Edmonton Coin Show - New Venue - Page 26 www.edmontoncoinclub.com VOL 58. ISSUE 4 May 2011 Edmonton Numismatic Society

$4.25 The Planchet

It’s a nickel?

Evolution of ’s Arms

Styles Page 13 What a ‘Find’! of a Godess VOL 58. ISSUE 4 May 2011 The Planchet

Other Stuff Feature Articles

6 A Penny’s Worth 3 Message From The President It’s All About Production The author discusses production 3 Next Meeting techniques and how varieties can be created. by Marc Bink 5 About Your Society

Coin Collecting in 16 Ancient/Medieval Elementary School 13 Sometimes You Just Gotta Have Style Some ancient coins were minted with the My Finds 17 same obverse and reverse for centuries. But they are not all to be treated equally. The 31 Coming Events /Classified / New Members author explores tetradrachms from the mint of Side and how their style changed through the years. by Terence Cheesman The Planchet Team: Editor-In-: Roger Grove Content Editor: Chris Hale Co-Editors: Pierre Driessen & Pro Dolecta Exonumiae Marc Bink 18 On- Distribution: Pierre Canada’s Odd Man Out Driessen The evolution of Canada’s national arms and Printing and Mailing: Howard their appearance on coinage. Gilbey by Pierre Driessen

ON THE COVER: Photo of Athena’s Temple and of a statue of Athena (http://www.testriffic.com/user/ KaiyleeCollins; http://www1.fccj.cc.fl.us). The ENS wishes to thank Mr. Lawrence Scott Centuries of obverses of Athena tetradrachms from Side. LM644 for his generous donation of $15.00 to

Disclaimer:The opinions herein are those of the the club individual authors and are not necessarily those of the Edmonton Numismatic Society. The editors, at their sole discretion, reserve the right to 2011 © The Planchet May accept refuse any material submitted for publication. 2 Message from the President David Peter

The Royal Wedding has left the world with an eye on the monarchy. The has struck some new royal family coins, and we’ve seen a resurgence in interest in the monarchy. I recently walked through an antique mall and was impressed to see how many British collectibles have made their way to the fronts of the counters. Hopefully, this will also pique the interest of some would-be numismatic collectors.

Spring is here, and I know that like myself, many of you will have spring home projects. I hope that you will still have the time to stop by the Wednesday, May 11th meeting at the Royal Alberta Museum.

As mentioned at last month’s meeting, we have secured a new venue for the upcoming fall show. This venue will have a fully functioning hotel with all amenities. Also, the room is much more similar to ballrooms used in the past, with one level. This need for a new venue resolves several issues that we had with the previous location, including wheel chair accessibility.

We wish to thank Jeremy Martin and his wife for volunteering to host the 2011 ENS Annual BBQ on June 25. This event is open to all current ENS members and their better halves. The address is 8510 - 10 Avenue NW (Millwoods).

David @ The Next Meeting Wednesday, May 11, 2011

Royal Alberta Museum, 12845 - 102 Avenue Meeting Start Time 7:15pm

- club matters - 2011 November show update - silent auction - door prize draws - show and tell

- Movie: The Ascent of Money - part 3 2011

For more information regarding these events, or to add an item to the agenda please send an email to [email protected]

P.O. Box 78057, RPO Callingwood, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T5T 6A1 © The Planchet May 3 Northgate Stamp & Coin 12516 118 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta. T5L2K6 www.northgatestampandcoin.com Edmonton’s Fastest Growing Coin Shop • Gold • Silver Hours of Operation • USA Coins Monday...... 10:00 - 6:00 Tuesday...... 10:00 - 6:00 • World Coins Wednesday...... 10:00 - 6:00 • Canadian Coins Thursday...... 10:00 - 6:00 Friday...... 10:00 - 6:00 • Colonial Tokens Saturday...... 10:00 - 5:00 • Provincial Coins Sunday...... CLOSED • World Paper Money Holidays...... CLOSED • Canadian Paper Money • Trade Dollars/Medallions SPECIAL OFFER TO ENS MEMBERS • Royal Canadian Mint Coins • Collector Supplies 10 % OFF • Wholesale/Retail 2010/2011 Royal Canadian Mint Coins* • & MORE!

OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTOR Valid ENS membership card required Contact: Matthew Sztym Lawayne Musslewhite * Some conditions apply. Offer does not include select special issue products, bullion,780-424-8511 or face value coins. Offer only valid with presentation of a valid ENS membership card. We withhold the right to revoke the offer at any time. About Your Society

ENS April meeting, April 14, 2011. looking for a new home as the museum will not be available to ENS Board David Peter opened the meeting us after December 2011, due to at 7:33 PM with 44 members construction. The ENS expresses 2011 Executive attending. its gratitude to the Royal Museum of Alberta for allowing us to meet David Peter - President David began by thanking all here for the past several years. Jamie Horkulak - Past members for volunteering and The executive is still working President making yet another successful on a new location for monthly show. It was the largest crowd meetings. If members have Marc Bink - Vice President we ever had at a spring show, suggestions please talk to your Pierre Driessen - Treasurer with 987 attendees. This makes executive. the attendance over the last two Roger Grove - Secretary shows just around 2,000 people. The club has a new PO Box. The Directors We also now have a rather large location that held our old PO Box Chris Hale wait list from dealers to get into was closing so we were required our shows. The Century Casino is to find a new location. The Greg Wichman booked for the dates we wanted new address is in the last The Jeremy Martin in November for the Fall Show, Planchet. Mitch Goudreau and because to the National Finals Rodeo we could not get the dates Mark Bink discussed Howard Gilbey we desired. Taking everything memberships. At the date of John Callaghan into consideration, the ENS the meeting we had more active Marv Berger executive has decided to move to members than last year and more a new location to get the dates we are coming in each day: we are Larry Priestnall want, to accommodate the larger growing our membership base. Bob Eriksson number of clients as well as to Membership cards were mailed Terry Cheesman allow for more dealers to attend. out to everyone. If you have not Ermin Chow (Junior Director) received it please talk to Marc. Our new venue will be the None to date were returned in the Webmaster: Markus Molenda Edmonton Hotel and Convention mail. Librarian: Centre (the old Highwayman Mitch Goudreau Hotel), located at 4520 - 76 Dan Gosling (President of the Show Chair: David Peter Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, RCNA) gave an update on the Social Activities: T6B 0A5; dates November 5 & RCNA’s activities. The annual Pierre Driessen 6. The room will be a traditional convention is coming this summer Facebook: Ermin Chow rectangle room as used in past and it will be in Windsor, . Twitter: bourses. The hotel is newly There will be symposia and great Roger Grove renovated with great hotel rooms fun for all. See the RCNA website PRIVACY POLICY and located on a bus route. There for more information. The next The Edmonton Numismatic Society (ENS) is plenty of parking with 700 show will be in Calgary in 2012 does not engage in the sale nor distribution of personal information to third parties for parking stalls and we will have a and then in Winnipeg in 2013. commercial purposes. All information collected separate dedicated entrance. We Dan said conventions like this is strictly for ENS internal use and purposes, to permit the ENS Executive and its agents will be hanging a banner on the are great opportunities to take to communicate with you about ENS related hotel promoting the show. spouses along and make the trip matters and to provide you with the full into a vacation for both. Dan also benefits of ENS membership. With a larger room, we would like gave a reminder of the upcoming THE PLANCHET COPYRIGHT NOTICE © Copyright 2011. All information herein, to have more displays. Please see talk at the Nickel Arts Museum in the design, style and format are the property Terry or Howard for information Calgary. of the Edmonton Numismatic Society (ENS). All rights reserved. No part hereof may be on how to do award winning reproduced in any form or medium, electronic displays. There is a natural light Break or otherwise, without the express written foyer in the front where all the consent of the ENS Executive Committee. Current members of the ENS are entitled to displays will go. Terry Cheesman gave a talk on make one (1) printed copy of this issue and

Coinage of Hannibal’s War (the to store one (1) copy in electronic format as 2011 © The Planchet May part of their membership privileges, further The club is in the process of Second Punic): 218 - 201 B.C. distribution is strictly prohibited. 5 Continued on page 25 It’s All About Production By Marc Bink

n a recent issue of The Planchet, we reported on a few new ‘varieties’ of Ithe 1943 tombac “nickel”. Dean Silver, who writes the “dts Average”, has found that there are two distinct rim types and a number of interesting dot placements1 on the reverse side of the coin. I found these intriguing and decided to look into it a little more. Unfortunately, there isn’t much written information on these coins. We don’t have access to the Mint’s internal memos and shift reports to do a detailed study. So a little extrapolation of whatever material we can find was about the only way I could explain

A Penny’s Worth what possibly happened to these coins and why. The best source Mint of London in of material is the 1908, the RCM Royal Canadian struggled for years Mint Reports that to establish its were prepared for legitimacy and the government provide a cost of the day. effective service to These reports both the Canadian list production government and figures and costs the British . associated with Finally in 1931, production. They by giving up the also break down right to mint in detail exactly Sovereigns, the RCM where the coins reestablished itself were released under full Canadian and how much control. During this was taken back period it had already in the form of started minting damaged coins coins for other by the mint. The countries as well reports have as Newfoundland a tendency to and was beginning be upbeat and to show a modest fairly vague profit. But it was still when it comes underutilized and to explaining undercapitalized. production issues By the Second though, but by World War though, “reading between the lines” it is possible to see just the RCM minting facilities were little changed how these errors or varieties came about. So what from those that were built in 1908. In 1936 a new I’m going to attempt with this article is to get some refinery was constructed to handle precious metal dialog going. I’ll set the stage, explain what I think production. This represented a great improvement may have happened, and then hopefully there will over the original cobbled together plant and be someone around that can either condemn or removed a serious bottleneck in the production confirm what I believe happened. of gold and silver bars. However, the coining area hadn’t changed much since the beginning nor had The history of the Royal Canadian Mint (RCM) up the equipment. By 1943 it was all close to 40 years until the 1940s had been one of either feast or old and nearing the end of (and in some cases had

2011 © The Planchet May famine. Established as a branch mint of the Royal surpassed) its expected service life. www.coinarchives.com; wwwclagarycoin.com www.coinarchives.com; 6 With the modernization of Canadian coinage in 1937, demand for small change had increased as older coins were withdrawn from circulation. Canadian coinage had always suffered from long use, and it wasn’t until the mid-teens that an

efficient atomizer circuit was set up to handle A Penny’s Worth defaced or worn coinage. At the time, it wasn’t profitable for either the RCM or the chartered banks to repackage and send worn or defaced coins back the Mint for re-coining, and as such many coins stayed in circulation long after their “best before” dates. The re-coinage of 1937 and the new design prompted officials to remove older coinage, creating a high demand for all denominations. By the late 30s the Canadian economy was also showing signs of emerging from the Depression, and the need for small change and inflationary pressures on the recovering economy resulted in a higher than expected demand for new coins.

The mint responded to this increased demand by adding more shifts and hiring new people. It also farmed out the production of bronze blanks to a private US firm. In addition nickel was sent to a US blank maker, even though it all originated up as a result of equipment modifications and never in Canada. Only silver was refined, rolled and as a result of adding new equipment or increasing struck into blanks for coining at the RCM facilities the amount of manpower needed to run it. Like in . The building had been expanded in most minting operations, it was either feast or 1936, but real-estate was limited, and many lines famine, and the Mill would either run flat out or or processes frequently overlapped one another. be next to idle, depending upon whether there The facility was designed initially to accommodate was a contract or not. Management would just around 50 or so employees, but by the end of the add on new shifts according to requirements. Most war there were over 340 men and women working employees were either laid-off or shunted around there. So there were bound to be problems in to other departments during the slow cycles and quality control. Physical conditions in the Mint were then recalled during high cycles. As a result, there described to be bordering on “nightmarish”, with was a large pool of trained people around, and most old machines constantly rattling and the heat from lived fairly well considering they were in essence the near-by furnaces driving temperatures in the seasonal workers. The RCM at the time didn’t have working area to incredible heights. Needless to say that luxury, and in 1940 reported that it was taking accidents and exhaustion, coupled with frequent on more unskilled employees to handle the load. breakdowns of equipment not used to working at These people required a lot of supervision before either such increased rates or in a hot environment, they could be deemed competent to run equipment were probably rife. on their own.

My own experiences working in the Sherritt Rolling The lack of skilled workers was probably a large Mill have provided me with some understanding problem that the mint probably never really got of what those people might have lived through. around until after the war. With Britain’s declaration We used to make blanks of every shape and of war in 1939 and the subsequent Canadian description for local and foreign customers. In the obligation to follow the mother country’s lead, a front end we had two large furnaces, but the “hot large number of skilled men took up arms and left line” and the punching equipment were located their places of employment for Europe. Losing this in another room not too far away. Between was a pool of skilled people would surely create problems myriad of strip slitters, annealing tanks, dryers, in production quality as unskilled men and women scrap cutters, and upstairs was the atomizer, also would have to be trained from scratch. There is a source of heat. In winter the whole building was a good possibility that management would have “comfortable”, but in summer it was oppressively had to do most of the training, since their skilled hot. Our facility frequently handled more than it operators were probably setting up the “off-shift”. was designed to do, but the increases were made This would imply that any training would have only been basic and incomplete, with semi-skilled 2011 © The Planchet May 7 1943 tombac - “Step-Rim” (left) and “Flat-Rim” (right) as seen in “My Finds” in The Planchet, Volume 58, Issue 3, April 2011. A Penny’s Worth

operators and some skilled people handling most and was a savings for the government. of the load and the more complex duties. The age of the equipment and its state of repair implies By 1942 it was also apparent that nickel supplies that certain pieces of equipment had “knacks” that were drying up. Nickel was considered a strategic only the most experienced operators would have material, and production of it was relegated to known about and been able to work around. The wartime work. Coinage was considered trivial and likelihood of any trainers being aware of these not necessary. A new material had to be found for sorts of things would be pretty low. Mint reports the nickel coins quickly, because demand for them from 1942 and 1943 indicate that machinery and had increased. Halfway through the 1942 run nickel training concerns were prevalent, however this supplies were exhausted, and the -zinc alloy isn’t reflected in terms of production which steadily called “tombac” was introduced. To differentiate increased during this time. It was also reported between the slightly smaller penny the coin was to that overtime and extra shifts were required at be made dodecagonal, or 12 sided, a move inspired this time to keep production up. One of the ways by the British 3 Pence piece introduced in 1937 in the mint did mitigate the high cost of labour and the UK. man-hours was to farm out the bronze blanks for the penny and bring in melting furnaces to handle Which brings us back again to the human element bronze and silver alloys more quickly. Buying the of production. While some people obviously had bronze from other suppliers also freed up some pretty creative ideas as to how to approach the needed capacity in the rolling mills that supplied production problem, it still didn’t remove the the coinage presses. There were seven coinage one rogue element of any successful production, presses capable of handling around 5 million coins people. Trained staff is crucial to making a a week, but the rolling mills could only supply half quality product. Having the resources in place to of that. This also allowed them to continue on constantly train new employees is very important

2011 © The Planchet May without any substantial reinvestment in equipment too. From the looks of things, this wasn’t Photos by Dean Silver 8 A Penny’s Worth

1942 Tombac nickel with typical die cracks as seen on many of the tombac issue.

happening fast enough at the RCM. There is also was out of the question. Add the German U-boat a security element one has to consider. New staff threat and shipping problems during a war into the means more security and checks, and they are after equation, and one can see that obtaining anything all making legal tender. So staff costs mushroom, from Britain would have been next to impossible. and equipment purchases languish. There is no So to get the design from the drawing phase denying that the RCM didn’t achieve the totals and into production as fast as the Mint did was quite the goals it set out to do, the mint reports prove an achievement. However, there were obviously that. The coins do tell some of the hidden story problems, and close scrutiny of the coins bears though. Look at any of the 1943 tombacs and you’ll this out. It looks like they did modifications to both see a myriad of small problems. In 1942 the beaver press pressure and the dies during production. design was carried over from the nickel coin then Some of the “Step-Rim” varieties look like the in production, given a 12 sided collar and made in die was undercut, and the press pressure was tombac (a mixture of 88% copper and 12% zinc). set too high. As a result the relief is higher and It was supposed to bear the new “V” reverse, but sharper. The “Flat-Rim” looks better, but the relief approval for the change was not granted in time. isn’t as sharp. Just how many were struck this The beaver reverse was known quality, very few way before the necessary changes were made is changes to the die and the press pressure would anyone’s guess, but the likelihood of being “caught” have been required to crank out these coins. early on in the run evidently didn’t happen or Besides the removal of the denticles and the change was considered irrelevant, because the overall in metallic composition, these coins would have appearance of the coin was not obviously affected. been made with minimal disruption on the line and For all we know there could have been at least two little retraining. The toughest part would have been presses striking the same denomination at that to set up the presses to collar the new 12 sided time, with the end result being that no two coins in design, but once set, the machines probably would a roll were exactly the same. have continued on without much trouble. This brings up another consideration. In 1943 However, the new V design presented some approximately 4000 dies were consumed. Generally, problems. It was almost entirely made by hand. a set of dies will strike up to 700,000 pieces Thomas Shingles, the chief engraver at the Mint, before coming apart or wearing to the point of cut the matrix and the master tooling by hand. The uselessness. The old rule was always this; the 2011 RCM did not own a reducing machine at that time larger the coin, the less the die life. Metallic content and had previously had all of that work prepared also played a role in die life. Nickel is a very hard in either London or Paris. Since the metal to strike, whereas silver and bronze are was busy, and the Paris mint was under enemy not. The use of unskilled labour in die production management, getting anything done traditionally is impossible; dies are made by highly skilled © The Planchet May www.numicanada.com 9 10 © The Planchet May 2011 A Penny’s Worth been uptothediscretionofshiftbossas any newonesavailable.weren’t Itwouldhave worn wouldhave beensubstitutedin,ifthere too badly cases though,anolderdiethatwasn’t the nightwas probablynotanoption.Insome would have tobedone.Shuttingdownapressfor were notreadilyavailable, andsomethingelse plants, therewereprobablytimeswherenewdies purpose. But,asisthecaseinmostproduction under lockandkey onhandintheoffshiftforthis wore out.Thereusuallywouldbeastockofdies on thelinewhenoldoneeitherbroke apartor the year before.Dieswouldhave beenchanged was, because itwas essentially acarry-over from buttheobverse sideprobably probably weren’t, not. IwouldimaginethefirstVnickel reverses role inwhetherornotthedieusedwas platedor stood uptobeingmintedprobablyalsoplayed a So dependingonhowwelltheoriginaldesign because onlyonediefaceatatimewas plated. side, andtheotherbeingnicemirror-like, see onesideofthesamecoinbearingafrosty dies was sotimeconsuming,it’s alsopossibleto and devices.Becausetheprocesstomake these like fields while theolderstyle hadfrosty fields Thechromeplateddieshadclearmirror didn’t. Some linesreceived theplateddieswhileothers finishes on1942-45coins. see twodistincttypes of is why itiscommonto the linesgotthem.This only some,butnotall dies, andhereagain, cent andthenickel treatment werethe first toreceive this chrome plated.The all workingdieswere in 1942,andby 1945 chromium platingdies increasing. Itstarted demand forcoinswas particularly nowthat way toextenddielife, had tofigureouta operators. SotheMint 1943 tombac withdiecracks 1942 tombacwithnomid-sectionhair and missingmostofleftrearfoot. source resumed fromEngland, andeventually aCanadian to producethanaround coin.Suppliesofstrip the public,even thoughitwas moreexpensive edge was retainedbecause it was popularwith the beaver reverse was resumed.The12sided of those.By1946nickel was againavailable, and problems, andthe1944issuehasitsfairshare steel planchets.Hereagain,anewmaterialmeant was selectedwhichinvolved using chromeplated these toowerehoarded.In1944anewmaterial The newdesignonlycomplicatedmatters,and many coinsbeingmade,andthensome,for1943. by thepublicandnever spent,requiringjustas decreased. The1942runwas pretty muchhoarded Demand forthetombac“nickel” never really unexplained varieties ofhooves, zeros, fours,etc. logged, andtherearealotofinterestingsofar from themidtolate40shave beenresearchedand could exist.However mostofthe50centpieces the potentialvarieties ofall thetrade dollarsthat either, andtodatenoonehascatalogedany of under “improvement”. Noonewouldbethewiser designs justbecauseofaestheticsbutdisguiseit ago atSherrittwouldpolishandmodify bad it. ButoneofthediecuttersIusedtoknowyears proof ofthisoccurring,andnoonehasadmitted of improvement. Theproblemhereis,thereisno modify adeviceever soslightlyundertheguise an error. Itwas alsoaway topersonalize adie; improvement couldhave beenseenby anotheras cutters werethesame,andwhatonesaw asan discrepancies couldanddidoccur, asnotwodie phase. Inadditionhereiswhereanumberof date, whichwouldbeaddedinatthediecutting expanded toinclude aplatingline,thecompany which hadboughtout coins from1987 until2000aswell. After theRCM Winnipeg plant was RCM from1962until2000.Sherritt madeallofthe“Loonie”dollar Alberta, whichsuppliedalmostall ofthenickelstripandblanksfor 1 This supplierwasSherritt-GordonMinesinFortSaskatchewan, 1 was found torefineandproducenickel also wouldnotbeara off ofaworkingmaster came apart.Any diesbased out andreuseduntilthey be hand-cutorpolished the runwouldfrequently been rejectedearlyonin dies thatwouldhave and strike upwell.Weak a lotofworktokeep up “die hogs’andrequired 40s. Thesecoinswere 50 centpiecesfromthe coins, particularlythe modifications onsome interesting re-cutsand one seessomepretty was available. Thisiswhy which dietouseorwhat

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2011 May Planchet The ©

A Penny’s Worth 11 ! 84660 ROPRIETOR SFTT! TAH ,P 633 ,U

OX Q 801-318-5768 B : JOU USA ORK F INNEGAN Since 2000 Since 2004 Since P.O. F N www.pennypressmint.com [email protected] P. : : ELEPHONE PANISH T S ______ELLY FOOZ! Encasing Coins of the World Encasing Coins MAIL EBSITE K E W Manufacturers of Medals & Tokens Manufacturers Q the Sherritt rolling mill decided it could no longer compete and wound The Sherritt story will be covered in a future article. the plant down. This brings me back to another human element of production; assembly line work is generally considered to be monotonous back-breaking the mind is not engaged. frequently Very labour. and task is performed over The same repetitive of the shift. After again for the duration over become desensitized a while, most operators and numb to their surroundings and the job at cases, errors or problems are not hand. In many “caught” either breaks until a piece of machinery down or someone gets hurt. Add to this equation a night shift, where the human body is already at being out of its normal sleep by a disadvantage Add the human angle and you’ve got a “perfect you’ve human angle and Add the in design unproven Here is an storm” going. dies older style metal with possibly a different in pretty an unskilled work force being made by of them The fact that any appalling conditions. speaks to the serious flaws any came out without the people control of the Mint. Obviously quality good. Most belts were very working the sorting the press would be dumped into coins coming off and then these containers would large containers, a low speed hoppers and run over be dumped into them. Since there to inspect belt for an operator only of coins passing on this belt, tons are literally out. usually were picked coins the obviously flawed I can a sorting belt in the past, worked Having and attest to the fact that this is soul-destroying while fallen off of a chair monotonous work, having Being times myself. following the belt a number of line, there is that this is essentially a production and a belt travels a certain speed with which the during a certain quota that has to be completed almost impossible to catch every shift. As such, it’s obvious. those that are really except error or flaw and die-rotation errors, die cracks This is why just There’s minute doubling are routinely missed. each coin that amount of attention. no time to give and strikes” After all, they are only “business So with this in mind, it not “numismatic” grade. dots, and raised becomes easy to see that pits, all made it into slightly different rims would have for bad eyesight checked circulation. No one ever hired to do a was If a person back then either. well at it with the certain job and did reasonably “rejects” per ton, required (or normal) amount of actually blind or was no one cared if the operator been considered a not. In fact, this would have been where they and it might have job, light-duty I know we did… sent convalescents. planchets and strip, which allowed the RCM to the allowed which strip, and planchets eventually and coins on minting concentrate some and decommission their operation streamline of the furnaces. 12 © The Planchet May 2011 A Penny’s Worth and collector coinsarestruckatthe oldfacility in cost producers anywhere in theworld.Onlyproof countries theworldover. Andit’s oneofthelowest This facility strikes coinsandhascontracts with operates astate-of-the-art facility inWinnipeg. there areunions,benefit packages,andtheRCM Things have changedquiteabitsincethen.Now t-shirt… prone toenjoy. want the Again;beenthere,don’t gratuitous boozingthatyounger peoplearemore was avery effective deterrenttohang-overs and from eitherendandsweatouttheremainder. It dead; theheatwouldcauseone’s bodytopurge In tenminuteshe’deitherbestone-coldsober or oh well,puthimonthe“hotline”tosober up. shift. Ifhewas sick,toobad;andifhewas drunk, maintain hisemployment, heshowedupforhis nowadays, soifonewanted tofeedhisfamilyand at all.Therewerenobenefitpackageslike wehave allthatpopularthen,iftheyexisted Unions weren’t so apersononlygotpaidifheshowedupforwork. fast. Backinthe1940stherewas nowelfarestate, what seemedlike agoodidea,goeswrongvery Addinsubstanceabuseorillness,and it doesn’t. dayshift. Sometimesthisworks,andsometimes be properlyaddressedandrectifiedduringthe keep thingsrunninguntiltheproblemisableto and equipmentwellenough,canbetrustedto most partskilledoperators, whoknowtheirjobs generally doneduringtheday shift,andforthe feet”. Theideahereisthatmaintenancework those thatarecapableof“thinkingontheir of theirbestpeopleonnightshifts,especially and willgowrong.Mostoutfitsusuallyputsome cycle. Itthen canbeappreciatedthatthings 1944 chromeplatedsteel. Finds” forDean’s samplesof‘dot’ varieties. 1 Seenextmonth’s June2011 editionof Endnote the mintingprocess. Various Canadian Coinage,StrikingImpressions” Haxby, JamesA., “TheRoyalCanadianMintand 1942-45, provided totheauthor by DeanSilver. Excerpts fromtheRoyal CanadianMintReports for Sources: costs undercontrolandmaximizingprofit. the sameroll.It’s stillallaboutproduction,keeping coins areexactlythesame,even iftheycomefrom will prove thatasfar asbusinessstrikes go, notwo recycled. Aquicklookatthechangeinyour pocket and oldwornoutcoinageisstillreclaimed being farmedouttootherprivate companies, blistering anddelamination.Someblanksarestill most having todowithplatingerrors,suchas processes involve awholehostofdifferentissues, with thecomplexity ofplatingcoins.Thesenew there areotherconcernsastheRCMgrapples problems. Quality controlstillisanissue,butnow any meantherearen’t element, butthatdoesn’t automation hasmitigatedalotofthehuman circulation aremadewithplatedplanchets.Process as well,nowbusinessstrike coinsintendedfor The metalliccontentofthecoinagehaschanged Ottawa, andasofthiswriting,that’s changingtoo. Wikipedia articlesoncoinmanufactureand The Planchet “My 1983

www.coinsandcanada.com Sometimes You Just Gotta By Terence Cheesman Have Style

hat is style? When one looks at an ancient coin one sometimes sees Ancient/Medieval Wthe notation “great style”. What this usually means is that the engraver of that particular die used to strike the coin was particularly gift- ed. Ancient Greek coins are often praised for the beauty of their engraving. Rightly so, as many of these coins are among the most impressive coins ever minted. Many of the coins are not only brilliant examples of the engraver’s art but also technically interesting, as Greek die cutters were very innovative with the designs they chose. However as much as we can admire the workmanship of some of these coins, it can become very evident that the coins were meant to be used. Thus often, especially with a type that has been used over a long period of time, the variation of style can be very pronounced. In some cases Greek coin types were used over a period of centuries. Athens, for example, used the basic obverse of the head of Athena with the reverse of a standing owl for over 400 years. So often the coins can merely be lumped together into basic groups with only an imprecise dating. Within the groups there are found coins with minted coins. Thus we have little understanding as exceptionally fine die engraving. Sometimes these to why the coinage was minted. Further most coins coins are found within a larger group of well are not dated, and thus the range of dates can be designed coins. Such is the case of the coins found very misleading. The coins could have been minted in Magna Graecia which today covers the region of over very a short period of intense activity, perhaps southern Italy and the island of Sicily. The coins only a few weeks within the date range, with long minted in this region have a uniformly high periods in which the mint was inactive, or being standard of die engraving, and thus the coins are used in the production of another coinage. Further avidly collected for their beauty. Occasionally complicating the situation is the use of a popular one can find a really nicely engraved coin within a type by other authorities. This happens within the group of coins that are normally of an inferior stan- ancient world quite often, and while these copies dard of die engraving. This does beg the are usually easy to spot, others are much less so. question of why? Part of the answer lies in the pro- A few years ago tetradrachms of the Seleucid King cess by which ancient coins are produced. Each die Antiochos VII, which were identified for many years had to be created by hand without any mechanical as part of his issues from the mint of Antioch, are aids other than simple grinding methods and drills. now seen to be a part of the coinage of the kings Further there was little in the way of magnifica- of Cappadocia. tion. If hubbing was being used during this period, it may have been only to create the basic shape of This is less true with Roman coins, because in the design, with all the fine details engraved later. most cases Roman coins can be dated much more These factors combine to create greater varia- precisely than the coins of the Greeks. Rome has tion among the dies than what would be the norm perhaps the best documentation of any city in the today. Thus the ancient coin engraver would have ancient world, and the Imperial coinage is often had to start from scratch literally as each die wore dated. Thus we can date some Roman coins to out. within a few months of a particular year, and we rarely have to try to make sense of the stylistic Another problem, especially with Greek coins, is variations. Even when different mints are being that we know very little about the coins. We used, the dating system can allow one to separate usually know the city that the coin was minted in the coins from one mint from the others. and an approximate date range, but much else is To try to illustrate this I have chosen to look at the lost. With very few exceptions we have little 2011 © The Planchet May information on the cities in the ancient world that tetradrachm coinage from the mint of Side in 13 14 © The Planchet May 2011 Ancient/Medieval Coin 5-Magistrate ΛEYX Coin 4-MagistrateΛEYX Coin 1-MagistrateΔEIN Coin 2-MagistrateΔE Coin 3-MagistrateΣI Roman sphereofinfluence. Itisnotknown ifthis the powerofpirates, andSidepassedintothe In 63B.C. theRoman general Pompey destroyed it becameawellknown centrefortheslave trade. during thefirstcentury B.C. andbecauseofthis, virtually controlledthe Mediterranean Sea was rightinthecentreofpirate kingdomthat town filledwithcutthroatsandthieves. Thecity Side gainedarather unsavoury reputationasaport some time,perhapswellintothefirstcentury B.C. Unlike theotherscoinageofSidecontinuedfor by theSeleucidKingdom. Great, astheyshareacountermarkplacedon them coins whichstillretainedthetypes ofAlexanderthe minted ataboutthesametimeasothercivic usually abbreviated. We know that these coins were magistrate inchargeofthemintingcoins, of Side.Completingthedesignisname the appearing togetheronearlierissuesofthecoinage all asNike isoftenassociatedwithAthena, both even besure ifithadany specialsignificanceat the region,butwecannotbecertain.We cannot the independencefromothercitieswithin the freedomgainedfromPtolemiesorperhaps this commemorated isunknown.Itmay symbolize pomegranate, thesymbolofcity ofSide.What a wreathwhichsymbolizes avictory, over a Nike, thegoddessVictory, advancing leftholding style .Thereverse featuredthefigureof was thebust ofAthena wearingaCorinthian earlier onesmintedby thatcity. Ontheobverse coinage was notdated.Thecoinsresembledthe to mintitsowntypes, thoughunfortunatelythis about 33years. Very quicklyhowever Sidebegan and adatebasedoncommonera whichlasted marked withthemonogram oftheissuingcity more than120years before.Thesecoinswere the tetradrachms struckby AlexandertheGreat own coinage.Theystartedby mintingcopiesof Aspendos, Phaselis,andSidebegantominttheir area. Startingcirca221B.C. thecitiesofPerga, have loosenedthegripofPtolemiesinthis and thePtolemaicKingdomofEgyptseemsto The war betweentheSeleucidKingdomofSyria Egypt controlledtheregion. during theperiodwhenPtolemaicKingdomof Alexander’s coinagebutseemstohave beenquiet Alexander theGreatin333B.C. Itbrieflyminted tion whichendedwiththeconquestofcity by to have mintedcoinage duringthePersian occupa reference tothenameofcity. The city seems prominence ofthefruitoncoinageasapunning pomegranate isSidewhich wouldexplainthe in theregion.TheBoeotianGreekwordfor Athena andthepomegranate, afruitwidelyeaten symbols ofthisciviccoinagewerethegoddess coins starting sometime circa 460 B.C. The principle settlers intheseventh centuryB.C. andminted Side was animportantseaportfoundedby Greek Pamphylia whichtoday isinsouthwestern Turkey.

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ranks ofC curls. Themouthforms asmirk,giving very simplydrawn withthehair renderedinthree base andacentreforthe slave trade. Thefaceis was probablymintedwhilethecity was apirate magistrate’s namethatare ofgoodstyle. Thecoin possibly acopy asthereare coinswiththis Coin 4.Poor style. Magistrate ΛEYX.Thiscoinis lacks thestiffnessofprevioustwocoins. previous twocoins.Thefigureis very natural and reverse isactuallyquitegood andbetterthanthe is notasdramatic asonthepreviouscoins. The composition isnotasgood.Thecrestofthehelmet face isactuallybetterthancoin2,therestof seems tobetoolargeforthehelmet.Though the of theportionsheadarelost.The Coin 3.Obverse ingoodstyle. Magistrate ΣI.Some very closetothefirstcoin. the detailsofhelmetarelacking.Thereverse is detail islacking.Thehairlesswelldrawn, and coin issimilartotheother, buttheattentionto Coin 2.Obverse ingoodstyle. Magistrate ΔE.This drapery isintricatelydrawn. image isotherwisewellproportioned,andthe arm holdingthewreathtoolong.However the proportioned. Thereverse israther stiff, withthe details arecrisp, andtheimageiswell just at the forehead. The triple is dramatic. All is given by alinewhichstartsatthevisorandends well proportioned,andathreedimensionalquality hair flowsnaturally behindthehead.Thehelmetis overshadowed by awelldrawn orbitalridge.The nose andasmallmouth.Theeye isalertand helmet. Thefaceisquitedelicatewithastraight The obverse featuresAthena inaCorinthianstyle Coin 1.Obverse inthebeststyle. Magistrate ΔEIN. At thispointwewilllookatthecoins; until thestyle becamevery crude. and was copiedby otherswithlessandfinesse of styles, suggestingthatthetype becamefrozen magistrate ΛEYX,areknown withawidevariety some ofthecoins,especiallythose coins foraboutsixteenofthoseyears. However in operation forabout 200 years, may have struck one year. Thusitispossiblethatthemint,though usual foramantoholdthepositionmorethan trate tobeelectedannually, andsoitwouldbeun than oneyear. However thenormwas foramagis that anumberofthesemenmintedcoinsformore the coins.Somearevery common,soitispossible names ormonograms arefoundonthereverses of At leastsixteenmagistrates areknown astheir control ofthecity. Galatia from36to25B.C. whowas atthattimein civic coinagewas copiedby Amynatas Kingof ring tomaintainanexistingcoinage.Theearlier did notimposeanewcoinageonregion,prefer marked theendofitscoinage.OftenRomans

- - - Moneta -thepublication of theOttawa Coin have style. that type fromthatmint.Sometimesyou justgotta deal ofmoneythisdoesnotapplytoallcoins to understandthatwhenitdoessellforagreat Thus itcanbeimportantwhenbuyingaGreekcoin times thegoingrate foracoinofeven goodstyle. style. Thefirstcoinactuallysoldforaboutthree of coinsthesametype withaverage orinferior better style cancommandmany timestheprice price ofthecoin.Coinsthatarejudgedtohave coins style canplay avery importantroleinthe It hastoberememberedthatwithregardGreek rapidly withonlyafew thicklinesanddots. the otherfiguressomecharm.Thewingisdone crudely drawn withnoneofthefinelinesthatgave reverse iseven worse.ThefigureofVictoryis unrecognizable asaCorinthianhelmet.The helmet hascompletelylostitsshapeandisalmost are drawn very simplyandwithlittlecare.The design isextremelycrude.Thefaceandthehair Coin 5.Very poorstyle. Magistrate ΛEYX.Thecoin composition very stiffandlifeless. rendered very mechanically, makingthewhole and thechinaremuchtoolarge.Thedrapery is much toosmallfortherestofbody. Thenose reverse isalloutofproportionwiththetorsoand is renderedasathick,rather lifelessstrand. The a Corinthianstyle helmet.Thecrestofthathelmet lose itsshape,thoughitstillcanberecognized as the faceastupidlook.Thehelmetisbeginningto Club. Membershipsinthe OCC areavailable to ENSmembers for only $7.00.

Ancient/Medieval

15 © The Planchet May 2011 Coin Collecting in Elementary School By Madison The Planchet will be featuring a series of reports by children in grade 2 - 6 enrolled at The Progressive Academy in Edmonton, who share their views on coin collecting and on their school coin club. 2011 © The Planchet May 16 By theENSMembership This month’s MyFindsareprovided by ENSmemberDavid Jolliff. $6,500. The highest gradedbyPCGSis ‘MS-67Red’ witha valueof$100,000. 61,000 remaininginexistence. In‘Good-4’ they willcostyou$750whilein‘MS-65Red’ youcouldspend series thatallcollectorsof Lincolncentsdesiretoobtain. There wereonly484,000mintedwithanestimated * Editor’s comment-the1909S(SanFranciscomint) VDB centisoneofthefavourite keydatesofthe ENS publication,andoftheasanorganization.Thankyou. Planchet I’ve beengoingtosendyou thisstoryforquitesometimenow, butafterreadingthelasteditionof magnification. Thecoin was indecentshape,aboutF12,andhasmadeafineadditionto mycollection. as Iran downstairs;my firstorderofbusiness was toinspect thatpenny underproperlightingand On arrival athome,Irecall droppingeverything atthedoorandshoutingaquick“hihoney, I’mhome” edge ofthecoin,theywerethere. side, andthoughIreallydidnotexpecttoseetheinitialsofVictorD. Brennerinscribednearthebottom that Icouldmake outthe‘S’mintmarkbelowdate.Iturnedcoinover toinspectthereverse whatitusedtobeforlookingatanythingMy eyesight withinarmsreach,butIwas isn’t pretty certain 1921 GeorgeV50centpiece,orthe1936dotdime,1909SVDBLincolnpenny. coins thattheaverage collectoriswellaware of, butdoesnotexpecttoever holdintheircollection; the coin thathadalowermintage,onewas considereda‘Key’ date.There,ofcourse,arealways those rare andhardtofind.TheoldWhitmanbookslistedthemintage,it was always atreattoacquire as akid,Inever focusedtoomuchongrade orvalue, butIdidlearnthat therewerecoinsthat Now, Igrew upintheUnitedStates,andimmigrated toCanadaintheearlyseventies. Collectingcoins whatever elseImay have kept aside,andthefirstthingInoticed was thedate,1909. tent. Laterthatnightinthehotelroom,Ipulledmy findoutof my pocket toexamineitalongwith change. Itwas awheatpenny, soIwouldbesaving itregardless ofcondition,justforthecoppercon About seven oreightyears ago, inagasstationFort McMurray, Ireceived anoldU.S. penny inmy helpmyself.can’t abateeven ifIwereneverprobably wouldn’t tohave comeacrossanything specialorofvalue. Ijust George, orchucklewhenthequarterisactuallyfromBahamas.Thiscompulsionsteadfast,and transaction. I’mlooking atthebeauty ofashiny newcoin,reminiscewhenIsee an oldwheatieorKing always checkingmy change.Andno, Idonotusuallycountthechangetoverify theaccuracy ofthe restaurants andconvenience stores.AsIstartedcollectingcoinsasayoungster, Igotinthehabitof I travel alotformy job, especiallyinNorthernAlberta,sooftentendersmallpurchasesgasstations, , Iwas remindedagain.Like I’ve saidbefore,I’ve reallybeenimpressedwiththequality ofthe My Finds

The

- 17 Finds My © The Planchet May 2011 Canada’s Odd Man Out By Pierre Driessen

mongst the coins of Canada, one has always struck me as odd. I have Anever found it in change, yet it is legal tender. When you try to spend it, people look at it and question its validity. The strange thing is this coin bears the most nationalist and important of Canada’s symbols. Obviously the coin in question is the 50-cent, which Brunswick and Nova Scotia were confederated features on its reverse the Arms of Her Majesty in into the Dominion of Canada, each member Right of Canada. Most people may not immediately was granted separate arms on 6 May 1868. The think of this coin when looking for Canadian ancient arms of Nova Scotia, granted by Charles symbols. Rather the nickel with its iconic beaver, I, had seemingly been forgotten; these would (For the Love of Exonumia) the dime with the Bluenose or the quarter with the not be rediscovered and restored until 1929. caribou spring to mind. The truth is that on the 50-cent coin are found the official Arms of the Canadian monarch, as Queen Elizabeth II is Queen of Canada, and thus these are the as a nation.

Used infrequently in Canadian numismatics, the national Arms tell the story of Canada’s development from a collection of colonies, to a dominion and finally into a sovereign state.

Pro Dolecta Exonumiae They also reflect the complex and fascinating story of Canada’s history.

Prior to Confederation in 1867, only two colonies in British North America had been granted arms by Royal Warrant. These exceptions were Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, granted arms by Charles I (r.1625 - 49) in 1625 and 1638 respectively. As a consequence in the British North American colonies, as elsewhere in the British Empire, the Royal Arms of Great Britain and later those of the United Kingdom were used as arms of general purpose in the courts and on government buildings to represent the monarch.

When the four colonies of Upper figure 1 - the achievement, full rendering, of the Arms of Canada (later Ontario), Lower Her Majesty in Right of Canada, Canada’s official Arms, 2011 © The Planchet May Canada (later ), New used from 1994 to present. I, VIII 18 granted, showing arunningbison instead ofthe and Manitoba. Manitoba’s aredifferentfrom those these arethearmsofNew Brunswick,Nova Scotia right arethearmsofOntario andQuebec.Below difficulties thiscreated. Onthetop, fromleft to 1905 postcardinfigure 2showstheconfusionand devices ofnineprovinces andterritories.The their mostcomplex,the armshadthemarshalled more complicatedandestheticallyunpleasing. At the shield.Witheachaddition,armsbecame arms ofthenewmembersweremarshalledonto As moreprovinces joinedConfederation, the general purposeintheDominion. of theUnitedKingdomcontinuedtobearms of have a Royal Warrant. AsaresulttheRoyal Arms official government documents,thesearmsdidnot of thefourmemberprovinces.Although usedon device featuringashieldwiththequarteredarms the expedientmeasureofcreatinganimprovised Dominion government attemptedtorectify with This createdastrange situation,whichthe however not granted arms. The DominionofCanadaitselfasanentity was figure 2-thearmsusedasanexpedientof in 1905,beforeSaskatchewanandAlberta the DominionofCanadaastheyappeared were createdprovinces. II default design. argue thatitwas afarmorepleasingandthus four memberprovinces ofConfederation. You could the shieldquarteredwitharmsoforiginal The 19125dollarcoinshowninfigure4shows precluded themfrombeingusedincoindesigns. confused andunappealingnatureofthesearms configuration andinterpretation. Thecomplicated, as granted. Thearmsinfigure3showadifferent Island minustheIndianchieffoundinarms 1896. NexttoitarethearmsofPrinceEdward of BritishColumbia,whichwas notusedafter Below thatistheoutdatednon-armorial design standing one. appeared in 1907. Showing the never used arms missing, sincetheprovince only startedusing of theYukonTerritory. ThoseofAlbertaare arms in1907, afterthis card wasprinted. figure 3-arenderingofthearmsasthey

III

Pro Dolecta Exonumiae Dolecta Pro 19 Exonumia) of Love the (For

© The Planchet May 2011 (For the Love of Exonumia) figure 5 - the 1937 design of the George VI Canada 50-cent figure 4 - Canada 1912 5 dollar gold piece showing the coin showing on the reverse original improvised and never officially granted 1867 arms of the simplified Royal Arms as the Dominion of Canada. designed by G.E. Kruger-Gray. The drive for proper arms, as guardians of heraldry to the a national Canadian symbol, use of the Royal Arms, which began in 1915. A committee required the lobbying efforts was formed in 1919 to study on behalf of Canada by such the issue. A design based upon notables as Winston Churchill the Royal Arms of the United to overcome, the Canadian Kingdom was settled on and government was finally able to recommended to the Canadian formally request the agreed upon government. Following some design from the monarch on 30 initial opposition from the British April 1921. On 21 November Pro Dolecta Exonumiae

1921 the ‘Arms or Ensigns Armorial of the Dominion of Canada’ were proclaimed by King George V. VII They were granted as deputed arms for particular uses in a colony. This meant the arms were subordinate to the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom, which continued to be displayed in courtrooms and on government buildings throughout Canada. It was with the Statute of Westminster in 1931, which granted Canada political independence from the United Kingdom, that the Arms of Canada were elevated to the status of Royal Arms of the King in Right of the Country.

From 1931 onward, this meant that Canada’s very own Royal Arms replaced those of the United Kingdom, for general purpose throughout Canada in courtrooms and on government figure 4 - the Arms of Canada as proclaimed by buildings, to represent the 2011 © The Planchet May IV Royal Warrant in 1921. monarch in Canada. 20 the reignofKingGeorge VI the 50-centremainedunchangedthroughout 50-cent coin simplified version, onthereverse ofthe1937 Canada’s Royal Armsfirstappeared, ina quadrant of theshieldcametobe coloredred Royal Arms.Themapleleaves inthebottom In 1957changesweremade toCanada’s II. the firstpartofreign ofQueenElizabeth figure 6(right)-the1957redrawnRoyal original RoyalWarrantmorecloselyand the crownofSt.Edward.Itfollowed form ofatrueshield,thechange gives theimpressionofamoremodern MARE” hasbeenadded.Thereversewas Canada 50-centcoindesignshowingthe color ofthemapleleavesandfield figure 7(above)-the1959redesigned replacement oftheTudorcrownwith Beddoe. Thisrenderingincorporated upon whichtheyareplaced,andthe Arms ofCanadaasrenderedbyAlan the changeofescutcheonto 1957 redrawnRoyalArmsofCanada, incorporating theSt.EdwardCrown as requestedbyHerMajestyQueen national “AMARIUSQUEAD Elizabeth II.InadditionCanada’s engraved byThomasShingles. and cleanerdesign. (figure 5). The reverse designof (1936 -52) V andfor Walk - Ins Welcome Walk - Ins Welcome Ross ChiropracticRoss Clinic ChiropracticRoss Clinic Massage Therapy Therapy Massage Therapy Massage Infra-Red Sauna Infra-Red Sauna Infra-Red Gift Certificates Certificates Gift Certificates Gift Package Deals Package Deals Package & Promotions Promotions & Promotions & Acupuncture Acupuncture Acupuncture Available Available Available Available Available Available CallToday BookTo Your Appointment CallToday BookTo Your Appointment

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Pro Dolecta Exonumiae Dolecta Pro 21 Exonumia) of Love the (For © The Planchet May 2011 22 © The Planchet May 2011 Pro Dolecta Exonumiae (For the Love of Exonumia) added tothecoin’s design “A MARIUSQUEADMARE” alterations. Inaddition,Canada’s nationalmotto: cent reverse was alsochanged toreflectthese As aconsequencein1959,thedesignof50- Canada. first presidentofthe Royal Heraldry Society of draw by AlanBeddoe(1893-1975),founderand arms withchanges,asshowninfigure6,were used inthecoronationofmonarch.Thealtered replaced withthecrownofSt.Edward, whichis Queen ElizabethIIwhowishedtheTudor crown The otherchangewas attherequestofHerMajesty on afieldofwhite,Canada’s twonationalcolours. metal composition was changedto 0.800silver and This standard was continueduntil 1920,whenthe silver and0.075copper -thesterlingstandard. Its originalmetalcontent compositionwas 0.925 Queen Victoria since itsintroductionin 1870,duringthereignof undergone significantchangesinmetalcomposition metal composition.Canada’s 50-centcoinhas production issuesfollowingthechangeofcoin’s for changesinsize ofthearmsduetotechnical unchanged onthecoinageuntil1997,except The 1957Royal Armsdesignremainedessentially included inthe1937simplifiedcoindesign. the originalrenderingofArmsbuthadnot been (1837 -1901) . (figure 7) (Fromseatosea)was . Thiswas partof Again thedesignhasbeenmodernizedand which isnowcomposedofmapleleavesin made cleanerandclearer,notethemantle incorporating theannulet withthemotto Canada’s nationalcolours.Thisrendering of Canada.Theannulettewiththemotto figure 8-the1994redrawnRoyalArms of theOrderCanadahasbeenadded. figure 9-the1997redesigned Canada 1994 redrawnRoyal Arms ofCanada, of theOrder ofCanada,engraved by 50-cent coindesignshowing the is stillinusetoday. William Woodruff. VI 0.200 copper. This lasted from the coin. looking outward. On the helm Pro Dolecta Exonumiae 1920 to 1967. In 1968 the rests a or lambrequin metal content changed to 100% The elements of Canada’s of red and white maple leaves, a nickel. In 1999 the composition Royal Arms combination of Canada’s national was again changed, this time to colours and one of its most 0.9325 steel, 0.0475 copper and St. Edward’s Crown: potent symbols. 0.0200 nickel, the coin becoming a “multi-ply plated steel”. This or Shield: composition has continued to the present.

In 1994, following the 1982 patriation of the Canadian constitution which removed any Used since 1957, it surmounts vestige of direct British political the achievement - full rendering influence or control in Canada’s - of Canada’s Arms. This is the

affairs, the Royal Arms of Canada imperial crown used during the This is the Arms’ most important (For the Love of Exonumia) were again redrawn. The motto coronation of Canada’s monarch element. Similar to the shield of of the of Canada was in Westminster Abbey, London. the United Kingdom, it provides placed within the achievement It signifies that Canada is a a visual representation of the of the arms. Approved on 12 constitutional monarchy, with a founding nations of Canada, July 1994, by Her Majesty monarch as head of state. The namely Great Britain and France. Queen Elizabeth II, this change use of this particular crown is was made so that Canada’s symbolic of all English and British The at the bottom Arms would be on par with monarchs and royal dynasties, shows three red maple leaves, those of the other Royal Arms as opposed to the previous Tudor symbolic of of all of the Commonwealth which crown, which was representative origins, referring to the diverse bear the motto of a member of only one English royal dynasty. makeup of Canada’s population. nation’s highest national honour, decoration or mark of distinction. Crest: Ribbon:

Now Canada’s arms became equivalent to those of the United Kingdom, which bear for England the motto of the Order of the Garter and for Scotland the motto of the Order of the Thistle. Added in 1994, this displays the The motto of the Order of motto of the , Canada “DESIDERANTES Marks the sovereignty of Canada. the nation’s highest honour. METIOREM PATRIAM” (They It is similar to the Royal Crest of In gold lettering, it reads desire a better country) was the United Kingdom, except for clockwise: “DESIDERANTES placed in an annulet around the the red maple leaf in its dexter MELIOREM PATRIAM” (They shield. These arms were drawn paw. The golden symbolizes desire a better country). by Mrs. Cathy Bursey-Sabourin, courage and valour. The wreath, the Fraser at the Canadian on which the lion stands, is made Motto: , Office of the up of twisted white and red silk, Governor-General of Canada Canada’s national colors. (figure 8).IX Canada’s national motto reads: Helm, Heaume or Helmet: “A MARI USQUE AD MARE” This redrawing necessitated a (From sea to sea). It is based change in the design of the 50- on Psalm 72:8 “He shall have cent coin in 1997, executed by dominion from sea to sea and William Woodruff. The coin’s from the river unto the ends of reverse design has remained the earth.” This was proposed by unchanged since, except for Used to display the rank of the Undersecretary of State for variations in date placement, or the person bearing the arms, Foreign Affairs Sir Joseph Pope,

lack thereof and certain special a member of the 1919 Special 2011 © The Planchet May

. Canada’s Arms show a royal treatments around the edge of helm, which is gold and barred, Committee for Canada’s Arms. 23 The motto’s first official use was on the mace of Apart from being displayed on the 50-cent coin the Legislative Assembly of the newly created since 1937, Canada’s national arms have only province of Saskatchewan. Pope appreciated how been used on one other coin. That is on the fitting this was to describe Canada’s vast expanse, reverse of the 1967 Centennial of Confederation with its two coasts on either side of the continent. Commemorative 20 Dollar Gold, a piece designed Approved by Order in Council on 21 April 1921, the specifically for the collector market by the Royal motto became official by Royal Proclamation on 21 Canadian Mint. This neglect is something, which November 1921. should be addressed by Canada’s numismatic authorities, for this potent national symbol could : and should be used more. One source of inspiration can be the innovative designs and uses the British (For the Love of Exonumia)

Royal Mint has made of that nation’s heraldic devices.

Notes & Sources: I - Canadian Heritage II - Royal Heraldry Society of Canada III - Royal Heraldry Society of Canada IV, V - “Arms of Canada”, Wikipedia VI - Canadian Heritage, The Office of the Secretary to the Governor General of Canada. VII - the wording of the original proclamation granting the Arms of Canada (Canadian Heritage)

These are the same as those in the achievement “By the King - A Proclamation of the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom. This Declaring His Majesty’s Pleasure concerning the

Pro Dolecta Exonumiae pairing, a combination of the traditional supporters of the shields of England (two lions) and Scotland Ensigns Armorial of the Dominion of Canada (two ), was created for the Royal Arms of George R.I. James I (r.1603 - 25) when he inherited the English (r.1558- 1603). throne from Elizabeth I WHEREAS We have received a request from the Governor General in Council of Our Dominion of The lion - which stands for fearless courage - is in Canada that the Arms or Ensigns Armorial herein the position of prominence holding a gold tipped after described should be assigned to Our said silver lance from which the Royal Union flag flies. Dominion. The - which stands for extreme courage, virtue and strength - has a golden horn, hoofs We do hereby, by and with the advice of Our Privy and mane. Around its neck is a gold and chained Council, and in exercise of the powers conferred of crosses and fleurs-de-lis. It holds a gold by the first Article of the Union with Ireland Act, 1800, appoint and declare that the Arms or tipped silver lance from which fly the Royal Arms Ensigns Armorial of the Dominion of Canada shall of France - three golden fleurs-de-lis on an be Tierced in fesse the first and second divisions . The banners represent Canada’s two founding containing the quarterly coat following, namely, nations, Britain and France, which have provided 1st three lions passant guardant in or, the nation’s two legal systems and the foundations 2nd, Or a lion rampant within a double tressure of its social institutions. flory-counter-flory gules, 3rd, Azure a harp or stringed , 4th, Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or, (Floral ): and the third division Argent three maple leaves conjoined on one stem proper. And upon a Royal helmet mantled argent doubled gules the Crest, that is to say, On a wreath of the colours argent and gules a lion passant guardant or imperially crowned proper and holding in the dexter paw a Represented here are the floral emblems maple leaf gules. And for Supporters On the dexter associated with the monarchy. The represents a lion rampant or holding a lance argent, point England, red and white in colour, it is a combination or, flying there from to the dexter the Union Flag, of the floral emblems of the royal Houses of and on the sinister A unicorn argent armed crined Lancaster (red) and York (white). The thistle and unguled or, gorged with a coronet composed represents Scotland, the shamrock or four-leaved of crosses-patée and fleurs-de-lis a chain affixed thereto reflexed of the last, and holding a like clover Ireland, while the fleurs-de-lis represents lance flying there from to the sinister a banner 2011 © The Planchet May France. azure charged with three fleurs-de-lis or; the 24 whole ensigned with the Imperial bearing.

Crown proper and below the Pro Dolecta Exonumiae shield upon a wreath composed IX - “The ” is the of roses, thistles, shamrocks and title of the principal artist of the lillies a scroll azure inscribed Canadian Heraldic Authority, with the motto A mari usque ad mare, and Our Will and attached to the Office of the Pleasure further is that the Arms Governor-General. It is the body or Ensigns Armorial aforesaid which regulates the awarding, shall be used henceforth, as design and use of heraldic far as conveniently may be, on devices in Canada. all occasions wherein the said Arms or Ensigns Armorial of the Bibliography: Dominion of Canada ought to be - Canadian Coins, A Charlton Standard used. Catalogue., 58th edition. Toronto: 2004 Given at Our Court at Buckingham Palace, this twenty- - Arms of Canada, Wikipedia. first day of November, in the year of Our Lord One thousand - The Office of the Secretary to the Governor General of Canada / le Bureau (For the Love of Exonumia) nine hundred and twenty-one, de Secrétaire du Gouverneur général du and in the twelfth year of Our Canada. Reign. - Canadian Heritage / Patrimoine GOD SAVE THE KING” canadien

VIII - “Achievement of arms” is the heraldic term for the complete rendering of all elements of a particular armorial

About Your Society - Continued from page 5 Show and Tell: • Marc Bink – presented the Prussian corona- tion Thaler that was highlighted in his article in The Planchet.

• Andy Vanderleest – passed around a unique $20 gag bill

• Ermin Chow – Showed a 1851 US large cent with a counter stamp

• Ray Neiman – double struck 1915 US 1-cent

• Pierre Driessen – 50 Stiver 1808 of Napoléon’s brother

• David Peter – 1955 NSF 1-cent in ICCS VF- 30

Marc Bink talked about the upcoming appraisal table for the next show. He asked the membership if they would be interested in volunteering to assist at the table. Many responded positively. He will look into doing a training session for how to look at Subscribe to The Planchet - 10 Canadian and world coinage for the table. issues a year for only $15. Plus Door prize was drawn.Silent auction was completed receive a one-year membership in Meeting adjourned at 9:15 PM. Members gathered the Edmonton Numismatic Society.

for further numismatic stories at the Boston Pizza. 2011 © The Planchet May 25 The HOTTEST Show In Town ... Edmonton’s Coin Show and Sale

November 5 & 6, 2011

We’ve GROWN!!! Come See Our New Location

Edmonton Hotel & Convention Centre 4520 - 76 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6B 0A5 (780) 468-5400 for reservations use code: CSE or just say Coin Show Edmonton for special show guest room rates.

Special Features: Gold Coin Draw - Door Prizes - Silent Auction - Appraisal / Valuation Table - Numismatic Displays - Club Table 58 Tables and over 40 dealers

2011 © The Planchet May Sponsored by the Edmonton Numismatic Society 26 Classified & Coming Events

PLACE YOUR AD HERE Original BU rolls of Loons New Membership FREE FOR ENS MEMBERS for 2003 Old effigy, with Applications No limit of ads and no limit of words. Ads must be numismatically related and crown, call Bob780-980-1324 can include books, coins, paper, supplies, buying, wanted, selling, tokens, Erin Olovson-Cleveland, bullion, medals, Canadian, world, websites, shows, etc. # 671 Andy, Barb, and Sarah The ENS reserves the tright to refuse to print any classifed ad in whole or in Nagel, # 674 (family) part. Ads posted for one year will be removed unless the member can confirm For Sale Abdunazer Pari # 675 ad is to continue. All advertizers must be ENS members. Patrick Sullivan # 676 David Mackenzie # 67 All ads to be submitted to [email protected] e-mail or given to the Editing Team at monthly meetings. 1806 1/2 cent, 1864 IHC, Paul Purdie # 678 yahoo.ca Lincolns, FEC’s, Canadian Wanted These individuals have LRG cents.call (780)933-5159 applied for membership into Recylable used plastic coin All period Napoleonic memo- the Edmonton Numismatic flips. Any Qty. Bring to next rabilia & Militaria. Contact Large collection of certified Society. Pending any objections from the club meeting, See Howard. Bill [email protected] & raw coins & banknotes, membership at large, these [email protected] some up to 50% off cat. Inc. individuals will be accepted as Early English or German Errors. Call John 780-455- “Members in Good Standing”, effective this publishing Original BU rolls one-cent hammered coins. Contact 8375 date. Any objections to the rolls from 1982, 1985, 1986, Marc. [email protected] aforementioned applications 1987 & 1988, call Bob780- Early French medals or Eng- must be submitted in writing to the Secretary of 980-1324 Complete Date, Canadian lish/British Coins dating from the Edmonton Numismatic Decimal coin sets.Great for 1642-1821. Contact Pierre. Society, and will be evaluated Classified ads for ENS club gifts. Low prices. Contact Ray, [email protected] by the Executive Committee on a case-by-case basis. members. To include an ad, 780-433-7288 please email it to editor_ens@

Coming Events

May 11, 2011 - ENS May Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided.

June 8, 2011 - ENS June Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided.

June 25, 2011 - ENS Members Only BBQ - 8510-10 Ave. SW, Edmonton. Thanks to Jeremy Martin for hosting this year’s event.

September 10, 2011 - ENS September Meeting - Pizza Night - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided. Free pizza for all ENS members attending.

October 12, 2011 - ENS October Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided

November 5 & 6, 2011 - Edmonton’s Coin Show and Sale, Edmonton Hotel & Conference Centre, 4520 - 76 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6B 0A5, dealers wishing to attend call 780-270-6312.

November 9, 2011 - ENS November Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided

December 14, 2011 - ENS December Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided

To list your coming events - send them to [email protected]. 2011 © The Planchet May 27