Born Digital Images: Creation to Preservation
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INST 785 Section 0101 Documentation, Collection, and INST 785 Appraisal of Records Spring 2020
Course Syllabus – INST 785 Section 0101 Documentation, Collection, and INST 785 Appraisal of Records Spring 2020 Course Description Dr. Eric Hung he / him / his Appraisal is considered to be the archivist’s “first responsibility.” The [email protected] responsibility is “first” because appraisal comes first in the sequence of archival functions and thus influences all subsequent archival activities, and it is “first” in importance because appraisal determines what tiny sliver of Class Meetings: the total human documentary production will actually become “archives” Tuesdays, 6:00-8:45pm and thus a part of society’s history and collective memory. The archivist is HBK 0105 thereby actively shaping the future’s history of our own times. Office Hours The topic of appraisal remains one of considerable controversy in archives. ELMS Chat Office Hours: The archival literature includes debates over the definitions and indicators Mondays, 2:00-3:00pm, of long-term value, the purpose of appraisal, who intervenes in appraisal or by appointment. If you decisions, when in the information life cycle do they intervene, and which want to meet in-person, I methods work for which types of records and which types of organizations. am generally on campus The literature is replete with tensions between the theory and practice of on Tuesdays. appraisal and between questions of universalism versus specificity (by type of record, media, type of organization, time period, country, etc.). Syllabus Policy One of the problems with the literature on appraisal is that there are few This syllabus is a guide for methods for rigorously evaluating the feasibility or effectiveness of different the course and is subject appraisal methodologies. -
Archiving 2016 Preliminary Program
M ARCHIVING2016 A April 19-22, 2016 • Washington, DC R G www.imaging.org/archiving General Chair: Kari Smith, O MIT Libraries, Institute Archives and Special Collections R P Y R A N I M I L E R P Sponsored by the Society for Imaging Science and Technology April 19-22, 2016 • Washington, DC About the Conference The IS&T Archiving Conference brings together provides a forum to explore new strategies an international community of imaging experts and policies, and reports on successful projects and technicians as well as curators, managers, that can serve as benchmarks in the field. and researchers from libraries, archives, mu- Archiving 2016 is a blend of short courses, seums, records management repositories, in- invited focal papers, keynote talks, and formation technology institutions, and com- peer-reviewed oral and interactive display mercial enterprises to explore and discuss the presentations, offering attendees a unique field of digitization of cultural heritage and opportunity for gaining and exchanging archiving. The conference presents the latest knowledge and building networks among research results on digitization and curation, professionals. Cooperating Societies • American Institute for Conservation Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation (AIC) • ALCTS Association for Library Collections & Technical Services • Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) • Digital Library Federation at CLIR . • Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) s e g o • IOP/Printing & Graphics Science Group V h p o t s • ISCC – Inter-Society Color Council i r h C • Museum Computer Network (MCN) : o t o h • The Royal Photographic Society P Short courses offer an intimate setting to gain more in-depth knowledge about technical aspects of digital archiving. -
What Resolution Should Your Images Be?
What Resolution Should Your Images Be? The best way to determine the optimum resolution is to think about the final use of your images. For publication you’ll need the highest resolution, for desktop printing lower, and for web or classroom use, lower still. The following table is a general guide; detailed explanations follow. Use Pixel Size Resolution Preferred Approx. File File Format Size Projected in class About 1024 pixels wide 102 DPI JPEG 300–600 K for a horizontal image; or 768 pixels high for a vertical one Web site About 400–600 pixels 72 DPI JPEG 20–200 K wide for a large image; 100–200 for a thumbnail image Printed in a book Multiply intended print 300 DPI EPS or TIFF 6–10 MB or art magazine size by resolution; e.g. an image to be printed as 6” W x 4” H would be 1800 x 1200 pixels. Printed on a Multiply intended print 200 DPI EPS or TIFF 2-3 MB laserwriter size by resolution; e.g. an image to be printed as 6” W x 4” H would be 1200 x 800 pixels. Digital Camera Photos Digital cameras have a range of preset resolutions which vary from camera to camera. Designation Resolution Max. Image size at Printable size on 300 DPI a color printer 4 Megapixels 2272 x 1704 pixels 7.5” x 5.7” 12” x 9” 3 Megapixels 2048 x 1536 pixels 6.8” x 5” 11” x 8.5” 2 Megapixels 1600 x 1200 pixels 5.3” x 4” 6” x 4” 1 Megapixel 1024 x 768 pixels 3.5” x 2.5” 5” x 3 If you can, you generally want to shoot larger than you need, then sharpen the image and reduce its size in Photoshop. -
10 Small Scale Academic Web Archiving: DACHS
10 Small Scale Academic Web Archiving: DACHS Hanno E. Lecher Leiden University [email protected] 10.1 Why Small Scale Academic Archiving? Considering the complexities of Web archiving and the demands on hard- and software as well as on expertise and personnel, one wonders whether such projects are only feasible for large scale institutions such as national libraries, or whether smaller institutions such as museums, university depart- ments and the like would also be able to perform the tasks required for a Web archive with long-term perspective. Even if the answer to this is yes, the question remains whether this is necessary at all. One could think that the Internet Archive in combination with the efforts of the increasing number of national libraries is already covering many, if not most relevant Web resources. Does academic or other small scale Web archiving make sense at all? Let me begin with this second question. The Internet Archive has done groundbreaking work as the first initiative attempting comprehensive archiv- ing of Web resources. Its success in accomplishing this has been revolution- ary, and it has laid the foundation on which many other projects have built their work. Still, examining what the Internet Archive and other holistic pro- jects1 can achieve it is easy to discover some limitations. Since their focus of collection is very broad, they have to rely on robots for a large part of their collecting activities, automatically grabbing as many Web pages as possible. This kind of capturing is often very superficial, missing parts located further down the tree, many pages being downloaded incompletely, and some file types as well as the hidden Web being ignored altogether. -
Selection in Web Archives: the Value of Archival Best Practices
WITTENBERG: SELECTION IN WEB ARCHIVES Selection in Web Archives: The Value of Archival Best Practices Jamie Wittenberg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America Abstract: The abundance of valuable material available online has mobilized the development of preservation initiatives at collecting institutions that aim to capture and contextualize web content. Web archiving selection criteria are driven by the limitations inherent in harvesting technologies. Observing core archival principles like provenance and original order when establishing collection development policies for web content will help to ensure that archives continue to assure the authenticity of the materials they steward. Keywords: Web Archives; Archival Theory; Digital Libraries; Internet Content; Selection and Appraisal Introduction The abundance of valuable material available online has mobilized the development of preservation initiatives at collecting institutions that aim to capture and contextualize web content. Methodologies for web collection practices are institution and collection-specific. Among institutions charged with preserving cultural heritage, web archiving has become commonplace. However, the disparity between institutional selection and appraisal criteria reveals the absence of standardization for web archive establishment. The Australian web archive, for example, accessions content that it evaluates as having long-term research value. The Library of Congress web archive, represented by its Minerva team, established a collection -
Invention of Digital Photograph
Invention of Digital photograph Digital photography uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to capture images focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film. The captured images are digitized and stored as a computer file ready for further digital processing, viewing, electronic publishing, or digital printing. Until the advent of such technology, photographs were made by exposing light sensitive photographic film and paper, which was processed in liquid chemical solutions to develop and stabilize the image. Digital photographs are typically created solely by computer-based photoelectric and mechanical techniques, without wet bath chemical processing. The first consumer digital cameras were marketed in the late 1990s.[1] Professionals gravitated to digital slowly, and were won over when their professional work required using digital files to fulfill the demands of employers and/or clients, for faster turn- around than conventional methods would allow.[2] Starting around 2000, digital cameras were incorporated in cell phones and in the following years, cell phone cameras became widespread, particularly due to their connectivity to social media websites and email. Since 2010, the digital point-and-shoot and DSLR formats have also seen competition from the mirrorless digital camera format, which typically provides better image quality than the point-and-shoot or cell phone formats but comes in a smaller size and shape than the typical DSLR. Many mirrorless cameras accept interchangeable lenses and have advanced features through an electronic viewfinder, which replaces the through-the-lens finder image of the SLR format. While digital photography has only relatively recently become mainstream, the late 20th century saw many small developments leading to its creation. -
Alternative Processes a Few Essentials Introduction
Alternative Processes A Few Essentials Introduction Chapter 1. Capture Techniques From Alternative Photographic Processes: Crafting Handmade Images Chapter 2. Digital Negatives for Gum From Gum Printing: A Step-by-Step Manual, Highlighting Artists and Their Creative Practice Chapter 3. Fugitive and Not-So-Fugitive Printing From Jill Enfield?s Guide to Photographic Alternative Processes: Popular Historical and Contemporary Techniques 2 Featured Books on Alternative Process Photography from Routledge | Focal Press Use discount code FLR40 to take 20% off all Routledge titles. Simply visit www.routledge.com/photography to browse and purchase books of interest. 3 Introduction A young art though it may be, photography already has a rich history. As media moves full steam ahead into the digital revolution and beyond, it is a natural instinct to look back at where we?ve come from. With more artists rediscovering photography?s historical processes, the practice of photography continually redefines and re-contextualizes itself. The creative possibilities of these historical processes are endless, spawning a growing arena of practice - alternative processes, which combines past, present and everything in between, in the creation of art. This collection is an introduction to and a sample of these processes and possibilities. With Alternative Photographic Processes, Brady Wilks demonstrates techniques for manipulating photographs, negatives and prints ? emphasizing the ?hand-made? touch. Bridging the gap between the simplest of processes to the most complex, Wilks? introduction demonstrates image-manipulation pre-capture, allowing the artist to get intimate with his or her images long before development. In the newly-released Gum Printing, leading gum expert Christina Z. -
A Digital Astrophotography Primer - OR - This Is NOT Your Daddy’S SLR!
A Digital Astrophotography Primer - OR - This is NOT your Daddy’s SLR! Page 1 of 22 Table of Contents A Digital Astrophotography Primer...........................................................................................................................................................1 Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................................................................................2 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................3 What is an SLR, anyways? ....................................................................................................................................................................3 SLR, DSLR, What’s the Difference?.....................................................................................................................................................4 The Viewfinder ......................................................................................................................................................................................4 The Focus Mechanism ...........................................................................................................................................................................5 The Capture Medium .............................................................................................................................................................................6 -
Yale University Library Preservation Department
Yale University Library Preservation Department 45th Annual Report July 2015-June 2016 Roberta Pilette January 17, 2016 Preservation Department Annual Rpt FY2016 1 Yale University Library Preservation Department 45th Annual Report July 2015-June 2016 Roberta Pilette, Director of Preservation and Chief Preservation Officer Murray Harrison, Senior Administrative Assistant Preservation Staffing: July 1, 2015 June 30, 2016 Positions budgeted: C&T 11.00 11.00 M&P 10.47 11.00 Positions filled: C&T 9.00 11.00 M&P 10.47 11.00 OVERVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT The Yale University Library Preservation Department is responsible for the long-term preservation of all library materials. The Department consists of four units—Preservation Services; Digital Reformatting & Microfilm Services (DRMS); Conservation & Exhibition Services (CES) including Collections Conservation & Housing (CCH), Special Collections Conservation (SCC) and Exhibit Production Support (EPS); and Digital Preservation Services. The Department organizational chart can be found in Appendix I, the annual statistics for the Department can be found in Appendix II. 344 Winchester moving & more construction The construction of that portion of the department associated with the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript (BRBL) Technical Services construction was completed during the first quarter of FY16. The move for Preservation Administration, Preservation Services, and Digital Preservation Services took place in August 2015. Those moves went smoothly and the units settled into the new spaces. Digital Preservation Services moved all of their equipment into their new spaces and spent the year making significant use of the enlarged work areas. Digital Preservation and the Born Digital Working group collaborated on the specifications for the new di Bonaventura Digital Archeology and Preservation laboratory. -
Digital Negative (DNG) Specification
Digital Negative (DNG) Ë Specification Version 1.1.0.0 February 2005 ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED Corporate Headquarters 345 Park Avenue San Jose, CA 95110-2704 (408) 536-6000 http://www.adobe.com Copyright © 2004-2005 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. NOTICE: All information contained herein is the property of Adobe Systems Incorporated. No part of this publication (whether in hardcopy or electronic form) may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Adobe, the Adobe logo, and Photoshop are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. This publication and the information herein is furnished AS IS, is subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by Adobe Systems Incorporated. Adobe Systems Incorporated assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies, makes no warranty of any kind (express, implied, or statutory) with respect to this publication, and expressly disclaims any and all warranties of merchantability, fitness for particular purposes, and noninfringement of third party rights. Table of Contents Preface . .vii About This Document . vii Audience . vii How This Document Is Organized . vii Where to Go for More Information . viii Chapter 1 Introduction . 9 The Pros and Cons of Raw Data. 9 A Standard Format . 9 The Advantages of DNG . 10 Chapter 2 DNG Format Overview . .11 File Extensions . 11 SubIFD Trees . 11 Byte Order . 11 Masked Pixels . -
The DIGITAL NEGATIVE & PRINT Books
THE DIGITAL NEGATIVE Raw Image Processing in Lightroom, Camera Raw, and Photoshop JEFF SCHEWE Peachpit Press THE DIGITAL NEGATIVE RAW IMAGE PROCEssING IN LIGHTROOM, CAMERA RAW, AND PHOTOSHOP Jeff Schewe PEACHPIT PREss www.peachpit.com To report errors, please send a note to: [email protected] Peachpit Press is a division of Pearson Education. Copyright © 2013 by Jeff Schewe Acquisitions Editor: Rebecca Gulick Production Editor: Lisa Brazieal Development and Copy Editor: Elizabeth Kuball Compositor: Kim Scott/Bumpy Design Proofreader: Patricia Pane Indexer: Emily Glossbrenner Cover and Interior Designer: Mimi Heft NOTICE OF RIGHTS All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, contact [email protected]. NOTICE OF LIABILITY The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precau- tion has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor Peachpit Press shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it. TrADEMARKS Adobe, Adobe Bridge, Adobe Camera Raw, Lightroom, and Photoshop are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. -
1/2-Inch Megapixel CMOS Digital Image Sensor
MT9M001: 1/2-Inch Megapixel Digital Image Sensor Features 1/2-Inch Megapixel CMOS Digital Image Sensor MT9M001C12STM (Monochrome) Datasheet, Rev. M For the latest datasheet, please visit www.onsemi.com Features Table 1: Key Performance Parameters Parameter Value • Array Format (5:4): 1,280H x 1,024V (1,310,720 active Optical format 1/2-inch (5:4) pixels). Total (incl. dark pixels): 1,312H x 1,048V Active imager size 6.66 mm (H) x 5.32 mm (V) (1,374,976 pixels) • Frame Rate: 30 fps progressive scan; programmable Active pixels 1,280 H x 1,024 V • Shutter: Electronic Rolling Shutter (ERS) Pixel size 5.2 m x 5.2 m • Window Size: SXGA; programmable to any smaller Shutter type Electronic rolling shutter (ERS) Maximum data rate/ format (VGA, QVGA, CIF, QCIF, etc.) 48 MPS/48 MHz • Programmable Controls: Gain, frame rate, frame size master clock Frame SXGA 30 fps progressive scan; rate (1280 x 1024) programmable Applications ADC resolution 10-bit, on-chip Responsivity 2.1 V/lux-sec • Digital still cameras Dynamic range 68.2 dB • Digital video cameras •PC cameras SNRMAX 45 dB Supply voltage 3.0 V3.6 V, 3.3 V nominal 363 mW at 3.3 V (operating); Power consumption General Description 294 W (standby) Operating temperature 0°C to +70°C The ON Semiconductor MT9M001 is an SXGA-format with a 1/2-inch CMOS active-pixel digital image sen- Packaging 48-pin CLCC sor. The active imaging pixel array of 1,280H x 1,024V. It The sensor can be operated in its default mode or pro- incorporates sophisticated camera functions on-chip grammed by the user for frame size, exposure, gain set- such as windowing, column and row skip mode, and ting, and other parameters.