106884e_B Gardens.qxp 8/3/16 7:47 AM Page 1

Map & Guide Series

Hudson River Valley Landscapes and Gardens National Heritage Area, New York in the Hudson River Valley hudsonrivervalley.com

he spirit of the Hudson River Valley lives not only in art and legend but also in the delicate balance of natural and human forces that T have shaped the land. Together they create a special place where gardens and landscapes are both inspired and inspiring. Here you will find the views and vision that stimulated a national artistic movement, a model for land conservation practices, and historic gardens that shaped the American landscape design profession.

Kykuit, the Rockefeller family’s Gilded-Age landscape at Sleepy Hollow Garden and landscape photos by Mick Hales unless otherwise credited

The Natural Environment countless visitors to the valley’s natural Working Landscapes Settlement patterns followed early Millions of years of dynamic geologic wonders. English social reformer Harriet Early land-use patterns shaped land- agricultural developments and natural forces have stimulated human encounters Martineau gazed upon the Hudson in scape gardening practices in the Hudson landforms. In the 1700s, roads were with the landscape. The mountains, River Valley. The same land that the laid down, buildings constructed, and valleys, ridges, and plateaus framing the American Indians cleared for cultivation forests substantially cleared for agriculture Hudson River create one of the most would one day become open space and timber. These early developments spectacular landscape settings in the features of the region’s foreground vistas. established the spatial organization and world. circulation patterns that helped shape landscape gardening in the 1800s. Since the beginning of its exploration, the valley environment has cast its spell Fieldstone walls crisscrossing the land- upon those who ventured here. Henry scape, acres of orchards like those Hudson arrived in 1609 seeking a north- marking the entrance to Montgomery ern passage to Asia but found instead “a Place in Annandale-on-Hudson, and pleasant Land to see.” Two centuries transcendental delight: “I experienced large farming fields now preserved later, Washington Irving described a walk a sensation which I have often heard of, as open space recall the valley’s rich along the Hudson as “a continual reverie.” but never quite believed in; the certainty agricultural heritage and how it shapes that one has awakened in another world.” the way we experience the land. Others could not escape the Hudson These mystic qualities in the natural Poets’ Walk (above), a picturesque landscape at Barrytown River Valley’s bewitching effect. The environment remain today at the heart Montgomery Place (far left), a Romantic landscaped view published journals of European travelers of the region’s distinctive landscapes of the Hudson River, Annandale-on-Hudson following the American Grand Tour drew and gardens. Untermyer Gardens (left)

Manitoga, a celebration of nature restored, Garrison Boscobel, a Romantic and classically inspired Mohonk Mountain House, formal gardens in a Vanderbilt Mansion, a country place era Innisfree, a blending of graceful Asian art forms, Millbrook Albany Rural Cemetery, an example of a landscape in Garrison Charles Lyle natural setting, New Paltz landscape in Hyde Park 19th-century picturesque cemetery, Menands

Romanticism and well-ordered European-style gardens Romantic landscapes are still a prominent The Country Place Era The architectural relationship between A.J. Downing in favor of picturesque gardens. feature of the region’s character. They Rising industrial fortunes during the house and garden is brilliantly demon- Inspired by the valley’s Gracefully written and handsomely exist in the wisteria vine-clad walls of decades following the Civil War paved strated by Francis Hoppin’s terraced natural scenery, artists, illustrated, this book became an Irving’s cottage at Sunnyside, the vistas to the way for new patterns of landscape garden for Blithewood at Annandale-on- writers, poets, and land- immediate success, and Downing’s water’s edge from the Vanderbilt gardening rooted in country and resort Hudson and Beatrix Farrand’s walled scape gardeners of the principles established a national style Mansion in Hyde Park, and the views life. Family names like Rockefeller, garden at Bellefield in Hyde Park. The 19th century developed for landscapes and gardens in harmony crafted from the landscape by Vanderbilt, and Astor were behind garden at Wethersfield in Amenia is a an American version of with nature. artist Frederic E. Church at the second celebration of landscape modern example of this strict adherence A.J. Downing Olana in Hudson. “I can gardening in the Hudson River Valley. to order and symmetry. Romanticism. They favored By Calvert Vaux, simplicity, naturalism, and Century Association Downing had a profound influence on make more and better The clipped arborvitae emotion over 18th-century preferences Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert landscapes in this way,” While landscapes essentially maintained walls, reflecting pools, for classicism, order, and rationale. Vaux, designers of Central Park in New Church said, “than by their Romantic character, gardens built marble ornament, and York City as well as other important tampering with canvas and between 1890 and 1940 were more struc- statuary are trademark A native of the Hudson River Valley, parks across the country. As a tribute to paint in the studio.” tured to complement palatial houses features of country Andrew Jackson Downing was the most their mentor, Olmsted and Vaux created built by American millionaires. Terracing place gardening design. a park in Downing’s name for Newburgh. Calvert Vaux and axial arrangements are typical features influential landscape gardening expert in New-York Historical Society 19th-century America. He wrote dozens among gardens associated with the strict Frederick Law Olmsted symmetry of the era’s formal architecture. Beatrix Farrand of articles for horticultural magazines John Singer Sargent, Biltmore Estate, Asheville University of California, Berkeley and in 1841 published his first book, A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, a rejection of the

Washington Irving’s Sunnyside, a Romantic landscape at Tarrytown. Historic Hudson Valley

Masters and Masterworks The Hudson River Valley possesses garden and landscape styles that represent changes in American tastes over a 200-year period. The valley is a treasury of pioneering gardening design for the region and the nation. Beauty in the Balance Downing’s influence was preceded by that of André The arts and garden design continue to flourish Parmentier, one of the first professional designers in the Hudson River Valley. Its paintings, gardens, working in the United States. The pleasure grounds he and landscapes are important representations of designed for Dr. David Hosack at Hyde Park survive our national cultural heritage. Yet its most significant largely intact at Vanderbilt Mansion. contribution may be the spirit of living in harmony with the land—a tradition exemplified by the writings The 20th century heralded an era of innovation and of naturalist John Burroughs and the grass-roots changing attitudes in landscape gardening concepts. effort to save Storm King Mountain and the Industrial designer Russel Wright purchased an Hudson Highlands. 80-acre tract of land that had been laid nearly bare by decades of logging and quarrying. For 30 years The Hudson River Valley’s landscapes and gardens he cultivated this barren land, diverted a stream to fill survive because individuals and communities have the old quarry and create a pond, and built a house. worked to balance man-made gardens and landscapes Manitoga is a model of ecological design, he said, with the beauty of the waters and ridges. If Washington a celebration of nature restored “to help people Irving were alive today, he would still witness the experience the wonder of nature in a new and charisma of the valley “undergoing a thousand intensely personal way.” mutations under the magical effects of atmosphere.”

English garden designer Russell Page combined horticulture, landscape architecture, and modern sculpture into the Donald M. Kendall Sculpture Gardens at PepsiCo headquarters in Purchase. This world-class garden features more than 40 works by major international sculptors ranging from Auguste Wethersfield (above), a formal classical garden Rodin to Alexander Calder in an integrated setting in Amenia of ever-changing plant colors and fragrances. Sculpture by Richard Erdman at Kendall Sculpture Gardens at PepsiCo (above right), Purchase A major feat of modern landscape engineering, and Olana (left), August view across the Lake, photo by a most rewarding experience, may be enjoyed in a Melanie Hasbrook 2014 drive along the Taconic State Parkway as you tour the Sculpture by Alexander Calder at Storm King Art valley’s landscapes and gardens. This highly acclaimed Center (right), Mountainville parkway is both a sophisticated interpretation of highway design and a celebration of the region’s natural beauty and agricultural heritage. 106884e_B Gardens.qxp 8/3/16 7:47 AM Page 2

Map & Guide Series Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area, New York Landscapes and Gardens in the Hudson River Valley hudsonrivervalley.com 4 Upper Hudson 32 Washington Park, three blocks west of Oakwood Cemetery, 50 101st St., Troy, 9 Schuylerville Empire State Plaza, Albany, washington- oakwoodcemetery.org—Oakwood exem- 87 parkconservancy.org— Graveled walks plifies 19th-century rural cemeteries: stone Victory ll 29 n Ki 29 atte wind through knolls and swales in Albany’s monuments, statues, waterfalls, winding SARATOGA B SPRINGS 22 “Central Park” designed by Frederick Law roads, ponds, arboretum, mausoleums and 4 Olmsted and Calvert Vaux. The park chapels, and views of the Hudson River. 32

e k Cambridge includes specimen trees, a six-acre lake, a L a and gardenesque-style beds planted with g

o t 50,000 tulips each spring to highlight Taconic State Parkway, Columbia,

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S Albany’s annual Tulip Festival. Dutchess, Putnam, and Westchester counties—As head of the Taconic State sic Rive oo r Albany Rural Cemetery, Cemetery Ave., Park Commission, Franklin Delano 4 H Round 67 Menands, albanyruralcemetery.org—More Roosevelt was instrumental in developing Kykuit, a blending of classical landscape Bellefield, a country place era garden in Hyde Park Lake than 460 acres of landscaped grounds and this 105-mile parkway that showcases architectural practices at Sleepy Hollow Mechanicville N O monuments mark the burial sites of many picturesque scenery and views of farms o l r d t h 9 w C distinguished national figures. and mountain ranges. a h y a m

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90 o C h a ites reflecting the region's landscapes and gardening traditions are a w n a H k o Olana, 5720 Route 9G south of Rip Van Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 4097 Albany shown on this map of the Hudson River Valley National Heritage 87 l o R s S i Erie ic v Winkle Bridge, Hudson, olana.org— Post Rd., Hyde Park, 800-FDR-VISIT Area. For more information, use the websites listed with the site e Canal R r i v SCHENECTADY e 890 r Sculpting the landscape as if he were nps.gov/hofr— Century-old formal rose descriptions to the right of the map.For information about other sites 7 Waterford Grafton Lakes and hospitality in the valley,use this website: hudsonrivervalley.com Rotterdam Park creating one of his magnificent paintings, and perennial beds enclosed by a wall of Frederic E. Church developed Olana’s clipped hemlock provide the setting for a 90 5 Oakwood Cemetery Latham 2 N grounds with a Romantic’s eye to composi- simple monument marking the burial sites ew

88 Yo rk 2 tion, balance, and fidelity to nature. of the President and Eleanor Roosevelt. To S ta te T understand FDR’s appreciation of the natural hr 20 uw Albany Rural Cemetery a ALBANY y Opus 40, 50 Fite Rd., Saugerties, opus40.org— environment, visit his Top Cottage retreat.

9 TROY Schoharie Sculptor Harvey Fite worked for 37 years Cobleskill 90 4 St. Agnes Cemetery Washington Park E to create this six-acre masterpiece of stone Wethersfield, 214 Pugsley Hill Rd., Amenia, 145 30 paths, ramps, terraces, and fountains in an wethersfieldgarden.org—A splendid exam- 88 Thacher Path Park abandoned bluestone quarry. ple of classical garden design in the United ng Lo 85 443 States, Wethersfield’s 10-acre garden was Middleburgh Burden Blithewood, Bard College, Annandale-on- designed to draw visitors through room- 443 Lake NG 90 Hudson, inside.bard.edu/arboretum/gardens/ like enclosures and green corridors to hid- 66 —Blithewood’s terraced garden, designed den recesses and elevated lookouts with

9W A 85 k 32 e in the Italianate style by Francis Hoppin views of the 1,200-acre Wethersfield Farm 145 re C k about 1900, is a classic example of country and surrounding mountain ranges East o o Nassau h r R place era design featuring ordered perennial 30 Rensselaerville 20 e d 85 9 n i beds, terraced garden rooms, and a pergola Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, K Dormansville 87 with views of the Hudson and distant 181 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, Catskills. A.J. Downing designed the garden’s 845-677-5359—The Institute’s 2,000 acre PITTSFIELD Romantic surroundings for a previous owner. campus features scenic trails, a perennial Old Chatham NEW YORK 20 garden with educational display beds, a 295 Montgomery Place, Annandale-on-Hudson, native plant garden with activity sheets for C 32 bard.edu—This historic site includes over children, and a tropical greenhouse with atski 66 23 ll C Kinderhook 90 Schoharie re 203 Durham e IC 400 acres tended and shaped by one family over 1,200 plant species. k Reservoir 145 Chatham Lenox for nearly 200 years. A.J. Downing provided th COXSACKIE Grand Gorge Long Pa advice on the gardens and landscape and Innisfree, 362 Tyrrel Rd., Millbrook, N contributed plants from his Newburgh innisfreegarden.org—Inspired by Chinese 22 203 90 7 nursery. The early 20th-century gardens painting and landscape concepts, Walter and Prattsville Windham 23 Austerlitz are notable and extensive. Marion Beck designed something altogether 9W 66 Stockbridge Cairo 9H original in this lush 200-acre natural setting ay w k r Poets’ Walk, River Road (County Road of garden experiences. Lester Collins bor- a

P 30 296 22 23A e t 103), 0.6 of a mile north of Kingston- rowed from Japanese practices to incorporate

23 a t MASS. S S Rhinecliff Bridge, Barrytown, scenichud- individual gardens into a graceful art form. c 217 i HUDSON n N 32 o Catskill c son.org, ext. 270—Follow the footsteps of I a Great Hunter T Barrington Washington Irving and Fitz-Greene Halleck Locust Grove, 2683 South Rd. (U.S. 9), A Olana TACO T 23A 23 Hillsdale who took inspiration from this 19th-century Poughkeepsie, lgny.org—Artist-

Tannersville er 57 42 N Palenville iv 23 picturesque landscape designed in part by inventor Samuel F.B. Morse created a R n o U s Hans Jacob Ehlers. The path winds through 150-acre landcape garden here in 1852. 28 d Margaretville u Taconic wooded dells and open fields with vistas This garden has been enhanced by flower O H 82 Fleischmans 9 Park 214 M 9W to the river. gardens designed in the 1890s and a 30 32 Germantown Copake Falls ek 87 heirloom vegetable garden. re 9G Lake C s Taghkanic u Vanderbilt Mansion, 4097 Albany Post Rd., 7 p Park

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c Hyde Park, nps.gov/vama—A.J. Downing Vassar College Arboretum, 124 Raymond E 212 Kill L Tivoli nsen Taconic called this country place era site “one of Ave., Poughkeepsie, vassar.edu— Ja 212 Park L Woodstock ff the finest specimens of … Landscape More than 230 tree species comprise the Catskill Opus 40 eli I Ro Bearsville Blithewood Canaan Gardening in America.” Features include vast arboretum on the 1,000-acre Vassar 9W 22 44 K Annandale- 82 a 200-acre setting of pleasure grounds, campus, which includes a Shakespeare on-Hudson Montgomery S Park Taconic specimen trees, and an Italianate garden garden, a native plant preserve, and an 28 Poets' Place 32 Red Park T Walk 44 redesigned for Frederick W. Vanderbilt by ecological preserve. Hook 199 199 199 Pine James Greenleaf, a founder of the American A Plains 28A Millerton Society of Landscape Architects. Mohonk Mountain House, 1000 Mountain C Ashokan Reservoir Rest Road, New Paltz, mohonk.com— RHINEBECK Bellefield, 4097 Albany Post Rd., Hyde Founded by the Smiley family in 1869, KINGSTON k Rhinecliff e e r Park, 800-FDR-VISIT—Bellefield mansion Mohonk Mountain House boasts a C

r e serves as a National Park Service office, but Victorian flowering garden and views of g 9 in p 82 the walled garden designed in 1912 by the Catskills and Hudson River Valley. 209 p Staatsburg a W Wethersfield Beatrix Farrand is open to the public. Neversink L 9W o Amenia Reservoir n The garden is composed of axial lines Minnewaska Carriage Trails, U.S. 44/Route g 9G Cornwall Rondout P linking house and landscape but tempered 55 five miles west of Route 299, New Paltz, a Vanderbilt Bridge N High

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Reservoir h 22 e Falls Mansion Cary Institute of v l with Farrand’s characteristic unimposing nysparks.com—This network of 19th-century e 44 i r HYDE PARK Ecosystem Studies ra s T in symmetry and softness of line. English-style carriage roads and trails leads day-hikers k Mountain House Gardens Millbrook n ia R Kerhonkson ch iv la borders feature perennial plants in combi- through a diverse 20,000-acre landscape of e Home of FDR a r Innisfree p S p y Bellefield 44 Dover nations based on color harmony, bloom cool hemlock groves, rocky outcrops, lakes, k NEW PALTZ a A e N w Plains 7 e u r r Pleasant Valley 82 sequence, and texture. and waterfalls in the Shawangunk ridge. C I 299 h 115 t T u Minnewaska e o Preserve A t T Kent a Highland d e n t n S o m T k R r

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O Carriage Trails c Grove o 55 55 Newburgh, cityofnewburgh-ny.gov/down- 28 Deveau Rd., North Salem, Red Oaks n i M Mill c Monticello 209 9 ing-park—Frederick Law Olmsted and hammondmuseum.org—This Japanese- 87 9W S ta 376 t e CONN. Calvert Vaux created this 35-acre urban inspired landscape of inner and outer win- k P 17 K e Marlboro a e

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Wappingers a i mentor, A.J. Downing. shrubs, stone sculpture, and waterways. y k Falls ish New Milford U F Wurtsboro 9D 52 Pawling G r e Storm King Art Center, Old Pleasant Hill Rd., Rockefeller State Park Preserve, Route 117, iv Orange H R 32 o N ll Lake u Mountainville, stormking.org—America’s Sleepy Hollow, nysparks.com—Carriage ki Fishkill s all 84 a W t 17 Squantz o leading sculpture park features more than roads built by the Rockefellers wind A Montgomery n Pond i 7 c Basher r 202 R 100 works by such masters as Alexander through woodlands, meadows, and fields NEWBURGH e BEACON i W Kill v v i 52 er R Calder, Mark di Suvero, Andy Goldsworthy, and past streams, rivers, and lakes. One

9 A Downing Park n Lake Lake Brookfield o 9D and Louise Nevelson. road passes by an Olmsted-designed land- New s Carmel Candlewood

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H Windsor u 84 scape with panoramic views of the Hudson. H Stonecrop 84 S Trophy Point, U.S. Military Academy, West r Middletown 301 e 301 v Carmel 97 i 6 25 Point,—The Hudson bends around Trophy Kykuit, US 9, Sleepy Hollow, 209 R Washingtonville L Cold Spring 84 k o in in n East Branch Point and Constitution Island—a picturesque hudsonvalley.org--The terraced beaux arts s g ta Storm King r n Reservoir ve P u Art Center Boscobel Brewster DANBURY e at o panorama celebrated by artists. Susan and gardens designed for the Rockefeller family N 84 Goshen h M Mountainville k n 32 Garrison Anna Warner maintained a garden on the include fountains, ornamental structures, Port Jervis 94 u 22 em s Trophy Point/ Bethel n d Mahopac island that was the inspiration for Susan’s and a collection of contemporary sculpture un West Point 9W 6 Hammond Chester h n 684 Sc a Manitoga Japanese 6 l Gardening by Myself. by Pablo Picasso, Alexander Calder, Henry 17 h Stroll g 202 i Gardens Moore, and others. Monroe H 6 22 Perkins Drive and Tower, Bear Mountain n o 94 s Perkins Drive 202 Yorktown State Park, nysparks.com—Located within Donald M. Kendall Sculpture Gardens at d 35 Ridgefield Peekskill l and Tower i u 35 the Palisades Park, Perkins Tower provides PepsiCo, Anderson Hill Rd., Purchase,

a r H T 7 s Lake stunning views of Hudson River Valley icons, —PepsiCo’s headquarters features 168 n d New Katonah a i n Tiorati h l a Croton including Bear Mountain Bridge, West acres of lush lawns, ponds, fountains, and c 17A Res. a h Warwick 9 l g a y Point, Storm King, and Fort Montgomery. flower gardens created by English land- i a p Stony Ta Pound H w Mount p Harriman P k c r a Point Ridge A Sterling a Kisco scape designer Russell Page as a setting for l o

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City k Rockefeller grass garden, raised alpine stone beds, cliff P w a State Park NORWALK r a k y rock gardens, an enclosed English-style Washington Irving’s Sunnyside, West w Sleepy Preserve a Spring y Hollow Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area 87 (P flower arden, a display Alpine House, and Sunnyside Lane at U.S. 9, Tarrytown, 287 Valley I P 15 The Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area is a federally Suffern ) NYACK a collection of choice dwarf bulbs. hudsonvalley.org—These grounds reflect STAMFORD funded program created by Congress in 1996. The mission of the Kykuit 95 Irving’s view of art, nature, and history Nanuet Heritage Area is to recognize, preserve, protect, and interpret 87 287 287 TARRYTOWN Boscobel, 1601 Route 9D, Garrison, and represent one of the best-documented Pearl 9W Kendall Sculpture the nationally significant cultural and natural resources of the River Gardens 287 boscobel.org—The Federal-era home of Romantic landscapes in America. Irving Hudson River Valley for the benefit of the nation. The Heritage Purchase D Lake Piermont Sunnyside GREENWICH N States and Elizabeth Dyckman was relocated arranged the garden paths, trees and

y U k Area and the National Park Service funded the production of this Tappan a o w O o in the 1950s to its present 68-acre site. The shrubs, vistas, and water features to N.J. r k r S B a WHITE 287 map and guide. Please send your comments or map revisions to y 87 n a P i PLAINS classically inspired landscape features rose appear natural. a D w e ) r t k p a 22 r P N Hudson River Valley Greenway, 625 Broadway, 4th Floor, I t r S a S e 208 Oradell P v

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Albany, NY 12207; call 518-473-3835; or S o a s

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w land trail, and vistas of the river and Untermyer Park and Gardens, Yonkers,

S tc k I r k u a r E P email [email protected]. n H a e 9 P G Hudson Highlands. untermyergardens.org - The private estate d

r Untermyer Gardens e a D N hudsonrivervalley.com t G a t O of Samuel Untermyer from 1899 to 1940. s PARAMUS r YONKERS e A 95 L t 208 n 20 I Manitoga, 584 Route 9D, Garrison, The Walled Garden is the finest example S MT. VERNON Hudson River Valley PATERSON 4 s North e d visitmanitoga.org—Industrial designer of a Persian garden in the Western National Heritage Area I NEW ROCHELLE Englewood a s boundary 80 i l a L Russel Wright transformed this former Hemisphere. The Vista is ornamented with HACKENSACK P

Huntington A Glen Cove Appalachian Trail y quarry and logging site into an ecological ancient Roman monolithic columns that a 95 Oyster w 80 k P Bay Huntington r gem. It includes Wright’s house, studio, are 2000 years old. The Temple of Love is a a 95 Station P

Long Path e Passaic Caldwell t 95 Port 75-acre woodland garden landscaped with magnificent rocky garden with multiple a Syosset Woodbury t

S 3 Washington 21 n native wildflowers, ferns, and mosses, and waterfalls. e 9A 87 d r 295 a 678 trails that connect with the Appalachian G 01 5 10 Kilometers 495 280 95 95 Trail and Hudson Highlands State Park. This brochure was produced by writer-curator 0 15 10 Miles Frank Futral; editor Bruce Hopkins; Kirilloff 3 Design; and Mapping Specialists, 2007. Updated in 2016 495

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