(For official use only) Households with Drainage Facilities in Cities and Towns of India – 2001 January, 2009 Socio-economic and Monitoring Division Town & Country Planning Organisation Ministry of Urban Development Government of India CONTENTS I Households With 1 - 4 'Closed Drainage' Facilities II Households With 5 - 7 'Open Drainage' Facilities III Households Without 8 - 9 Drainage Facilities IV Concepts and Definitions 10 - 11 Annexure 12 - 227 PREFACE The essential elements of a neat and clean city are underground drainage, adequate water supply, solid waste management, storm water drains, roads etc., which go a long way in ensuring better built environment and health of human beings. Cities without a proper drainage system face problems of inundation on roads, streets and by-lanes during rainfall, and the resultant traffic snarls, pollution, insanitary conditions, and spread of various water-borne diseases. The Report of the World Health Organisation (WHO) titled “Safe Water, Better Health (2008)” states that about 7.5% of deaths in India are due to water and sanitation related causes. It also highlights that 88% of the cases of diarrohea world-wide are attributed to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or improper hygiene. The report of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2008) has emphasized that access to clean water and sanitation should be considered as part of human rights. According to this Report, about one billion people in the world live in slums without basic services. Considering the importance of sanitation in view of its impact on human health, the provision of sanitation facilities for the increasing population in India‟s cities and towns is an issue which demands special and immediate attention. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and other programmes aim at 100% sanitation coverage in the urban areas. The Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) targets to achieve universal sanitation coverage in the country by 2012. A closed drainage system in a city with proper maintenance will go a long way in making it a “healthy” city. However, drainage, in itself, is not enough. What is more important is that all the households should have connectivity, as it is one of the important determinants of quality of life. What is the scenario in India? How many households in cities and towns have access to closed drainage system and how many have open or no connectivity? The instant document provides data on these aspects. The analysis carried out in the document is based on the data of Census of India, 2001, which, inter alia, provides statistics pertaining to distribution of households by availability of type of drainage connectivity for wastewater outlet. The drainage connectivity has been classified into three types, viz., „closed drainage‟, „open drainage‟ and „no drainage‟. The census data does not include institutional households. This document is the outcome of painstaking work put in by Shri J. Nagarajan, Senior Social Scientist, assisted by S/Shri B.K. Bharti, P.P. Tuteja and T. Tete. I hope that this document will be useful for policy-makers, administrators, planners, researchers and academicians. January 2009 (J.B. Kshirsagar) New Delhi Chief Planner ii Households with Drainage Facilities in Cities and Towns of India – 2001 CHAPTER I Households With 'Closed Drainage' Facilities The absolute number and the percentage of households having connectivity to closed drainage for waste water outlet, in the cities and towns of India, as per the Census of India, 2001; can be seen in the Annexure. The important findings pertaining to the number of households having connectivity to closed drainage for waste water outlet, are given below : I. Percentage range of households having connectivity to closed drainage for waste water outlet : 0 – 99.91% II. Cities / towns where the proportion of households having connectivity to closed drainage for waste water outlet is either 90 % or more : S.No. Name of town State / U.T % 1 Jawaharnagar (Guj. Refnry ) Gujarat 99.91 2 Ramachandrapuram (BHEL)Township Andhra Pradesh 99.90 3 GSFC Complex INA Gujarat 99.88 4 Dariba Rajasthan 99.86 5 Ordnance Factory, Itarsi Madhya Pradesh 99.78 6 Kondumal Maharashtra 99.76 7 I.T.I, Mankapur Uttar Pradesh 99.70 8 Jugial Punjab 99.69 9 Petro-Chemical Complex INA Gujarat 99.27 10 O.C.L Industrial Township Orissa 99.17 11 Damanjodi Orissa 98.58 12 Memnagar Gujarat 97.75 13 Kota Uttar Pradesh 97.26 14 Hussainpur Punjab 95.77 15 Gaddiannaram Andhra Pradesh 95.45 16 Anklesvar INA Gujarat 94.81 Town and Country Planning Organisation Socio-economic and Monitoring Division Households with Drainage Facilities in Cities and Towns of India – 2001 17 Vastrapur Gujarat 94.11 18 Ghatlodiya Gujarat 93.68 19 Meghahatuburu Forest Village Jharkhand 93.53 20 Maruadih Rly. Settlement Uttar Pradesh 92.84 21 Jodhpur Gujarat 92.82 22 Freelandgunj Gujarat 92.65 23 S.A.S.Nagar Punjab 92.57 24 Kalikapur Jharkhand 92.41 25 F.R.Institute & College Area Uttaranchal 91.89 26 Chandkheda Gujarat 91.52 27 Donimalai Township Karnataka 91.44 28 Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 91.43 29 Vehicle Fac., Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh 90.89 30 Pune Maharashtra 90.83 31 Sukhrali Haryana 90.78 32 Nandesari INA Gujarat 90.27 III. Cities / towns where the proportion of households having connectivity to closed drainage for waste water outlet is in the range of 75% - 90% : S.No. Name of town State / U.T % 1 Vapi Gujarat 89.70 2 Kevadiya Gujarat 89.19 3 Bhimarayanagudi Karnataka 88.95 4 Jubbal Himachal 88.52 Pradesh 5 Bhalariya Rajasthan 88.41 6 Eddumailaram Andhra Pradesh 88.26 7 Mithapur Gujarat 88.00 8 Amritsar Cantt. Punjab 87.78 9 Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat 87.69 10 Kali Gujarat 87.45 11 Thaltej Gujarat 87.29 12 Ahmadabad Gujarat 86.96 13 Gobindgarh Punjab 86.78 14 Vejalpur Gujarat 86.00 15 Asankhurd Haryana 85.98 16 Ranip Gujarat 85.79 17 Unjha Gujarat 85.70 Town and Country Planning Organisation 2 Socio-economic and Monitoring Division Households with Drainage Facilities in Cities and Towns of India – 2001 18 Harveypatti Tamilnadu 85.30 19 Sangamner Maharashtra 85.26 20 Gandhinagar Gujarat 85.03 21 Hajira Gujarat 84.76 22 B.H.E.L, Ranipur Uttaranchal 84.56 23 Chhapra Bhatha Gujarat 83.98 24 Vastral Gujarat 83.90 25 Sawari Jawharnagar Maharashtra 83.87 26 Khairabad Uttar Pradesh 83.87 27 Kudremukh Karnataka 83.82 28 Bilaspur Himachal 83.71 Pradesh 29 Chak Imam Ali Uttar Pradesh 83.48 30 Chennai Tamilnadu 82.94 31 O.F Khamaria Madhya 82.88 Pradesh 32 Navghar-Manikpur Maharashtra 82.80 33 Lambha Gujarat 82.65 34 Moovarasampettai Tamilnadu 82.45 35 Nagpur Maharashtra 82.26 36 Nahan Himachal 81.87 Pradesh 37 Wadi ACC Karnataka 81.50 38 Kedarnath Uttaranchal 81.48 39 Virbhadra Uttaranchal 81.45 40 Mysore Karnataka 80.65 41 Ahmadabad Cantt. Gujarat 80.57 42 N.D.M.C. Delhi 80.51 43 Navsari Gujarat 80.30 44 Nehon Punjab 80.27 45 Barauni IOC Township Bihar 79.69 46 Landaur Uttaranchal 79.37 47 Vadodara Gujarat 79.17 48 Pasthal Maharashtra 78.94 49 Kurthi Jafarpur Uttar Pradesh 78.66 50 Bangalore Karnataka 78.33 51 Panchkula Urban Estate Haryana 78.12 52 Secunderabad C.B Andhra Pradesh 77.99 53 Chandigarh Chandigarh 77.22 54 Gota Gujarat 76.95 55 Surat Gujarat 76.86 Town and Country Planning Organisation 3 Socio-economic and Monitoring Division Households with Drainage Facilities in Cities and Towns of India – 2001 56 Nainital Uttaranchal 75.93 57 Kalol Gujarat 75.90 58 Khariya Uttar Pradesh 75.88 59 Palampur Himachal 75.60 Pradesh 60 Chandlodiya Gujarat 75.55 61 Jhusi Kohna Uttar Pradesh 75.30 62 Kadi Gujarat 75.24 63 Gurgaon Haryana 75.02 IV. Cities / towns where none of the households is having connectivity to closed drainage for waste water outlet : S.No. Name of town State / U.T 1 Kharijapikon Assam 2 Vasna Borsad Gujarat 3 Dalhousie Himachal Pradesh 4 Amini Lakshadweep 5 Minicoy Lakshadweep 6 Kavaratti Lakshadweep 7 Torban (Kshetri Leikai) Manipur 8 Khawhai Mizoram 9 Gyalshing Sikkim 10 Dusi Tamilnadu 11 Almora Uttaranchal V. Distribution of cities / towns by percentage range of households having connectivity to closed drainage for waste water outlet : S.No. Percentage range Number of towns Percentage to total 1 Zero 11 number0.21 of towns 2 0 - 10 2247 43.55 3 10 -20 1413 27.38 4 20 -30 671 13.00 5 30 - 40 319 6.18 6 40 - 50 176 3.41 7 50 - 60 116 2.25 8 60 - 70 78 1.51 9 70 - 80 53 1.03 10 80 - 90 44 0.85 11 90 - 100 32 0.62 Total 5160 100.00 Town and Country Planning Organisation 4 Socio-economic and Monitoring Division Households with Drainage Facilities in Cities and Towns of India – 2001 CHAPTER II Households With 'Open Drainage' Facilities The absolute number and the percentage of households having connectivity to open drainage for waste water outlet, in the cities and towns of India, as per the Census of India, 2001; can be seen in the Annexure. The important findings pertaining to the number of households having connectivity to open drainage for waste water outlet, are given below : I. Percentage range of households having connectivity to open drainage for waste water outlet : 0 – 100% II. Cities / Towns where all the households have connectivity to open drainage for waste water outlet : Almora ( Uttaranchal ) III. Cities / towns where the proportion of households having connectivity to open drainage for waste water outlet is in the range of 90 – 100% S.No.