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12 Editorial 71 Final Population Data 2011 15 Indian Economy : A Few Facts : At A Glance 73 Socio-Economic & Caste Census 2011 22 Important Facts Related to Indian 74 Religion Based Census 2011 Economy 75 Population Policy 2000 51 Nobel Prize Winners in Economics 52 Appointments 75 National Commission on Population Some Aspects of Indian Economy 76 Religionwise Child Sex-Ratio and Literacy Rate : 2011 53 New World Bank Country Classifi cations by 76 National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-20) Income Level : 2020-21 Data of First Phase Released 54 Gender Inequality Index, 2 020 77 India’s Population is likely to be 1·52 Billion by 54 India’s 131st Rank in HDI, 2020 2036 54 Poverty Line : ` 32 in Rural Areas, ` 47 in Urban Areas (2011-12) Agriculture 55 Poverty in India 78 Gross Valued Added in Agriculture 56 India’s Poverty Rate at 12·4% in 2011-12 : 78 Share of Agriculture and Allied Sectors in Total World Bank’s Revised Poverty Line US $ 1·9 GVA at Current Prices 57 India Lifted Record 273 Million Out of Poverty in 10 Years (2005/06-2015/16) UNDP 79 Second Advance Estimates of Production of Major Crops for 2020-21 Released 57 Unemployment Rate Falls to 5·8% in 2018-19 from Over a Four-Decade High 80 Mission 2022 : The Challenges of Doubling 57 Multidimensional Poverty Index Indian Farmers’ Incomes in Five Years 59 Concept of Hunger 80 Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Kharif Crops Mineral Resources of India for Marketing Season 2020-21 81 CCEA Approves ` 3,500 Crore Assistance for 61 Commercial Sources of Energy Sugarcane Farmers 62 New Atomic Power Plants 81 Final Estimates of 2019-20 and First Advance 62 Non-conventional Sources of Energy Estimates of 2020-21 of Area and Production 63 Renewable Energy Sector in India in the Year of Horticultural Crops 2020 82 Food Subsidy Forest Resources of India 82 Organic Farming 66 India State of Forest Report, 2019 82 Horticulture National Income of India 83 Land Reforms Programmes 67 Concepts of National Income 83 TRIFED 68 Second Advance Estimates of National In- 83 NAFED come, 2020-21 and Quarterly Estimates of 83 Recent Agriculture Reforms Gross Domestic Product for the Third Quarter (Oct.-Dec.) 2020-21 84 1000 Mandis Integrated with e-NAM 70 V-Shaped Economic Recovery in India 84 1 Lakh Crore Agriculture Infrastructure Fund Population 85 10th Agricultural Census (2018) : Provisional 70 Population Touches 1·21 billion Level, but Data Released Growth Rate Declines in Census 2011 85 Animal Husbandry & Dairy : Highlights

Econ. / 5 86 Call for Evergreen Revolution 102 Three New Schemes to Promote Electronics 86 20th Livestock Census, 2019 Manufacturing in India 103 More Power to Maharatna and Navratna 87 White Revolution and in India PSUs for Overseas Buyouts 87 Fisheries Sector 103 ‘Maharatna’ and ‘Navratna’ Companies 87 National Livestock Mission (NLM) 104 Mini Ratna Scheme 88 ` 15,000 crore Animal Husbandry Infrastruc- 104 Central Public Sector Enterprises Survey ture Development Fund Created 2018-19 88 Use of Fertilizers 105 Committee on Public Undertakings 105 Department of Disinvestment Renamed as 88 Yellow Revolution ‘DIPAM’ 89 Rainfed Agro-Ecologies 106 Competition Commission of India Becomes 89 National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) Operational 89 Irrigation 106 “Launch of GeM Samvaad : The GeM-Indus- try Forum” 89 New System of Irrigation Sprinkler/Drip 106 Industrial Corridor Projects : An Initiative for Irrigation Industrial Development 89 Credit Flow to Agriculture 90 Kisan Credit Card Scheme Money and Banking 107 Reserve Bank of India Industry 108 Demonetisation of ` 500 and ` 1000 Notes : 90 New Industrial Policy Surgical Strike on Black Money 91 Base Year of Index of Industrial Production 109 10 Public Sector Banks Merged into Four Revised from 2004-05 to 2011-12 109 Govt. Keeps Infl ation Target at 2-6% for 5 91 Dismal Performance of Industrial Sector Dur- Years ing 2020-21 109 Monetary Policy Review April 2021 : Policy 92 All Time Low Negative Growth in Index of Rates Remains Unchanged Eight Core Industries 93 Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises 110 RBI Monetary Policy Committee Constituted 93 Various Schemes for Boosting MSMEs 111 Performance of Banking Sector 93 PM Modi Launches CHAMPIONS : Techno- 111 BASEL-III Became Effective w.e.f. January logy Platform to Empower MSMEs 2013 94 National Manufacturing Competitiveness 112 RBI Replaces Base Rate System by MCLR Programme System 94 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enter- 112 Payment Banks prises (MSMEs) Launches Credit Guarantee Scheme for Sub-ordinate Debt to Help the 112 Small Finance Bank Distressed MSME Sector 113 MUDRA Bank 95 Textiles and Apparels Industry 113 2% Interest Subvention Facility to Shishu 95 Scheme for Capacity Building in Textile Sector Loans Under Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (Samarth) 114 RBI Issues Charter of Customer Rights 96 Iron and Steel Industry 114 ‘iWatch’ Banking 96 Sugar Industry 114 Foreign Bank’s Operation in India 96 Cement Industry 97 Coal Industry 114 Indian Banks Abroad 98 Key Initiatives in Defence Manufacturing Sec- 114 Regional Rural Banks tor 115 Parliament Passed Regional Rural Banks 99 India’s Crude Oil Refi ning Capacity (Amendment) Bill, 2014 99 Petroleum Industry 115 Debt Recovery Tribunals 100 Marketing and Distribution of Petroleum 115 Banking Ombudsman Scheme Products 100 Coal Bed Methane 116 Capital Adequacy Ratio Standards for Banks and Non-banking Financial Institutions 101 India Hydrocarbon Vision 2025 101 Green Fuels 116 Capital Market 101 India’s First CNG Tractor Launched 116 Two New Share Price Indices for Mumbai 101 “Scheme for Formalisation of Micro Food Share Market Processing Enterprises (FME)” 116 BSE Launches ‘Shariah Index’ 102 One District One Product Approach for PM- 117 India’s First International Exchange-India FME INX-at GIFT City in Gujarat

Econ. / 6 117 Securities and Exchange Board of India 133 Mid-Day Meal Scheme for School Children (SEBI) 133 Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan 118 Depository System in India 134 Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan 118 Small Industries Development Bank of India Latest Schemes/Programmes of Central (SIDBI) Government 118 Industrial Investment Bank of India Ltd. (IIBIL) 135 Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan 119 Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) 142 Schemes/Programmes Related with Banking 119 National Housing Bank (NHB) and Insurance 119 National Bank for Agriculture and Rural 146 Schemes/Programmes Related with Agri- Development (NABARD) culture and Rural Development 119 Rural Infrastructure Development Fund 153 Schemes/Programmes Related with Housing 120 Establishment Years of Major Financial and Urban Development Institutions in India 156 PM’s Science, Technology and Innovation 120 Agriculture and Rural Development Banks Advisory Council Unveils 9 New Missions 121 Insurance Industry in India 156 Schemes/Programmes Related with Techno- 121 Reforms in Insurance Sector logy, Education and Skill Development 121 Insurance Penetration 161 Initiatives to Improve Teaching Quality in 122 General Insurer’s Public Sector Association Higher Education of India (GIPSA) 162 Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan 122 Introduction of New Series of CPI (R + U) 162 Leadership for Academicians Programme 123 Producer Price Index (LEAP) and Annual Refresher Programme 123 CPI Basket Weights Revised, Base Year in Teaching (ARPIT) for Higher Education Changed from 2010 to 2012 Faculty Launched 124 Money Stock Measures in India 163 Schemes/Programmes Related with Employ- ment and Poverty Alleviation 124 Cheap Money Policy and Dear Money Policy 124 Infl ation-Indexed Bonds (IIBs) 166 Schemes/Programmes Related with Health and Sanitation Development, Poverty Alleviation and 172 Schemes/Programmes Related with Electri- Employment Generation Programmes fi cation in India 174 Schemes/Programmes Related with Pilgrim- 126 Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana—NRLM age and Tourism AAJEEVIKA 175 Other Schemes/Programmes Launched by 127 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Central Government Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) India in Global Indexes 128 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) 183 India Ranks 40 Out of 53 Countries on Global 128 Integrated Watershed Management Program- Intellectual Property Index 2020 me (IWMP) 183 Finland is the Happiest Country : 8th World 128 National Food Security Scheme-2013 Happiness Report, 2020 129 Deen Dayal Antyodaya : National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) 183 Corruption Perception Index, 2020 : India 130 Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) Ranks 86th 130 Various Women–oriented Schemes of State 184 India among Top 50 Nations in Global Innova- Governments tion Index for the First Time 130 National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) 185 India Slips to 16th Spot in FDI Confi dence 130 National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) Index, 2019 131 Prime Minister’s Employment Generation 186 Index of Economic Freedom, 2020 Programme (PMEGP) 186 Global Differential in Human Development 131 National Social Assistance Programme 132 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) 186 India Ranks 34th in Global Real Estate Trans- parency Index, 2020 132 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) 187 Global Peace Index, 2020 132 Rajeev Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of 187 India Ranked 43rd on IMD’s World Competi- Adolescent Girls—SABLA tiveness Index 2020 : Singapore on Top 132 Rajeev Gandhi Shramik Kalyan Yojana 187 India Ranks 116 in World Bank’s Human 132 Members of Parliament Local Area Develop- Capital Index, 2020 ment Scheme (MPLADS) 188 Ease of Doing Business 2020 : World Bank 133 Assesses 190 Countries Across the World

Econ. / 8 190 India Slips 28 Spots in WEF’s Global Gender 208 Strategic Partnership Model, 2017 Gap Report, 2021 208 Public Procurement Policy, 2017 for Local 191 Global Hunger Index, 2020 : India Ranks 94th Goods 191 India Ranks 142 in World Press Freedom 209 Major Policy Initiatives for Increasing Share of Index 2020 Renewable Energy in Total Installed Capacity 192 India Ranks Second in EY Renewable List 209 New Public-Private Partnership Policy for Af- 192 India Jumps Eight Places to 36th Spot in US fordable Housing 2017 Chamber’s Global IP Index 2019 210 National Policy on Biofuels-2018 192 India’s 44th Rank in Global Logistics Perfor- 210 “Digi Yatra” Central Platform, 2018 mance Index, 2018 210 National Logistics Policy 193 India Ranks 72 in Global Talent Competitive- 211 New National Rubber Policy, 2019 ness Index, 2020 211 Vehicle Scrapping Policy, 2021 193 India at 76 in WEF’s Social Mobility Index, 212 Vehicle Recall Policy, 2021 2020 213 Policies and Initiatives of New and Renewable 194 India in World Bank’s Women, Business and Energy Resources Low (WBL) Index, 2020 214 National Policy on Rare Diseases, 2021 194 India Falls to 51st Position in EIU’s Democ- racy Index, 2020 Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments 194 IMD Global Talent Ranking 2019 : India Slips 216 Volume of India’s Foreign Trade to 59th Position 216 India’s Foreign Trade : Performance During FY 195 India Slips 26 Spots on Economic Freedom 2020-21 Index : Economic Freedom of the World 2020 225 Special Economic Zone Act, 2005 Report 225 SEZ Norms Liberalised (2013-14) 195 India Ranks 3rd in Global Manufacturing Risk 225 China Becomes India’s Biggest Trading Partner Index,2020 in First 9 Months of FY 21 195 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2020 227 Special Economic Zones 196 Climate Change Performance Index, 2020 227 Export Development Centres 197 Sutainable Development Goal Index, 2020 228 FDI Norms Liberalised 198 SDG India Index 2019 : Performance of 228 ‘Invest India’ Constituted to Promote FDI States UTs Towards Betterment of the People 228 FDI Limit in Defence Through Automatic Route 200 India Slips Two Places to 53rd Spot in EIV’s Raised to 74% Democracy Index 2020 229 FIPB Abolished Policy Initiatives 229 Government Relaxes FDI Norms for NRIs, PIOs, 200 National Mineral Policy, 2019 OCIs 201 National Manufacturing Policy, 2011 229 FDI Rules Liberalized in Single-Brand, Civil Aviation, Construction and Power Exchanges 201 New Telecom Policy 2012 Provides Nation- wide Free Roaming 230 India 9th Largest Recipient of Foreign Invest- ment in 2019 : UNCTAD 201 National Mineral Exploration Policy, 2016 230 Remittances by Indians Employed Overseas 202 New Mining Policy, 2016 230 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 203 National Capital Goods Policy, 2016 231 Foreign Exchange Reserves in India 203 India’s Foreign Trade Policy, 2015-20 231 RBI Relaxes FEMA Norms for Individuals 204 Mid-Term Review of Foreign Trade Policy, 231 India’s External Debt at End December 2020 2015-20 232 Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) 205 Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 Extended for 232 NEER and REER One Year, i.e., Upto March 31, 2020 232 The Prevention of Money-Laundering 206 New National Aviation Policy, 2016 (Amendment) Act, 2012 Notifi ed 206 National Intellectual Property Rights Policy, 2016 Transport and Communications 207 Comprehensive New Urea Policy, 2015 233 Railways 207 New National Steel Policy, 2017 233 ‘South Coast Railway’ Vishakhapatnam : Indian 208 New Metro Rail Policy, 2017 Railways’ New 18th Zone

Econ. / 9 234 High Speed Train Project 246 Sanchar Shakti 234 Indian Transport Sector : An Overview 246 USOF 235 India to Join Trans-Asian Rail Network 246 RERA Effective from May 1, 2017 235 Vande Bharat Express 247 Logistics Sector Granted Infrastructure Status 235 Rail Tourism 247 Parliament Passes National Bank for Financ- 235 National Rail Plan for India-2030 ing Infrastructure and Development Bill to 236 International North-South Transportation Provide Long Term Finance for Infrastructure Corridor (INSTC) for Better Indo-Russian Projects Connectivity Inches Towards Reality Public Finance 237 Rail Development Authority 248 Financial Relations between Centre and 237 Heritage Conservation in Indian Railways States 237 Indian Railways Operates 2·8 km Long Goods 249 Finance Commission Train ‘Shesh Naag’ and about 15000 tonnes Loaded ‘Super Anaconda’ 249 Consolidated Funds of India and of the States 237 Road Transport 250 Public Accounts of India and of the States 238 Public Private Partnership in Road Projects 250 Contingency Fund 239 Rural Roads 250 The Report of the 15th Finance Commission 239 NHAI Launches ‘Harit Path’ a Mobile App to 2021-26 Monitor Plantation Along National Highways 253 PM Launches the Platform for “Transparent 239 World Bank Grants $ 500 million for All- Taxation—Honouring the Honest” Weather Rural Roads Using Green Technolo- 254 Faceless Assessment gies 254 GST Rolled Out Finally 239 ‘’ : A Mega Project of Highways 255 National Anti-Profi teering Authority Set-up Development 255 The Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign In- 240 Programme come and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 240 New Number of National Highways 2015 241 Water Transport 255 Tax-GDP Ratio 241 Maritime Agenda for the Decade 2010-20 255 Reforms in Tax Administration 242 Private Sector Participation in Ports 257 Union Budget, 2021-22 242 Setusamudram Ship Channel Project 265 Economic Survey 2020-21 242 Sagarmala Project Economic Planning in India 242 ‘Smart Port Cities’ : An Ambitious Plan of GoI 273 History of Planning in India 242 Tamil Nadu to Get 4th Major Port 273 NITI Aayog Replaced Planning Commission 242 Odisha to Develop a Port in Puri 274 First Five Year Plan 243 Satellite Cargo Ports Planned at Surat, 274 Second Five Year Plan Wardha, Aurangabad 274 Third Five Year Plan 243 Kolkata Port Trust Renamed as Shyama 275 Three Annual Plans Prasad Mukherjee Trust 275 Fourth Five Year Plan 243 National Waterways Act, 2016 275 Fifth Five Year Plan 244 Airport Infrastructure 275 Sixth Five Year Plan 244 Haldia-Varanasi Jalmarg Opened 276 Seventh Five Year Plan 244 Air Transport 276 Eighth Five Year Plan 244 First Indian Airport in Private Sector 277 Ninth Five Year Plan 244 Airport Authority of India 277 Tenth Five Year Plan 245 Government Approved ` 4,500 crore Project 277 Eleventh Plan (2007–12) to Revive 50 Airports, Airstrips 278 Vision of 12th Five Year Plan (2012–17) 245 Jaipur, Guwahati, Thiruvananthapuram Air- 279 India’s Ambitious 15-Year Vision Plan ports to be Leased 245 Regional Air Connectivity Scheme (RCS) International Organisations 245 India’s First Hi-speed Rural Broadband Net- 280 International Monetary Fund (IMF) work Commissioned 282 International Bank for Reconstruction and 246 Audio Tax Development (IBRD)

Econ. / 10 284 International Finance Corporation (IFC) 294 Mercosur 284 International Development Association (IDA) 294 Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Co- 284 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency operation (IORARC) 284 International Centre for Settlement of Invest- 294 Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) ment Disputes Indian States’ Ranking 284 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 295 Rankings for Ease of Liking Index 2020 and Mu- (GATT) nicipal Performance Index, 2020 Announced 285 GATT Rounds 296 Bengaluru World’s Fastest-Growing Tech. Hub, 285 Uruguay Round and Dunkel Proposals London 2nd, Mumbai at 6th Position 285 World Trade Organisation (WTO) 296 Kerala, Goa, Chandigarh Best Governed States 286 Important International Organisations : A View and Union Territory : Public Affairs Index, 2020 287 United Nations Conference on Trade and 296 Tom Tom Traffi c Index, 2020 Development (UNCTAD) 297 Good Governance Index 2019 288 Asian Development Bank (ADB) 298 Mumbai 12th Richest City in the World, NYC on 288 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Top with 65 Billionaires 289 International Fund for Agricultural Develop- 298 Indore Ranked Cleanest City for Fourth Time in ment (IFAD) Swachh Sarvekshan, 2020 289 South Asian Association for Regional 298 Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Goa Best Governed States Co-operation (SAARC) Miscellaneous 289 South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) 289 SAARC Summit : When & Where ? 299 Socio-Economic and Political Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic 290 Association of South-East Asian Nations 302 Central Consumer Protection Authority Esta- (ASEAN) blished 290 ASEAN Summits 302 NITI Aayog Submits First List of about 12 PSUs 290 Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting for Privatisation Countries (OPEC) 303 e-SANTA : Govt. Launches Electronic Trade Plat- 291 G-7 form for Aqua Farmers, Exporters 291 The G-5 Summit 303 Dr. Harsh Vardhan Announces Launch of ‘Aahaar Kranti’ 291 G-15 304 NITI Aayog Launches ‘Poshan Gyan’, a Digital 292 G-20 Repository on Nutrition Information 292 G-77 305 Glossary 292 Organisation for Economic Co-opera tion and 316 Multiple Objective Questions Development (OECD) 316 Practice Set-1 292 European Economic Community (EEC) or 322 Practice Set-2 European Common Market (ECM) 328 Practice Set-3 293 European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 334 Practice Set-4 293 North American Free Trade Agreement 340 Practice Set-5 (NAFTA) 345 Practice Set-6 293 Asia Pacifi c Economic Co-operation (APEC) 350 Practice Set-7

The concurrence of the views of the Editor is not necessary for any matter or fi gure published in Pratiyogita Darpan.

Econ. / 11