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Format Acrobat Le Sénat sur Internet : http://www.senat.fr L'Espace Librairie du Sénat 20, rue de Vaugirard - 75006 Paris Tél. : 01 42 34 21 21 LA DÉCENTRALISATION FRANÇAISE VUE D'EUROPE LA FRANCE ET LA CHARTE EUROPÉENNE DE L'AUTONOMIE LOCALE COLLOQUE ORGANISÉ SOUS LE HAUT PATRONAGE DE M. CHRISTIAN PONCELET, PRÉSIDENT DU SÉNAT ET DU CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE Paris, Palais du Luxembourg 26 juin 2001 SOMMAIRE OUVERTURE 7 • M. Lucien NEUWIRTH, Sénateur, ancien Questeur de l'Assemblée nationale et du Sénat, membre de la délégation française à l'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe 7 • M. Llibert CUA TRECASAS, Président du Congrès des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux du Conseil de l'Europe (CPLRE) 11 PREMIÈRE SÉANCE 17 LA CHARTE EUROPÉENNE DE L'AUTONOMIE LOCALE - INSTRUMENT DU DÉVELOPPEMENT DE LA DÉMOCRATIE LOCALE DANS LA GRANDE EUROPE 17 • M, Louis LE PENSEC, Sénateur, Président de l'Association française du Conseil des communes et régions d'Europe 17 • M. Alain DELCAMP, Président du Groupe d'experts indépendants sur la Charte européenne de l'autonomie locale auprès de la Commission institutionnelle du CPLRE 19 • M. Jean-Claude FRECON, Vice-Président de l'Association des maires de France, Vice-Président de la Commission institutionnelle du Congrès des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux de l'Europe 33 TABLE RONDE N° 1 39 LE RÔLE DE LA CHARTE EUROPÉENNE DE L'AUTONOMIE LOCALE EN TANT QU'INSTRUMENT JURIDIQUE EUROPÉEN DE RÉFÉRENCE POUR LA STABILITÉ DÉMOCRATIQUE ET LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA DÉMOCRATIE LOCALE DANS LES PAYS DE L'EUROPE CENTRALE ET ORIENTALE 39 • M. Alain CHENARD, ancien Président du Congrès des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux de l'Europe 39 • M. Jozef MIGAS, Président du Conseil national de la République Slovaque 41 • M. Jerzy REGULSKI, ancien Ministre de l'Autonomie locale en Pologne, Président de la Fondation pour le soutien de la démocratie locale 43 • M. Imre VEREBELYI, ancien Ministre de l'Autonomie locale de la Hongrie, Vice-Président de l'Institut international des Sciences administratives de Bruxelles 45 • M. Adrian MORUZI, ancien maire de Brasov, Secrétaire général de la Fédération des municipalités de Roumanie 47 - 4 - TABLE RONDE N° 2 51 LA MISE EN ŒUVRE DE LA CHARTE EUROPÉENNE DE L'AUTONOMIE LOCALE DANS LES DÉMOCRATIES D'EUROPE DE L'OUEST 51 • M. Claude CASA GRANDE, Président de la délégation française du CPLRE 51 • M. Christopher NEWBURY, membre de la Commission institutionnelle du CPLRE, conseiller du District de West Wiltshire 53 • M. Heinrich HOFFSCHULTE, Oberskreisdirektor honoraire, premier vice- président du Conseil des communes et régions d'Europe 55 • M. Antonio REBORDAO MONTALVO, Président du Centre d'études pour le développement régional et local 59 DEUXIÈME SÉANCE 61 LE PROCESSUS DE DÉCENTRALISATION EN FRANCE 61 • Dr Herwig VAN STAA, Président de la Chambre des pouvoirs locaux du CPLRE, Maire d'Innsbruck 61 • M. Daniel VAILLANT, Ministre de l'Intérieur 63 TABLE RONDE N° 3 71 RÉFLEXIONS RÉCENTES SUR LA DÉCENTRALISATION EN FRANCE 71 • M. Paul GIROD, Vice-Président du Sénat 71 PRÉSENTATION DU RAPPORT DE SUIVI SUR LA DÉMOCRATIE LOCALE ET RÉGIONALE EN FRANCE 73 • M. Jean-Claude VAN C'A UWENBERGHE, Président de la Commission institutionnelle du CPLRE, Ministre Président de la Région Wallonne 73 • M. Pierre MAUROY, Sénateur, ancien Premier ministre, Président de la Commission pour l'avenir de la décentralisation (rapport intitulé : « Refonder l'action publique locale ») 79 • M. Michel MERCIER, Sénateur, Rapporteur de lu Mission Sénatoriale commune d'information chargée de dresser le bilan de la décentralisation (rapport intitulé : « Pour une République territoriale ») 83 QUESTIONS ET DÉBATS 89 LA FRANCE PEUT-ELLE RATIFIER LA CHARTE EUROPÉENNE DE L'AUTONOMIE LOCALE ? 85 • M. Pierre FAUCHON, Sénateur, Vice-Président de la Délégation du Sénat pour l'Union européenne 86 • M. Alain MENEMENIS, Maître des requêtes au Conseil d'Etat 87 • M. Jean-Bernard AUBY, Professeur à l'Université de Paris II, Président de l'Association de droit des collectivités locales 90 • M. Jean-Paul DELEVOYE, Sénateur, Président de l'Association des maires de France, Président de la Mission Sénatoriale commune d'information chargée de dresser le bilan de la décentralisation (rapport intitulé : « Pour une République territoriale ») 93 - 5 - • M. Jean-Pierre RAFFARIN, Sénateur, Président de l'Association des régions de France 95 • M, Jean FRANÇOIS-PONCET, Sénateur, Président du conseil général du Lot- et- Garonne 97 CONCLUSIONS ET DISCOURS DE CLÔTURE 99 • M. Christian PONCELET, Président du Sénat 99 ANNEXES 103 • CHARTE EUROPÉENNE DE L'AUTONOMIE LOCALE 103 • Etat des signatures et ratifications 109 -6- - 7 - OUVERTURE M. Lucien NEUWIRTH, Sénateur, ancien Questeur de l'Assemblée nationale et du Sénat, membre de la délégation française à l'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe C'est un très grand honneur pour moi de vous accueillir aujourd'hui au nom du Président du Sénat, qui s'adressera à vous en fin d'après-midi. Je dois exprimer les regrets sincères de notre collègue Daniel Hoeffel, retenu pour des raisons administratives, et ceux de Bruno Haller, secrétaire général de l'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe. C'est avec beaucoup de plaisir et d'intérêt que je représenterai aujourd'hui notre Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe. Un message personnel d'abord à Monsieur le Président Cuatrecasas, que je suis très heureux de saluer. Le fait de me trouver à côté de lui me rappelle les souvenirs qui ont marqué ma jeunesse, la guerre, et un certain refus de l'asservissement de mon pays, qui m'ont conduit à traverser l'Espagne dans des conditions rocambolesques, pour rejoindre les Forces de liberté en Angleterre. J'évoque ce souvenir pour montrer qu'aujourd'hui la construction européenne est avant tout une garantie pour la paix et pour éviter de nouvelles guerres fratricides ; les guerres entre Européens sont des guerres civiles. Beaucoup de Catalans se sont illustrés dans des combats pour la liberté. Le deuxième symbole de cette réunion est le rassemblement de délégations de tous les pays d'Europe, qu'ils soient d'Europe occidentale ou d'Europe centrale et orientale. En quelque sorte, si je puis dire, c'est une réunion de la famille européenne, et c'est à l'honneur du Sénat que vous ayez choisi le Palais du Luxembourg pour la tenir. J'ajoute que le fait que vous représentiez les collectivités territoriales d'Europe donne une saveur particulière à cette rencontre, puisque le Sénat français, comme vous le savez, conformément à la Constitution, représente les collectivités territoriales de la République. Il attache donc une importance toute particulière aux questions de l'autonomie locale et régionale, et il est par nature un défenseur de la décentralisation. Le Sénat de la République française constitue d'ailleurs un modèle unique en Europe. En effet, assemblée parlementaire à part entière, le Sénat français a vu sa mission de représentant des collectivités locales de la République réaffirmée de façon solennelle par le Conseil constitutionnel dans sa décision du 6 juillet 2000. Emanation des collectivités locales, le Sénat est le défenseur naturel et privilégié des pouvoirs locaux, grâce au mode d'élection des Sénateurs. - 8 - C'est ainsi que le collège électoral des Sénateurs dont l'effectif total s'élève à environ 140 000 grands électeurs, est composé pour près de 96 % de délégués des communes, ces « cellules de base de la démocratie ». Grand conseil des communes de France, le Sénat a été renforcé par la décentralisation dans son rôle de défenseur des collectivités locales et territoriales. Le Sénat s'est ainsi érigé en protecteur de l'autonomie locale tant dans ses activités de législateur que dans sa mission de contrôleur. Il s'est progressivement doté, pour l'examen des textes relatifs aux collectivités locales, d'un corps de doctrine qui transcende très largement les clivages politiques. Dans cette dernière mission de contrôleur, le Sénat tend à devenir le gardien vigilant de la décentralisation qu'il considère comme une réforme bénéfique et un facteur d'efficacité de l'action publique, dans la mesure où elle libère les initiatives et les énergies locales, et contribue à l'essor de la démocratie de proximité. Sans doute faudrait-il aller encore plus loin, et créer au sein du Sénat, et nous y pensons, un observatoire permanent de la décentralisation qui pourrait établir chaque année un rapport sur l'état de la décentralisation et de l'aménagement du territoire. Du reste, au cours des trois années qui viennent de s'écouler, son président, Christian Poncelet, a donné un lustre particulier à cette vocation à travers ses très nombreux contacts sur le terrain et les réflexions qu'il a su développer, et notamment dans le cadre des états généraux de la décentralisation. Ces états généraux, comme le Président Poncelet lui-même devrait vous l'indiquer cet après-midi, ont en particulier mis l'accent sur la nécessité de renforcer la protection constitutionnelle des collectivités locales, notamment en matière d'autonomie fiscale, et de capacité réglementaire : deux conditions essentielles de l'autonomie, deux décisions qui figurent au cœur des dispositions de la Charte européenne de l'autonomie locale dont nous célébrons aujourd'hui l'efficacité, et pratiquement le quinzième anniversaire. Le troisième symbole sur lequel je voudrais insister est que cette réunion est l'occasion d'une rencontre entre un membre de l'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe et des membres du Congrès des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux de ce même conseil. Je me dois d'abord d'excuser l'absence de la Présidente de notre délégation, Madame Josette Durrieu, retenue par la session d'été du Conseil de l'Assemblée plénière, qui commence ce matin même à Strasbourg. Je vous transmets également les vœux de succès pour cette journée, au nom de l'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe.
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