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80 CLERKENWELL ROAD London EC1M London Borough of Islington Historic environment assessment February 2014 © Museum of London Archaeology 2014 Museum of London Archaeology Mortimer Wheeler House 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED tel 020 7410 2200 | fax 020 410 2201 www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk general enquiries: [email protected] 80 Clerkenwell Road London EC1M An historic environment assessment NGR 531745 182125 Sign-off history: Issue Date: Prepared by: Checked by Approved by: Reason for Issue: No. 1 14.02.2014 Coralie Acheson Jon Chandler Laura O’Gorman First issue Jonathan Lead Consultant Contract Manager Hutchings (Archaeology) Judit Peresztegi (Graphics) Y code: P0198 Museum of London Archaeology Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED tel 0207 410 2200 fax 0207 410 2201 email:[email protected] Museum of London Archaeology is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales with company registration number 07751831 and charity registration number 1143574. Registered office: Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED Historic environment assessment MOLA 2014 Contents Executive summary 1 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Origin and scope of the report 2 1.2 Designated heritage assets 2 1.3 Aims and objectives 3 2 Methodology and sources consulted 4 3 Site location, topography and geology 6 3.1 Site location 6 3.2 Topography 6 3.3 Geology 6 4 Archaeological and historical background 8 4.1 Overview of past investigations 8 4.2 Chronological summary 8 5 Statement of significance 13 5.1 Introduction 13 5.2 Factors affecting archaeological survival 13 5.3 Archaeological potential and significance 13 6 Impact of proposals 15 6.1 Proposals 15 6.2 Implications 15 7 Conclusion and recommendations 16 8 Gazetteer of known historic environment assets 16 9 Planning framework 23 9.1 Statutory protection 23 9.2 National Planning Policy Framework 23 9.3 Greater London regional policy 25 9.4 Local planning policy 26 10 Determining significance 26 11 Non-archaeological constraints 30 12 Glossary 31 13 Bibliography 33 13.1 Published and documentary sources 33 13.2 Other Sources 33 13.3 Cartographic sources 33 i P:\ISLI\1248\na\Assessments\80 Clerkenwell Road HEA_14-02-2014.docx Historic environment assessment MOLA 2014 13.4 Available site survey information checklist 34 Figures Cover: View of the site, looking north-west (MOLA, 03.02.2014) Fig 1 Site location Fig 2 Historic environment features map Fig 3 Location of the site within the Inner Precinct of the medieval Priory of St John of Jerusalem Fig 4 Plan showing a reconstruction of the likely subsoil topography of the study area based on archaeological investigations (Sloane and Malcolm 2004, 19) Fig 5 Priory precinct conjectured layout in the mid 12th century (Sloane and Malcolm 2004, 41) Fig 6 Priory precinct conjectured layout in the late 12th to late 13th centuries (Sloane and Malcolm 2004, 62) Fig 7 Priory precinct conjectured layout in the 14th and 15th centuries (Sloane and Malcolm 2004, 89) Fig 8 Priory precinct conjectured layout in the late 15th and 16th centuries (Sloane and Malcolm 2004, 131) Fig 9 The Agas map of c1562 Fig 10 Faithorne and Newcourt's map of 1658 Fig 11 Ogilby and Morgan's map of 1676 Fig 12 Rocque's map of 1746 Fig 13 Horwood's map of 1799 (revised 1813) Fig 14 Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25":mile map of 1877–78 Fig 15 Ordnance Survey 2nd edition 25":mile map of 1896 Fig 16 View of Albermarle way, looking east. The street is at a slightly lower level than the surrounding buildings (MOLA, 03.02.2014) Fig 17 Gatehouse, formerly the entrance into the Inner Precinct of the Priory (MOLA, 03.02.2014) Fig 18 View of the site, looking south-west (MOLA, 03.02.2014) Fig 19 Pavement lights on Clerkenwell Road on the southern side of the site (MOLA, 03.02.2014) Fig 20 View of one of the 'square' vaults with pavement lights in the northern part of the basement (MOLA, 03.02.2014) Fig 21 View of the basement, looking south. One of the 'rounded' vaults can be seen on the southern side of the room (MOLA, 03.02.2014) Fig 22 Existing ground floor plan with areas of proposed demolition highlighted (BenAdamsArchitects, dwg no. P100/a, 14.02.2014) Fig 23 Existing basement plan with areas of proposed demolition highlighted (BenAdamsArchitects, dwg no. P099/A, 14.02.2014) Fig 24 North-south section through the site as existing with areas of proposed demolition highlighted (BenAdamsArchitects, dwg no. P131/A, 14.02.2014) ii P:\ISLI\1248\na\Assessments\80 Clerkenwell Road HEA_14-02-2014.docx Historic environment assessment MOLA 2014 Fig 25 Proposed ground floor plan (BenAdamsArchtiects, dwg no. P200/A, 14.02.2014) Fig 26 Proposed basement plan (BenAdamsArchitects, dwg no. P199/A, 14.02.2014) Fig 27 North-south section through the site as proposed (BenAdamsArchitects, dwg no. P501/A, 14.02.2014) Fig 28 Plan of the assumed area of underpinning (Fluid Structures, 11.02.2014) Note: site outlines may appear differently on some figures owing to distortions in historic maps. North is approximate on early maps. iii P:\ISLI\1248\na\Assessments\80 Clerkenwell Road HEA_14-02-2014.docx Historic environment assessment MOLA 2014 Executive summary Croudace Properties has commissioned Museum of London Archaeology to carry out a historic environment assessment in advance of proposed development at 80 Clerkenwell Road, in the London Borough of Islington. The scheme comprises the refurbishment and extension of the existing mid-20th century building, including a rooftop extension, and a new rear (north) façade extending the upper floors outwards in line with the lower floors. This would be accompanied by underpinning and drainage works below the existing foundation slab, currently known to comprise underpinning in the northern part of the site, but the full extent of which are not yet known. This desk-based study assesses the impact on buried heritage assets (archaeological remains). Although above ground heritage assets (historic structures) are not discussed in detail, they have been noted where they assist in the archaeological interpretation of the site. The construction of the existing basement, which occupies the entire site footprint, will have heavily truncated any archaeological remains on the site, although there is the possibility that some fragmentary archaeological remains survive below the basement slab, between deeper foundations. These may include: • Medieval burials, such as those found c 30m north-west at 2 Albermarle Way, which would be remains of high heritage significance; • Medieval remains associated with the Priory of the Order of St John. Although the site was located in the inner precinct it was located away from the principal buildings and possibly within an open area used as a garden. Garden soils would be of low significance. Structural remains of ancillary buildings, if present, would be of medium to high significance; • Post-medieval remains such as wells, cess pits or foundations relating to the Pewter Platter Inn and later buildings on the site. Such remains would be of low significance. Archaeological investigations in the area have found no in situ prehistoric remains, suggesting that evidence of early activity in the area has been removed by later development. The site lay in an area outside of the centres of settlement in the Roman and early medieval (Saxon) periods, although it is close to the line of a Roman road. The proposed development involves no change in the basement floor level and possible archaeological impacts would be confined to the proposed underpinning of the existing foundations and new drainage. Underpinning of the existing foundations in the north of the site will be required. The extent of any further underpinning and below slab drainage is not currently known. Although the full extent of the below slab works required has yet to be determined, works are most likely to be localised. Any surviving archaeological remains within the site would be removed locally and their significance reduced to low or negligible. Further clarification on the extent of below ground works/underpinning and services would be required, however impacts are most likely to be localised. Given that the site has some potential for archaeological survival, albeit fragmentary, it is recommended that an Archaeological Watching Brief be carried out during all ground reduction/excavation. This would ensure that all archaeological remains are recorded prior to their removal. Such work would need to be undertaken in accordance with an approved Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) and could be carried out under the terms of a standard planning condition. A Burial Licence from the Ministry of Justice would be required prior to the removal and re-internment of any human remains, if present, and this would need to be considered in advance to avoid delays in the construction programme. 1 P:\ISLI\1248\na\Assessments\80 Clerkenwell Road HEA_14-02-2014.docx Historic environment assessment MOLA 2014 1 Introduction 1.1 Origin and scope of the report 1.1.1 Croudace Properties has commissioned Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA) to carry out a historic environment assessment in advance of proposed development at 80 Clerkenwell Road, London, EC1M (National Grid Reference 531745 182125: Fig 1). The scheme comprises the refurbishment and extension of the existing mid- 20th century building, including a rooftop extension, and a new rear (north) façade extending the upper floors outwards in line with the lower floors. This would be accompanied by underpinning and drainage works below the existing foundation slab, currently known to comprise underpinning in the northern part of the site, but the full extent of which are not yet known.
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