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Maine Environment Maine Environment Spring 2012 Milestone for the Penobscot River: Removal of the Great Works Dam By Cheryl Daigle In mid-Spring, the base of the portage trail comprise Great Works. It is the first of adjacent to Orono Dam is flooded, and birch three major construction projects that Iand silver maple trees stretch reflections collectively will improve access to nearly across the water. The river courses past a thousand miles of habitat to realize the the newly greening riverbanks, whitewater Project’s goal to restore to the watershed roaring over and around outcrops of boulder self-sustaining populations of salmon, and ledge, drowning out the sounds of early American shad, river herring, and migratory birds. This place is referred to seven other species of sea-run fish. In as Basin Mills Rips, once dammed and the partnership with hydropower companies, site of a sawmill in the 1800s. This section the restoration effort also means increasing of the mainstem Penobscot now reflects energy generation at six dams now the wildness of the river that was and offers owned by Black Bear Hydro, LLC. Total a story of hope and the precursor to the energy production within the project area CHERYL DAIGLE CHERYL collaboration seen today in the Penobscot Basin Mills Rips in Orono, the site of a failed proposal to build what would have been will remain at least the same, and the River Restoration Project. the largest dam on the lower river. It provides a glimpse at what the river will look like construction activities around Great Works at Great Works after the dam is removed, with whitewater rapids and a diverse mix of Basin Mills was for several years in the eddies and pools providing habitat for fish and other wildlife. Dam removal alone will lead to an infusion mid-1990s promoted as the ideal location of millions of dollars into the local economy. for construction of a dam larger than any other on the lower Penobscot For example, the project will maintain and create numerous jobs for the area River. Fierce opposition to the dam came from community members and in construction, engineering, landscaping, and the scientific monitoring of conservation groups, including NRCM, local salmon clubs, the Penobscot changing river conditions and fish communities. Nation, and state and federal fisheries agencies who had already been For the first time in nearly two centuries the river will flow freely between working for decades to rebuild Atlantic salmon populations. Ultimately, the the towns of Bradley and Old Town. As the impoundment is drawn down over Federal Energy Regulatory Commission denied the permit, in large part due to the course of several weeks, we will begin to see the river change back to a the devastating impact it would have on salmon restoration efforts. Now, less more natural state: rocky ledges will emerge, and a diverse habitat of eddies than a generation later, there is tremendous hope for salmon as the Penobscot and pools will offer breeding ground for mayfly, caddis fly, and other insects Project reaches its next milestone: removal of the Great Works Dam less than that thrive in free-flowing waters. This new life will attract more activity from four miles upstream. migratory songbirds that rely on insect-rich river corridors to sustain their Improving Fish Passage, Increasing Energy Production long journeys, and both resident fish and the juvenile sea-run fish that feed In June, the Penobscot River Restoration Trust—owner of the Great on the insect larvae and emerging adults. Works, Veazie, and Howland dams—begins dismantling the outdated After the Veazie Dam is removed and the Howland bypass constructed, conglomeration of concrete and timber crib works and failed fishways that Atlantic salmon, shad, and other sea-run fishes will once again reach these - Continued on page 2 E M EPA’s Proposed Carbon - T . 65 I D AGE O OF I N WICK, R T OST I P M - A UNS Pollution Standard Will NON-P U.S. P BR PER Benefit Maine On Tuesday March 27th, the Environmental Protection Agency and Obama Administration released a long-awaited proposal to limit climate-changing carbon pollution from new power plants. “Every year, power plants dump more than two billion tons of dangerous carbon pollution and other pollutants into the air,” says Lisa Pohlmann, executive director of the Natural Resources Council of Maine. “The standard announced in March will establish the first national limits on carbon pollution from new power plants and help protect people, kids, wildlife, and our environment from climate change and air pollution.” NRCM is urging Maine’s senators and Congresspeople to support these rules and not put corporate polluters’ profits ahead of our health. Power plants are the nation’s largest source of carbon pollution and big power companies, their lobbyists, and supporters have spent tens of millions of dollars to try to block clean air standards that will save thousands of lives. The Clean Air Act is an essential tool to address air pollution, from climate- changing gases to toxic mercury emissions. Please show your support by taking action. Visit our website to find out how at www.nrcm.org. 3 Wade Street 04330-6317 Maine Augusta, CHECK YOUR LABEL! Please call NRCM with corrections address duplicate mailings!or Great Works Dam - Continued from page 1 l THE big pictUre l waters without impediment. Some adults will spawn near Great Works, or stop to rest in still-water pools. A Million Cheers for the Most will continue past the new fish lift being built Carbon Rules at Milford Dam and far There’s no question that winter was too warm and spring upstream to reach prime too early in Maine this year. I wonder if you stood in your spawning and growing backyard like I did, concerned about the extraordinarily habitat in the cooler waters T ???? early appearance of perennials, migratory birds—and found in the Piscataquis ticks. It’s just plain eerie when nature isn’t “right.” The Great Works Dam this summer is first of three major and Pleasant rivers, and construction projects to significantly improve access to nearly NASA data confirms that the global average surface other tributaries that form 1000 miles of habitat for endangered Atlantic salmon and other species of sea-run fish. temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880. the headwaters of the More disturbing is that 9 of the 10 warmest years on Penobscot watershed. Endangered shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon will find record have occurred since the year 2000. There’s no denying that it’s getting new spawning habitat as far upriver as the ledges just below the Milford Dam, hotter, and we know why. regaining access to all of their historic spawning grounds and the fresh water Every year, American power plants dump more than two billion tons of that young sturgeon reside in the two years before they are ready for the dangerous carbon and other pollution into our air, causing the kind of climate saltwater of the estuary and Gulf of Maine. change we see around us. Dirty coal-fired power plants are the nation’s Recreation and Economic Revival largest source of carbon pollution. Experts tell us that this carbon forms a With the recovery of a river will come a renewal of opportunities for layer of pollution that blankets the Earth, trapping heat and causing rising the people who live in and visit this part of Maine. This brings us again to temperatures. One result is an increase in extreme weather events. the frolicking rapids at Basin Mills that provide a welcome hint at what the Another is the cost to our health. This changing climate leads to a wide river will look like in the areas now drowned by the Great Works and Veazie range of health problems including heat-related deaths and illnesses, and the impoundments, after dam removal. Whitewater paddlers are drawn to the continued spread of infectious diseases like Lyme disease. In fact, Americans challenging conditions at Basin Mills and will soon have two “new” stretches of now spend more than $100 billion every year on coal-related health care rapids to test their skills. Within a few months, canoeists will be able to ply the costs. It is past time to hold the dirtiest polluters accountable for this pollution. Penobscot waters from below Milford to the Eddington boat launch without a near Finally, the U.S. is taking action. The Environmental Protection Agency made impossible portage around Great Works, and, within a few years, after Veazie history in March by proposing the first-ever national limits on carbon pollution for Dam is gone, will be able to journey all the way to Penobscot Bay. Fishing guides new power plants. The standard limits all new power plants to 1,000 pounds of will have a more diverse river landscape and fisheries to provide a variety of carbon pollution per megawatt hour. Energy companies can meet this standard by options to their clients, and as the river attracts more recreational activity, the using cleaner energy sources and by employing modern technology. economic benefits will spill over to area lodging and outfitting businesses. Maine and several other states, and foreign countries, already limit The landscape alongside the river in Old Town and Bradley currently carbon pollution from new power plants. Approximately 20 coal plants that reflects the breadth of the community, industry, and homes side-by-side with are currently under development in the U.S. would be subject to the EPA’s pockets of forest, but with minimal recreational use of the river. Removal of new carbon pollution standard.
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