"2 5 CENTS CANADA'S NEWSPAPER FOB UKRAINIAN STUDENTS

WHAT THEN IN STORE FOR OTHER ? GINZBURG 8, SHCHARANSKY13! On July 13 two Soviet dis- Since then, however, he has vous. They have historical reasons sidents, Anatoly Shcharansky and become perhaps the most famous because they know that the , were sentenc- cause celebre due to the nineteenth century dissidents sow- ed to thirteen and eight years, seriousness of the charge — es- ed the seeds of revolution — they respectively, of imprisonment. This pionage — he is charged with, his may fear that under the present is the third time that Ginzburg has links with the Jewish community, system history could repeat itself. been sentenced as a result of his and the close contacts he had with They have ideological reasons human rights activities, but the first Western correspondents. because the system rests on the time for Shcharansky. Shcharansky, a computer claim that the party is the sole The trials of Anatoly specialist, is a "refuznik" — one of source of truth. They have Shcharansky and Alexander Ginz- those Jews refused an emigration economic reasons because burg opened on July 10 despite visa to Israel. His activities prospects for the next decade are numerous protests from around the date from 1973, when his visa not good. They have political world. Although foreign reporters application was turned down. He reasons because they are ap- and officials have been barred from made no secret of his activities, proaching a difficult change of the courtroom, word of the saying that he was doing nothing leadership at the time when the proceedings is coming from several illegal. He joined 's main lines of home and foreign relatives and friends. However, Helsinki group as a representative policy are almost certainly being almost all friends of the accused of the Jewish community, but his questioned in some parts of the have been barred from the trials, main function was as a liaison with apparatus. and close relatives are allowed in the western press. The Soviet authorities have only sporadically and have been Shcharansky faced ;. it- also been concerned about the ejected from the courtroom several death penalty on a charge of spying combined effects of the Helsinki times. for the U.S. He is accused of Final Act and the revived American Alexander Ginzburg has been a passing military secrets to Los interest in human rights. The dissident almost half his life and has Angeles Times reporter Robert Helsinki monitoring groups repre- twice served terms in labour camps Toth, who has denied the allega- sent just that link between internal Alexander Ginzburg for his activities. His name was tion. President Carter also has and external detente which they already appearing regularly in exiled Russian novelist Alexander Accords. stated that Shcharansky never had have always struggled to deny. hand-produced journals ties with the C.I.A., since this is They must regard it as very impor- Solzhenitsyn for the relief of Anatoly Shcharansky is. at 30, any as far as 1960, five years before * against tant to break that link and back political prisoners and their the youngest of the three Moscow- one of the charges brought A. Sakha rov began to gain fame as a families. His final role, for which he based Helsinki Group him. demonstrate for home and foreign dissident. In 1974 Ginzburg took on Soviet audiences that, whatever the was arrested on March 3. 1977, was dissidents on trial this summer. At Through Russian and an activity which is figuring usually Helsinki may say, as a founder member of the group in the time of his arrest seventeen history, repression has document prominently in the charges brought regime has felt detente does not mean liberaliza- Moscow attempting to monitor months ago he he was far less tightened when the against him. He was the main nervous. present leaders have a tion at home. Soviet compliance with the human known both in the and The administrator of a fund set up by the being ner- rights provisions of the Helsinki abroad than Yuri Orlov or Ginzburg. number of reasons for HARASSMENT OF OPPOSITIONISTS CONTINUES SCARED SOVIETS SEARCHING The latest issue of the samizdat Lev Lukianenko was arrested in The arrest of Lukianenko included among those regimes human rights bulletin, the Chroni- Chernihiv on December 12, 1977; provoked angry protests from the which are condemned by the entire Helsinki cle of Current Events (No. 48). is however, the case against him had Ukrainian and Moscow democratic community," devoted largely to news about the begun to be prepared in February Monitoring Groups, and also from On the day of Lukianenko's repression of oppositionists in 1977, when was Oksana Meshko, a member of the arrest the quarters of the following Ukraine. The Chronicle includes arrested. Ukrainian Group. and were searched: his brother, his new information about the cir- On the day of his arrest sent in letters of protest parents, his sister. P. Vins, I. Kan- cumstances surrounding the trial of Lukianenko's quarters were from exile, while nine political dyba, O. Berdnyk, V. Lev Lukianenko, the jurist who thoroughly searched,, the search prisoners in concentration camp Kalynychenko, and R. Rudenko. became an active member ot the lasting from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. no. 36 prepared protest statements During these searches various Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring All papers and correspondence, and sent them to the Supreme books, documents and other Group when he was freed in including personal letters and post- Soviet's and Procurator's Offices of materials were confiscated, es- January 1976 after fifteen years of cards, were confiscated. the U.S.S.R. and Ukr.S.S.R. pecially from those active in the imprisonment in prisons and camps Lukianenko and his wife were In his statement the imprisoned Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring in the R.S.F.S.R. subjected to a body search. Ukrainian poet wrote: Group. Numerous other friends of "I have no expectations that my Lukianenko were detained and 4 statement will influence the fate of questioned after his arrest, and Lev Lukianenko, who has now been several former political prisoners imprisoned for a second time, but were Interrogated with regard to the my conscience does not allow me to Lukianenko case. IN arrests are still the quarters THIS ISSUE remain silent when A search through a former continuing. I have no doubts that of Oksana Meshko. Kostash on Plyushch pp. 6-7 this time, as before. Lukianenko political prisoner and mother of was fighting for only one thing: that political prisoner O. Serhiyenko. Soviet Workers Organize p. 3 the Soviet authorities observe the lasted for 20 hours; from 7:45 a.m. a.m. February 10. I, wife, many others, are February 9 till 3:40 Ukrainian Students in England p. 4 law. my and the victims of groundless illegal The search was carried out by nine into her room. Ukrainian Historical Conference p. 5 persecution, of arbitrary courttrials, officials who broke letters of cruel punishment ... Various personal were con-

Ukrainian-Canadian Artists p. 8 It seems to me that it is now fiscated. On February 14 Oksana Meshko was questioned for four China visited p. 10 time to come to our senses and stop the persecution of Ukrainian hours. Afterwards she refused to News from the USSR & E. Europe p 5 patriots-dissidents. Presenting this sign the protocol of the interroga- protest against the arrest of L. tion and the warning to her based hope during the Lukianenko. I would like to on the materials found that the head of the Presidium of the search, stating that this was con- Supreme Soviet of the Ukr. S.S.R. trary to Article 19 of the General Rights and AND MORE! will realize his responsibilities Declaration of Human Helsinki Ac- before the natipn and will ensure Lev Lukianenko the Final Act of the tl .at Soviet Ukraine will not be cords. SUSK STUDEIMT ^VETWDI/IIVT"» ^ 4wto: 25th ANNIVERSARY . STUDENT 11MM1SL Edmonton, Atjerta CONGRESS STUDENT eaOeaaL tillsgiel Ukraleba Caaadlaa ^>4mU, ej U» Ukntaha CuWIu Staateats' Uaiee I8U8KI. August 24-27, 1978 STUDENT a 1 Ukraiaaja Cuaalae aa n>ba teefce -atrial, caHaral. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg eaa rtc alaaaraegleaa.

Tka aahlaai aaa laiacUl aipraaaaa la STUDENT reaneaat taa aenkafar eteatfen la wMek la. UbaMaa Ca aaJen ataaaat The Congress will include speakers in the areas of human rights UtraUsa Cernaha HaaH. kate wkata tka - and multiculturalism, a special look at the role of Ukrainian aiaaitTaa^wtlalaCiiiil iiaaeMr. Olla l iai a^ai n-iaiaaUrHaal <%aaa artldaa an aat taaaa el tka Ukrahba Caaadaa students in the community, a 25th Anniversary banquet and MaaaaU' Umm al tka STUDENT eestasU aaanL zabava, and business sessions.

Registration will be only $20.00 STUDENT STAFF

EOfTOMtt-CHIEF —I For more information, write or call: ASSISTANT EDITORS - Hryn, Ywfy Seebetsfcy

STAFF 8 ISSUE SUSK National Office 11246-91 Street Jars Balan Dmytro Jacula Yaroslaw Bodnaruk Ivan Jaworsky Myroslaw Bodnaruk Daria Luciw Edmonton, Alberta T5B 4A2 Bohdan Chomlak Olenka Lupul Vera Dumyn Andriy Makuch (403) 479-0935 Irka Zorjan Hrom'Jak Scharabun Toad Mykhallo llynlak or, 19th SUSK Congress Committee c/o Box 51, U.M.S.U. LETTERS TO University of Manitoba THE EDITOR Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 uncertain terms that you are a prodigiousness like a pig in a bog. sciousness' and to lose them to the person can have but I personally "fucking goof" because you speak In my opinion this type ol community forever (despite his know of at least a dozen students in only pidgin Ukrainian and think that person is one of the most destruc- AND TO WHAT utterings about the necessity to the Edmonton area who refuse to a dialectic is someone with a tive elements which can exist in our combat assimilation). This type get involved because of this type of pancreatic ailment — in short, community. Instead of attracting END? feeds his own ego by 'proving' that imbecile. Who knows how many because 1 you are an 'inferior Ukrai- people and channeling them into he is a better Ukrainian than others more there are? I appeal to all who nian type who just can't ever constructive work for the "Ukrai- Please allow me to bring to your merely by belittling and degrading tall into this category: fear not, it is measure up to his standards (name- nian cause" this type's major ac- attention a problem that exists the accomplishments of others. not you who is a "fucking goof" but ly himself). Meanwhile he does complishment is to irrevocably among Ukrainian student clubs in And to what end? he who called you so. nothing to rectify the situation but alienate students with fervent the prairies which many current It is impossible to estimate what A peasant continues to simply wallow in his glimmers of Ukrainian 'con- members of these clubs may not be kind of a negative impact such a Edmonton

aware ot. While I am speaking from my experience of only one center

(Edmonton) I am sure that a similar problem, to a greater or lesser degree, exists in others. In my opinion, a major problem Student is something like in Ukrainian student circles is the alienation of students hailing from small rural settlements by the city- what Ivan and I had in mind!.

bred "intelligentsia" types. I speak here not necessarily of the club executive (which in Edmonton in recent years has contained several 'country' students) or leadership, but of members who simply refuse to break out of their narrow-minded SUBSCRIBE! cliques and soil their hands by —II associating with us "cornpickers." you a paid member ol any Ukrainian Students' Club (SUSK) in Canada, than

While it is understandable that you ailll be receiving STUDENT regr. jrty. people raised together in the same —It you are not a member, miss several this organization will tend to associate then you stand to issues ot STUDENT with each other, it is positively year. regressive that at a time when one is supposedly broadening one's DON'T BE DISAPPOINTED! horizons that one retreats ex- ACT NOW! SUBSCRIBE! clusively into the warm familiar SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE ONLY S3D0 PER YEAR. MONTHLY PUBLICATION. ' security of one's childhood com- panionship. If you feel you are on a Please send superior Ukrainian cultural level me STUDENT. than us 'peasants' are, then please Enclosed Is J3.00 (cheque or money order). give us the benefit of your enlightenment. But you won't do Foreign rates—U .00 In Canadian tun da. this by simple snobbery. Sand to: While some people alienate others simply because they know STUDENT no better, there usually exists at least one person who thinks he is 11246-91 Street God's gift to the in Edmonton, Alberta Canada and without whom the community would be on its last legs. CANADA TSB4A2 This type usually speaks eloquent Ukrainian (in his opinion), is well POSTAL CODE versed in the politics of the Soviet Union (or the political jargon thereof) and tell ««««««««««» can you in no »- Page 2: STUDENT, July, 1978 '

THE ASSOCIATION FREE OF TRADE UNION OF WORKERS IN THE USSR SOVIET WORKERS DEMAND RIGHTS Early this year documents reached the West revealing the strike, free speech) that workers existence of a group of Soviet have in capitalist states. Total workers who have, for the first time, political passivity of the Soviet collectively asserted their right as population was the necessary pre- workers. Although "workers' op- condition tor bureaucratic rule. position to Stalinism is as old as Whereas in capitalist countries the Stalinism itself," this is the first time ideology of the ruling class per- that such a collective attempt by forms the important function of Soviet workers has become widely social control, in the Soviet Union known in the West. It is also the first the bureaucracy does not have an successful attempt, since the 1 920s, ideology of its own. For this reason, to organize a trade union indepen- the Soviet bureaucracy is incapable dent of state control. of explaining to the West the On January 26, 1978, workers existence of workers' dissent, and In the Soviet Union established an therefore denies workers' groups independent- trade union calling such as the AFTUW not only itself the Association of Free Trade recognition but all democratic Union of Workers in the USSR rights. (AFTUW),' and appealed to the Every demand for the International Labor Organization democratic right to speak, to (ILO) and trade unions in the West organize independently, to strike tor moral and financial support. The and to form political parties poses a documents show that the group of challenge to the bureaucratic rule workers had been collectively ac- of the Soviet elite. This is why some tive in defending workers' rights Klebanov (left) defense and another member of the AFTUW at a press conference committees in the west since at least May 1975. Since its (Toronto and Edmonton Com- trade unions in the inception, West for sup- and organizer of members of the group the group. movements are to be forged in mittee in Defense of Soviet Political port. The signatories of the Appeal Klebanov have been victimized by official had worked for sixteen opposition to the party Prisoners — CDSPP) base their stated: and state repression, years as a foreman in including the frequent the Donetsk apparatuses, the two groups will defense work on the principle of "We 'ask you to publicly re-affirm region of Ukraine, use of psychiatric abuse. and had have to come out in open support ol defending all democratic rights in your position on the undeniable attempted The group first came together to create an independent each other's protests on a broad Eastern Europe and the Soviet Un- right of workers to organize in trade trade union through "accidental meetings' of in 1960. He was dis- basis. Similar developments have ion. unions independently of their unemployed workers who had missed from his job in 1968 for already occurred in The East employers, including come East German workers' in the coun- refusing to come to Moscow to press their assign overtime to his European countries, notably in revolt in 1953, the Hungarian and tries whrch claim to be socialist and men and complaints in person at the highest to send them to jobs with Poland (last February, a group of Polish events of 1956, and the where the state is effectively the unsafe offices of the party and state ap- standards. Klebanov was workers in the Polish mining centre recent Polish events out of which sole employer." confined paratuses. The earliest known to a maximum security of Katowice formed acommittee for emerged the first organized and Appended to the documents document of the group was dated special psychiatric hospital from the purpose of the creation of free publicly acknowledged opposition was the 'statute' of the new union 1968 May 1977 and was signed by eight to 1973 for protesting his loss trade unions). in a bureaucratic state — all have and a list of 110 'candidates' for of work. workers. Subsequently, a similar After his release, he was The Association of Free Trade increasingly challenged the ex- membership in the union. The unable to "Open Letter'' appeared in obtain work because it Unions of Workers in the USSR istence of the bureaucratic state union's charter states that was in September 1977 and was signed by noted his personal labour represents one of the first apparatuses. Similarly, the basis for "membership in the free trade union book that thirty-three workers. In November he had been "dismissed in successful collective actions by forging links amongst all strata of association is open to any worker or connection 1977, thirty-three workers signed a with an arrest." Soviet workers in an organized East European society has been the employee whose rights and "Collective Complaint" which was in- Klebanov was confined to a psy- form. To understand the demand for universal democratic terests have been unlawfully chiatric hospital twice in 1977 and significance of this rights. addressed to the Soviet authorities violated group, one must by administrative, again in February 1978. take and the Western press. The He remains, grasp the context out of which it SUSK must the issue of the state- 1 governmental, party or juridical to this ment day, imprisoned in a psy- arose. Soviet society today is workers' rights movement ipto demanded that the Soviet agencies. the The organizational struc- chiatric hospital authorities create a commission to in Donetsk. product of two historical labour and student organizations ture of the Association is based on The investigate the treatment of com- response ol the Soviet developments — the Revolution of on a principled democratic basis, the principle of democratic cen- plainants by the Administrative authorities to the emergence of the J9I7 which established which seeks support fordemocratic tralism." socialist Organs Department of the Central independent trade union has been property relations, and. secondly, rights in Eastern Europe from only The list indicates the occupation one of Committee of the CPSU. By the intensified repression of the the phenomenon of Stalinism dur- those who have a clear record of and/or work skill of each person; 45 time of first workers involved. Externally, Soviet ing the 1920s and defending democratic rights in the the group's conference are '30s. The con- designated as "workers," 250 authorities are with foreign press correspondents, forced to deny the solidation of the latter resulted in the West. The most effective defense of are "employees," 6 miners, 10 existence in December 1977, the group of the union. political expropriation of the political prisoners is one that can- engineers, 1 lawyer. 4 pensioners, 4 represented thirty-eight workers. Relations between the workers' Soviet working class, which was not be discredited because of its collective farm workers, 5 teachers, rights By late January movement and the broader atomized and pacified by the Soviet political ambiguity. The strategy of 1978, the group's doctors 4 and nurses, 2" housewives human rights the spokesperson, Vladimir Klebanov, movement in the bureaucratic elite. For over fifty Toronto and Edmonton and 1 work invalid. 52 of the 100 claimed that the group had some USSR have not yet been clearly years, Soviet authorities have tried CDSPPs has been to seek its base of candidates are women, the average two hundred established. Klebanov has appealed to present to the West the view support in the labour movement. adherents. that t age of these workers is between 35 to Sakharov for assistance, but the workers in the social The importance of this kind of On February 1 , 1978, the union USSR enjoy and 45, and all have worked for issued several documents which latter initially doubted the workers' and political rights and control over strategy is made all the more vital in more than 10 years. The document understanding of the conse- their far view of the emergence of in- made it known that it work superior to those of was to be states that they are all unemployed quences of open dissent. Klebanov, dependently organized workers' called the Association of Free Trade workers in the capitalist West due to their criticisms of manage- on the other hand, referring to some However, the reality is that the rights groups in Eastern Europe and Union of Workers in the USSR, and ment. human rights activists, said Soviet the Soviet Union, such as the AF- appealed, to the International that working class lacks even the Vladimir Klebanov, 44, has "they consider themselves minimal TUW. Labour Organization (ILO) and above .degree of democratic acted as the principal spokesperson us." II links between the two rights (e.g.. the right to organize, EVERYTHING YOU'VE ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT UKRAINIAN-CANADIANS (BUT WERE AFRAID TO ASK)

How much do we know about on "Social Development Projects in discussion by the research team major problems facing the from various Ukrainian youth Ukrainians in Canada? What are the the Ukrainian-Canadian Communi- which prepared the compendium, Ukrainian-Canadian community, groups, and speakers from the problems facing the community ty: An Assessment." and speakers during the above which will be followed by presen- conference held prior to the and what has been done to tackle The conference on September sessions include W. Isajiw (Toron- tations and a discussion on the workshop. Materials dealing with 15-16 them? What are the prospects for will provide an inter- to). L. Driedger (Manitoba), J. and various projects which Ukrainian some of the above topics will be the future? disciplinary forum for inter- O. Wolowyna (Western Ontario). M. student and youth groups have distributed prior to the SUSK An- Those interested in learning pretations and discussion of the and R. Petryshyn (Alberta). O. undertaken in the communi- nual Congress in Winnipeg. August more about the Ukrainian com- statistical information contained in Kuplowska (Ontario Educational ty including community field- 24-27, and will be discussed at that in Canada should Statistical Communications munity try to Compendium on the Authority), I. worker projects, summer camp time. Students are invited to attend, attend a conference entitled "Social Ukrainians in Canada, 1891-1976" Myhul (Bishop's), R. March (Mc- projects, and media projects. The participate in, and contribute to the Trends Among Ukrainian (mimeograph, 1977). prepared bya Master), and J. Kralt (Statistics workshop will end by evaluating workshop. For more information Canadians." September 15-16, research team in Ottawa under the Canada). The banquet speakeris C. which projects have been most about the conlerence. contact the 1978, at the University of Ottawa. direction of Drs. W. Darcovich and Keely. of the Centre for Policy effective in the past, by looking at Canadian Institute of Ukrainian This conference is the second in a P. Yuzyk. The conference includes Studies. The Population Council. the prospects for successful social Studies, 335 Athabasca Hall, the series of conferences dealing with sessions on the following topics: New York. development projects within the University of Alberta. Edmonton. Ukrainian Canadians organized by ethnicity and its statistical inter- The workshop on September Ukrainian-Canadian community, Alberta, T6G 2E8. For more infor- the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian pretation; economic status and 17 will deal with the concrete and by putting forward some mation about the workshop, con- Studies. SUSK, which is co- urbanization; social characteristics implications and ramifications of strategies for the future tact the SUSK National Office. sponsoring the above conference, of Ukrainian Canadians; assimila- the presentations at the above Participants in the workshop 11246-91 St.. Edmonton, Alberta, is also organizing a special tion and identity; history and conference. The workshop will will include present and former T6B 4A2. workshop to be held September 17 politics. There will be a panel begin with a presentation on the student activists, representatives

STUDENT, July, 1978: Page 3 :

, - -- ., - , - , -- , . - . -- , - . 1970 , , - . p., - , - .- - ' , - , , 1978 . . , ? - 1971 . . , - - , -- , - , - , :. - < - . - () 1947-. . - ' - , ,- , - - - - , , , 1950 . , -- ,, , - . , - .() - . ., ,,- (). - ( , - , - , - " (),") " (- - - , - (-- ) -/ ) - . . -), - .1971 . - '. - - ' ()(). - -- , 1948-65, , - . . . , - ,". "-- 1965-66 . , unci - , '- ; - . - , , - .- - -. . 1966 . ,- , - , , - , (). - . - .- - , - - , .-- - -; - - ,- , - - ' - 1967 p., - - , . — - . - , ,. - . . - , - , - ? , - - - 1968-69, . - . .- - , -- , , , , - , - 1970 . - :— ( . - -- . , , . - - 1975 p., - . - - . , , - - " - -- 1970 , , . ., . - () — ! , , . ( ); , , ,- , , - — For - .1978 . those interested in the opinions of Ukrainian students "", in -- / 5- ' Europe, — - . - - , , .100 - SUBSCRIBE , , -', ' "". '- to ) (-(- - , d - ), . VITRAGE , - 1973- - - 700 - , . — - - English/Ukrainian journal of young Ukrainians , in Great Britain - . , 265 - . - Ha, Anson Road , - 285 "". London NW2 , - , 90 .- ' - England - 1974 . - "", -- , /-- ' . - /. ,. '. - ,- APPRENDRE OU A LAISSER 1975 p., , , , ,, , French/Ukrainian newspaper of Ukrainian - . students in , . - c/o 118, rue du Moulin des Pres , 75013 - - - : - , , France . ; - d - , ,- - , - ,. , V Page 4: STUDENT, July, 1978 , '

BRIEFS ON THE USSR & EASTERN EUROPE FROU INFORMATIONBULLETIN! VOL. NO) 7^PUBLISHED BY THE COMMITTEE IN DEFENSE OF SOVIET POLITICAL PRISONERS (EDMONTON)

REPRESSION The committee, composed of BAHRO Vins and Strokata note that representatives of Venezuela, INCREASED since October 1977 repressions SENTENCED Austria and , was asked to SLEPAK EXILED agains the Evangelical Christian- On the first of July, it was Repression in Czechoslovakia look into accusations that , a member of Baptists have increased sharply. reported that Rudolf Bahro had seems to have increased since signatories of the charter had been the Moscow Helsinki Monitoring Searches have been conducted in been sentenced to eight years President Brezhnev of the Soviet dismissed from their jobs simply Group and a prominent figure in the all parts of the Soviet Union, and imprisonment by an East German Union visited Prague at the end of because of having signed and that Jewish emigration movement was numerous bibles and other court. Bahro is the leading East May according to information this action violated an ILO conven- sentenced June 21 to five years religious materials have oppositionist been con- German who recently reaching London from supporters tion on the freedom of association, internal exile. He and his wife. fiscated. They list over twenty published The Alternative: A Criti- of the Charter 77 movement. which has been ratified by Mariya. were arrested June 1 and believers who were arrested or que of Real, Existing Socialism. In The secret service now seems Czechoslovakia. charged with "malicious sentenced in November-December this book Bahro presents a Marxist to have been given the green light to In its report, the committee hooliganism" after having hung a 1977 and mention several others critique of socialism as it exists step up interrogations, house concluded that the allegations, banner saying "Let us out to our son under threat of arrest. today. His main theme is that the searches and short-term deten- which were made by the Inter- in Israel," from the window of their party and state apparatuses tions. Interrogators have been national PODRABINEK Confederation of Free Moscow apartment. Mariya's trial dominating East European and heard to say that pressure will Trade Unions (ICFTU), had'been was postponed since she is present- TO BE TRIED Soviet society have become deep- increase between now and August, well It also said documented. that ly hospitalized with a bleeding ul- The case against Alexander rooted obstacles to the further the tenth anniversary of the Soviet the replies made by the cer. Podrabinek, a leading Soviet cam- qualitative development of intervention to topple the Dubcek Czechoslovakian Government were Slepak, a 50-year-old engineer, paigner against the political abuse socialism. The publication of his regime- in . general and evasive applied for an exit visa in 1970. His of psychiatry, is being prepared book in West Germany led to his of people without offering Hundreds were any evidence to application was turned down and with unprecedented speed. arrest last August 24 on charges of detained during Mr. Brezhnev's counter the allegations. since then Slepak has lost several Arrested on May 14, he is expected espionage. Since then, despite visit. Most were soon released but The committee proposed that jobs and has been harrassed to stand trial in the very near future. international protest, he was held, not all. the allegations, the documentary repeatedly by the KGB. Although According to reports, Podrabinek incommunicado, until his trial last The official spokespersons of evidence, a' id the Czechoslovak one son has been allowed to has been charged under Article month. In England the Rudolf Bahro Charter 77 no longer enjoy relative replies should all be published. This emigrate the other is presently in 190-1 of the criminal code with Defense Committee has planned a immunity from harassment. Mr. is what the governing body will be hiding in the USSR refusing to be circulating — in his book Punitive number of active protests, and an Ladislav Hajdanek and Mr. Jaroslav discussing in Noveber, after it has drafted into the military. If he serves Medicine — "deliberately false "Open Letter to Honecker," is being Sabata are frequently interrogated heard adefencefrom Czechoslovak in the army he won't be able to fabrications defaming the Soviet jirculated in the labour movement. and Mr. Hejdanek has been representatives. emigrate for a number of years due system." An international com- Further information can be ob- to physically assaulted. According Complaints have also been to "access to state secrets." mittee made up of psychiatrists and tained from Bahro Defence Com- Kubisova, previously reports, Marta made to the ILO over the non- Slepak became a prominent doctors is being formed to defend mittee c/o Minnerup, 14 Folkestone a singer, recognition leading pop was detained by the Soviet activist in the movement for freer Podrabinek and his brother Kirill. Road, Copnor, Portsmouth, Hants. during Mr. Brezhnev's visit and Ihe authorities of the unofficial free emigration policies. In May 1976 he recently jailed lor two and a half The 'Open Letter' is available from Swedish press reported on June 12 trade unions. The ICFTU plans to joined the Moscow Helsinki years on fabricated charges. Bahro Defence c/o Socialist that she has been arrested again as make a complaint against Poland Monitoring Group. At present there Challenge, PO Box 50, London N1 a result of a recording session with for not recognizing unofficial trade have been trials resulting in CRIMEAN TATAR England. the Swedish record company Oc- unions there. sentences ranging from one to MARTYRED tober. This information has not UKRAINIAN- fifteen years. A Crimean Tatar doused been verified from Czechoslovakia, No witnesses were allowed to GENOCIDE IN himself with gasoline, set it alight although it is known that she is ARMENIAN testify for the defense at Slepak's and then charged policemen who under surveillance. SOVIET CAMPS trial, while police used fire hoses to called at his home on June 23. Musa SOLIDARITY A group of political prisoners in disperse his supporters gathered Mahmud, 46 years old and the A member of the National Soviet labor camp No. 385-6 have outside the courtroom. father of six children, died in United Party of Armenia has stated ILO CRITICIZES accused the camp administration of IN DEFENSE OF hospital live days after the incident. that Armenian patriots identify deliberately setting criminals in the Virtually the entire Tatar pop- strongly with the camps against political prisoners. ulation of the Crimea was plight of Ukrainian A report that is sharply critical BAPTISTS deported political prisoners, and that they will of the Czechoslovak Government Guards often collaborate openly to Central Asia in 1944 after being mark January 12 as a day of for its treatment of signatories of with criminals in the camps and Two members of the Ukrainian accused of wartime, collaboration solidarity with Ukrainian political Charter 77, the human rights allow them to offend, degrade, and Helsinki Monitoring Group, Nina with the Germans. Although they prisoners. declaration, has been made by a beat up political prisoners. Strokata and Petro Vins, wrote an were exonerated in 1967, they have In response, Ukrainian political special three-man committee set up In a petition to the Presidium of appeal in defence of the Evangelical not been allowed to return to their

prisoner MykolaBuduliak-Sharygin by the International Labour . the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R., Christians-Baptists in February ot homeland. has stated his solidarity With the Organization. the political prisoners state that the this year which has only recently (More BRIEFS ON members of the National United The report was discussed at a camp authorities are practising a reached the west. Shortly after Party of Armenia, and has protested recent meeting of the ILO's gover- form of genocide in allowing helping to prepare the appeal, Vins USSR continued on the persecution of members of this ning body and will be discussed criminals to openly persecute was sentenced to a one year prison page 10) political grouping. further in November, political prisoners. term on charges of "parasitism." UKRAINIAN HISTORY: Ivan Khlivchanyn UKRAINIAN HISTORICAL CONFERENCE LAUGHING MATTER NO limited periods, diplomatic history In 1897, Ivan Franko confessed in the session on the Role of the City is almost irrelevant. At the London to a mortal sin: he didn't like in Ukrainian History. conference, diplomatic themes did Ukrainians. Nor did he like Ukraine The conference, then, was a emerge at the session on Ukraine itself and its entire history. He catalogue of failure and missed and the Muslim World, but Ihe two professed that he was too much in opportunity. Are we to blame this on contributors, and love with justice, brotherhood and the organizers of the conference: Lubomyr Hajda, had to concentrate freedom to be fond of the history of the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian most of their attention on what Ukraine. "No," he wrote, "it's very Studies, the Harvard Ukrainian Ukrainians thought of Turks and difficult to like this history, because Research Institute and the Ukrai- Tatars (and vice-versa). Surely the at every turn you feel like weeping nian Historical Association? Did realms of human consciousness are over it." they deliberately pick such sorrow- more exciting than the implications And truly, judging by the ful topics? Or are we to blame the of the Treaty of San Stefano. papers presented at the Ukrainian Ukrainian historical process itself It used to be that history was Historical Conference (London, that its prominent theme, its inner considered the doings of kings and Ontario, May 29-31. 1978), there is continuity, is precisely its discon- princes. In this outmoded view, weep over. something to I tend to blame the fcjf tinuity? would Ukraine did not even have a history! In one of the early sessions, on latter and agree with Franko that '* And. indeed, to this day there is no the Historical Legacy of Kievan Ukrainian history is something to room in serious Ukrainian historical Rus', Myroslav Labunka explained over. weep writing for royal "society pages." At how Galicia-Volhynia was the Ukrainian Again and again the the conference, dynastic thernes successor of the Kievan State and risen — to form a people have did make an appearance in the could have (were it not for the century, civilization in the eleventh session on Kiev's legacy, but only in Hungarian and Polish occupations) to a bloody vengeance in the wreak the context of the wider problem of formed the basis for an ongoing establish a republic seventeenth, to medieval state continuity. state tradition. As fascinating and time it has in the twentieth; and each The problem of continuity in erudite was, there was degradation as the paper fallen once again to the Ukrainian history was, indeed, Ihe with a no mistaking that it dealt of bonded serfdom. underlying theme giving a historical might-have-been, Sorrowful, yes. But interesting, cohesiveness to the conference. failure. Then Omeljan Pritsak dis- too. The problem was illuminated not cussed the loss of continuity in the Let that that us not forget only in the sessions already men- Kievan tradition following Ihe disparager of Ukraine's history, tioned, but also In the provocative (more Mongol invasion and Franko, held back his tears long banquet remarks of the linguist the devastating in his opinion) enough to write excellent Ukrainian and in a round Lithuanian occupation. history: the cultural history of table discussion on periodization. next In the session, on Ukrai- Kievan Rus' and early modern The choice of this theme es- nian Elites, and Zenon Ukraine, the socio-political history tablished the intellectual validity of Kohut examined how the of his native Galicia. True: Ukrai- the conference, because the con- produced Ukrainians two sets of nian history made him sad; DUt il copt of continuity and discontinuity both of which were subse- nobility, alsb fascinated him. in national history is important. The quently assimilated completely to Curiously, the intellectual continuity/discontinuity problem and Polish their Russian counter- fascination of Ukrainian history poses a challenging question about once parts, thereby more aborting derives from the same tragedy that the very essence of history: in what continuous the chances for a state makes this history sorrowful: its does the nature of the historical and cultural tradition. The failure of abortiveness. continuum consist? Ukrainian dealt with in the next Ukrainian historian 1917-20 was A good has history is fertile terrain for research and the Rus- to headlong session, on Ukraine little choice but jump into this question, and for this sian Revolution, and elaborated unexplored crevices of the into reason it has much to offer the study Steven Guthier, Except for very upon, especially by historical process. of history as a whole.

STUDENT, July, 1978: Page 5 , h '

THE DISSIDENT AND THE DIASPORA PLYUSHCH, PASSING journalist residing in Edmonton and is Kostash is a frae-/ance democratic state are Myrna o, the bourgeois bestsetler AH of Baba's Ch.ldren a mto the author ol me Canadian precisely in a position within that written mm a Her latest article is on pornography, those Ukrainians in Canada. TMIollowmg state to publicize the voices of will soon appear in This Magazine. lem,n, s tperspeclive,and rendered speechless within other ol s North written in the tall ol 1977 in the wake that the progeny erTide was apPsarehce m regimes. This too: relates her impressions ol Plyushch* AmeriZnZur. It of electronic media, their con- with the Ukrainian-Canadian youth ol Edmonton and his relationship sciousness framed by television today. and the movies, are here the caretakers of the printed word, the well! He caught ment, personal contacts with the That was it, to mean page, the moveable type, not to Crimeans, the Jewish movement, a glimpse of that extraordinary mention of the cramped that strange, the Moscow human-rights groups, faculty in man, handwriting on onionskin, whole decen- have samvydav." (He dips altruistic, rare and obstinate and we research and polemics and holds volumes of will make writers or again into the briefcase cy which rolled into tiny cylinders that fit into truths at up two typed pages of onion-skin scientists maintain their dress. "The vanished receives the seam of a Eppur si muove, paper.) "A person who the risk of death. miserable as a fly," wrote the five more man, say; it moves all the such a document types up Galileo was to poet , dead in a copies and passes them along, same. concentration camp in 1972. T-H. White hidden in their clothing, their "moves still between the lines of a shoes." Why Is there such repres- on book." in September, sion? "The system is founded In Edmonton, all the radical politicians, and political For is a press conference lies. On terror 1977, there though, for all the febrile tremors of monopoly." {Here he pulls out a with Leonid Plyushch, Soviet Ukrai- nonconformism and protestation the basement of copy of the Soviet constitution.) nian dissident, in radiating out from Plyushch's visit, Catholic "The new constitution that is being St. Joseph's Roman nevertheless the faint odour there is ' There are a half dozen of us, planned will be worse than Stalin's. I church. of the fifties here, of the Cold War and wouldn't be surprised it there are under Christ in Gethsemane McCarthyism and — lest we of the and on the wall, and clauses in it 'taking care' two popes forget — Social Credit. Now, as Soviet suit, dissidents. The contradictions Plyushch. in a baggy numbers of people, are at- of the then, Brother. man from halfway around the world i., wh shirt and with a leather between the demands A collarless taching themselves to a campaign economy and its management, Canadians ...? Just this he will say: "We are all fro briefcase. of anti-Sovietism, generated by the this press between the masses and the elite, Not for nothing is over civil rights, been lost Russians between and during the question, centre are international furor kids of the seventies have and the public meeting are growing and at their wife was conference, or the lack of them, within the Soviet self-absorption and domesticity. World Wars — and notice Plyushch technologists. A state which is to that evening, being held on the the beating out the In the Union which is climaxing precisely Here they are in Edmonton, rallying singing with them, ground of an built on disinformation cannot ethnically neutral period of severe dis- Ukrainian rhythm on his knee. His left leg is was treat' and engineers need during a around a neo-Marxist. a "anglo" church. Here Plyushch can work: scientists in insulin, locations — the catastrophe of the democrat, a freedom-fighter, a stiff and unbendable. I'm told, represent Ukrainianness in information. The danger is that the seem to tightening noose says that this is the result tranquilli; those unemployed, the witness. "Everybody," hushed tones, general, dissidence in general. For technocratic fascists — who psychosi — of foreign ownership of the Plyushch, "must take upon himself of the drug "therapy" in the prison among the Ukrainian-Canadians in are interested only in efficiency wr economy, the desperate projects in loads he can carry." The one hospital. In fact it's the result of which, will merge with the fascist those Edmonton there are those who in psychotic the pursuit of energy, the will to carries is prodigious. tuberculosis contracted not represent nationalists, the Great Russian he would say he does in person's separate of the Quebecois — within comes to Edmonton as a childhood and I detect here them. Heaven forbid. Those on the chauvinists." What do you think of He Canada. and Edmonton the beginnings of a cult. body but Party Peter Lougheed's recent representative of the Soviet bid left, for instance, the premier pn Onstage an Anglican minister human-rights groups. He drinks a prodigious amount, and down, is an anti- trade mission to the Soviet Union Ukrainian faithful, will say Plyushch the inertia of draws the parallel between Their optimistic strategy in turning tonight he is drunk. The young Soviet madman and his ideas and his retusal to speak out on the of civil liberties and the people hover around him, taking is a ve imprisoned dissidents? repression the documents, the "pieces of therefore deranged. It is correct to question of dangeroL martyring of Christ. A man from of care of him. He is precious, a hero opportunism of the paper," of the , ignore his arrival among us. Those "This was depressic says that the Nations Declaration of snatched from the jaws of madness. right, the ultra-nationalistic, Munich type. Convenience, not the United on the is a Ivanovych blood s struggle for human rights of Man, into weapons for In 1967, Leonid anti-communist emigres, will say he principle, dictated the premier's the Rights "journey made only by brave men Plyushch was a young cyberneti- confusioi decision." their own struggle against the it is for all of of Sciences of vulsions, and women and made Soviet leviathan is a rather touching cian at the Academy the Alberta Federa- man, a career As to v us." The head of reminder that one may still hold the USSR, a married must not enviable "appropr tion of Labour says we those representatives of the people, man, by all accounts, an the freedoms we do Never mind "madmar take for granted the politicians, accountable to their future ahead of him. such Visited of the W own in this country. Around signatures. He describes the inter- that in 1 964 he had been by notions the righteous several letters tion, con self-satisfied relatedness of tyranny. Communist KGB in response to of the Canadian public to Central hesitated indignation China aids Chile and Brezhnev aids he had written the mobilized; have we not been of the Communist Party votes th may be Iran; the dissident Bukovsky is Committee before? Have we he censurin through this movie turned over to the West in (among others) in which had not then turned as a pack on the American-made hand-cuffs and pointed out certain discrepancies political our ring disputatious scapegoats among Plyushch himself was tortured with between Leninist texts and contem- side challenge our them ar own countrymen who Belgian and French-made drugs. porary Soviet reality. The KGB lie chiatrist self-satisfaction? Must we really When Castro visited Kiev, he says, cou..selled him to keep his silence in the same bed with types like university students were put into for a couple of years and Plyushch testified of Com- hospitals Norman Pidhoretz, editor Ukrainian costumes and professors put his sentence to. as it turned out, perfectly diligently others a mentary, who, in such were told to speak Ukrainian: for subversive --use: he rights, anti- no diagr liberal projects as gay Castro's benefit, presto! flourishing studied the classics of Marxism- disarmament, chiatrist war resistance and national cultures! Otherwise, one is Leninism. It was here he learned, for "failure of the anti- schizoph perceives the told in Ukraine to speak "human." instance, that Stalinist campaigns Communist will" and in Carter's obliterate national cultures were ment nc i.e. Russian. A member of the to campaign the reversal Revolution. but betv human rights audience asks: Do you believe in a perversion of the "inexorable decline of diagnosi of the Communism with a human face? "I Publicly he remained a good American power"? Deja vu. citizen mathemati- stilt stai call myself a pessimistic optimist. and industrious As the meeting progresses, he wrote a psychiat Being in the West makes my Marx-, cian. In 1968, however, it increasingly theWesl however, becomes ism even stronger." Several people letter to Komsomolska Pravda that we have in Plyushch ty to obvious clap, congratulating him on the protesting the trials of Russian and his campaign anti-Soviet agita- job. nature mordancy of his perception. He lists dissientsand was fired from his tion of an original colour: not the book- madnesi the problems of humankind: pollu- In 1969, now working as a repudiation of the Bolshevik the If th tion, crime, loss of spirituality, stitcher, he joined Moscow- for its comple- Revolution but a call dehumanizing technology. "All of based Initiative Group (for the up from a tion in democratic socialism and the rights in the of a hos humanity is at the abyss." For him defense ot human self-determination of nations. And, — "I am the primary struggle in these times USSR), signed his name to a letter to judge from the panelists' Nations speech is between totalitarianism and addressed to the United "... connections he wrote a letter to Komsomolska.Pravda protesting the remarks, we have the democracy. Once a democratic and was again fired from his job. in Plyushc to be made between this and our for village trials of Russian dissidents and was fired from his job." socialism is established in the 1972 he was arrested by the KGB situations. speak of a are own They totalitarian world, then, at last, at "anti-Soviet agitation and who to "set our house in of us, is a KGB agent sent abroad to commitment long, laborious last, the titanic propaganda" and was imprisoned. that ordinari confound the campaigns of Ukrai- "ALL OF HUMANITY IS AT order," of the fact Canadian struggle between socialism and In 1973, diagnosed as a victim of officers have received in- people nian llberationists. Besides, he's a THE ABYSS" police capitalism will be engaged. " from an of torture a gets Marxist He must be boycotted. It is struction in the use from early age, "he became patient'at the he then the task of ail the otherstrands Following the press conference American advisors, ol the bugging Dnipropetrovsk Special Mental mugs of Ukrainian radicalism to welcome there is a meeting for the English- ot union headquarters during THE MADMAN' IS A HERO Hospital. In 1976 Plyushch and his under Plyushch. speaking public and it is packed strikes, of the fact that "authority in family, after a prolonged campaign remindi next after The press conference, then. with members of the Ukrainian this country has never flinched from The night, a for his release both within the Soviet brother Ukrainian-language What kinds of crllicisn get people community, at least those who are using force to sustain its authority, meeting, there Union and in the West on the Left, into trouble In the USSR? "An not boycotting Plyushch. and with as October, 1 970, showed." A is a party for Plyushch. The twenty- were expelled from the Soviet UKR£ is a year olds are there, in their em- amateur youth choir in Kiev was NDPers, anarchists and socialists, Plyushch rally, it seems, less Union. In September, 1977, he came UKRl forcibly disbanded because they with concerned liberals and even a witch-hunt than a point of broidered shirts and Free Valentyn to Edmonton on a speaking tour. made up theSr own programmes, handful ol blacks. The young are resistance to the violence and Moroz buttons and the black (lag of Plyushch is a small man, frail Brc because they sang old folk songsas out in droves, especially the young injustice within the home and native anarchism buttons. They seem within the baggy suit, with a lined around well as political songs, because, in Ukrainians. (They were not out ten land. pleased with tonight's meeting and face, rheumy eyes and blackened socialis short, they were 'bourgeois years ago, for the teach-ins, the sit- One notes, for instance, the enjoy a few laughs at the expense of teeth: where has he been? He marinal nationalists.' Crimean Tartars, ins. They were in the student numbers of young people (in their the older generation of Ukrainian- speaks in a rich, deep voice and what X amassed at a Lenin monument and residence, playing bridge.) Across twenties). Ukrainian-Canadians, Canadians who had asked: Do you gently, tenderly even, as though the Ukrair to politely demanding the right to the stage a banner: FREE ALL who have attached themselves believe in God. Mr. Plyushch? Who air around him were fragile. A year passinc return to their homeland, were SOVIET POLITICAL PRISONERS Plyushch. My generation, not at- means more to you, Karl Marx or and a half earlier this body had been childret payments, has dispersed. Baptists are illegal." The literature tables are covered tached to house Ivan Mazeppa (Ukrainian shot with drugs, flailed with con- dinners a political over to a (Here Plyushch dips into his brief- with an astonishing number and perhaps passed on nationalist hero)? I wander vulsions, the eyes rolled upwards this, he critical con- Ukrai- case and withdraws a fuzzy variety of books by dissidents, legacy after all, a group singing songs about and the tongue hanging out, his the san

of a con- I photograph of a Baptist murdered published outside the Soviet Union, sciousness that knows how to nian partisans — part whole being maddened with 1 wherever they tradition in by the police.) "A labour strike is a of course. Young Trotskyists exploit the materials, tinuous revolutinary chemicals that were, in spite of his acolyte criminal offence." How do you anarchists, assorted radicals, stand become available, of provocation, Ukraine; these are songs of the resolution, rendering him careless called know all these things? "We have the behind the books. The irony of the protest and civil disobedience. It is insurgent armies of national libera- and insouciant, involuntarily "comm underground democratic move- juxtaposition: the youthful critics of not necessarily true then, that the tion who fought bnth Germans and deprived of his will to resist, to to talk

Page 6: STUDENT, July, 1978 by Myrna Kostash THROUGH PRAIRIE demonstrations. Speeches. Always By 1977, in their twenties, at the unreal? "We are the youth of the put it there were speeches, "in university, they seem to have seventies." it was explained to me. everything," says one man. "there all together. "Super-critical Marx- "By the time of our political coming- in- was total orientation towards the ists/anarchists/socialists, of-age we looked all about us and violence, liberation of Ukraine. It began with heritors of a revolutionary saw nothing but ambivalence and liberation, that, it ended with that." In one of a passion for national passivity. Ukraine was where the home, the father was a member of of the outsider's alternative vision, action was." Ah, yes, the sixties, the League for Liberation of proud bearers of a cultural legacy been and gone, by the time they'd Ukraine and had come from a they can evoke to enrich their heard of Plyushch. village which manned a whole concerns and commitments, they So when they meet him they division of anti-Soviet partisans. In stand between their parents, the recognize the continuity they have another home, the father armed the refugees, and me, the Canadian, as with him, through their parents after fifteen year old son with rocks in his a third way of being Ukrainian- all and not through the mortgaged pockets to throw at Kosygin when Canadian. Neither one nor the Canadians. The parents had been he visited Canada in 1971. In yet other. Some may feel more Cana- there all along while we have come another, the mother wept whenever dian than others — in any case they from and gone, unrecognizable, she had to speak English and her feel not-exactly-Ukrainian — while into quiescence. In Plyushch they son now fears for his own' con- others worry that by speaking identify the political ally: the con- sciousness whenever he fails to English as much as they do they will cern about the degeneration of the express himself in Ukrainian. be anglicized beyond the recall of revolution, the gaps in Marxism, the They went to church bazaars the liberation struggle. Some hada wrestling with ethics and morality, and concerts in the parish hall, sang period of adolescent rebellion when the humanizing of inter-personal the Ukrainian national anthem and they went out drinking with the boys relations. Freedom as self- saluted the blue-and-yellow Ukrai- and said to hell with the League for consciousness and vision as the nian flag-in-exile, danced in Ukrai- the Liberation of Ukraine but they nian costumes and, at home, feel now they've re-entered the marched around the living room to community on their own terms. the sounds coming off the Some are more tolerant than others phonograph: Mario Lanza and of the Ukrainian culture evolved by with these Ukrainian- world ... what has he to do They four generations in the prairies. But " Ukrainian insurgents' songs. are all from the same village." grew up on stories about relatives they all distinguish themselves from "clean-cut" imprisoned in Siberia, hanged by my generation, we. the question, to challenge, even as his movement. Ukrainian history and Russians, Ukrainian-Canadians, conformist was forced to watch. multici/lturalism. They call the Germans, shot by the wife of Sunday school, un- in the starved to death in Stalin's enforced graduates In the mental hospital Plyushch themselves, "Ukrainians action critical digesters of garlic sausage with neuroleptics and diaspora," an image that evokes famine in Ukraine, killed in was treated the of the Jaycees, restlessness. while serving in the Ukrainian and values insulin. Neuroleptics are major almost insupportable it's all we've Insurgent Army. At the very least, sentimentalizers of — tranquillizers, drugs to treat a major They could be any emigre group of the got — baoa and the country wed- (thought-disorder) anywhere except for this: they were they learned the equation Ukrainian ding. Like their parents before non- born in Canada. They are in their Ukrainian church and the which, when administered to a them, they confront their increase that twenties. They define their legacy language with nationalist con- psychotic, tends to Canadianized neighbours and find {One's as "Ukrainian socialist democracy," sciousness. At the extreme, they person's fee! of agitation. "As someone who was distinguished understood they must dedicate us lacking. body but not one's mind is slowed so that they may be however problematic raised in a paramilitary at- producing the despair of the from all those Ukrainian-Canadians their lives, I down, mosphere," says one, "I feel stifled is "bourgeois that might be to fulfill in Canada, to inertia of the flesh.) Insulin therapy whose legacy l by all the interminable discussions or anti-communist the liberation of Ukraine from the is a very old, outmoded and democracy" I Union. The atmosphere was about how to reach out to the dangerous form of treatment for nationalism or Eastern Orthodoxy Soviet and unconscious members of the com- lowering of or "self-reliance." Or, for that profoundly anti-Communist depression; the sudden with it." anglicizing forces of munity. I just want to gel on blood sugar produces anxiety, matter, whose legacy is North wary of the Canadian society. "The notion of confusion, restlessness, con- American socialism and populism. social Mother Ukraine back across the THE SAME VILLAGE vulsions, coma and memory loss. They talk about developing FROM for ocean, yearning to be free, was As to whether all of this was services in Edmonton — A GLOBE APART be sufficient to keep us "appropriate" treatment for the Ukrainians, food co-ops, drop-in supposed to rooms, unwittingly Ukrainian." Enter Plyushch. He is impor- "madman" Plyushch, the members centres, reading , generation And so it was, for many years. because of his of the World Psychiatric Associa- repeating the efforts of a tant, they say, in the west, the "Without my early socialization in Marxist critique of tion, convening in Honolulu in 1977, that preceded them politics, a the Ukrainian community, I'd capitalism. For this hesitated to say. By a mere two nationalist consciousness-raisers totalitarian state small towns probably be in pre-Law now. or a is unpopular both among votes they passed a resolution who worked in the reason he clubs and Jaycee." But inevitably they learned Communists everywhere censuring Soviet psychiatry lor its building Ukrainian drama "official" Ukrainian reading societies, before English and entered into (the News from Ukraine, published s political abuses. A timid vote con- cancelled relationship with Canadian society. claims that "Soviet society sidering Plyushch had addressed the forces of assimilation in Kiev, They read books — Marcuse, 'dissidents,' they "He is precious, a hero Soviet psy- them out. It is not with such people does not produce 3 them and dissident Marx feel continuous, but with Fromm. Bakunin. Goldman, are the product of bourgeois snatched from the jaws of e chiatrist Marina Voikhanskaya they Ukrainian partisans, hiding out in and Lenin — having encountered propaganda") and among the anti- h testified that some doctors in prison madness." in their older brothers him KGB-trained and the Carpathians, with peasant- the New Left Communist refugees, who view t, hospitals are iden- outriders, sisters. They were polishing with the protest against necessity. The "There is anarchists and Kozak and as guilty of collusion others are KGB officers. human being, across the their Ukrainian nationalist Soviets because of his Marxism. He tification of the diagnostic clarity," says a psy- sweeping vengefully i- no applied theory he proprietor of self: in spite of the "regarding steppes, with gentlemen in spec- enthusiasm with is important, they say, because ir chiatrist in Edmonton, torn "I had drugs and the convulsions, the disagree- tacles and waistcoats, rising in the from whoever was useful. enriches the intellectual life of s schizophrenia There is exposing his genitals to heard and read about Ukrainian Ukrainians outside Ukraine and underwear only between countries Western Ukrainian parliament e ment not myself, the female guards watching and I asked intelligence and the proper speak as the "people's socialist political thought legitimizes, with his i. but between clinics on spite of the 'Where did those Ukrainian Social and reasonableness, the "Ukrainian him at the toilet, in diagnosis of the disorder." The case deputy." d So even-' KGB's message to his wife that if I Democrats come from?' which had been dis- (When I explain to them that question" t- still stands then: as a Moscow for his release run into that 'ogre' Karl excesses of the Cold she stopped agitating said, we in for orte do not feel in permanent tually you credited by the a psychiatrist in Honolulu drugs, in spite stumbled across in humanity." a they would stop the ample opportuni- exile from the homeland — that Marx." Another War He is "steeped 'a the Westnowhave of the temptation to recant — "the — Nestor Makhno, the peasant life, an example of the for ourselves the home is here under my two feet lover of n ty to observe of poet is to write poetry, anarchist leader whose movement of he human spirit over the task the of Leonid Plyushch's and that my sources are not only in triumph o. nature not to sit in prison" — and the fears Ukrainian immigration but in the was crushed by the Bolsheviks in forces of darkness. madness. the fear of c- Free or village, bordering on hysteria, the Left as well, in the women's 1920, and his slogan, "Live Because of the global If this is madness, this getting New of contact v- the bedroom to deny the torture, the fear of loss liberation movement, in Canadian Die Fighting!" is on they say, it is impossible all fours off the cement floor fear of simply up from alongside posters of Red of events — with his family, the raise hand liberation movements from Riel to wall, interconnectedness ie of a hospital prison to a free again Plyushch Chief Joseph of the Nez blast in China is never being false Quebec separatists, they look Emma and "today's nuclear Br _ "i am present" — against the moral death of capitula- Others, who confess that, fallout over Canada" — resisted the then vaguely sympathetic, as though it Perces. tomorrow's is speech ot the Wardens, tion and received the larger life of even though they are only one foolish to "resist the threat of superbly mad, like the were after all "correct" to unders- and In Plyushch is removed from the ourown integrity as the comrade, the hus- tand my position. As they must generation totalitarianism anywhere to or village crazymen of everywhere band, the father, and the friend. The the Dene, for in- "ancestral homeland," it is existence here.'' Besides, the global and clothed by the rest "understand" the d who are fed psychologically and possible the recognition of themselves as stance, or the Somalis. And so, "ludicrous, village also makes d. of us, that we may pursue our Ukrainians. They have, after politically, to deny we are immediate mobilization on behalf of fellow here the young when Plyushch addressed us all as of ordinariness. And all, come from the same village. countrymen," they took Canadians," took to reading texts a threatened "comrade": a hundred in people are, at his side, making sure "my dear are the prairie now. of agrarian socialism the time the news They on down him themselves to be such whereas I on the history years ago, by the he gets a meal, forcing discovered near the farms of fellow Immigrants Plyushch, in a drug in western Canada and reached the sympathizers, the com- black coffee, then, hands wondered If seventy years lal mugs of viewpoints" to their executed. One who came out some him home flashback, thought he was still in "alternative rade was already lis under his elbows, leading ago. They are on the prairie now, parents' conservatism (not to say doesn't stop struggling until him to sleep. "Take care, Kiev.) insurgency among gn reminding Wobblies and everywhere, they with visions of are the children of the reaction) in democracy reigns iet brother Plyushch." They the sunflowers, the dillweed, the War Two Ukrai- Ukrainian-Canadian socialists. say, evoking the vision of the third, post-World cornstalks, dancing in their heads. and the two got summer jobs and became permanent revolution. Finally, of CANADIAN? nian immigration They that those UKRAINIAN? It as on just such acres Ukrainian and the involved in labour disputes: "I course, there is the blood-tie, the patrimonies, the other Ukrainians across the sea UKRAINIAN-CANADIAN? in them in couldn't understand at first why my original meaning of the word Canadian, cross-fertilize fallen in their rebel in big seems have risen and Their parents were bosses drove big cars, lived "brother": the relation. "It Brother. A man from halfway intriguing ways. rows, pitchforks and rifles wielded Canada houses and yel 'couldn't afford' to most natural to me. because of my around the world, citizen of a soviet refugees who came to foreign invaders minimum familial and against not only of expediency — pay us more than the, linguistic, historical, socialist republic, an intellectual initially in an act but also against those within who would soon wage." They lived in co-ops in spiritual connections with Ukraine, marinated in Marxism-Leninism, the Red Army, they felt, the hunger of the people morning get involved in the would feed these repulsed from within Ukraine Chinatown, and every for me to what has he to do with be for justice with the tainted meat of a return — while waiting for the bus, had the campaign to free Plyushch." One is, Ukrainian-Canadians, these and the refugees would revolution. And so, to keep poverty in patriot, a compatriot, bogus the forced stay on. sufter- opportunity to observe in the end, a passing-through-prairie ones, and were to them, it is no wonder '' becamecritical ofthe but by inevitability: the faith with the chagrin of involuntary er Canada. They not by analogy children of rock 'n' roll and pyrohy ng the twenty year olds take their anti-democratic elements in the "1 limited time. I had to choose the r intense- have dinners in the National Hall? Just The children grewup In — chances not with my generation of I Ukraine Heated dis- organizations of their parents among priorities. chose this, he will say: "We all come from ly homes. politicians of gesture and ex- stateless. I am a the dinner table, "that World War Two mentality because, although the same village." cussions around the dilemmas but with Leonid in the forest istential membership in paramilitary youth conditioned by hiding Ukrainian." I question to his convulsed and take the back to that, to Plyushch. the man, and artificially transferred to It keeps coming belong to a group groups, Saturdays at Ukrainian before him. acolytes. They — chafe at palpability of Ukraine, confused, friends dead summers at scout-like Canada" and began to the amazing called "Hromada," which means School, Canada. visions defiled, with whom the at the exclusivity of the possessive the phantasmagoria that Is "community" and they get together Ukrainian camps, attendance make no deals. "Ukrainian." this place that is so police could congresses, and "ours," meaning What is it about to talk about the Soviet dissident conferences. STUDENT, July, 1978: Page 7 T.T. Natalka and Iko TWO TOO ARTISTS TO WATCH — coral beads, red dancing boots, browns, taupes, terracotta rusts, Natalka and Iko. Doth young, raven winged hair, black amber and supper after the concert. And lush greens, and fruity oranges. talented, Ukrainian artists. Children eyes, virile hands, and quicksilver after all of that recedes you spend Blues like pieces of sky and sea damned generation. Coor- energy. A sculptress working with of that Saturday afternoons with your illuminated by the moon, stars, and D.P. the thinnest, most temperamental long dinates from the past war cardinal reds, brew- friends and the forgotten, old, sun. Burgundies, camps to the jaded, cynical, seven- porcelain clays. An alchemist bachelors, at the Unity cerise pinks, ebony, violet, and ing up a cauldron of richly colored Ukrainian ties in North America. Creating in a of Grill. sunbleached beiges. A rainbow culture that cannonizes a handtul of glazes. The combination of dis- colors diffused by light. with a witty, These notes on a hyphenated its visual artists and ignores the rest. ciplined technique experience end with an examina- Canvases that celebrate the All art is art that has a venerated sensitive approach to her subject stuff of nature — lush, sensual, bountiful, eternal. The very process of construction laid bare. The canvas surgically cut up, reworked, and sewn up again. No tricks, no mystification, no limits, no one genre. Geometric graphic studies complement detailed pen and ink drawings, canvases ablaze with color, collages, sculptures, hand carved icons, mobiles, caligraphy and water colors. No allegiance to one sacred school be it minimalist, realist, constructivist, - or im- pressionist. All genres studied, searched, utilized, to produce the new. A cacaphony of birds, beasts, and people seepsthrough the paint. golden form (Hussar) Birds — featherless, ancient as skveez 'n eat (Hussar) dinosaurs, innocent as the chickens In the community he finds little matter. utilized in folk-art. Bulls challeng- support. His pieces are too con- marketable tion of the two-way link between the signature, is a com- all comers — with horns, December 3, 1977. The Ukraine. From here ing fusing, too complex. There is no provides a healthy emigration and modity, and without horns, all horns, no horns. A easy symbolism to Ukrainian-Canadian Arts Founda- the ritually packed banderolia — be found here, profit margin. All art is art that they tion in Toronto. The East European recognized as art, is safe, ^have ghetto. Bloor Street West. The bestows its owner with a opening night of Natalka's first guaranteed status, and elevates one exhibit. A furiously, cold, black above the ignorant, grasping mass. winter's eve. We arrive early in the Natalka and Iko. Two artists hopes of avoiding the gallery going with an eye for the extraordinary in public only to be greeted by a crush the ordinary. Two with a special of people. The babble of conversa- perspective. Two approaches to the tion coats the ears, a banquet of warm bodies, expensive perfumes, and pretentious colognes tantalizes the nose, and out of the corner of your eye you catch the glint of gold. Gold. Golden varennyky. Seventeen ceramic sculptures. Hung as they were conceived, then realized. A carefully planned pro- ject. A transitional programme in three parts. From North American mass culture to the tenuous, thin skinned, paper link with Ukraine. Exhibits one to eleven — a testa- ment to the adage "you are what you eat." A lonely varennyk tangled up on a plate full of golden spaghet-

ti. Instant varennyky squeezed out of a tube. A sviat vechir TV dinner. Gravity defying borshcht dripping crimson off a plate. Holublsi heating in a -battered cast iron From the skillet. Peasant food — substantial, 'self-portrait' series heavy, loaded with starch, love, motherhood. (Kordiuk) TV dinner - sviat vechir (Hussar) Other items in the exhibit speak to the experience of the children of ballpoint the matter, creative process, the role of the the third immigration. The first gum, pens, scarves, jester observing his subject no identifiable Ukrainianisms, no capitalist system. In artist, the art game, and their steps off the boat — captured in goodies of the laughing, cajolling, singing, ^sunflowers, Kozaks, retiring Ukrainian cultural baggage. Two on three pairs of brown, ceramic, return the carefully penned creating. However it is the women maidens, or nostalgic Ukrainian- tucked into a multi- the periphery. Two to watch for. shoes. A petrified Plast uniform areogramme. A note who dominate — complex, Canadiana. There is only canvas, into an Natalka. Natalka Hussar. A retrieved from the mind's closet. glass bottle and thrown faceted, they are never one- paint, pen, ink, space, and some between Mediterranean beauty. Shock of Symbols from a Ukrainian girlhood uncertain sea. The last link dimensional. rope, a nail, thread, and sunlight, us and them, the past and present. Archetypal women, real bountiful sunlight. of w It is all highly reminiscent women, Toronto women, European Natalka and Iko. Two young, Can, or Warhol's Campbell Soup women, Oriental women, sisters, talented, Ukrainian artists. Two on Oldenburg's vinyl hamburgers, or mothers, friends and lovers. They the periphery. Two to watch for. even Dali's interior landscapes. A dominate their canvases, em- Two to grow with. pinch of all three. The audience, a bracing each other, gazing directly broad section of two generations of at you, caught in their love, pain and self-made wealth in Canada, is struggle. attracted by the. Ukrainian theme. Either one loves the exhibit or one hates it. Those unsure of themselves retreat into endless discussions of technique and then slip away to the lower level to sip champagne. In all the discussions of the size of the varennyky, the pros and cons, of mass producing TV dinners a la Ukraine and stan- dard banquet fare, little of the original idea filters through. Few notice that the trademark on the swaf vechir frozen dinner is svynst- vo. Yet the exhibit manages to prod, to shake, to stimulate. It is a success. Ihor Kordiuk. Iko. A head rich with sunlight — ash blonde curls and smiling blue eyes. Small, wiry, hands veined with a roadmap of blue. A magician. He picks up the everyday — pieces of forest, shore, field, city and transforms them into jewels of color and composition. A piece of rope, a nail dating to the renaissance, horsehair, copper wir- ing, shells, African porcupine quills, photographs, feathers, guaze, can- vas — subjects and objects caught In a rich palette of color. Shards of earth — mustard yellow, mud letter from Ukraine (Hussar) icon no. 1 (Kordiuk)

Page 8: STUDENT, July, 1978 REVIEWS... REVIEWS... REVIEWS...

Hryhoriy Kostiuk, Okayanni rohy, haunt the OUNites. As they say in these attitudes and views, as is Diyaloh: Toronto, 1978. 164 pp. the the story cinema: "now can be revealed in an interview with a gay $6.00. Available from Diyaloh, PO told." man working as an engineer in Box 402, Stn. P, Toronto, Ont. T. Muchnic Moscow. In this same vein, a short article on "Violence Against If you dig through old editions ******* Women" exposes the prevalence of in Ukrainian bookstores you will rape, prostitution and wife- still be able to find books and battering in Eastern Europe, despite pamphlets denouncing Mykola "official silence on the subject," and Khvylovy and the Ukrainian despite all of the propaganda prais- "national communists" of the ing the "socialist family" and nineteen-twenties, In the fifties woman's noble role in it. public meetings were held by the The bulletin explains how nationalists at which their writings womens' needs in Eastern Europe were denounced. What actually are still sacrificed to the economic happened in Kharkiv and Kiev in the goals of the country, and how so- twenties, what people said and did called "socialist equality" is not yet and why, was until recently still a a reality. An interesting article subject of hot debate. At stake is the entitled "Birth Rate Politics" existence of a politicaf tendency in demonstrates how the state Ukraine that welcomed the October struggles to increase the birth rate Revolution interpretation and the of in as many ways as possiblesoasto an event that continues to shape the produce more workers for the politics of the Twentieth Century: Soviet economy, and thereby the Revolution of 1917. Meta, whole, decreases the individual rights of Hryhoriy as a raises many Kostiuk was one of women. Thus, in the 1930's, Stalin questions. Is it the journal of the those Ukrainians who spent his banned abortion, restricted divorce, Ukrainian left or is it a left wing formative years in Kharkiv in' the journal concerned with defense and awarded "motherhood medals" twenties and thirties among the to had five activity? This ambiguity has women who or more literary and intellectual elite of the children. And now the state finds plagued Mefa since its inception time while the debate raged: what is itself extolling the dignity of and has perhaps to some degree the way forward for the cultural housework and its unequalled con- bridled its development. For development of Ukraine? was the tribution to the national economy. although Meta is devoted to Revolution degenerating? why? is At the same time, it developing a strong non-Stalinist would seem to this inevitable? Kostiuk and many be making it increasingly difficult Ukrainian left it has only been other prominent figures welcomed for to get any birth control successful in surviving. Perhaps the women both the February and October information, alone problems discussed by Mefa are let any con- Revolutions as historically traception itself. Extensive charts in secondary to a discussion of what is progressive but saw before their the bulletin reveal shocking figures to be done. This question Mefa has eyes the crushing of the Ukrainian regarding abortion contracep- assiduously avoided and as such and renaissance that the Revolution had tion habits and methods. has contributed to the In the called forth. Each individual Soviet Union, organizational and theoretical tor- Romania, grappled with these questions in his Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, for por on the Ukrainian left. QWn way. The spiritual odyssey of instance, abortion is still the most Mr. Kostiuk from his arrest and popular form of contraception to Bohdan Chomiak imprisonment in Lukianivka in 1935 which women must resort. to his release from Vorkuta in 1940 ******* Probably the most important records his acquaintance with a articles in the bulletin are those wide variety of political and cultural sources. Topics of included in a section on "The Mefa; "A Left Wing Discussion worthy being activists whose histories have been exhumed are problems such as the Opposition." Here an interview with Journal, (Vol. 2, No. 10 Toronto, lost except for this record, the the Hungarians Marta and Sandor Summer 1978. 48 pp. $1.00. traditional stand on the Bolshevik of an eyewitness Kocsis discusses an Abortion Peti- failing memory Available from Meta, P.O. Box 324, revolution, the nature of the Soviet Women: Special Issue of Labour and survivor. historical views on Eastern tion organised in Hungary after the Station P, Toronto, Ont. M5S 2S8. system and Focus on Europe 30 p. c/o The central episode of the book problems facing Ukrainians outside Labour Focus, Bottom Flat, 116 Hungarian government revised its describes the events- surrounding Ukraine. Cazenove Rd., London N. 16, previously liberal abortion policy in the Vorkuta strike of 1936-37. However, Meta's political con- England. Special bulk offers to 1973. There follows a short and up- Several accounts of this tragedy After a year's interregnum, tribution to Ukrainian activism women's groups and other to-date article on "Women in Dissi- already exist: M B. "Trotskyists at Mefa has resumed publication. The extends beyond glimpses of a organisations. dent Movements," which deals with Vorkuta" in Samizdat, ed. G. appearance of the latest issue (Vol. bygone era. The majority of this the women who were active in the Saunders; Solzhenitsyn in First 2, No. 1) seems to indicate that the issue is devoted to articles, hunger strike in Poland in May 1977, A group of women who have all Circle and Gulag; J. BergerWofn/ng Ukrainian community can indeed documents and political commen- and the women who have suffered lived in or visited Eastern Europe but the Truth; and E. Dune (pseudo. support the emergence of new tary on issues and events in Ukraine discrimination or punishment' have recently put together a special Iv. Ivanov) in Sotsialisticheskiy journals and political currents, and and Eastern Europe, and con- because of their support of, or issue of the bulletin Labour Focus vestnik 1948 - 49. Kostiuk's is. hopefully heralds a new stage in stitutes a major contribution to participation in the Charter 77 on Eastern Europe, an independent however, the most authentic, vivid Mefa's development. This issue is extending and broadening the groupings. This is backed up by the socialist bulletin which aims to and extensive. the best to date. The articles range debate on these issues. A crucial documentation of five "Czech Case provide comprehensive coverage of style is scrupulously objec- from a historical analysis of the question examined is that of Histories," from which we learn of The Eastern European societies and tive author, who does not Ukrainian nationalist organizations workers' rights in the USSR and women dissidents in but the especially the currents within them lack literary talent, illuminates the to remarks on problems facing Eastern Europe. Now that Klebanov Czechoslovakia who have been which campaign for working class, individuals he describes with per- Ukrainian political activists in the and the Association of Free Trade persecuted for their activities either democratic and national rights. sonal details. For West, end confront the reader with a Union Workers in the USSR have in 1968 in Prague, or in the Charter Responding to a felt need in both ("The erroneousness of most of provocative political analysis of gained an international reputation 77 movement itself. the socialist tradition and a growing assertions and demands contemporary issues. In fact, one and two consecutive Polish The issue concludes with Trotsky's dissident movement, these women reviews of four films and one book, in 1923-24 is obvious today, as it may say that Meta is acting as a governments have backed down in have tried give an overview of the to present the "woman then" Lef History Judge p. 40) political sounding board for the the -face of organized strikes, the all of which was position of in Eastern women Eu- or another. or for Solzhenitsyn, who sees political opinions of its readers on defense of workers' rights in the question" in one way rope from an informed socialist produced in Revolutions as destructive and contemporary Ukrainian issues. Soviet Union and its satellites has Two of the films were feminist perspective. Ballad or, that matter, for The articles in this issue of Meta become a priority issue. For the the U.S.S.R.: A of Two pathological, for The bulletin begins with an / The Floor? philosophies, these mirror the type of discussion going Ukrainian left this is a crucial Lovers and May Take the nouveaux of official views of exposition the out of in Ukrainian left. For exam- since in most The other two films come events are historical fact with a on the realignment, the past Soviet Union and women in the Czechoslovakia: Day For My message for today: "moderation ple, an article by Boris Lewytskyj on of its efforts have been directed Eastern Europe. There is an article Apple Game. The first, "All "The Historical Significance of the towards the defense of individual Love and The and responsibility" for the on "Women's Organisations" and most interesting review Is of a Revolutions lead to Gulag" for the Split in OUN (Organization of dissidents rather than to the their unfortunate political effec- The Humaniza- these events as Ukrainian Nationalists)", reprinted defense of the democratic rights of sociological study, others. Kostiuk sees tiveness. Although some Eastern from 1950 issue of Vpered (the whole. tion of Socialism (1976), a collec- a contemporary, through the dis- a workers' as a European countries do sponsor tion of critical essays written by the con- newspaper of the left wing of the But Mefa has not abandoned torted and fragmentary formal organisations, it women's Hungarian intellectuals Ukrainian Revolutionary political questions raised by prominent sciousness of an individual victim. the that these organisations do seems Hegedus, Heller, Markusand Vajda, Democratic Party), reflects the individual dissidents, as is evident The kaleidoscope of sometimes not often constitute a "real women's which concentrates its criticism on glimpsed, sometimes directly com- search for a tradition. However, as by "The Tragedy of Ivan Dzyuba" movement," with the possible ex- family to the Lewytskyj analyses the process of Letter to Ivan the relationship of the municated experience is rich and and an "Open of Democratic Womens' ception the dual role in Eastern political differentiation between the Leonid Plyushch. state, womens' complex and dispells the unin- Dzyuba" by in East Germany. second League A European society, and the relation formed and tendentious commen- liberal and conservative poles of the These two highly charged article underlines this fact by work and the principles of strongest Ukrainian nationalist pry the case of between tary of some historians. A Chinese statements that open quoting the comments of several pre and post and socialism. revolutionary, Democratic Cen- organization in the Dzyuba are incisive moral East European newspapers major This special issue on Women in Second World era, it is ironical on the question tralist oppositionists, religious dis- War political comments on International Women's Day this Eastern Europe is important that in groping for an identifiable of political dissent in the Soviet senters, Ukrainian cultural activists, year. These newspapers print of- because it represents pioneering Jewish trade unionists from tradition Mefa is forced to confront Union. However, as Stefan ficial tributes to women on their especially analyse currents of article research in the subject, Ukraine, the formerly powerful and and the political Welhash points out in his on these tributes are day, but some of given both the scarcity of available the right rather than of the left. This the role of Ukrainian community privileged and the peasants all tell the to their ob- even humourous due and reliable information, and the their story and are faithfully leaves the sympathetic reader in a in the West, the debate of Soviet or vious lack of serious content. They unique experience and perspective state of confusion the con- Ukrainian issues is not enough to described. since give "hearty thanks" to our tend to of the contributing writers and The book encompasses more nection between these politics and build a left wing Ukrainian "dear wives, mothers and editors. this reason I have a socialist political exists organization in Unfor- For than the Vorkuta experience, which position the West. padded with daughters," and are chosen to overlook certain editorial episode in only in a negative sense, although tunately, other than explaining the forms merely the central verbose flattery. concomitant Lewytskyj gives politicization of the Ukrainian com- problems, and the five pre-War years described. good insight into articles reveal that Subsequent in style and overall com- the origins of munity in the sixties and seventies, problems Through the prism of one man's the Ukrainian the most prevalent forms of position. And for this reason, also, I nationalist parties and concretely Welhash fails to suggest the experience, told without hyperbole oppression in Eastern women's think the bulletin is an important or self-pity one catches fragments and explicitly delineates why the grounds on which a permanent lay Europe are family-related. They to publicize and assess in nationalist could built, document of lives, conversations and political right wing stance should organization be rigid attitudes toward bare the the Ukrainian-Canadian press. rejected. because it may not be clear convictions that formed the es- be perhaps sexuality and the repressive ex- Meta should continue to probe what type of organization or Marlene sence of the Revolution and its yet tremes in official views on sexuality Kadar with a series of the Ukrainian left is Ukrainian component. The history the past historical movement from the G.D.R. to the U.S.S.R. reprints from Uperad and other for. ******* of the left keeps reappearing to ready Gays, especially, are victims of STUDENT, July, 1978: Page 9 UKRAINIAN STUDENT VISITS CHINA Dmytro Jacuta MEMOIRS OF MAO'S MAINLAND tsfienyang to Talien. Unlike Canadian Interest in the People's train systems, the Chinese still Republic of China (PRC) has been believe in moving people and they growing over recent years with do it cheaply, quickly, and comfor- Canada's official recognition of the tably. As most of the hotels we PRC, and with increased travel to stayed at were built for Western or China. The month of April was Soviet guests ("friends" as the time when most of us students were Chinese say) they were equipped cramming tor exams. For me il was with Western style toilets. The train a memorable trip to Japan and the ride was my only encounter with an PRC which is now a collage of Asian or "crouch" style toilet. experiences and feelings. Peking was the highlight of the There were twenty-two people tour. Our stay there was much more on our trip, the majority of whom "tourist" oriented and was not the were university professors, jour- "study type" tour we had been nalists and students. The PRC doing previously of communes, offers entrance to "study tours" of hospitals (acupuncture surgery), approximately twenty-four and mines, factories, universities, etc. In forty-eight people at a time, the and around Peking we saw such tours are usually being limited to attractions as the Great Wall, the two weeks. The request for ou; tour Summer Palace, the Forbidden was put in at the Canadian Embassy City, Mao's Mausoleum, and the of the PRC over a year in advance of Nationalities Institute. The the trip, which is the normal Nationalities procedure. Institute was of par- ticular interest. The Chinese study Japan is a very wealthy, ad- and help develop their various vanced industrial, capitalistic coun- ethnic groups. It appears that they try. All of this is very evident as one have also done a great deal of walks the streets of Tokyo. I never research the Soviet nationalities quite understood how advanced the on and especially on Ukrainians. As Japanese are, but now it is my opinion that they are ahead of the part of their ideological differences Shanghai: University students weeding lawn around monument to Mao. with the Soviets Americans in a number of respects. the Chinese take One can observe many construc- the position that Great Russian Japan areashortdistanceapart.yet in the West. However, in pre-1949 however, visited Our tour group, in tion sites, for example, where the chauvinism dominates the Soviet the contrast between them is in- China, many people went uncloth- Shenyang, which is the northern Union, that of this the level of technology is much higher and because tense. China is poor, un- ed and the communists have dealt industrial centre. We also saw than that of Canada or the U.S. other nationalities are being abus- derdeveloped, and communist. The with this by providing cheap, un- Talien (Dairien) which is close to The air pollution which was ed. people are all clothed in the same iversal, standardized clothing. To Port Arthur. The countryside is very evident on the streets in Tokyo My general impression of the dark coloured "mao" jackets. The use the example of the construction poor, and the people attempt to {Toyota's and Datsun's Chinese was that they are faced prospect of everyone wearing the industry again, whereas in Japan increase yields on what is already everywhere) gave way to the black with many problems. They are poor same type of clothing is looked one saw advanced scaffolding heavily farmed plots by building coal smoke of Shanghai. China and " and anywhere from ten to thirty" upon with revulsion many of us sites, in by techniques on construction plastic green-houses. Military and years behind the West China I was amazed to see scaf- defense activity was high all over technologically. Yet, it is un- folding which would encircle fighters, radio China, but the jet deniable that the people are better buildings (sometimes to a height of underground installations, and cared for than they were before live stories) made completely from tunnels that one could casually 1949. 1 have not, however, dealt with bamboo poles! in especial- observe the north, were the crucial question of the peoples' The people on the streets of It clear that the ly ominous. is feelings towards the state, freedom, Shanghai would often gather in Chinese are very concerned about conceptions of life, etc. To do so in groups to stare at the foreigners. Soviet invasion info the threat of a an article on the basis of one short There are no super-highways, and their northern border areas. i/isit, without any knowledge of the (he city streets are noi as jammed of the unexpected treats of One native language, would be irrespon- with cars as they are in Japan. the tour was a train ride from sible at the least. Instead there are bicycles and public transport buses. Women often ride home after work with Chinese green vegetables hanging from their handle bars. Shanghai is China's biggest city with a population of ap- proximately thirteen million. The city was once a large commercial centre tor international business interests. The old concessions or areas of the city that were once controlled by the British, French, Japanese, etc. are stitl evident by the varying styles of architecture and still standing walled partitions. Some' of these areas, and the gardened estates within them are extremely lavish in all respects. One can sympathize with the Chinese peasantry that revolted against that type of decadent luxury and the foreign imperialists who controlled them. Today these large estates are used as childrens' cultural (recrea- tion) palaces. The northern areas of China are Peking: School children visit the Summer Palace. not usually visited by foreigners. Shenyang: Morning exercises in public square.

— BRIEFS ON USSR (continued from page 5J- POLITICAL tion. Mykola PRISON TERM Bondar, a former A GRIGORENKO'S numerous agreements which the PRISONERS political prisoner from Ukraine, has VIOLATION RETURN DEMAND- Soviet Union has signed. PERSECUTED been turned away from numerous jobs and apartment quarters after ED After serving their terms in revealing his "social background." A five-year prison term has The Moscow Helsinki Monitor- prisons or labor camps, many been imposed onNico Hubner, a 22- ing Group has strongly condemned POILADZE ON political prisoners in the Soviet RUDENKO TO year-old East Berlin conscientious the Soviet authorities for depriving Union still have to serve a term in objector. Hubner refused to be General P. Grigorenko of his Soviet TRIAL exile, often in some isolated area of HUNGER STRIKE drafted into the East German armed citizenship. They ask that pressure Siberia. Even those who are allowed Political prisoner Mykola forces by referring to the be exerted on the Soviet govern- to return to their homeland however Rudenko, a well-known member of demilitarized status of the city that ment in order that he be allowed to face great difficulties in finding a the Ukrainian Valentina Poiladze, aged 52. a Helsinki Monitoring forbids any German to bear arms. return to the U.S.S.R. to job and living quarters. Group human rights activist, has gone on who was sentenced to seven The sentence handed down to demonstrate before an open court Without a job, it is very difficult years trial in the Georgian capital of imprisonment and five years Hubner has been called a violation that all of his actions are directed to find living quarters, but it is exile Tbilisi accused of defaming the in 1977, initially was reluctant of the quadripartite status of Berlin only toward the defence of basic difficult to find a job unless one has to Soviet Union. take part in labour camp protests by spokesmen in Bonn. human rights guaranteed by a roof over one's head, since the because of his bad health. employer is often responsible for After camp officials, however, ensuring that employees are well- assigned heavy physical work to' housed. Rudenko (he is a third category war obstacles are placed in invalid), confiscated his poems, and the of former For a Catalog pa< political restricted his wife's visits, Rudenko of prisor/vre, and many are forced to stated that cataract pr€ss he will participate in leav^ their native areas to find work. dissident writings camp protests and is planning to go Box In ("addition, many are not allowed 1186, Postal Station 'A', to on a hunger strike until his poems their write Toronto, wprk within area of specializa- are returned to him. to: Ontario, Canada M5W1G6 Page 10: STUDENT, July, 1978 „," . plump ' n sexy

— . . . I dreamed I saw a sign in a window; UKRAINIAN DATING SERVICE , "Tradition Without Inhibition" „ -, --", — "Holuptsi and Xloptsi" — "Plump 'n Sexy; Girls Girls . Girls"

and everything cracked, the life of — . a woman of my people flashed before my eyes.

. a girl's hair is braided; eyes glued - , to comic book, she . submits to the cruel, not unusual torture: every hair pulled back electric-tight; her eyes become Chinese, she imagines ,. her face pulling away parting like the Red Sea . , . down the middle of her nose. . ,. . {Japanese bandaged feet of little girls, . Ukrainians braid their daughters' hair, and everywhere, boys run , . . . run, run in the fields) . . ., . . ., . a girl dances with a Cossack he's ,. the vaudeville version in sequins and silk, she's a 12 1978 . jazzed-up peasant in challis and smiles. her hand in courtship flies demurely to her neck, his hands with boasting span the stage, the world, his body everywhere dancing leaping dancing and dancing. Immigrant (the audience gazes, ' the air is embroidered with sighs) I looked through the glass and saw them all huddled, — they touch, they are married: waiting for buses to take them speeches are made, she was. he is. , take care of her and to some Jew's garment factory. ; feed him well. Their small white smiles . they will grow they will bring forth; chattered eagerly, ; (she will be plump she will multiply shining in faces , she will forgive) warm and dark. , — ;. Flips — easier to call 'em that. and Pakees ," through the pores of her The Women in Bargain Basement Coats. ,, skin — — , we will breathe as a people forever. . Marusia Bociurkiw I turned, and looked in the glass, 7-8- /77 and saw my skin, whitened by a citified generation of the cool, Canadian sun. The Canadian Institute of Ukrainian My god —

am I now one of them, Studies who stared at my father's earth-tanned face, requires as he ploughed the trees and stones in his sheepskin jacket — arid called him Secretary hunkie? Ray Serwylo Position available immediately Qualifications:

- fluent in spoken and written Ukrainian and English STUDENT - typing speed of 60 wpm - organizational and administrative experience - initiative and self-motivation PRESS FUND - supervisory skills

(contributions this month) Job description:

- secretary to the director $50: Dr. B.R. Bociurkiw - responsible for administering Institute's general office $20: Chorna Khmara (BBR) $15: Boys from Saskatoon (Veg 78) Salary: $en per month 35. hour work week, other benefits

All contributions should be forwarded to: For further information please contact: Dr. M R. Lupul or Mrs. Luba Petryshyn UKRAINIAN CANADIAN Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies STUDENTS' UNION 335 Athabasca Hall 11246-91 STREET The University of Alberta EDMONTON, ALBERTA Edmonton, Alberta CANADA T5B 4A2 T6G 2E8 Telephone: (403) 432-2972

STUDENT, July, 1978: Page 11 '

! Put your advertisement ('4 , in this spot 24-27 , .. Savings (Life Insured to $2,000) Loans (Life Insured to $10,000) . . Chequing Service — No Charge 201 - 952 . Write Student, 11246-91 St., Registered Retirement Savings Plan , . 589-7836 Edmonton, Alta, for our rates Travellers' Cheques Guaranteed Term Certificates OFFICE HOURS ACADEMY PHOTO Mon.-Tues. - 9:30-12:00. 1:30-5:00 STUDIO LTD. It takes more than - 1:90-5:00.7:00-0:00 Wednesday -Passport Photos While You Wait- - 1:30-5:00 Thnra.-Fri. —Portraiture— Sltuniajr — 10:00-1:00 -Wedding Colour Photo Specialists- theory to start Ukraiiiu (Edmontoo) Credit Union Ltd. Jerry and Sunny Pryma 97108 AVENUE 10207-97 Street — EDMONTON, ALTA. EDMONTON, T5B 1C4 Bui.: 422-1212 —Phones— Res.: 422- a practice. FWe 424-1*54-

YOU CAN BENEFIT * * FROM OUR FULL RANGE UKRAINIAN BOOK STORE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES. 10207 - 97 Street - EDMONTON, ALTA. p ,P.O. Box,1640 T5J 2N9. Telephone: 422-4255 3IS UKRAINIAN BOOKS and PHONOGRAPH RECORDS — HERITAGE TRUST also: EMBROIDERY CLOTH and THREADS WALL CALENDARS 10)44 100 STREET, EDMONTON TELEPHONE 429-4454

Phone: (403) 422-5708

News Publishers Ltd. )COMPLETE PRINTING SERVICE

M. R. (Myron) TARNAWSKY

- - 10967-97 Street .., Edmonton, Alta. 1978 28, 29, ! m , , - .

1 - Suits your lifestyle : - . 1- CARPATHIA , — | , . CREDIT UNION LIMITED 1 - — I : , : , , . . . 950 MAIN STREET - , - WINNIPEG, MANITOBA > -. : ! ! SERVING MEMBERS OF UKRAINIAN DESCENT IN THE GREATER WINNIPEG AREA SINCE 1940. IJ : Ridna Vira, P. . Box , Stn. "F" ft Winnipeg, Man. Canada R2L 2A5 "IT'S WHERE' YOU BELONG'

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