4. Estimated number of steelhead harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the fall monitoring season, 2010.

Adult Half-Pounder Total % of Harvest Estuary 23 1 24 31.9 Middle Klamath 6 0 6 7.9 Upper Klamath 43 3 45 60.2

Total 71 4 75 100.0

Green Sturgeon

An estimated 4 green sturgeon were harvested on the Yurok Indian Reservation during the 2010 fall monitoring season, two each in the Middle and Upper Klamath. All were caught in set nets.

White Sturgeon

No white sturgeon were harvested during the fall season of 2010.

CODED-WIRE TAG INVESTIGATIONS

Introduction

The use of CWTs on Pacific salmonids enables hatchery managers to evaluate the success or failure of various rearing and release strategies. CWT recovery information also allows fishery harvest managers to assess the contribution of different stocks to ocean and in-river fisheries, enables the reconstruction of cohorts, and is valuable for determining the extent that hatchery stocks utilize natural areas for spawning.

Methods

While conducting harvest-monitoring operations on the Yurok Indian Reservation in 2010, monitoring personnel collected snouts from ad-clipped Chinook and coho salmon. CWTs from the field samples were recovered from salmon snouts with the aid of a magnetic detector and decoded under a dissecting scope. Each recovered CWT was expanded to estimate contribution to the harvest by hatchery fish. The sampling expansion adjusts for that portion of the harvest not sampled, the non-recovery of snouts from observed ad-clipped fish, unreadable tags, and tags lost during dissection. The sampling expansion factor varies by sampling area and time period, and is the product of three ratios:

1) Sampling Ratio = Estimated Harvest Number of Fish Examined for Ad-Clips

2) Head Recovery Ratio = Number of Ad-Clipped Fish Observed Number of Heads Recovered

3) Lost Tag Ratio = Number of Heads with Tags Number of Tags Decoded

A second expansion accounts for the fish in a release group that were not tagged. The production multiplier is calculated by dividing the total number of fish in a release group by the number of tagged fish, and is unique to and constant for each tag code (release group). Recovered CWTs that are lost before decoding or unreadable are expanded for sampling only.

Results

Chinook

Run timing of spring and fall Chinook overlapped the first two weeks of the fall season (August 1 – August 14), based on CWT recoveries (first four weeks in the Upper Klamath). During this period, 1,561 Chinook (spring and fall) were harvested, of which 695 were estimated to be spring-run. Examination for ad-clips was conducted on 13,169 Chinook, with 499 ad-clips observed and 482 snouts collected (Table 5). CWTs were recovered from 447 Chinook, of which 389 (87.0%) were determined to be fall-run and 6 (1.3%) spring-run. Eleven tags were lost, 31 were not found, and four were strays.

Of the 26,363 fall-run Chinook harvested during 2010, 7,168 fall Chinook salmon were estimated to be from 25 coded wire tag groups; representing 27.2% of the fall Chinook harvest. The fall Chinook tag codes recovered represented 12 fingerling and two yearling fall Chinook groups released from Iron Gate Hatchery (IGH) and nine fingerling and two yearling fall Chinook groups from Trinity River Hatchery (TRH) (Table 6).

Table 5. Summary of Chinook sampling data collected on the Yurok Indian Reservation in fall 2010. Middle Upper Estuary Total Klamath Klamath Estimated Harvest (Aug 1 – 22,337 1,939 2,782 27,058 Nov 30) Fall-run Chinook Harvest 21,745 1,911 2,706 26,363

# Examined for Clips 11,518 546 1,105 13,169

Observed Ad-clips 443 21 35 499

Collected Snouts 439 20 23 482

Total Tags Recovered 408 17 22 447

Fall Tags Recovered 350 17 22 389

CWT Lost 11 0 0 11

CWT Unreadable 37 0 0 37

No Tags 31 3 1 35

Table 6. Actual and expanded coded-wire tag recoveries of fall run Chinook salmon harvested during 2010 on the Yurok Indian Reservation (# cwt = tags recovered, Samp = expanded for sampling, PM = expanded for sampling and production multiplier). Estuary Middle Klamath Upper Klamath Total Brood Hatchery of Release Tag Code 1 2 Year Origin Type # cwt Samp PM 3 # cwt Samp PM 3 # cwt Samp PM 3 # cwt Samp PM 3

06-01-02-06-08 2006 IGH F 6 13 267 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 13 267 06-01-02-06-09 2006 IGH F 3 6 92 1 1 22 0 0 0 4 7 113 06-01-02-07-00 2006 IGH F 3 5 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 87 06-01-02-07-01 2006 IGH F 5 9 152 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 152 06-01-02-07-02 2006 IGH F 9 17 286 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 17 286 06-01-02-07-03 2006 IGH F 3 6 104 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 104 06-01-02-07-04 2006 IGH Y 59 124 1,189 2 4 37 1 5 45 62 133 1,271 06-08-02-00-01 2007 IGH F 6 12 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 12 215 06-08-02-00-02 2007 IGH F 1 11 172 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 172 06-08-02-00-03 2007 IGH F 16 41 649 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 41 649 06-08-02-00-04 2007 IGH F 4 8 122 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 122 06-08-02-00-05 2007 IGH F 6 12 202 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 12 202 06-08-02-00-06 2007 IGH Y 20 48 504 0 0 0 1 2 20 21 50 523 06-86-43 2008 IGH F 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 25 1 6 25 06-53-50 2006 TRH F 10 28 118 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 28 118 06-53-51 2006 TRH F 6 12 50 1 6 24 1 6 26 8 24 99 06-53-52 2006 TRH F 4 10 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10 41 06-53-53 2006 TRH F 9 19 74 1 6 22 0 0 0 10 24 96 06-53-61 2006 TRH Y 104 268 1,088 4 15 62 4 13 55 112 297 1,204 06-88-04 2007 TRH F 6 12 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 12 50 06-88-05 2007 TRH F 8 18 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 18 72 06-88-06 2007 TRH F 2 5 18 1 6 23 0 0 0 3 10 41 06-88-08 2007 TRH F 4 8 32 0 0 0 1 5 19 5 13 51 06-88-09 2007 TRH Y 54 204 839 7 32 131 13 54 223 74 290 1,193 06-88-15 2008 TRH F 2 5 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 19 Total Tags 350 899 6,441 17 69 320 22 91 411 389 1,059 7,173 Lost Tag 11 29 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 29 29 Unreadable Tag 37 94 94 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 94 94 No Tag 31 80 80 3 10 10 1 6 6 35 96 96 Total 429 1,103 6,645 20 79 330 23 98 418 472 1,279 7,392 1 IGH - Iron Gate Hatchery 2 Y - Yearling: October - November Release TRH - Trinity River Hatchery F - Fingerling: March - June Release 3 “no tags”, “unreadable tags”, and “lost tags” are not expanded for production multiplier

Coho

Of the 267 coho salmon examined for clips during the 2010 fall season, ad-clips were observed on 2, left maxillary clips were observed on 14 fish, and right maxillary clips were observed on 140 (Table 7). The origins of the ad-clipped coho are unknown. All coho salmon released from IGH receive left maxillary clips and those released from TRH receive right maxillary clips. Snouts are not collected from maxillary-clipped coho, as they are not tagged.

Table 7. Coho sampling data collected during the 2010 fall fishery on the Yurok Indian Reservation. Middle Estuary Upper Klamath Total Klamath Estimated Harvest 105 7 304 416

# Examined for Clips 57 8 202 267

Ad-clips 1 0 1 2

Right Max-clips 26 3 111 140

Left Max-clips 1 0 13 14

Snouts Collected 1 0 0 1

Steelhead

Fin clips were observed on 11 of 18 (38.9%) steelhead trout examined for clips during the fall season. Results are displayed in Table 8. Scale samples were collected from all examined fish.

Table 8. Summary of fin-clipped steelhead harvested during the 2010 fall monitoring season on the Yurok Indian Reservation.

Fin Clip Length Range (cm) Mean Length (cm) Sample Size

Adipose 49 - 79 69.6 7 No Clip 36 - 80 63.5 11

REFERENCES

Hoptowit, D. R. 1980. Klamath-Trinity salmon restoration project final report. California Resources Agency. Sacramento, California. 92 pp.