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Systems Programming II
Systems Programming II Iqbal Mohomed CSC 209 – Summer 2004 Week 7 Motivation for Signals • When a program forks into 2 or more processes, rarely do they execute independently of each other • The processes usually require some form of synchronization, and this is typically handled using signals. Job control is another important use • Data usually needs to be passed between processes also, and this is typically handled using pipes and sockets, which we will discuss shortly • Signals are usually generated by – Machine interrupts – The program itself, other programs, or the user (i.e. from the keyboard) Introduction to Signals • When a C program receives a signal, control is immediately passed to a function called a signal handler • The signal handler function can execute some C statements and exit in three different ways: – Return control to the place in the program which was executing when the signal occurred – Return control to some other point in the program – Terminate the program by calling the exit (or _exit) function signal() • A default action is provided for each kind of signal, such as terminate, stop or ignore • For nearly all signal types, the default action can be changed using the signal() function. The exceptions are SIGKILL and SIGSTOP. The handler is defined as follows: – typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int); • To change the handler: – sighandler_t signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler); More on signal() • For each process, the OS maintains a table of actions that should be performed for each kind of signal. The signal() function changes the table entry for the signal named as the first argument to the value provided as the second argument. -
Software Product Description and Quickspecs
VSI OpenVMS Alpha Version 8.4-2L2 Operating System DO-DVASPQ-01A Software Product Description and QuickSpecs PRODUCT NAME: VSI OpenVMS Alpha Version 8.4-2L2 DO-DVASPQ-01A This SPD and QuickSpecs describes the VSI OpenVMS Alpha Performance Release Operating System software, Version 8.4-2L2 (hereafter referred to as VSI OpenVMS Alpha V8.4-2L2). DESCRIPTION OpenVMS is a general purpose, multiuser operating system that runs in both production and development environments. VSI OpenVMS Alpha Version 8.4-2L2 is the latest release of the OpenVMS Alpha computing environment by VMS Software, Inc (VSI). VSI OpenVMS Alpha V8.4-2L2 is compiled to take advantage of architectural features such as byte and word memory reference instructions, and floating-point improvements, which are available only in HPE AlphaServer EV6 or later processors. This optimized release improves performance by taking advantage of faster hardware-based instructions that were previously emulated in software. NOTE: VSI OpenVMS Alpha V8.4-2L2 does not work on, and is not supported on, HPE AlphaServer pre-EV6 systems. OpenVMS Alpha supports HPE’s AlphaServer series computers. OpenVMS software supports industry standards, facilitating application portability and interoperability. OpenVMS provides symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) support for multiprocessing systems. The OpenVMS operating system can be tuned to perform well in a wide variety of environments. This includes combinations of compute-intensive, I/O-intensive, client/server, real-time, and other environments. Actual system performance depends on the type of computer, available physical memory, and the number and type of active disk and tape drives. The OpenVMS operating system has well-integrated networking, distributed computing, client/server, windowing, multi-processing, and authentication capabilities. -
Muxserver 380 Hardware Installation Manual Order Number EK-DSRZD-IM-002
MUXserver 380 Hardware Installation Manual Order Number EK-DSRZD-IM-002 2nd Edition Second Edition - February 1992 The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation (Australia) Pty. Limited. Digital Equipment Corporation (Australia) Pty. Limited assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation (Australia) Pty. Limited or its affiliated companies. Copyright ©1992 by Digital Equipment Corporation (Australia) Pty. Limited. All Rights Reserved. Printed in Australia. The postpaid READER’S COMMENTS form on the last page of this document requests the user’s critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: DEC DIBOL UNIBUS DEC/CMS EduSystem UWS DEC/MMS IAS VAX DECnet MASSBUS VAXcluster DECstation PDP VMS DECsystem–10 PDT VT DECSYSTEM–20 RSTS DECUS RSX DECwriter ULTRIX dt Contents Preface viii Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of the MUXserver 380 Network . ................................1–1 1.2 Typical MUXserver 380 Network Configuration ...............................1–2 1.3 The MUXserver 380 . .................................................1–3 1.4 Connecting the MUXserver 380 . ........................................1–6 1.5 Installation Overview . ................................................1–10 1.6 Items Required for MUXserver 380 Installation .............................1–11 1.7 Service Options ......................................................1–12 1.7.1 Digital On-Site Service . -
Unix System Programming Overview Outline What Is a Signal? Signal
Overview Last Week: ● How to program UNIX processes (Chapters 7-9) ● fork() and exec() Unix System Programming This Week, and next week: ● UNIX inter-process communication mechanisms: signals, Signals » (next week) pipes and FIFOs. ● How to program with UNIX signals (Chapter 10) » http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_signal ● Non-local jumps (Chapter 7) ● Focus on the sigaction() function Maria Hybinette, UGA 1 Maria Hybinette, UGA 2 Outline What is a Signal? ● A signal is an asynchronous event which is ● What is a UNIX signal? delivered to a process (instantiated by a small message) ● Signal types ● Asynchronous means that the event can occur ● Generating signals at any time (e.g., posting at a bulletin board ) ● Responding to a signal » may be unrelated to the execution of the process ● Common uses of a signal – e.g., user types Ctrl-C, or the modem hangs (SIGINT) ● Implementing a read() time-out – e.g,, user types Ctrl-Z (SIGTSTP) ● Sent from kernel (e.g. detects divide by zero ● Non-local jumps setjmp()/longjmp() (SIGFPE) or could be at the request of another ● POSIX signals process to send to another) ● Interrupted system calls ● Only information that a signal carries is its ● System calls inside handlers unique ID and that it arrived Maria Hybinette, UGA 3 Maria Hybinette, UGA 4 Signal Types (31 in POSIX) Signal Sources terminal memory ID Name Description Default Action driver management shell command 2 SIGINT Interrupt from keyboard (^C) terminate Ctr-C SIGINT SIGHUP 3 SIGQUIT Quit from keyboard (^\) terminate & core SIGSEGV 9 SIGKILL -
POSIX Signals
CSE 410: Systems Programming POSIX Signals Ethan Blanton Department of Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References POSIX Signals POSIX signals are another form of interprocess communication. They are also a way to create concurrency in programs. For these two reasons, they are rather complicated and subtle! Signals provide a simple message passing mechanism. © 2018 Ethan Blanton / CSE 410: Systems Programming Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References Signals as Messages POSIX signals are asynchronous messages. Asynchronous means that their reception can occur at any time.1 The message is the reception of the signal itself. Each signal has a number, which is a small integer. POSIX signals carry no other data. 1Almost. We’ll see how to control it later. © 2018 Ethan Blanton / CSE 410: Systems Programming Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References Signal Types There are two basic types of POSIX signals: Reliable signals Real-time signals Real-time signals are much more complicated. In particular, they can carry data. We will discuss only reliable signals in this lecture. © 2018 Ethan Blanton / CSE 410: Systems Programming Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References Asynchronous Reception From the point of view of the application: Signals can be blocked or ignored Enabled signals may be received between any two processor instructions A received signal can run a user-defined function called a signal handler This means that enabled signals and program code must very carefully manipulate shared or global data! © 2018 Ethan Blanton / CSE 410: Systems Programming Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References Signals POSIX defines a number of signals by name and number. -
Decserver 90M Installation Guide
DECserver 90M Installation Guide Part Number: IG-DSRVH-00 April 2002 This document describes how to install and troubleshoot the DECserver 90M. Revision/Update Information: This is a new document. Digital Networks makes no representations that the use of its products in the manner described in this publication will not infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions contained in this publication imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment or software in accordance with the description. Possession, use, or copying of the software described in this publication is authorized only pursuant to a valid written license from Digital Networks or an authorized sublicensor. Copyright © 2001 DNPG, LLC (“Digital Networks”). All rights reserved. Digital Networks 486 Amherst St. Nashua , NH 03063-1224 Web site: www.digitalnetworks.net Digital Networks is the tradename of DNPG, LLC, and is not affiliated with Compaq Computer Corporation. DIGITAL, the Digital Logo and DEC are used under license from Compaq Computer Corporation. clearVISN, Multistack, MultiSwitch, and ThinWire are trademarks of Cabletron Systems, Inc. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders. NOTICES FCC Notice — Class A Computing Device: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. -
Programming with POSIX Threads II
Programming with POSIX Threads II CS 167 IV–1 Copyright © 2008 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved. Global Variables int IOfunc( ) { extern int errno; ... if (write(fd, buffer, size) == –1) { if (errno == EIO) fprintf(stderr, "IO problems ...\n"); ... return(0); } ... } CS 167 IV–2 Copyright © 2008 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved. Unix was not designed with multithreaded programming in mind. A good example of the implications of this is the manner in which error codes for failed system calls are made available to a program: if a system call fails, it returns –1 and the error code is stored in the global variable errno. Though this is not all that bad for single-threaded programs, it is plain wrong for multithreaded programs. Coping • Fix Unix’s C/system-call interface • Make errno refer to a different location in each thread – e.g. #define errno __errno(thread_ID) CS 167 IV–3 Copyright © 2008 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved. The ideal way to solve the “errno problem” would be to redesign the C/system-call interface: system calls should return only an error code. Anything else to be returned should be returned via result parameters. (This is how things are done in Windows NT.) Unfortunately, this is not possible (it would break pretty much every Unix program in existence). So we are stuck with errno. What can we do to make errno coexist with multithreaded programming? What would help would be to arrange, somehow, that each thread has its own private copy of errno. I.e., whenever a thread refers to errno, it refers to a different location from any other thread when it refers to errno. -
ETS4P4 Terminal Server
ETS4P4 Terminal Server Installation Guide Thank you for purchasing this Lantronix ETS Ethernet Terminal Server. As the newest addition to our successful Ethernet terminal server family, the ETS uses software for multiprotocol Ethernet connections that has over 5 years of real-world feedback and de- velopment behind it. Lantronix is constantly improving the capabilities of our prod- ucts, and we encourage you to take advantage of new features through our FREE software upgrades (available via ftp over the Internet or BBS.) Our Flash ROM products, including this ETS, provide the sim- plest means for upgrades and installation. I hope you find this manual easy to use, and thorough in its explanation of the power- ful features you can now access on your network. Brad Freeburg President Contents 1 Introduction Overview...........................................................................1-1 Configuration ................................................1-1 Software ..........................................................1-2 About the Manuals ..........................................................1-2 2 Installation Overview...........................................................................2-1 ETS Components..............................................................2-1 Installation ........................................................................2-2 Selecting a Location for the ETS ..................2-2 Connecting to the Ethernet...........................2-2 Connecting a Terminal..................................2-3 -
Power Monitoring Using the Raspberry Pi
2013 ASCUE Proceedings Power monitoring using the Raspberry Pi Robin M Snyder RobinSnyder.com [email protected] http://www.robinsnyder.com Abstract The Raspberry Pi is a credit card size low powered compute board with Ethernet connection, HDMI video output, audio, full Linux operating system run from an SD card, and more, all for $45. With ca- bles, SD card, etc., the cost is about $70. Originally designed to help teach computer science principles to low income children and students, the Pi has taken on a life of its own, with many online resources and projects that cover most everything one would want to do with a small low monetary cost and low battery power computer. This paper/session will present the Raspberry Pi and provide ideas of what it can do and how one can get started using it. The author has used Pi's for Internet data acquisi- tion/monitoring, cluster processing using more than one Pi, email notifications, and power monitoring. The particular focus example will be on UPS power monitoring and status using off the shelf Open Source software. The main software for the purpose of power monitoring is NUT, Network UPS Tools, whose goal is "to provide support for Power Devices, such as Uninterruptible Power Supplies, Power Distribution Units and Solar Controllers." Some background in the theory and practice of electrical power, surge protection, uninterruptible powers supplies, etc., will be provided. Introduction The Raspberry Pi is a credit card size low powered compute board with Ethernet connection, HDMI video output, audio, full Linux operating system run from an SD card, and more, all for $45. -
Eaton UPS Software Intelligent Power Manager Manual
www.eaton.com Eaton Intelligent Power® Manager – User’s Guide / AL - v1.30 Page 1/125 www.eaton.com Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 8 2 Installation ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Installation Prerequisites ................................................................................................................... 9 ® 2.1.1 On the System Hosting « Intelligent Power Manager » ............................................................... 9 2.1.2 On the System that Displays Web-based Graphical User Interface.............................................. 9 2.2 Quick Start & Installation .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Installation Result .............................................................................................................................. 14 2.4 Uninstalling the Product ................................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Upgrading the Product ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.6 Installation / Uninstallation from command line ............................................................................. 15 3 Configuration ................................................................................................................ -
Yocto Project Development Manual [ from the Yocto Project Website
Scott Rifenbark, Intel Corporation <[email protected]> by Scott Rifenbark Copyright © 2010-2015 Linux Foundation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/] as published by Creative Commons. Note For the latest version of this manual associated with this Yocto Project release, see the Yocto Project Development Manual [http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.7.2/dev-manual/dev-manual.html] from the Yocto Project website. Table of Contents 1. The Yocto Project Development Manual .................................................................................. 1 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. What This Manual Provides .......................................................................................... 1 1.3. What this Manual Does Not Provide ............................................................................. 1 1.4. Other Information ........................................................................................................ 2 2. Getting Started with the Yocto Project .................................................................................... 4 2.1. Introducing the Yocto Project ....................................................................................... 4 2.2. Getting Set Up ........................................................................................................... -
Sendmail Section 10.1
TCP/IP Network Administration, 3rd Edition By Craig Hunt Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: April 2002 ISBN: 0-596-00297-1 Pages: 746 Table of • Slots: 1 Contents • Index • Reviews Reader • This complete hands-on guide to setting up and running a TCP/IP network Reviews starts with the fundamentals: what protocols do and how they work, how • Errata addresses and routing are used, and how to set up your network connection. The book also covers advanced routing protocols and provides tutorials on configuring important network services. The expanded third edition includes sections on Samba, Apache web server, network security, and much more. TCP/IP Network Administration, 3rd Edition By Craig Hunt Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: April 2002 ISBN: 0-596-00297-1 Pages: 746 Table of • Slots: 1 Contents • Index • Reviews Reader • Reviews • Errata Copyright Dedication Preface Audience Organization Unix Versions Conventions We'd Like to Hear from You Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Overview of TCP/IP Section 1.1. TCP/IP and the Internet Section 1.2. A Data Communications Model Section 1.3. TCP/IP Protocol Architecture Section 1.4. Network Access Layer Section 1.5. Internet Layer Section 1.6. Transport Layer Section 1.7. Application Layer Section 1.8. Summary Chapter 2. Delivering the Data Section 2.1. Addressing, Routing, and Multiplexing Section 2.2. The IP Address Section 2.3. Internet Routing Architecture Section 2.4. The Routing Table Section 2.5. Address Resolution Section 2.6. Protocols, Ports, and Sockets Section 2.7. Summary Chapter 3. Network Services Section 3.1. Names and Addresses Section 3.2.