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Hydrometric Register and Statistics1996-2000 CENTRE for ECOLOGY and HYDROLOGY • BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WALLINGFORD Á HYDROLOGICAL DATA UNITED KINGDOM

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Hydrometric Register and Statistics1996-2000 CENTRE for ECOLOGY and HYDROLOGY • BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WALLINGFORD Á HYDROLOGICAL DATA UNITED KINGDOM ill viol° [WATERSIDE.. 11101 iI Worees, Hydrometric Register and Statistics1996-2000 CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY • BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WALLINGFORD á HYDROLOGICAL DATA UNITED KINGDOM HYDROMETRIC REGISTER AND STATISTICS 1996-woo 2003 Natural Environment Research Council Published by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, -Wallingford, Ox-on OXIO 8BB ISBN 1 903741 068 Editors: Terry J. Marsh and Martin L. Lees The acquisition, archiving and validation of the bulk of the hydrological data featured in this publication was undertaken as part of the National River Flow Archive project at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford. Martin Lees is the project manager and liaison with the measuring authorities (see page 201) is undertaken by a team of regional representatives. In addition to the editors, this team currently includes: Matt Holmes, Jim Hudson, Jamie Hannaford and Felicity Sanderson. Over the period covered by the publication other important contributions have been made by Henry Gunston, Karen Croker, Samantha Green, Jackie Carr, and Patricia Sheffield. Rebecca White, Renata Moraes and Cedric Laize were responsible for the production of the gauging station maps and Ned Hewitt provided valuable proof-reading assistance. Jamie Hannaford supervised the editing and updating of data on the National River Flow Archive — a major undertaking. The style and contents of the Hydromeiric Register and Statistics 1996-2000 volume, and the scope of the data retrieval service which complements it, reflect over 20 years of archive system development supervised, latterly, by Oliver Swain. The British Geological Survey is responsible for the acquisition, appraisal and archiving of the featured hydrogeological information. Andrew McKenzie is the National Groundwater Level Archive manager and Rosemary Fry is responsible for data archiving and the associated liaison with the measuring authorities; Rose Hargreaves and Melinda Lewis provide technkal guidance. Some of the features displayed in the maps contained in this report are based on the Ordnance Survey BaseData GB and 1:50 000 digital data (Licence no. GD03012G/01/97) and are included with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (C) Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution. Printed in the United Kingdom by Alden Group Ltd, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 OEF The materials used in the production of this volume are made from the pulp of softwood trees in managed Scandinavian forests in which every tree cut down is replaced by at least one more, finis replacing the Earth's resources. HYDROLOGICAL DATA UNITED KINGDOM HYDROMETRIC REGISTER AND STATISTICS 1996-2000 A catalogue of river flow gauging stations and observation boreholes together with summary hydrometric statistics Centre for Hydrology and Ecology British Geological Survey Wallingford Cover Photographs The photographs have been selected to illustrate the dramatic change in hydrological conditions over the 1996-2000 period. The exceptionally hot and dry summer of 1995 and the following very dry winter established widespread drought conditions, which in some parts of southern Britain extended well into 1997. Thereafter, a sequence of wet seasons generated a prolonged recovery in river flows and aquifer recharge rates. This recovery culminated in the remarkably extensive and persistent flooding which began in October 2000 and, in some areas, continued through the spring of 2001. Details of the individual photographs are given below: Top left: River Pang at Bucklebury Ford. Although the river is not perennial at this site, the absence of Row across Bucklebury Ford is an indicator of significantly low groundwater levels. This shot from the bridge at the ford, shows the river bed still moist from the groundwater recession in May 1997. Photo: Martin Lees Top right: River Findhorn at Forres, Highland Region, 12 km east of Nairn. This gauging station is notable for ,recording one of the highest gauged flMv in the UK; however, this picture shows the Findho-rn in more tranquil mood on 22/05/1998. It was the start of a sequence of low flows from May to September; accumulated runoff over this period was the second lowest on record in a series from 1958. Photo: Patricia Sheffield Middle lefr: River Avon at Evesham. This famous picture, at the junction of Port Street and Waterside immediately by the bridge over the-Av`onin the centre-of Eveshim, illustrate-sgraphically the severe character of the flood of 9/04/1998. The flood was notable from Northampton, along the Warwickshire Avon through -to Wales and south down the Cherwell. It prompted a significant review of flood warning and alleviation measures throughout England and Wales. Photo: Courtesyof the EvesharnJournal (http://www.journalffieuk.corn/contact.html) Middle right: River Ouse at York. York is known to be susceptible to flOoding whenever the whole of the Ouse catchment contributes high ffinoff. the protracted rainfall through the autumn and early winter of 2000 was no exception and the river recorded its highest level at"the Viking Hotel in York in a series from 1885. Photo: Courtesyof the RidingsArea of the North East Regionof the Environment Agency Bottom left: River Culm at Stoke Canon, looking south towards Exeter, about 10kni distant. This was the morning of 8112/2000. The Culm normally flows in two channels at this point, but they are barely discernible given the widespread floodplain inundation. The road crossing in the middle ground is the A396 and the main SW railway link is to the top right. Photo: Marc Hill, courtesyof Apex News and Pictures (http://www.apex-photos.co.uk) PottOm right: Watery Lane, Skirmett, Oxfordshire in December 2000. This is an aptly named road for this example of clear water flooding (resulting from aquifer discharge from unusually high groundwater levels). Many areas of the Chalk aquifer in southern Britain were affected by this phenomenon. Unlike fluvial flooding, some such flows were maintained for Months on end. Photo: Ter°, Marsh HYDROMETRIC REGISTER AND STATISTICS 1996— 2000 FOREWORD Hydrometric data provide the foundation for both the science of hydrology and for water management generally. Skilful management and manipulation of hydrometric data underpins the development of improved engineering design procedures and more effective strategies to reconcile the often competing water demands of man and the aquatic environment. Drought and flood episodes during the period reviewed in this publication have underlined our continuing vulnerability to extreme weather conditions. In many areas the range of recorded river flows and groundwater levels were extended over the five years beginning with 1996. Hydrometric data assume an increased importance in circumstances where hydrological change is underway or anticipated. Their strategic value will be well demonstrated as, through time, they contribute to reducing the current uncertainty regarding the impact of global warming on hydrological conditions across the UK. River flows and groundwater levels in the United Kingdom reflect more than just the intensity and distribution of rainfall and the magnitude of evaporation losses. Geology and land use influence river runoff and aquifer recharge patterns, and the natural variations of each are often substantially disturbed by the complex and evolving pattern of water utilisation. Careful stewardship is therefore required to maximise the utility of the substantial volume of nationally archived hydrometric data. The primary objectives of the Hydrometric Register and Statistics 1996-2000 publication are to document recent water resource variations, to set them in a historical context and to serve as a primal); reference source for a rapidly expanding community of data users. Information is structured and presented to allow the selection of appropriate datasets for particular projects, and to assist in the interpretation of analyses based on the basic river flow and groundwater level data. This report has been assembled with the active cooperation of measuring authorities — principally the environment agencies — across the UK. It stands as a testament to the expertise and commitment of hydrometric field and office personnel in maintaining the continuity and integrity of the featured river flow and groundwater level data. The work of the National River Flow and Groundwater Level Archives is overseen by a steering committee that includes representatives of Government departments, the environment agencies and the water industry from England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their support for, and contribution to, this publication is gratefully acknowledged. Professor J. S. Wallace Director, CEH Wallingford e», ,t st• 3 4 10 g it 10 ., r NA .„,---<N r s Net, T ND it --Aititi*A / it, _di X 'it— t di 1-isi Xtx ' -t. tit._ 9 Letters designating 100krA squares tity S R r--- i SO IF,--"- , in the National Grid c,,,,,c_37!.--,,„ c t-_,,, i '!. \ ,-,DmoyrIl _ ,, Regional boundaries of the ErAtironment NE ,QS l - JO r- , Agency and the Scottish Environment i, ,.. 1 3,,,,,, ProteCtion Actency • Head Offices 8 r - . • Regional Offices Headquarters of the Rivers Agency NL NN SERA EAST NO Noles: The Environment Agencies began operations in AO/ 1955 SEPA regional divis,ons applied until April 2001 only trk eit l? Stirling 5 7 7 Edinburgh NS °East NT NU Kilbride IS IC SERA WEST NW NY OV NORTHERN IRELAND EA Belfast NORTH IH IJ WEST EA NORTH EAST SC D SE TA IM °Leeds IN 7 Wartgton 4 SJ SK TG IR IS EA
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