HOME REMODELING GUIDELINES

Department of the Environment 11 Grove Street tel: 415.355.3700 City and County of San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94102 www.sfenvironment.org HOME REMODELING GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES City and County of San Francisco’s Department of For more information about the strategies described the Environment (SF Environment) in this guidebook, please contact:

SF Environment’s mission is to improve, enhance, San Francisco Department of the Environment and preserve the environment and to promote San 11 Grove Street Francisco’s long-term environmental well being. San Francisco, CA 94102 415-355-3700 SF Environment programs include: www.sfenvironment.org Contact: Green Building Coordinator Green building. SF Environment’s Green Building Program provides green building training for city Water Conservation architects, oversees green building pilot projects, San Francisco PUC and provides policy recommendations to improve Water Department, Conservation Section the environmental performance of City buildings. 415-923-2471 – www.sfwater.org It also provides green building expertise to city employees and the general public. Household Hazardous Drop-off Hotline . SF Environment’s Recycling Program 415-554-4333 or 415-355-3700 works with residents & businesses to promote www.sfenvironment.org waste prevention, re-use and recycling throughout the City in order to conserve valuable resources and Pacific Gas and Electric’s Smarter Energy Line reduce the amount of material sent to municipal 800-933-9555 - www.pge.com landfill. Energy issues. SF Environment’s Energy Program coordinates the City’s efforts to reduce greenhouse Acknowledgements gas emissions and identifies opportunities for energy efficiency and renewable energy that will SF Environment gratefully acknowledges the team lessen our reliance on fossil fuel-burning power that developed the information in this guidebook. plants. Environmental justice. The EJ Team is responsible Alameda County Authority for administering an Environmental Justice Grant & and Recycling Board Program for environmental health and renewable www.stopwaste.org energy projects in Bayview Hunters Point (BVHP) and Potrero Hill, neighborhoods that historically Global Green USA have carried a disproportionate environmental www.globalgreenusa.org burden. Toxics reduction. SF Environment’s Toxics What’s Working Reduction Program provides free services to help www.whatsworking.com residents, businesses and City departments reduce hazardous waste and comply with regulatory Development Committee requirements. Transportation & Clean Air. The Clean Air Program’s Jason Kaldis Deva Rajan primary mission is to reduce automobile emissions Jarvis Architects Canyon Construction through programs that promote trip reducton transit Tim Owen-Kennedy Seth Melchert incentives, and environmentally friendly vehicles. Vital Systems Master Builders Environmental Policy. The Commission on the Environment sets policy for SF Environment, and Gary Gerber advises the Mayor and Board of Supervisors on Sun Light and Power environmental matters.

Design: Celery Design Collaborative/Berkeley, CA Printing: 100% -consumer recycled using soy-based inks. August 2002 These Guidelines are designed for professional contractors and homeowners The Guidelines offer: • Cost-effective suggestions to minimize construction-related waste, create healthier and more durable homes, reduce operating costs for homeowners and support local manufacturers and suppliers of resource-efficient building materials.

• Methods to reduce the impacts of building in San Francisco; including solid waste management, water conservation, energy efficiency and resource conservation.

The practices contained in these Guidelines were selected for their viability in today’s market and their ability to promote sustainable building. Builders using this booklet will differentiate themselves in the marketplace while protecting our environment.

The Guidelines were originally developed through a partnership among Bay Area develop- ers, architects, contractors, green building experts and staff of the Alameda County Waste Management Authority and Recycling Board.

Agency Involvement

San Francisco Environment is working in partnership with the construction and building industry on ways to develop more resource-efficient buildings and to reduce waste. Resource-efficient, or “green,” buildings exhibit high levels of economic and engineering performance, and save financial resources over the buildings’ lifetime. Through job site recycling, energy and water-efficient design, use of recycled content building materials, and similar practices, the Green Building Guidelines provide an effective tool to improve the overall performance of buildings and to reduce waste. Construction and demolition debris, for example, comprise up to 30% of materials disposed of in California landfills.

Construction Waste Generated from a 2,000 Square Foot New Home

Trash 2.0 tons

Gypsum 1.7 tons 6.9 tons Metals 0.33 tons Concrete* 1.2 tons

TOTAL 12.91 tons 0.78 tons

Source: Alameda County Waste Management Authority Case Study of Citation Homes (1999) * Concrete figure includes waste generated by sidewalk pour.

Disclaimer

Thank you to the Alameda County Waste Management Authority and Recycling Board (ACWMA) for offering their guidelines.

The information provided in these Guidelines should be considered by contractors, architects and other professionals as well as by owners, in the course of designing and constructing new or modified structures. The Guidelines are provided as a public service by the ACWMA and San Francisco Department of the Environment in an attempt to provide environmental benefits and reduce costs. The Guidelines are not a substitute for the exercise of sound judgment in particular circumstances and are not intended as recommendations for particular products or processes. Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 5 This section gives an overview of the basic concepts and elements of Green Building.

Introduction 6 Benefits of Green Building 8

2. GREEN BUILDING METHODS AND MATERIALS 9 This section provides more detailed descriptions of Green Building practices, information on material applications as well as the environmental benefits.

A. Site 10 B. Foundation 12 C. Structural Frame 13 D. Exterior Finish 15 E. Plumbing 17 F. Electrical 19 G. Roofing 20 H. Appliances 21 I. Insulation 22 J. Windows 24 K. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 26 L. Renewable and Solar Energy 30 M.Indoor Air Quality / Finishes 32 N. Flooring 35

3. GREEN REMODELING CHECKLIST AND ILLUSTRATIONS 37 The checklist is intended to serve as a tool for project planning and design, materials selection, and construction.

Checklist 38 New Addition 40 Second Floor 42 Bathroom 44 Kitchen 46

COMPREHENSIVE RESOURCE LIST (supplementary insert) Chapter One: Introduction

This section gives an overview of the basic concepts and elements of green building. Contractors can use the

Guidelines as a way to describe green building practices and benefits – highlighting the unique expertise and se r vices they can provide to the homeowner. Homeowners can use the Guidelines to gain information on green bu i l d in g options and to define the objectives of their project.

5 Introduction

Gr een building is just applied common sense. To demystify the process and move forwa r d with your construction project, it is helpful to think of green building as the converge n c e of three fundamental objectives:

1 Conserve natural resources

2 Increase energy efficiency

3 Improve indoor air quality

Natural Resource Conservation Remodelers have a rapidly expanding range of green building materials from which to choose. Conventional building practices consume large Re c y c l e d - content decking, insulation, reclaimed quantities of wood, plastic, cardboard, paper, and other products divert waste from water and other natural resources that lead – landfills, while providing quality and durability unnecessarily – to their depletion. that often exceed conventional materials. For example, decking material made out of recycled For example, wood is one of the most common plastic resins mixed with wood waste fibers can building materials, but is often used wastefully. We last up to five times longer than wood decks, have already harvested 95% of the nation’s old- and never need to be treated or painted. gr owth forests – a trend that simply cannot continue. En g i n e e r ed lumber products such as wood I-, Water conservation is another important issue. wood fiber laminates and , Wise water usage reduces the strain on res o u rc e s utilize fast growing farm trees as an alternative as well as lowers expenses. Today, remodelers to old-growth forests. These products can use as can take advantage of a new generation of high- little as 50% of the wood fiber to perfo r m the same efficiency washers, dishwashers, and landscape structural functions and are typically stronger, water management systems. straighter and lighter than solid-sawn lumber.

CONTRACTOR TIP PROVIDE A HOMEOWNER’S MANUAL OF PRODUCTS INSTALLED

Provide homeowners with a product manual that describes the benefits of the various green materials installed and how to maintain them. Informing the homeowner about the green features and products will ensure the effective use and maintenance of the features for many years after the project is completed.

6 Energy Efficiency One of the most common indoor pollutants is formaldehyde, a suspected human carcinogen. Energy efficiency is a cornerstone of any green Kitchen cabinets, countertops, shelving and building project. Generation and use of energy are are typically made from particleboard major contributors to air pollution and global climate held together by formaldehyde-based adhesives. change. Improving energy efficiency and using ren e w - The formaldehyde is released into the home for ab l e en e r gy sources are effective ways to improve years after these products have been installed. air quality and reduce the impacts of global warmi n g . Many paints and floor finishes also contain unhealthy volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Im p r oving energy efficiency is also an economically That “new house smell” is actually the odor of effective choice for consumers. Lowering utility these volatile compounds offgassing and is a expenses allows residents to enjoy the financial telltale sign that there are harmful chemicals benefits year after year. in the indoor environment.

The first step to increase energy efficiency is to The building products industry has responded add insulation and weather stripping wherever to these indoor pollution problems by developing possible, install double-glazed/low-E windows and al t e r native paint, finish, and adhesive prod u c t s . upgrade to high-efficiency appliances. Other energy For example, solvent-free adhesives used in upgrades/choices include installing solar water flooring and countertops can eliminate many heaters, photovoltaic panels, and purchasing of the suspected and known human carci n o g e n s . “green power” generated from renewable sources Paints, varnishes, and cleaners that don’t utilize like the sun, wind and (when available). volatile compounds are now commonly available fr om most major manufacturers at costs compara- Indoor Air Quality bl e to conventional prod u c t s .

The United States Environmental Protection In addition to the growing number of re a d i l y Agency (EPA) reports that the air in new homes available and cost-effective green materials – can be ten times more polluted than outdoor an increasing number of builders and rem o d e l e r s air. According to the New England Journal of ar e also using natural building materials such a s Medicine, 40% of children will develop respira- straw-bale, rammed earth, adobe and cob. tory disease, in part, due to the chemicals in While less common in their use, natural building their homes. Poor indoor air quality is caused products have a positive impact on the environ- by the offgassing of chemicals found in many ment as they are renewable and abundant; energy - building materials as well as mold and mildew e fficient in production, transport and use; that build up in homes due to poorly designed non-polluting; durable and long lasting. and maintained heating and cooling systems.

7 Benefits of Green Building

There are many reasons to build green. These include a concern for the environment, an interest in building more efficiently, health considerations or a desire to create an en v i r onmentally friendly image for your business. By applying a sustainable perspective to design, construction and remodeling, gr een building brings the benefits of res o u rc e conservation, energy savings and healthy living.

Each of the features listed in these Green Building Often the homeowner focuses on the “up-front” Guidelines benefit the environment by addres s i n g costs (materials and installation) to incorporate one or more of the following: res o u r ce conserva t i o n , gr een features into a home. When other factors are energy efficiency, indoor air quality. co n s i d e r ed, such as lower maintenance and operation costs, many of the recommended strategies in these Guidelines offer tangible economic benefits to the Cost Considerations ho m e o w n e r . Energy upgrades alone usually res u l t in a payback through lower monthly energy costs. While green building and its environmental benefits are becoming more mainstream, it is commonly When considering green building measures, it is assumed that green building features and prod u c t s ve r y important to balance product and installation translate into additional costs. What is often over- costs with other significant benefits such as lo o k e d is the added value that green building energy savings, increased durability, enhanced contributes to the home: energy - e ff i c i e n c y , improv e d air quality and healthier homes for occupants. indoor air quality, healthier homes for the family, and durability. These Guidelines recommend methods and materials that range in cost–some of them cost no more or even less than conventional options.

8 Chapter Two: Green Building Methods and Materials

This section provides more detailed descriptions of gre e n building practices, material applications, as well as the associated environmental benefits. The items are ordered by ease of implementation as well as cost eff e c t i v e n e s s .

9 A. SITE Site

1. Recycle Job Site Construction 2. Salvage Reusable 3. Install Drip Irrigation and Demolition Waste Building Materials Description: Description: Description: Drip irrigation systems provide a Co n s t r uction waste generally consists Various building materials can be small but constant water supply to of wood, drywall, metals, concrete, salvaged and reused, such as flooring, landscape, thus preserving soil dirt and cardboard – materials that doors and windows, tubs and sinks, moisture, and significantly reducing can be reused or recycled if prep a re d cabinets, fixtures, etc. water waste from overspray. properly. Each year over a quarter million tons of construction and Application: Application: demolition debris is disposed of at When remodeling, consider salvage Replace standard sprinkler systems Alameda County landfills. and deconstruction, by selectively with drip irrigation systems for all and carefully removing materials for landscape applications except turf. Application: . There are a number of licensed Identify the types and quantities of contractors that offer dismantling Benefit: materials generated at the job site. se r vices to salvage materials for reu s e . Drip irrigation systems dramatically Contact local recycling facilities Many firms are non-profits and will reduce landscape water use and and haulers to identify terms and provide itemized donation receipts. lower water costs. conditions required for recycling Usable items can also be dropped off materials. Allocate space for recy- at used building material stores. Call cling bins and containers. Call the the Alameda County Recycling Hotline Alameda County Recycling Hotline 1.877.STOPWASTE for a copy of 4. Incorporate 1.877.STOPWASTE for more info. Builders’ Guide to Reuse and Recycling Permeable Paving which lists these local businesses. Benefit: Description: Recycling reduces pres s u r e on land- Benefit: Permeable paving allows water to fills, saves money by reducing tipping Salvaging reusable building materials pe r colate into the soil. For driveways, fees, and provides raw materials for de c r eases disposal costs, saves natural walkways and paths, utilize gap-spaced future building products. res o u r ces and increases landfill capacity. unit pavers, decomposed granite, Donations can be tax deductible. gravel or grass-stabilization systems.

Application: Use permeable paving for walkways, Drip Irrigation System for widely-spaced plants and trees patios, and driveways. Installed like conventional pavers.

Benefit: Allowing stormwater percolation reduces the volume of polluted water that flows into rivers or the Bay, while Feeder Tubing replenishing soil moisture and local (buried under soil) Drip Emitter aquifers. Additional benefits include (do not bury) reduction in irrigation requirements as well as lower risk of flooding. Poly Header Pipe (buried under soil)

10 5. Design Resource-Efficient 7. Remodel for Mixed Landscapes and Gardens Use, Adaptive Reuse and Historic Preservation Description: Conventional landscapes have high Description: inputs of water and chemicals and Reusing existing buildings is one of are often overplanted or planted the most straightforward ways to without regard for climate and soil conserve resources. Older buildings conditions. This results in excess typically feature high-quality materials water use, water pollution and in the structure, doors, windows, waste generation. and finishes. When working with historic buildings, remodelers Resource-Efficient Garden Application: should also review the Department Specify plants that are appropriate of the Interior Standards for for the climate and soil of the area; 6. Provide for On-Site Water Historic Preservation. select slow growing, drought toler- Catchment / Retention ant plants; design with perennials Application: instead of annuals; and site plants Description: Many high quality materials found ap p r opriately – giving them plenty of Rainwater is channeled through in older structures can be left in room to mature and reducing the need gutters and downspouts to an above place or reused. Large timbers, for pruning. Recycle yard trimmings by gr ound cistern or undergr ound gravel beams, columns, and can grasscycling, mulching and composting. dry well. Stored water is used for be regraded and certified for use in landscape irrigation. structural applications. Benefit: Sustainable landscape techniques are Application: Benefit: in harmony with the local environ m e n t Install wherever there is guttered The reuse of older buildings conserve s and help conserve water, reduce use roof run o f f and room for the cistern. resources, diverts demolition waste of chemicals, create healthier soil and from landfills, and preserves neigh- plants, and increase bio-diversity in Benefit: borhood character. landscape areas. Water catchment reduces the need to use treated, drinkable water for watering of lawns and gardens.

HOMEOWNER TIP FRUIT, VEGETABLE AND YARD TRIMMINGS

Compost is nature’s way of recycling. Turn fruit, vegetable and yard trimmings into a first rate soil conditioner. Use compost to replace store-bought soil conditioners. Compost adds nutrients and beneficial microbes to soil, improves soil fertility and reduces watering needs. Composting saves money by lowering garbage bills, increases the ability of soil to hold water, improves soil health, and helps extend the life of our landfills. Contact the Alameda County Rotline 510.444.SOIL for more information and discounts on compost bins and mulching mowers. 11 B. FOUNDATION Foundation

1. Incorporate Recycled 3. Use Recycled Content Rubble 5. Use Aluminum Forms Flyash in Concrete for Backfill Drainage Description: Description: Description: Aluminum forms come in all sizes Flyash is a byproduct of coal burni n g Co n c r ete and rubble can be crus h e d and shapes and produce a smooth power plants and can be an inex- and used for backfill and drainage finished surface on the concrete. pensive substitute for a portion of purposes at the base of foundations. They can be used repeatedly. portland cement used in concrete. Application: Application: Application: Use recycled materials for backfill. Aluminum forms can be used in most Typ i c a l l y , 15-50% of cement can be applications to replace wood forms. replaced with flyash in res i d e n t i a l Benefit: concrete mixes, however it must be Using recycled instead of virgin Benefit: cu r ed longer than standard concret e . materials saves money and natural Because they can be reused many resources. times, aluminum forms reduce wood Benefit: use and, despite higher initial cost, Flyash increases the strength and pay for themselves quickly. durability of the concrete. Using flyash also reduces the amount of cement needed, thereby decreasing the overall environmental impacts of cement production.

2. Reuse Form Boards

Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs) Description: Form boards are often 2x10 or larger solid sawn lumber typically 4. Insulate Foundation 6. Install Rigid Foam, Insulated cut from old-growth trees. Before Backfill Concrete Forms (ICFs)

Application: Description: Description: Forms are used whenever concrete All foundations, including slab floors, Rigid foam forming systems hold con- is poured. By carefully removing can be insulated to minimize heat loss. crete in place during curing and and separating the forms, they can remain in place afterwa r ds to serve as be reused several times. Application: th e r mal insulation for concrete walls. Insulate foundation with extruded Benefit: po l y s t y r ene insulation of at least R-4 Application: Reuse of forms saves money and (1” or greater). Use rigid foam forming systems conserves resources. Solid sawn wherever an insulated foundation lumber is becoming increasingly Benefit: is desirable. expensive and scarce. Insulating the foundation minimizes heat loss from the floors and base- Benefit: ment, reduces energy loss and Unlike untreated lumber, ICFs are therefore reduces utility bills. not subject to rot and result in a better insulated foundation. 12 C. Structural Frame

1. Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber 2. Use Forest Stewardship 3. Use Wood I-Joists with Engineered Lumber Council (FSC) for Floors and Ceilings for Framing Description: Description: Solid sawn lumber in sizes of 2x10 Description: Wood I-joists are engineered to use or greater typically comes from old- FSC certification assures that the fores t only the wood fiber necessary for growth forests. Engineered lumber fr om which the wood is produced is the structural function required. products, on the other hand, come managed in an environmentally and They typically use oriented strand fr om small-diameter and fast grow i n g socially responsible manner. board (OSB) for the web and either plantation trees. These products or solid include glulams, laminated veneer Application: sawn lumber for the chords (top lumber, wood I-joists, oriented Use FSC wood whenever new wood and bottom pieces). strand board, parallel strand lumber, framing is req u i r ed. Certified framing and other manufactured wood fiber materials and are available. Application: structural materials. Replace solid sawn lumber with Benefit: wood I-joists for floor and ceiling Application: FSC certification guarantees that joists. Often they can be used at A. Floor forests are managed in a way that 19.2” centers to save material. 2x10 and larger lumber are typically will assure the long-term availability used for floor and ceiling joists and of precious while protecting Benefit: some seismic applications. Large size old-growth forests. Wood I-joists use 50% less wood lumber can be replaced with engi- fiber to perfo r m the same struc t u r a l neered lumber in most applications function as similar sized solid sawn unless required by seismic codes. lumber and will never twist, warp or split. They are stronger and lighter B. Non-Load Bearing Header than 2x10 or 2x12 and can span Solid sawn 4x6 are often used for greater distances. headers when smaller dimension lumber would suffice, such as double I-joist 2x6, unless solid 4x6 are required by seismic codes.

C. St r uctural Headers and Beams Engineered lumber should be used whenever structural members are replaced. They substitute for 2x10 and 2x12 in most interior applications such as the structural framing of floors, walls and roofs.

Benefit: Reducing demand for large dimen- sional lumber decreases pres s u r e to cut down old-growth forests. Engineered lumber uses wood fiber more effi c i e n t l y than conventional lumber, resulting in stronger and higher quality homes. 13 4. Use Oriented Strand 5. Use Finger-Jointed Studs 6. Use Structural Insulated Pa n e l s Board (OSB) for Subfloor (SIPs) for Walls and Roof and Sheathing Description: Fi n g e r -jointed studs use short pieces Description: Description: of 2x4 or 2x6 material glued together SIPs are a sandwich of rigid foam OSB is manufactured from fast to form standard stud lengths. with OSB on either side. They come growing farm trees. OSB comes in in nominal 4”-12” thickness and sheets and is used for sheathing Application: are about R-4 per inch. and subfloors. Use finger-jointed studs (graded equivalent to full dimensional studs – Application: Application: 1997 UBC Standard, Chapters 23 Use SIPs for structural exterior walls Use OSB as an alternative to plywood and 35) wherever conventional studs and roofs in place of stick framing. for sheathing or subfloors. are typically used, in vertical appli- SIPs can be designed to meet seismic cations. Use of finger-jointed studs Zone 4 requirements. Benefit: may require code approval by your OSB is as strong as traditional ply- local jurisdiction, and may need to Benefit: wood sheet material and is less be submitted to the structural SIPs are more energy - e f ficient, prov i d e expensive. OSB reduces the need engineer of record for approval. excellent soundproofing and reduce for large diameter old-growth trees infiltration relative to frame construc - required for plywood. Some OSB Benefit: ti o n . They can be erected quickly, uses lower formaldehyde content Finger-jointed studs reduce the use allowing for faster construction. adhesives which contributes to a of solid sawn wood studs. They are They save wood by eliminating much healthier indoor air quality. straighter and stronger than solid of the conventional framing lumber. sawn studs, eliminating crooked walls and reducing material waste.

7. Use Reclaimed Lumber Oriented Strand Board

Description: High quality dimensional lumber in long lengths can often be salvaged from old buildings that are being deconstructed or salvaged.

Application: Use reclaimed lumber for non-struc- tural applications, in place of new material. For structural applications, look for reclaimed lumber that is engineer-stamped and graded.

Benefit: Reclaimed lumber from decon- structed buildings reduces resource consumption and landfill deposits. Reclaimed lumber is often of higher quality than new lumber. 14 D. EXTERIOR Exterior FINISH Finish

1. Use Sustainable Decking Materials 2. Use Treated Wood That Does Not Contain Chromium or Arsenic A. Recycled Content Decking B. Forest Stewardship Council for Decking and Sill Plates (FSC) Certified Wood Decking Description: Description: Th e r e are two types of recycled content Description: Alkaline Copper Quarte n a r y (ACQ) and decking: plastic lumber and composite Certified, sustainably harvested Wol m a n Natural Select are alterna t i v e lumber. Recycled plastic lumber lumber comes from forests managed treated woods that do not contain contains only recycled plastic in an environmentally and socially chromium – a heavy metal – and resins, while is responsible manner. arsenic, which are detrimental to made by combining recycled wood human health. ACQ and Wol m a nN a t u r a l fiber and recycled plastic resins Application: Select eliminates both of these compo- that are then formed into deck boards . Use FSC Certified lumber for all nents yet provide long-term prot e c t i o n . exterior decking applications or as Application: st r uctural deck members in conjunc- Application: Use recycled content decking in all ti o n with recycled content decking. Use non-chromium/arsenic treated non-structural deck applications. wood for any application that specifies Both products can be used in place Benefit: treated lumber including decking, of old-growth redwood, cedar and FSC certification guarantees that fencing, and site furnishings. pre s s u r e treated pine. These prod u c t s forests are managed in a way that accept screws and nails, and cut like will assure the long-term availability Benefit: wood. Follow manufacturer recom- of precious woods while preserving ACQ and Wolman Natural Select mendations closely regarding the old-growth forests. use copper as its main component, amount of expansion that will occur and is a healthier alternative to when using plastic lumber. lumber treated with chromium and arsenic, particularly for children

Benefit: who play on or near decks. The durability of these materials is greater than wood, providing cost savings to the homeowner over the life of the products. They will not rot, crack or splinter, do not require staining and are not treated with potentially toxic chemicals. Using recycled content decking also red u c e s pressure on old-growth forests.

Recycled Content Decking 15 3. Use Alternative Materials

A. Use Recycled Content Siding B. Use Fiber-Cement Exterior Siding

Description: Description: Recycled content siding is often Fiber-cement siding is composed called hardb o a r d. Hardb o a r d includes of cement, sand and va r ying amounts of recycled content fibers. It is available in shingles, materials and looks and performs planks or 4x8, 4x9, or 4x10 like wood siding. sheets. It is textured to look like wood siding or stucco finish. Application: Use hardb o a r d whenever wood siding Application: is installed or replaced. Replace conventional wood siding or stucco finishes with fiber-c e m e n t Benefit: siding. This product can be cut with Siding that has been manufactured a carbide-tipped saw blade, snapper with recycled wood fiber will not shears or with a guillotine cutter. Dust crack, split or warp and holds paint protection and control are required longer than solid wood siding, when cutting with a circular saw. therefore reducing maintenance costs and resources. Benefit: Fi b e r -cement siding is more durable than wood, termite resistant, non- combustible and warranted to last 50 years. Using fiber-cement siding reduces the demand for old-growth redwood or cedar siding. It may also reduce homeowner’s insurance rates due to fire resistance.

Fiber-Cement Siding 16 E. PLUMBING Plumbing

1. Install Hot Water 3. Insulate Hot and 5. Replace Toilets with Jacket Insulation Cold Water Pipes Low Flow Models

Description: Description: Description: Water heater jacket insulation is an Insulating water pipes reduces New toilets use 1.6 gallons per insulated wrapper that goes around the heat loss or gain in the pipes while flush compared with old toilets hot water tank and is secured in place. the water is standing. that require 5-7 gallons per flush.

Application: Application: Application: Install on existing hot water heaters. Insulate hot water pipes in all runs Whenever possible, replace existing For new water heaters, make sure through unconditioned spaces: toilets with new 1.6-gallon models. that installation will not void warra n t y . basements, crawl spaces, attics, etc. At a minimum, insulate both Benefit: Benefit: hot and cold pipes at least 6 feet It is estimated that low flow toilets Jacket insulation reduces heat loss fr om the hot water heater to prev e n t alone can save up to 22,000 gallons by about 10% and more on older convective circulation from the heater of water per year for a family of four. water heaters. through the pipes.

Benefit: Insulated pipes save energy and 6. Install Chlorine Filter 2. Convert Gas to Tankless water. The water does not need to on Showerhead Water Heaters run as long to get hot water to a distant faucet, thereby reducing Description: Description: hot water heating costs. Water filters on showerheads Tankless water heaters (flash or on- reduce chemicals and particulates demand heaters) heat water as needed from the water stream. rather than having a tank in which hot water is stored. Their capacity to 4. Retrofit all Faucets and Application: pr ovide hot water is virtually unlimited. Showers with Flow Reducers Install the water filter between the pipe and the existing showerhead. Application: Description: Install tankless water heater as close Flow reducers fit into the aerator at Benefit: to the point of use as possible. The the tip of the faucet and reduce the Chlorine is absorbed 6 times faster device should have a variable-set rate of water flow through the faucet. through the skin than through the thermostat and be appropriately Low flow showerheads replace digestive system. It has been shown sized. Gas tankless water heaters standard showerheads. that chlorine absorption can have typically have more capacity than adverse health effects on some electric tankless heaters. Application: people and especially children. Use flow reducers on all faucets Benefit: and showers that accept reducers. Typical water heaters lose 15% of Old fixtures may not accept red u c e r s their energy through standing tank if they do not have screw-on aerators. losses, whereas tankless heaters use energy only for immediate hot Benefit: water needs. Tankless water heaters Flow reducers can cut water usage often are quicker and more rel i a b l e . of faucets and showers by as much as 40% with little noticeable effe c t . 17 7. Pre-Plumb for 8. Install Water Filtration 9. Install On-Demand Hot Water Graywater Conversion Units at Faucets Circulation Pump

Description: Description: Description: Graywater is wastewater from sinks, Water filtration units can be installed An on-demand hot water circu l a t i o n showers and washing machines that at individual faucets or for the whole pump can send hot water to fixtures is not contaminated by human waste. house. They reduce chlorine and in seconds; without wasting water many other chemicals, particulates while waiting for it to get hot. It uses Application: and microorganisms. a pump to rapidly move water from a Graywater plumbing separates the water heater to fixtures. It stops when waste pipes from sinks, showers, Application: water reaches a pre-set temperature. and washing machines from the Whole house filters are for drinking toilet waste. Graywater drains are water and plumbing (not for hosebibs Application: run to a holding tank similar to a or toilets). Install filtration system Install the pump at the furthest faucet septic tank which, in turn, is used between the cold water line and fr om the water heater. Only one pump to water plants, lawns and gardens. the main drinking water faucets in is needed to supply hot water to any Check with your local building the house. fixture and can easily be installed. department for requirements. Benefit: Benefit: Benefit: Agricultural run - o f f, chemical leaching Both water and energy are saved Graywater utilization cuts down on and microorganisms increasingly since water doesn’t have to be the use of potable water for outside contaminate public water systems wasted until it reaches the correct irrigation and lawn watering. It is across the country. House filtration temperature for use. Hot water essentially recycling water at home. systems reduce the health threat of arrives to the fixture 5 times faster these contaminants. than on average.

On-Demand Water Circulation Pump

Cold Hot

“On-demand” Switch

Water Heater

18 F.. ELECTRICAL Electrical

1. Install Compact Fluorescent 2. Install Lighting Controls 3. Install Ceiling Fans Light Bulbs (CFLs) Description: Description: Description: Lighting controls use sensors and timers Ceiling fans improve interior comfort CFLs screw in like conventional bulbs to turn lights off in unused areas or by circulating cold and warm air. They but consume up to one-fourth of the during times when lighting is not needed. can be adjusted to either draw warm electricity used by incandescent air upward during summer months bulbs to produce an equivalent Application: or push it downward during the winter. amount of light. Install lighting controls either at specific locations or as a whole house system. Application: Application: Lighting controls are especially applicable Pr eferable locations are bedrooms and Install CFLs in place of standard for exterior uses but are not rec o m m e n d e d living rooms where occupants spend incandescent bulbs. CFLs are not for use in bathrooms with showers. time. Ceiling fans must be supporte d recommended for fixtures that are adequately between ceiling joists. turned on and off many times per Benefit: day, i.e. a busy bathroom. Choose Lighting controls reduce energy Benefit: a CFL that is one-fourth the wattage use by having the lights on for Ceiling fans can reduce the need of the incandescent bulb. shorter periods of time. for air conditioning.

Benefit: Compact fluorescent bulbs are a pr ofitable investment, saving several times their purchase price through reduced electricity bills and fewer replacement bulbs because they last eight times longer.

ENERGY STAR® qualified compact fluorescent lighting lasts up to eight times longer than incandescent lighting. Save $22 to $65 in energy costs over the life of a compact fluorescent bulb. You'll replace an incandescent eight times to match the life expectancy of a single compact fluorescent.

How do you choose the right compact fluorescent bulb? The following is a general guide to assist you:

Source: www.pge.com

Existing Incandescent Lamp Proposed ENERGY STAR® Savings over the Compact Fluorescent Bulb life of the bulb 40 - 60 watts 11 - 15 watts $22 - $35 75 watts 16 - 20 watts $43 + 90 - 100 watts 23 - 40 watts $52 +

19 G. ROOFING Roofing

1. Select Light Colored Roofing 2. Select Safe and Durable Roofing Materials Description: Dark roofing materials absorb heat Description: making the house warmer in summer 40-year asphalt composition, tile, months, whereas light colored roo f i n g slate, fiber-cement and metal are reflects heat away from the building. examples of safe and durable roo f i n g materials. Avoid cedar and wood Application: shake shingles. For pitched roof buildings, use light colored roofing. For flat roofs, the Application: black asphalt or roofing material Applicable anytime roofing material should be coated with light colored is specified. gravel or painted with light colored or reflective paint. Benefit: A durable and safe roof is cost effe c - Benefit: tive and reduces landfill deposits. Light colored roofing reduces heat buildup through the roof, increa s i n g occupancy comfort, and decreasing air conditioning bills. Light colored Standing Seam Metal Roof (top) roofing can also last longer because Fiber-Cement Roofing Tiles (above) it does not thermally expand and 40-year Composition Roofing (below) contract as much as darker colors.

HOMEOWNER TIP INSTALL A REFLECTIVE WHITE COATING ON YOUR ROOF

A reflective white coating can increase the roof's reflectivity and reduce energy consumption. A number of studies have begun to quantify possible energy savings with reflective roofing materials. One study by the Florida Solar Energy Center found that air conditioning energy use was reduced by an average of 23% in houses with increased roof reflectance.

20 H. Appliances

1. Replace Dishwasher

Description: Horizontal Axis Washing Machines New model dishwashers use water and energy more efficiently.

Application: Select ENERGY STAR ® di s h w a s h e r s when replacing older models.

Benefit: Wat e r- e f ficient dishwashers are also en e rg y - e f ficient because most energy consumed by dishwashers is used to heat water. These dishwashers ar e at least 30% more efficient than 1994 standard washers.

2. Install Horizontal Axis Washing Machine

Description: Horizontal axis machines load from the front, spinning clothes in and out 3. Install Energy - E f ficient Refrigerator of the water to tumble them clean. Description: Application: Refrigerators and freezers are among Install ENERGY STAR® horizontal the largest users of electricity in axis washing machines when most homes. They can account for replacing older models. up to 25% of household energy use. New appliances are much ® Benefit: more energy-efficient. You will find the ENERGY STAR Horizontal axis machines save label on products that exceed en e r gy perfo r mance guidelines for resources by using less water and Application: en e r gy effi c i e n c y . If all consumers, energy. They use up to 40% less Use ENERGY STAR ® rated ref r i g e r a t o r s businesses, and organizations in water and 50% less energy than when replacing old units. the United States chose ENERGY conventional top loading washers, STAR® products over the next translating into lower energy and water Benefit: decade, the national annual energy bills for the resident. Manufacturer s Ne w , efficient refrigerators can save bill would be reduced by about claim that there is less wear and tear over 10% of the total annual electrical $200 billion. For more informa t i o n , on clothes compared to the traditional bill. Check with your local utility visit www.energystar.gov. agitator (top loading) machines company for rebate programs.

21 I. Insulation

1. Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to Exceed 2. Install Recycled Content, Title 24 Requirements Formaldehyde-Free Fiberglass Insulation Description: Insulation in exterior walls and ceilings can reduce the demand for air Description: conditioning and heating and make homes more comfortable. Many fiberglass insulation products include recycled glass, forma l d e h y d e - Application: free binders, no asphalt adhesives A. Wall Insulation B. Ceiling Insulation or colored dyes. Insulate walls of existing wood frame In c r ease ceiling insulation in existing houses to the capacity of the wall st ru c t u r e to exceed Title 24 Standard Application: ca v i t y , exceeding the Title 24 Standard of R-19 by 20%, where possible. When using fiberglass insulation, of R-13 by 20%. Wall cavities with Installation is generally intended to specify recycled content and no existing insulation can be blown be in ceilings below attic space, formaldehyde. Fiberglass insulation full of new cellulose or fiberglass with appropriate gable or soffit can be used for any typical insula- to increase the density, thereby ventilation. If existing cathedral or tion installation. in c r easing the R-value. Exterior walls flat ceilings are already insulated, can be wrapped with a minimum it is not recommended to install Benefit: of 1” (R-4) rigid foam to increase mo r e insulation in the cavity unless Formaldehyde-free binders reduce R-value if total exterior refinish is adequate insulation ventilation is indoor air quality problems and being performed. pr ovided. It is most cost-effective to insulation contains up to 30% add insulation to cathedral ceilings recycled glass. during construction or when remodeling other areas.

Benefit: Increased wall and ceiling insulation improves comfort, decreases heating and cooling requirements, saves money, and makes the home quieter.

Recycled Content, Formaldehyde-Free Fiberglass Insulation

22 3. Use Advanced Infiltration 4. Use Cellulose Insulation Reduction Practices A. Walls B. Ceilings Description: Expandable foam and caulk are Description: Description: used to prevent infiltration where Cellulose is a highly effective insu- Dry-blown or loose-fill cellulose is wood connections are made or lation made out of recycled newspaper. tr eated with borates for fire and insect framing is drilled to provide plumbing Spray cellulose wall insulation is resistance. Cellulose does not contain and electrical runs. mixed with low-toxic binders to adhere formaldehyde, which is common in to stud and joist cavity surfaces. many fiberglass insulations. Application: These methods are especially Application: Application: im p o r tant when fiberglass insulation This installation is intended for new Spread cellulose over ceiling joists is installed, since fiberglass does co n s t r uction or total “gut” ren o v a t i o n , or blow into tight cavities to increa s e little to reduce infiltration. Seal where existing wall surfaces have ceiling R-value. It is important to holes between floors and between been removed to the studs. It is not maintain attic or ceiling ventilation stud cavities around wire runs. Caulk cost effective in other applications. pathways, especially in cathedral top and bottom plates on all floors. ceiling applications. Benefit: Benefit: Spray insulation completely fills Benefit: Reduction in infiltration increases cavities and penetrations, thus Cellulose insulation is forma l d e h y d e - comfort and reduces energy bills. reducing air infiltration. The binder free, fire-resistant, manufactured in the insulation also reduces the with recycled materials, reduces air air movement within wall cavities, leakage and contributes to a more reducing moisture intrusion and flame co m f o r table and energy - e f ficient home. spread. Using cellulose insulation makes the home quieter, more comfortable and energy-efficient.

Spray Cellulose Insulation

23 J.I. WINDOWS Windows

1. Install Energy - E f ficient Win d o w s

Windows play a big role in the energy B. Low-Emissivity (Low-E) Win d o w s C. Low-Conductivity Frames ef ficiency of homes. In the summer, they can allow unwanted heat into Description: Description: the house, and in the winter, windows Low-E coatings, virtually unnoticeable Most window frames and sashes can account for as much as 25% to the eye, are installed inside the are made of wood, vinyl, fiberglass of the heat loss. When replacing air space of a double-paned window. or aluminum. Wood, vinyl and windows, look for models with the The low-E coatings help prevent fiberglass generally insulate better following energy saving features: heat from escaping through the than aluminum frames. glass in winter and block heat from A. Double-Paned Windows entering the home during summer. Application: Consider wood windows for any Description: Application: window that is being replaced. Double glazing insulates almost Use low-E, double-paned windows twice as well as single glazing. whenever windows are replaced. Benefit: Check with your local utility company Wood windows create greater comfort Application: for rebate programs. and better energy efficiency and is an Replace single-paned windows with en v i r onmentally preferable material. double-paned windows whenever Benefit: possible. Check with your local Low–E windows reflect heat, making utility company for rebate prog r a m s . the home more comfortable in cold weather and on hot summer days. The Benefit: cost premium of 10-15% for low-E High quality double-paned windows glass typically pays for itself in a few make the whole house quieter and years. Low-E, double-paned glass coating mo r e comfortable during all seasons, in c r eases glass R-value to 3 compared while saving energy and money. to R-1 for single-glazed windows.

Low-E Glass and Window

Low-E coating Double panes

Low-conductivity .5” argon- frame filled space

Warm edge spacer between frames

24 2. Install Low Heat Transmission Glazing 1. 5. Description: Reflective film reduces heat gain 6. from the sun, particularly during 7. late afternoon and evening hours in 8. hot climate areas. 2. 3. 9. Application: 4. Any unshaded, single-glazed west windows are good candidates for film application.

Benefit: 1. Look for this label as your assurance that 5. Independent Certification and Inspection Reflective film reduces overheating this window has been independently rated Agency (IA) selected by the window manufac- and is an inexpensive option that using a proc e d u r e established by the NFRC. tu re r . All testing is done by an NFRC-accred i t e d Although other labels may be present, the la b o r a t o r y, and results are sent to the IA for can significantly lower the need for NFRC label is your best source of energy evaluation. Both laboratories and manufacturer s additional cooling. performance information. ar e inspected annually to ensure that NFRC standards are maintained. 2. U-factor is a measure of heat transferred by the entire window (frame, sash and glass) 6. Name of the window manufacturer. either into or out of the building. A smaller U-factor will provide a window which is more 7. NFRC technical procedures by which the comfortable on cold days. Try to purchase a window was evaluated. window with the lowest U-factor. 8. The NFRC “rating”, a numerical value, 3. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) is a rep r esents the applicable energy perfo rm a n c e measure of the solar energy entering the characteristic. Residential (or “AA”) and building though the entire window. A lower Non-residential (or ”BB”) are NFRC size SHGV will reduce air conditioning costs and designations. Representative test sizes are provide more comfort on hot days. chosen for each product type and identical sizes ar e compared among diffe r ent manufacturers. 4. Visible Transmittance (VT) is a measure of the amount of visible light entering the window. 9. Manufacturer’s description of the Try to select a window with a high VT. It will labeled product. bring more natural day-light into your home. Source: www.pge.com

HOMEOWNER TIP INSULATING EXISTING WINDOWS

If existing windows are in relatively good shape, it may be hard to justify replacing them. Consider installing weatherstripping, caulking, inner or outer storm windows and insulating drapes or curtains to improve perfo r mance of existing windows.

25 J.K .H HEATING,e a t i n g VENTILATION, Ven t i l a t i o n ANDan d AIRAi r CONDITIONINGCo n d i t i o n i n g (HVAC)(H V AC )

1. Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints 3. Vent Range Hood to the Outside 5. Install Solar Attic Fan

Description: Description: Description: Leaks in the joints between ductwork Steams, gases, smoke and other Solar attic fans exhaust heat from allow conditioned air to escape into combustion by-products (such as attic spaces in summer and clear attics and basements. Duct tape loses unburned hydrocarbons) can result condensation in the winter. its effectiveness in 3-5 years. Mastic from cooking. Stovetop range maintains the seal for decades. hoods expel these by-products to Application: the outside. Solar attic fans are powered by the Application: sun and are most effective when Install mastic at every metal duct joint Application: placed on the southern side of the and around the bends in elbows. It is Range hoods are particularly roof and centered between the roof important for all ducts to be sealed. im p o r tant for gas stoves and can be . Avoid installing under over- installed where stoves are adjacent hanging trees or other structures Benefit: to exterior walls. creating shade. Leaky air ducts can cause negative pressure in the house which can Benefit: Benefit: allow carbon monoxide from gas Range hoods improve indoor air In the summer, attics can reach up to water heaters and furnaces into the quality, prevent overheating and 15 0 º F . That heat radiates into the home. Well-sealed ductwork also excess moisture build-up. home and increases the temperature keeps the house more comfortable. inside. A solar attic fan removes this hot air and reduces the need for air conditioning by as much as 50%. 4. Install 90% or Greater Fans can also incease the life of the 2. Install New Ductwork within Efficiency Gas Forced Air Furnace roof by decreasing condensation. Conditioned Space Description: Description: High efficiency furnaces convert Ducts in exterior walls, attics and in gas to heat with greater efficiency. 6. Clean all Ducts Before uninsulated spaces lose a significant Occupancy amount of heated or cooled air capacity. Application: Replace conventional furnaces with Description: Application: high efficiency models. Installing Debris and dust from construction can All ductwork for heating or cooling the proper size of furnace for the cause allergic reactions in occupants. should be run through conditioned home is just as important as its space inside the insulated envelope. eff i c i e n c y . Check with your local utility Application: Duct runs req u i r e chases to be designed company for rebate information. Clean or vacuum all ductwork into the project from the beginning. before occupancy to eliminate Benefit: dust. Clean ducts before carpet is Benefit: A properly sized, high efficiency laid and finishes are applied. Locating ducts in the conditioned furnace costs less to operate. It space significantly reduces energy saves natural resources, reduces Benefit: loss and improves occupant comfort. air emissions and helps create a Ch i l d r en are especially sensitive to micro cleaner environment. pa r ticulates like drywall dust. Cleaning and vacuuming ductwork reduces dust ar ound the house after occupancy.

26 8. Replace Electric Heaters and Air Flow with Whole-House Fan Wall-Mounted Gas Heaters with Through-the-Wall Heat Pumps

Description: Wall-mounted electric and gas heating units are potential fire hazards. Gas units produce both unburned hydro- ca r b o n s and carbon monoxide, a deadly unnoticeable gas. A wall heat pump has an exterior compressor and an interior air handler that blows conditioned air throughout the home.

Application: Replace any wall-mounted heater with a heat pump. Replacement with a heat pump is potentially 7. Install Whole House Fan expensive. Another option is to use the water heater as the heat source Description: Benefit: using a fan coil to distribute heat Whole house fans work by An average whole house fan uses in the home. continuously replacing warm indoor one-tenth the electricity of an air air with cooler outdoor air. conditioning unit. Moving large vol- Benefit: umes of air can achieve indoor Eliminating electric heaters and wall- Application: comfort at higher temperatures mounted gas heaters results in grea t e r The fan must be mounted in a without air conditioning. safety and more energy efficiency. hallway ceiling on the top floor of a house. An insulated, airtight seal is required to prevent air infiltration or exfiltration in winter. Fans should be sized to produce between 4-5 air changes per hour within the home and should have two speeds: low speed for continuous ventilation and high speed.

HOMEOWNER TIP INSPECT AIR DUCTS REGULARLY

Ducts should be inspected and sealed to ensure adequate airflow and eliminate loss of conditioned air. Ducts can leak as much as 15-20% of the air passing through them and can bring dust and humidity into living spaces. Thorough duct sealing can cut heating and cooling costs in many homes by 20%.

27 9. Install Zoned, Hydronic, Radiant Heating

Description: Hydronic heating forces hot water th r ough radiators located in diffe re n t ar eas or zones throughout the house. It is typically installed as baseboards or in floors.

Application: Use hydronic, radiant heating instead of forced air heating. The system must be designed before construction starts.

Benefit: Hy d r onic heating is more comforta b l e Radiant Floor Heating and saves energy by heating only the zone that requires heat.

10. Retrofit Wood Burning 11. Install / Replace Dampers 12. Install Airtight Fireplaces on Fireplaces Doors on Fireplaces

Description: Description: Description: The burning of wood in fireplaces is Dampers in the fireplace flue red u c e Open fireplaces suck air out of the a major source of air pollution during down drafting and heat loss during house and extract more heat than the winter months, generating up to cold weather. they provide. Airtight doors reduce one-third of the particulate matter the amount of oxygen drawn from on cold evenings. Application: the house for combustion purposes. Replace old damper if it no longer Application: seals the flue due to mechanical Application: Retrofit wood burning fireplaces failure, rust or soot buildup in the Re t r ofit doors on fireplaces. Outside with EPA certified wood stoves or chimney. air, needed for combustion, should fireplace inserts, pellet stoves or be brought in behind the doors. Some natural gas units. These units should Benefit: fireplaces provide for controlled air have direct outside combustion air A properly operating damper red u c e s intake from inside the house that vented into the insert. drafts throughout the house when can be shut down when not in use. the fireplace is not in use. Benefit: Benefit: The amount of pollutant particulate When shut, airtight doors can matter will be reduced by 75-90% reduce the heat taken from the compared a standard fireplace. house. They also reduce drafts when the fireplace is not in use.

28 13. Install Heat Recovery 14. Install Separate 15. Install High Efficiency Ventilation Unit (HRV) Garage Exhaust Fan Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter

Description: Description: Description: An HRV is a mechanical ventilation Ac c o r ding to the U.S. Environ m e n t a l HEPA filters remove over 90% of system that recovers heat from Protection Agency, an attached dust and particulates from the air. exhausted indoor air and transfers garage is the single most significant it to the incoming fresh air stream. contributor to poor indoor air quality. Application: HRV is an air-to-air exchanger in Car exhaust contains many known HEPA filters are installed in the which outgoing exhaust air preh e a t s carcinogens and can migrate into return air stream at the air handler, or precools the incoming fresh air. living spaces through doors and which should be sized to handle cracks in walls adjacent to the garage. the reduced air pressure caused by Application: the filter. Some units have an air The unit should be designed into Application: conditioning setting for the fan the HVAC system to capture heat Install exhaust fan on the opposite that will handle the retrofit filter. out of exhausted air from the ret u r n wall from the door to the house. It ducts of the forced air furnace. Note: can be wired to an electric garage Benefit: Use of this equipment is parti c u l a r l y door or put on a timer to run for The EPA has identified microp a rt i c u - appropriate with blower door test 15 minutes after door has been lates as a leading cause of res p i r a t o r y results of less than .35 Natural Air opened or closed. discomfort. By removing these par- Changes per Hour (NACH). ticles, the HEPA filter makes the Benefit: living space healthier. Benefit: An exhaust fan creates a healthier Air to air heat exchangers provide for indoor environment by reducing fr esh air in winter while exhausting the potential hazard of car exhaust stale indoor air. Heat is captured from entering the house. from the exhausted air stream and transferred to the incoming air.

HOMEOWNER TIP WASH AND CHANGE FURNACE FILTERS OFTEN

Furnace filters capture large particles of dust, pollen, and other indoor pollutants. Washable filters can be cleaned and reused. Non-washable filters must be replaced in keeping with the manufacturer's instructions. It is suggested to wash/change filters at least twice a year (preferably more often), preventing furnace air from becoming contaminated as it is blown into the living space.

29 L. Renewable and Solar Energy

1. Incorporate Natural Cooling 2. Incorporate Passive 3. Pre-Plumb for Solar Water Heating Solar Heating Description: Description: Natural cooling systems incorporate: Description: Insulated copper pipes are installed shading from deciduous trees (for Passive solar systems provide heat from the attic to a hot water closet east and west-facing glass), window to the structure through south fac- or mechanical room for future solar ov e r hangs and awnings, and radiant ing windows in conjunction with installation. This option allows the heat-reflective barriers installed in thermal mass. homeowner to install an active solar the attic space. system at a later date if they desire. Application: Application: The house must incorporate windows Application: Any combination of natural cooling that face within 30 degrees of due Provide south-facing roof area for techniques can be used to reduce south and have the ability to store collectors and access for piping to ov e r heating on homes. Use awnings excess heat in massive elements such a mechanical room. This is primarily and window overhangs primarily on as a slab floor or stone fireplace. applicable to homes that are being south facing glass to provide a bal- extensively rehabilitated on the interior. ance between summer cooling and Benefit: The most cost-effective time to install winter heating through solar gain. Passive solar design can reduce this pre-plumbing is during construc t i o n . Use landscaping to shade east and heating requirements by 30-50%, west-facing windows. saving energy and money. Benefit: Solar hot water pre-plumbing during Benefit: the remodeling process can save Natural cooling reduces the need for money for the homeowner if, at air conditioning, saves money on energy some point in the future, they want bills, and can make homes without to install a solar system. air conditioning more comfortable.

Solar Hot Water and Space Heating System 4. Install Solar Water System

Description: Solar water heating systems use solar Solar Collector panels to collect heat from the sun. The hot water is stored for use at a later time. Water pre-heated by a solar system can also supplement use of a standard water heater.

Cold Hot Application: Provide sufficient south-facing roof area for collectors, and space in a hot water closet for the additional Hot Water hot water storage tank. Storage Tank

Benefit: Solar hot water systems can pay back in Heat Exchanger as little as seven years and reduce the use of gas or electricity for water heating. 30 5. Install Photovoltaic (PV) Panels

Description: PV panels contain hundreds of small cells that collect the sun’s en e r gy and convert it into electricity. Excess electricity can be sent back into the utility grid for a credit on electric bills. The collected energy can also be stored in large batteries to meet the needs of nighttime energy requirements.

Application: Mount photovoltaic panels on the roo f or on the ground at an appropriate angle (usually 40-60º). The compo- nents for a residential, utility-tied system typically include panels, a Photovoltaic Panel System power relay center, an inverter, and storage batteries. An alternative installation would be self-contained systems (battery included) for out- side lighting, security lighting, or walkway illumination.

Benefit: PV panels can be used as a means to decrease reliance on conventional power plants that contribute to air pollution. PV can be cost effective in areas that require night lighting such as outdoor lights.

HOMEOWNER TIP CONSIDER THE BENEFITS OF INSTALLING PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) PAN E L S

Reliability: Generate your own electricity using renewable resources. Your electric utility can “store” and buy the extra electricity you generate or supply it if your system does not generate enough. Se c u r i t y : PV Panels provide a secure source of electricity. En v i ro n m e n t a l l y Fr i e n d l y : PVs are a clean, replenishable res o u r ce that do not contribute to global warmi n g . Sustainability: Use PVs to help ensure our energy future by tapping into an “infinite” po w e r su p p l y . Contact the California Energy Commission at 800.555.7794 for informa t i o n on cash rebates on eligible renewable energy electric-generating systems. 31 M. Indoor Air Quality / Finishes

1. Use Low/No-VOC and 2. Use Low VOC, Water-Based Formaldehyde-Free Paint Wood Finishes

Description: Description: Most paint releases volatile organic Conventional solvent-based wood compounds (VOCs), a major indoor finishes can offgas for months, and air pollutant, into the home. Once can be harmful to children. Low outside, VOCs react with other pol- VOC finishes, such as water-borne lutants, producing ground-level urethane and acrylic, are lower in ozone that also affects human health. toxic compounds compared to Often low/no-VOC products are manu- conventional solvent-based finishes fa c t u r ed without mercu r y or mercu r y while providing similar durability. compounds, or pigments of lead, Low/No-VOC paint cadmium, chromium, or their oxides. Application: Low VOC wood finishes can be 3. Use Solvent-Free Adhesives Application: used in most applications where Paint with low/no-VOCs is available solvent-based finishes are typically Description: from most major manufacturers and used. If solvent-based wood finishes Unlike solvent-based adhesives is applied like traditional paint must be used, they should be left that offgas toxic compounds for products. High washability should to offgas for three to four weeks months, solvent-free adhesives be specified for bathrooms, kitchens prior to occupancy. reduce toxic gasses such as aro- and children's bedrooms. Every finish matic hydrocarbons or solvents and most colors are available in Benefit: that contribute to air pollution. low/no-VOC paints. Using low VOC wood finishes red u c e s of fgassing into the home, improv i n g Application: Benefit: indoor air quality, and reducing the Use solvent-free products in place Low/No-VOC paint reduces the formation of urban smog. of standard adhesives for all interior emissions of VOCs into the home, applications such as installation of improving indoor air quality and flooring, countertops, wall coverings, reducing the formation of urban smog. paneling and tub/shower enclosures .

Benefit: Solvent-free adhesives are often stronger, emit fewer pollutants, and reduce the potential harmful impacts on the health of the occupants and installers.

HOMEOWNER TIP PROPERLY DISPOSE OF HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS

Alameda County residents can dispose of household hazardous wastes (paints, stains, adhesives, etc.) safely, conveniently-and free! Call 800.606.6606 for drop-off facility locations and hours.

32 4. Substitute Particleboard with 6. Substitute Formaldehyde-Based Formaldehyde-Free Materials Medium Density (MDF) with Formaldehyde-Free Materials Description: Particleboard is made from wood Description: fibers and an adhesive that contains Most MDF is made from urea formaldehyde, a suspected and an adhesive that contains urea human carcinogen. The forma l d e h y d e formaldehyde, a suspected human is continuously released, referred carcinogen. MDF without formalde- to as “off-gassing”, for years after hyde binders is now available. Other installation. Formaldehyde offg a s s i n g al t e r natives include certified plywood contributes to poor indoor air quality. Formaldehyde-Free Medium and boards made from agricultural Particleboard is typically used for Density Fiberboard (MDF) waste, such as wheatboard, a straw- cabinets, counter tops, stair treads, based particleboard manufactured and shelving. 5. Use Exterior Grade Plywood with non-formaldehyde and emission- for Interior Uses free binder. Application: Whenever possible, eliminate new Description: Application: particleboard inside houses by Exterior plywood uses phenolic res i n s Whenever possible, eliminate using solid wood for stair treads, that offgas one-tenth as much as formaldehyde-based MDF inside the certified exterior grade plywood or interior plywood. Interior plywood home. MDF is typically used for formaldehyde-free medium density typically uses urea-formaldehyde cabinets, trim, and shelving. Use fiberboard (MDF) for shelving, cab- glue which offgasses into the house. al t e r natives such as certified plywood, inets and substrate for counterto p s . fo rm a l d e h y d e - f r ee MDF, wheatboard, Application: tile and stone for shelving, cabinets Benefit: Substitute interior plywood with and countertops. Elimination of particleboard exterior plywood for custom cabinets reduces formaldehyde exposure to and shelving. Benefit: residents, particularly children, Reduces formaldehyde exposure to who are most susceptible. Benefit: residents, particularly children, who Formaldehyde is a suspected are more susceptible. Some boards human carcinogen and should be made from agricultural waste are avoided whenever possible. superior to wood-based parti c l e b o a r d in moisture resistance and struc t u r a l properties, and provides for the reuse of a former waste product.

HOMEOWNER TIP SELECT LOW-TOXIC OR CITRUS-BASED CLEANING SUPPLIES

High-quality, non-toxic and environmentally responsible cleaning products are readily available. Choose products that are non-toxic, ammonia and chlorine-free, as well as biodegradable. These cleaning products are as effective as conventional cleaners, without harsh chemicals that can lead to health problems and atmospheric ozone loss. For tips on how to make and use toxic-free household cleaners, call 1.877.STOPWASTE for a copy of Easy Recipes for A Healthy House. 33 7. Use Forest Stewardship Co u n c i l (FSC) Certified Trim Material

Description: FSC certified trim material comes Forest Stewardship Council Smart Wood and Scientific from forests that are managed in Certification Series accordance with sustainable forest practices. It is particularly importa n t The FSC logo on a product prov i d e s These groups verify that forest to specify certified wood instead of consumers with an assurance that management is accomplished cl e a r , knot-free trim as this material the wood they use comes from fores t s according to the FSC program. is typically harvested from non- managed in an environ m e n t a l l y sustainable, old-growth forests. and socially responsible manner.

Application: Use certified trim in any application 8. Seal all Exposed 9. Use Finger-Jointed Trim that normally uses conventional Particleboard or MDF stain-grade trim. Description: Description: Finger-jointed trim is manufactured Benefit: Using non-toxic, low permeability paint fr om short pieces of clear wood glued Sustainable forest certification or sealer to seal exposed parti c l e b o a r d together to create finished trim. assures that the forest from which or MDF will reduce the release of the trim is produced is managed in ha r mful gasses and is the next best Application: a way that will assure the long-term solution to elimination of parti c l e b o a rd . Use finger-jointed trim in any appli- availability of these precious woods cation where trim is to be painted. while protecting ancient, old- Application: growth forests. Whenever MDF or particleboard is Benefit: used, seal all exposed edges of Finger-jointed trim is straighter and cabinets, undersides of counterto p s , mo r e stable than conventional clear stairs, shelving, etc. with at least two wood, uses material more effe c t i v e l y , coats of less-toxic, low perme a b i l i t y and saves both money and res o u rc e s . paint or sealer prior to installation.

Benefit: Sealing all exposed particleboard reduces exposure of harmful emissions to residents, particularly children, who are most susceptible.

HOMEOWNER TIP PURCHASE VACUUM CLEANER WITH HEPA FILTER

High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters catch small dust particles that are typically blown ar ound the house during vacuuming. The EPA has determined that indoor particulate dust is a significant health hazard. HEPA filters reduce exposure to these harmful particulates. Children , asthmatics, senior citizens and others with respiratory diseases can benefit from reduced dust in the living environment.

34 N. Flooring

1. Select Forest Stewardship 2. Use Rapidly Renewable 3. Use Recycled Content Council (FSC) Certified Flooring Materials Ceramic Tile Description: Description: Description: Bamboo and cork flooring are alter- Recycled content ceramic tile can Certified wood flooring comes from natives to hardwood flooring. Bamboo contain up to 70% recycled glass. forests that are managed in accor- is a fast growing grass that can be Originally developed for high traffic dance with sustainable forest prac- ha r vested in three to five years. Cork commercial conditions, recycled tices. Certified wood flooring prod u c t s is a natural flooring material that is content tiles are very durable and are available in a wide variety of obtained from the outer bark of the wear well in residential applications. domestic and exotic species. cork tree that is regenerated every 10 years. Application: Application: Install recycled content tiles wherev e r Use FSC certified wood in place of Application: conventional tiles are specified. conventional hardwood flooring. Use these alternative flooring materials in place of conventional hardwood. Benefit: Benefit: Some recycled content ceramic tile Sustainable forest certification Benefit: is very dense which significantly assures that the forest from which Fast growing, rapidly renewable floor reduces the amount of moisture and the flooring is produced is managed substitutes are attractive and red u c e stains that are absorbed into the in a way that will assure the long- pre s s u r e on hardwood forests. Bamboo tile, making it more durable and term availability of these precious is as durable as wood; cork is naturally easier to maintain. woods while protecting ancient, fire and moisture resistant as well old-growth forests. as sound absorbing.

Bamboo Flooring

CONTRACTOR TIP MINIMIZING OFFGASSING FROM ADHESIVES

Use low VOC, water-based sealants and solvent-free adhesives when installing flooring. When installing laminate flooring, use glueless installation to minimize offgassing from adhesives.

35 Ingredients of Natural Linoleum

4. Replace Vinyl Flooring with 5. Use Exposed Concrete 6. Install Recycled Content Natural Linoleum as Finish Floor Carpet and Underlayment

Description: Description: Description: Natural linoleum is manufactured For slab-on-grade additions, the Recycled content carpet is made from natural materials such as cork concrete can be polished, finished fr om recycled plastic bottles, rec y c l e d and linseed oil. Unlike vinyl, linoleum with expansion joints in various pat- wool or recycled cotton. Recycled does not contain petroleum-based terns or stained with pigments to content carpet does not differ in pr oducts or chlorinated chemicals such make an attractive finish floor. This appearance or perfo r mance and the as PVC, which may be a source of approach is especially appropriate price is comparable to conventional VOC offgassing. There is also concern for radiant, in-floor heating systems. carpet. Recycled content underlayment of byproducts such as cancer causing and padding are also available. dioxins, which may be produced Application: during the manufacturing of vinyl. Use this approach for finished base- Application: ments or additions on slab construc - Use recycled content carpet, Application: ti o n . Finish must be designed and underlayment and padding in all Use natural linoleum in place of co n s t r ucted when slab is being poured . applications where conventional vinyl flooring. carpet is installed. Benefit: Benefit: When using the slab as a floor finish, Benefit: Linoleum is low-toxic, easy to rep a i r , it eliminates the need to use other Recycled content carpet saves durable, and stain resistant. Linoleum flooring materials. Additionally, it is resources and diverts waste from can last up to 40 years whereas durable and easy to clean. landfills. Approximately 40 two-liter vinyl lasts typically 7-10 years. soda bottles are recycled per square yard of carpeting. Recycled carpet is often more resilient and colorfa s t than carpet made from virgin fibers.

HOMEOWNER TIP PLACE ALL DOORMATS AT ALL EXTERIOR DOORS

Dust, dirt-borne contaminants, and chemicals such as fertilizer and pesticides are tracked into the house on shoes. Using a doormat, or preferably leaving shoes at the door, reduces this source of toxic contaminants. A doormat is an easy and inexpensive method to reduce toxic materials that would otherwise be brought into the home. 36 Chapter Three: Green Building Checklist and Illustrations

The checklist and illustrations are intended to serve as tools for project planning and design, materials selection, and construction. When building or remodeling, it is i m p o rtant to look carefully at the type of project and incorporate as many green features as possible. The items listed on the checklist rep r esent a variety of green building op p o r tunities; however, not all of them may apply to your remodeling project. There is no standard definition for what constitutes a “green building”, but in general, a g reen project will incorporate as many items on this checklist that is practical and applicable to your project.

37 Green Remodeler Checklist

A. Site E. Plumbing

1. Recycle Job Site Construction and Demolition Waste 1. Install Hot Water Jacket Insulation

2. Salvage Reusable Materials 2. Convert Gas to Tankless Water Heaters

3. Install Drip Irrigation 3. Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes

4. Incorporate Permeable Paving 4. Retrofit all Faucets and Showers with Flow Reducers

5. Design Resource-Efficient Landscapes and Gardens 5. Replace Toilets with Low Flow Models

6. Provide for On-Site Water Catchment / Retention 6. Install Chlorine Filter on Showerhead

7. Remodel for Mixed Use, Adaptive Reuse, and Historic Pres e rv a t i o n 7. Pre-Plumb for GrayWater Conversion

8. Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets

B. Foundation 9. Install On-Demand Hot Water Circulation Pump

1. Incorporate Recycled Flyash in Concrete

2. Reuse Form Boards F. Electrical

3. Use Recycled Content Rubble for Backfill Drainage 1. Install Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs

4. Insulate Foundation Before Backfill 2. Install Lighting Controls

5. Use Aluminum Forms 3. Install Ceiling Fans

6. Install Rigid Foam, Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs)

G. Roofing

C. Structural Frame 1. Select Light Colored Roofing

1. Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber with Engineered Lumber 2. Select Safe and Durable Roofing Materials

2. Use FSC Certified Wood for Framing

3. Use Wood I-Joists for Floors and Ceilings H. Appliances

4. Use OSB for Subfloor and Sheathing 1. Replace Dishwasher with Low Water Use Model

5. Use Finger-Jointed Studs 2. Install Horizontal Axis Washing Machine

6. Use Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) for Walls / Roof 3. Install Energy-Efficient Refrigerator

7. Use Reclaimed Lumber

I. Insulation

D. Exterior Finish 1. Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to Exceed Title 24 Requirements 1. Use Sustainable Decking Materials 2. Install Recycled Content, Formaldehyde-Free 2. Use Treated Wood that Does Not Contain Chromium Fiberglass Insulation or Arsenic for Decking and Sill Plates 3. Use Advanced Infiltration Reduction Practices 3. Use Alternative Siding Materials 4. Use Cellulose Insulation 38 J. Windows M. Indoor Air Quality / Finishes

1. Install Energy-Efficient Windows 1. Use Low/No-VOC and Forma l d e h y d e - F r ee Paint

2. Install Low Heat Transmission Glazing 2. Use Low VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes

3. Use Solvent-Free Adhesives

K. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 4 . Substitute Parti c l e b o a r d with Forma l d e h y d e - F r ee Materials

1. Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints 5. Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior Uses

2. Install New Ductwork within Conditioned Space 6. Substitute Formaldehyde-Based Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) with Formaldehyde-Free Materials 3. Vent Range Hood to the Outside 7. Use FSC Certified Trim Material 4. Install 90% or Greater Efficiency Gas Forced Air Furna c e 8. Seal all Exposed Particleboard or MDF 5. Install Solar Attic Fan 9. Use Finger-Jointed Trim 6. Clean all Ducts Before Occupancy

7. Install Whole House Fan N. Flooring 8. Replace Electric and Wall-Mounted Gas Heaters with Heat Pumps 1. Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring 9. Install Zoned, Hydronic, Radiant Heating 2. Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring Materials 10. Retrofit Wood Burning Fireplaces 3. Use Recycled Content Ceramic Tile 11. Install / Replace Dampers on Fireplaces 4. Replace Vinyl Flooring with Natural Linoleum 12. Install Airtight Doors on Fireplaces 5. Use Exposed Concrete as Finish Floor 13. Install Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit (HRV) 6. Install Recycled Content Carpet and Underlayment 14. Install Separate Garage Exhaust Fan

15. Install High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter

L. Renewable and Solar Energy

1. Incorporate Natural Cooling

For information on energy saving programs contact: 2. Incorporate Passive Solar Heating PG & E ’ s Smarter Energy Line 800.933.9555 or ww w. p g e . c o m 3. Pre-Plumb for Solar Water Heating For information on water-saving programs contact: East Bay 4. Install Solar Water System Municipal Utility District Conservation Services 510.287.0590 www.ebmud.com/services/conservation/residential.html 5. Install Photovoltaic (PV) Panels Zone 7 Water Agency Community Programs 925.484.2600 www.zone7water.com/community.html

For information on construction & demolition, recycling and composting contact: The Alameda County Recycling Hotline; 1.877.STOPWASTE or www.stopwaste.org

See Resource List in back pocket for local sources for all materials listed in Guidelines 39 New Addition Consider the following green remodeling options in a new addition.

Existing ceiling insulated to R-38

Light colored 40-year composition shingles

Site Solar hot water heating system • Recycle Job Site Construction and Demolition Waste • Salvage Reusable Materials • Install Drip Irrigation • Incorporate Permeable Paving • Design Resource-Efficient Landscapes and Gardens • Provide for On-Site Water Catchment / Retention • Remodel for Mixed Use, Adaptive Reuse, and Historic Pres e rv a t i o n E n g i n e e red lumber in ro o f

Foundation • Incorporate Recycled Flyash in Concrete • Reuse Form Boards High perf o rmance glazing • Use Recycled Content Rubble for Backfill Drainage Low VOC interior paint • Insulate Foundation Before Backfill • Use Aluminum Forms • Install Rigid Foam, Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs)

Structural Frame F i n g e r-jointed studs • Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber with Engineered Lumber • Use FSC Certified Wood for Framing • Use Wood I-Joists for Floors and Ceilings So l v e n t - f r ee low-toxic finish • Use OSB for Subfloor and Sheathing • Use Finger-Jointed Studs Flyash concre t e • Use Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) for Walls / Roof • Use Reclaimed Lumber Sustainable flooring Exterior Finish • Use Sustainable Decking Materials • Use Treated Wood that Does Not Contain Chromium or Arsenic for Decking and Sill Plates • Use Alternative Siding Materials

Plumbing Electrical • Install Hot Water Jacket Insulation • Install Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs • Convert Gas to Tankless Water Heaters • Install Lighting Controls • Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes • Install Ceiling Fans • Retrofit all Faucets and Showers with Flow Reducers • Replace Toilets with Low Flow Models Roofing • Install Chlorine Filter on Showerhead • Select Light Colored Roofing • Pre-Plumb for Graywater Conversion • Install Minimum 40-Year Composition Roofing • Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets • Install On-Demand Hot Water Circulation Pump 40 Upgrade to double pane, low-E window

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) • Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints • Install New Ductwork within Conditioned Space •Vent Range Hood to the Outside • Install 90% or Greater Efficiency Gas Forced Air Furnace • Install Solar Attic Fan • Clean all Ducts Before Occupancy • Install Whole House Fan • Replace Electric and Wall-Mounted Gas Heaters with Heat Pumps • Install Zoned, Hydronic, Radiant Heating • Retrofit Wood Burning Fireplaces • Install / Replace Dampers on Fireplaces Recycledcontent or fiber cement siding • Install Airtight Doors on Fireplaces • Install Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit (HRV) • Install High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter

Renewable and Solar Energy Hot and cold water pipes insulated • Incorporate Natural Cooling • Incorporate Passive Solar Heating • Pre-Plumb for Solar Water Heating Recycled content/OSB sheathing • Install Solar Water System • Install Photovoltaic (PV) Panels

Indoor Air Quality / Finishes • Use Low/No-VOC and Forma l d e h y d e - F r ee Paint • Use Low VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes • Use Solvent-Free Adhesives

R-24 wall fo rm a l d e h y d e - f r ee, • Substitute Parti c l e b o a r d with Forma l d e h y d e - F r ee Materials recycled content insulation • Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior Uses • Substitute Fo r maldehyde-Based Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) with Formaldehyde-Free Materials • Use FSC Certified Trim Insulation • Seal all Exposed Particleboard or MDF • Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to • Use Finger-Jointed Trim Exceed Title 24 Requirements • Install Recycled Content, Formaldehyde-Free Fiberglass Insulation Flooring • Use Advanced Infiltration Reduction Practices • Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring • Use Cellulose Insulation • Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring Materials • Use Recycled Content Ceramic Tile Windows • Replace Vinyl Flooring with Natural Linoleum • Install Energy-Efficient Windows • Use Exposed Concrete as Finish Floor • Install Low Heat Transmission Glazing • Install Recycled Content Carpet and Underlayment 41 Second Floor Consider the following green remodeling options in a second floor.

Site • Recycle Job Site Construction and Demolition Waste • Salvage Reusable Materials

Structural Frame • Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber with Engineered Lumber • Use FSC Certified Wood for Framing 40 year composition roofing • Use Wood I-Joists for Floors and Ceilings • Use OSB for Subfloor and Sheathing • Use Finger-Jointed Studs • Use Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) for Walls / Roof • Use Reclaimed Lumber Whole house fan

Exterior Finish • Use Treated Wood that Does Not Contain Chromium or Arsenic for Decking and Sill Plates • Use Alternative Siding Materials Double pane, Low-E window Plumbing

• Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes

• Install Chlorine Filter on Showerhead

• Pre-Plumb for GrayWater Conversion

• Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets Recycled content carpet • Install On-Demand Hot Water Circulation Pump and underlayment

Electrical

• Install Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs

• Install Lighting Controls

• Install Ceiling Fans Recycled content o r fiber cement siding

Roofing • Select Light Colored Roofing • Install Minimum 40-Year Composition Roofing 90% AFUE furn a c e

Insulation • Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to Exceed Title 24 Requirements • Install Recycled Content, Formaldehyde-Free Fiberglass Insulation • Use Advanced Infiltration Reduction Practices • Use Cellulose Insulation

42 Windows • Install Energy-Efficient Windows • Install Low Heat Transmission Glazing

Engineered wood I-joist Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) • Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints • Install New Ductwork within Conditioned Space • Install Solar Attic Fan • Clean all Ducts Before Occupancy • Install Whole House Fan • Install 90% or Greater Efficiency Gas Forced Air Furnace • Install Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit (HRV) • Install High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter

Renewable and Solar Energy • Incorporate Natural Cooling • Incorporate Passive Solar Heating FSC certified wood • Install Photovoltaic (PV) Panels F i n g e r-jointed studs Indoor Air Quality / Finishes • Use Low/No-VOC and Forma l d e h y d e - F r ee Paint • Use Low VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes • Use Solvent-Free Adhesives

Oriented Strand Board in subfloor • Substitute Particleboard with Formaldehyde-Free Materials • Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior Uses • Substitute Formaldehyde-Based Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) with Formaldehyde-Free Materials • Use FSC Certified Trim Material • Seal all Exposed Particleboard or MDF • Use Finger-Jointed Trim

S o l v e n t - f ree Flooring low toxic finish • Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring • Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring Materials • Use Recycled Content Ceramic Tile • Replace Vinyl Flooring with Natural Linoleum • Install Recycled Content Carpet and Underlayment

43 Bathroom Consider the following green remodeling options in a bathro o m .

Compact flourescent bulbs

Flow reducers

Site • Recycle Job Site Construction and Demolition Waste • Salvage Reusable Materials

Structural Frame • Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber with Engineered Lumber • Use FSC Certified Wood for Framing • Use Wood I-Joists for Floors and Ceilings Form a l d e h y d e - f r ee • Use OSB for Subfloor and Sheathing MDF substrate • Use Finger-Jointed Studs • Use Reclaimed Lumber FSC certified wood

Plumbing • Install Hot Water Jacket Insulation • Convert Gas to Tankless Hot Water Heaters • Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes • Retrofit all Faucets and Showers with Flow Reducers • Replace Toilets with Low Flow Models • Install Chlorine Filter on Showerhead • Pre-Plumb for Gray Water Conversion • Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets • Install On-Demand Hot Water Circulation Pump

Electrical Windows • Install Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs • Install Energy-Efficient Windows • Install Lighting Controls • Install Low Heat Transmission Glazing • Install Ceiling Fans Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Insulation • Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints • Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to • Install New Ductwork within Conditioned Space Exceed Title 24 Requirements • Clean all Ducts Before Occupancy • Install Recycled Content, Formaldehyde-Free Fiberglass Insulation • Use Advanced Infiltration Reduction Practices • Use Cellulose Insulation 44 Double paned, Low-E window

Chlorine filter Low VOC interior paint

Recycled content tile

Low flow toilet

Indoor Air Quality / Finishes Flooring • Use Low/ No-VOC and Forma l d e h y d e - F r ee Paint • Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring • Use Low VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes • Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring Materials • Use Solvent-Free Adhesives • Use Recycled Content Ceramic Tile • Substitute Parti c l e b o a r d with Forma l d e h y d e - F r ee Materials • Replace Vinyl Flooring with Natural Linoleum • Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior Uses • Use Exposed Concrete as Finish Floor • Substitute Formaldehyde-Based Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) • Install Recycled Content Carpet and Underlayment with Formaldehyde-Free Materials • Use FSC Certified Trim Material • Seal all Exposed Particleboard or MDF • Use Finger-Jointed Trim 45 Kitchen Remodel Consider the following green remodeling options in a kitchen re m o d e l .

Upgraded insulation

Site • Recycle Job Site Construction and Demolition Waste • Salvage Reusable Materials

Plumbing • Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes

• Retrofit all Faucets with FlowReducers Range vented outside • Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets • Install On-Demand Hot Water Circulation Pump

Electrical • Install Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs • Install Lighting Controls • Install Ceiling Fans

E n e rg y - e ff i c i e n t Appliances re f r i g e r a t o r • Replace Dishwasher with Low Water Use Model • Install Horizontal Axis Washing Machine • Install Energy-Efficient Refrigerator

Insulation • Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to Exceed Title 24 Requirement • Install Recycled Content, Formaldehyde-Free Fiberglass Insulation • Use Infiltration Reduction Practices • Use Cellulose Insulation

Windows • Install Energy-Efficient Windows Sustainable flooring • Install Low Heat Transmission Glazing

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Indoor Air Quality / Finishes • Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints • Use Low/No-VOC and Forma l d e h y d e - F r ee Paint •Vent Range Hood to the Outside • Use Low VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes • Use Solvent-Free Adhesives Flooring • Substitute Parti c l e b o a r d with Forma l d e h y d e - F r ee Materials • Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring • Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior Uses • Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring Materials • Substitute Formaldehyde-Based Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) • Use Recycled Content Ceramic Tile with Formaldehyde-Free Materials • Replace Vinyl Flooring with NaturalLinoleum • Use FSC Certified Trim Material • Use Exposed Concrete as Finish Floor • Seal all Exposed Particleboard or MDF • Install Recycled Content Carpet and Underlayment • Use Finger-Jointed Trim 46 Compact flourescent light bulbs

Formaldehyde-free materials

Upgraded insulation

FSC Certified trim

Low/No VOC paint

Non-toxic household cleaners

Flow re d u c e r

E N E R G Y S TA R® d i s h w a s h e r

Recycled content tile

Built-in recycling center

47 Notes

48