Through our Long-Term Ecological Study in the Tost region of , we are learning a great deal about the lives of wild snow leopards. Below are some exciting updates straight from the field! At a glance...

An Update on theUpdate Cats: from the Field

December 2012 7 Through our Long-Term Ecological Study in the Tost region of Mongolia, we are learning a great Wild snow deal about the lives of wild snow leopards. Below are some exciting updates straight from the leopards are field! currently wearing GPS radio collars Update from the Long-Term Ecological Study:

As Snow Leopard Trust field scientist Örjan Johansson wrapped up more than 4 years of snow leopard fieldwork in our Long Term Ecological Study in Mongolia, the cats proved more elusive than ever. For the first time, no new cats could be collared. Below in his own words, Orjan talks 3males 4females about his last days in the field for the season.

“A few days ago, we did the last bit of data collection before closing camp for the winter. As we stood there, I realized that this was really the last data I’d collect for my PhD. After 4.5 years, I am finally finished! Quite an amazing feeling! There’s still a lot of analyzing and writing to do, but at least the first part of my work is done.

No Cats to Collar Unfortunately, there is a bit of a sour note to these last days: None of the snares we’ve set at the beginning of the season have sprung; we did not manage to capture and collar a new cat this time! It feels really bad to end 4.5 years of fieldwork on this note. But I don’t regret that I chose this area for the snares. When I plot the positions of our collared cats, there is a ‘hole’ with no cats at all in the exact area where we are. There are lots of ibex here, we see them almost every day, and the mountains Ariun is quickly earning the are usually full of snow leopard signs. But still, for some reason, no

cats! As we don’t want to trap cats that are already collared, this is the nickname “Genghis” based right place to be. Now if only there had been at least one cat around. on the vast area that he is Maybe they will come to this area over the winter. We’ve deployed occupying. Ariun’s monthly research cameras before leaving, so at least we’ll get a view!

estimated home range is 463 km². His range has also A View to a Kill overlapped with F7 and F8. Gustaf Samelius, the Snow Leopard Trust’s new Assistant Science Director, has joined me in base Ariun’s range has been camp for an introduction into our field work in Mongolia. A couple of days ago, Gustaf and I larger than all of his male sneaked in on Ariun, who had just hunted down a prey. We stayed about 600 meters away and ob- counterparts, Aztai, Bayartai served him. Many carnivores rest a little ways away from their kills, but the snow leopards do not behave like this. Judging by GPS collar data, it is instead almost as if they sit on their prey. and Tsagaan. This is such a

testament to why long-term Perhaps, they have to stay so close to protect their prey from scavengers. In our case, Ariun had studies are important. caught a feral horse in a big open valley, which didn’t seem like the kind of place a snow leopard would be very comfortable in. But still, he was resting just a few meters from the horse. As we ob- Read more about Ariun on served him, there was almost constantly at least one raven or vulture flying above him. page 2 of this update! After the disappointment of the empty snares, it was nice to at least see a cat. For Gustaf, it was a first! The day was pretty cold, with a bone chilling wind and some snowfall, but we didn’t feel the cold as we excitedly watched the cat.

Packing Up Two days before we left, there was a Camel Race close to base camp. We had thought about entering the race for a moment, but then, probably wisely, decided against trying our hands at camel racing. Anyway, just before leaving camp, I noticed a big pile of meat in our driver Miji’s ger. I asked him if it was a horse, and he replied that it was a camel. I joked and asked if it was the camel that finished last in the race. I don’t believe he was joking when he said that it was… Life can be hard out here in the Gobi, but I will miss it nonetheless.”

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Update from the Field

Following the Cats

Ariun is quickly earning the nickname “Genghis” based on the vast area that he is occupying. Ariun’s monthly estimated home range is 463 km². He is constantly moving over the area all the way from the west of Khashaa’s home range to Tosonbumba and hills southwest of Tost. His range has also overlapped with F7 and F8. Ariun’s range has been larger than all of his male counterparts, Aztai, Bayartai and Tsagaan. This is such a testament to why long-term studies are important.

M9 continues to spend his time in the Nemegt Mountains. His collar is set to drop off in the spring of 2013 and unless he returns to Tost or Tosonbumba, giving us an opportunity to re-collar him, we may not be able to retrieve more information from him after the collar is dropped.

Aztai’s range is constantly pushed towards the east. Aztai is still overlapping with a few of Khashaa’s locations. His monthly home range has never been more than 250-270 km². His range in November/early December has been about 200 km² It has been interesting to observe the variation in home range sizes based on Aztai and Ariun’s locations.

None of the collared males are consistently overlapping with Khashaa’s range. She has maintained a steady range over the past three years over an area of about 85 km² and has had a few encounters with Aztai. Based on research camera evidence, she is currently thought to be with cubs.

F7, nicknamed Agnes, has the largest monthly home range than any other collared female, so far averaging 334 km². She has been spending the majority of her time in Tosonbumba, although she has had occasional expeditions lasting about a week more towards the southwest of Tost and northeast of Tosonbumba, where F8 has been spending her time. It looks like an adult mother- daughter pair tolerating each other while maintaining different core areas of movement.

F8 has been spending most of her time towards the southwest of Tost and northeast of Tosonbumba. Her monthly range has been around 244 km²

F9, nicknamed Shinejh, has been occupying the area we have known her to ever since we first photographed her in 2010. In the past month, she has been using an area of about 175-200 km² and although she avoids spending much time in the northern badlands, data points show she spent a short time there, perhaps over a kill.

Our long-term snow leopard study in Mongolia is a joint project of the Snow Leopard Trust, Panthera, and the Snow Leopard Conservation Fund and is in collaboration with the Mongolia Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism and the Pg. 2 Mongolia Academy of Sciences. (more information can be found at www.snowleopard.org and www.panthera.org).

Update from the Field Country Program Updates

This has been an incredible year for snow leopards! We are pleased to share with you just a few of the major accomplishments you helped make possible this year—and some of the big developments you can look forward to in 2013.

India

In June, 160 students and teachers from rural Himalayan schools attended eco-camps in to learn about snow leopards and their fragile environment. The experience of living in tents and being in the wilderness is exciting for most students—very different from their usual school experience indoors. Many say that learning about plants and animals around them, about which they knew very little, has made them feel proud of their natural and cultural heritage and take more interest in preserving it. One student said of her experience, “I saw and learned a lot in this camp, which I didn’t know earlier. I learned that each creature has a right to exist on earth. I’ll tell my fellow villagers to look after our pastures.” – Rinchen Dolma

Mongolia

In Mongolia, we haven’t stopped at having a 6500 km² area declared as a Local Protected Area for snow leopards. We secured support from three of the six lev- els of government necessary to elevate the snow leopard habitat surrounding our long-term study site into a protected National Reserve. Rapid mining in southern Mongolia poses a great future challenge to snow leopards and we are moving as fast as we can to elevate the conservation status of the area. More than 50 wom- en participated in a design summit workshop aimed at improving the quality of Snow Leopard Enterprise camel wool products to increase household incomes for communities who share the snow leopard’s habitat.

Long-term Study

During spring, we tracked two collared females to active den sites—a first for snow leopard science. Our team was able to collect vital data that will ultimately help us understand more about cub survival. In August, research cameras photographed both moms out and about with their growing (and playing!) cubs.

China A camera study in a small part of ’s Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve revealed an estimated 41 snow leopards. Researcher Li Juan successfully defended at Peking University to become the first woman to complete a field ecology Ph.D. on snow leopards.

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Update from the Field Snow Leopard Trust Country Highlights

Pakistan

In we successfully worked with over 1,300 herders to vaccinate 16,000 livestock in return for snow leopard conservation com- mitments. This program has been so successful that we’re expanding it into three new valleys. We also carried out intensive camera trapping in three national parks (Broghil, Qurambar, and Deosai) covering more than 5000 km2 through 200 camera stations, and documented a diverse community of carnivores including snow leopards. In December, Paki- stan’s wildlife conservation experts, government officials and foreign diplomats gathered in Islamabad for World Conservation Day and vowed to take further steps to protect the country’s snow leopards.

Kyrgyzstan

This month the Snow Leopard Trust, World Bank, NABU, and the Government of hosted a Global Snow Leopard Conservation Workshop. For the first time since the snow leopard was placed on the endangered species list, government officials of all 12 snow leopard range countries, scientists, and other leaders in con- servation came together to develop National Action Priorities to safeguard the en- dangered snow leopards and their high mountain ecosystems. We also continued to work with communities participating in our improved Snow Leopard Enterprises program. We hope to see some new handicrafts from Kyrgyzstan in 2013.

Overall, thanks to your support, our field programs in the five most important snow leopard range countries, and our activities at the global level, are having a measurable benefit for snow leopards and their environment. So far our 2012 monitoring shows that there has been no retaliatory killing or poaching of snow leopards in any of our program communities. In Mongolia, the population of snow leopards in our long-term study site has remained stable over the past four years. And surveys in program sites in India indicate increasing wild prey populations and higher diversity and abundance of plant and bird species.

In 2013, as we continue these important grassroots programs, we will also continue working at a global level. In the coming year, we will be working with WWF, US Agency for International Development (USAID), the President of Kyrgyzstan and members of the World Bank’s Global Tiger Initiative to advance research and conservation for snow leopards across their range. For the first time, snow leopard conservation is moving to the forefront of the political stage within Central Asia and we are grateful that you have helped our country teams grow in capacity and promi- nence so they can take leadership roles in these efforts.

Thank you again and we look forward to working with you in 2013 as we continue to build a brighter and healthier future for these amazing cats.

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