APPENDIX6 WORKSHOP

Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Roads OUTLINE OF THE SURVEY

Data Collection Survey on Traffic Improvement in - Survey are a Valley - Objectives of the Survey 1ST WORKSHOP - Work Schedule of the Survey - Contents of Interim Report INTERIM REPORT

27th April, 2012 H. Shinkai / JICA Survey Team

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Survey Area Objectives of the Survey

1))g, Review of the Existing Information, Studies, Plans and Projects 2) Basic Data Collection of Urban Plan 3) Tra ffic Survey an d Roa d Inven tory Survey 4))( Future Traffic Demand Forecast (Target Year: 2022) 5) Identification of Major Traffic Related Issue/Problems in 6) C ounterpart Tra in ing in Japan

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Work Schedule of the Survey CttContents ofIf Int eri m Repor t Calendar Month FY 2011 FY 2012 Work Item 1112123456789 [[]1] Preparatory Works and Data collection [2] Traffic S urvey & Data Processing Chapter 1: Introduction [3] Interim Report Chapter 2 : O verv iew o f Kat hman du Va lley [4] Analysis of Survey Results [5] Identification of Major Traffic Issues Chapter 3: Road Development Policy and Existing Plans DFR FR [6] Draft Final Report, Final Report

・ TrafficTraffi c Surveys Chappgter 4: Work Program and Method of Traffic Survey 1) Household Interview (18,000HH, sampling rate: 2.8%） 2) Roadside Interview (OD) Survey (17 places) 3) Traffic Count Survey (42 places) 4) Screen Line Survey (13 places) Chapter 5: Preliminary Result of Traffic Survey 5) Traffic Count Survey of Major Intersections (10 places) 6) Travel Speed Survey (10 routes) 7) Parking Survey (Along Ring Road) Chapter 6: Road Inventory Survey 8) Bus Traffic Count Survey (2 terminals) 9) Bus OD Surveyy( (2 terminals) 10) Bus Passenger Interview Survey (2,500 samples) 11) Public Transport Firm Interview Survey (100 firms) Chapter 7: Land-Use Survey and Urban Planning Study ・ Road Inventory Survey ・ Submission of Report (ICR, ITR, DFR, FR) ICR ITR DFR FR ・ WkhWorkshop WS1 WS2 ・ Technical Committee (To be discussed) TC1 TC2 TC3 ・ Tecnical Tour in Japan (8 C/P personels) 2weeks in Japan Legend : Field Survey Preparation, Analysis and Reprting 5 6

AP 6-1 Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Roads CONTENTS

Data Collection Survey on 2.1 Natural Conditions Traffic Improvement in Kathmandu Valley - Geographical Feat ure and Climate , Geology Geolog, Earthq uake , River and Hydrology ST 1 WORKSHOP 2.2 Socio-economy of Kathmandu Valley - AdiiAdministrati ve Di Diiivision, E conomi c P rofil e, PliPopulation Chapter 2 Overview of Kathmandu Valley Growth, and Social Conditions & Environment Issues 2.3 Transport Sector Status - RdStRoad Sector, VhilRitdVehicle Registered, an dPbliTd Public Transpor t 27th April, 2012 Sector H. Shinkai / JICA Survey Team

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2.1 Natural Conditions 2.1 Natural Conditions Geological Feature and Earthquake Toppgogra pyphy and Climate Earthquake Distribution Map in (1255-2010) of Kathmandu Valley Geological Characteristic of Kathmandu Valley Geological Features Topography and Climate Surrounded by mountains - Alluvial Soil of the Cenzonic Era wihith 2000m i n a h e ig ht Topography -Gokarma Formation 650sqkm. with an average altitude 1300m approx. - Chapagoan Formation 9ºC - 27ºC in summer - KliKalimati tiF Forma tion Temperature 2ºC -20ºC in winter Stratum: sand, river gravel and silt 75% humidity Thickness: 300m - 450m 7mm in November and 364mm in July Source : JICA Study on Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in the Kathmandu Valley, 2002 Monsoon season from July RifllRainfall to September Note: Many risk management studies for earthquake reported that a devastating earthquake will Mean annual rainfall hit the Kathmandu valley in the near future, leaving tens of thousands of residents homeless. 2000mm approx.

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2.1 Natural Conditions 2.2. Socio-economic Profile of Kathmandu Valley (1) Administrative Division of Kathmandu Valley River Conditions and Hydrology

There four (4) major rivers, Bagmati, Manahara, Bishnumati and Dhobi Khola, flowing through the heart of Katmandu City.

These rivers have a function not only as storm water drainage but also sewerage of Area of Kathmandu Valley encloses; Kathmandu valley. - 85% of - 50% of Lalitpur district - 100% of Bhaktapur district

Source: Kathmandu Valley Profile, by Pradip Raj Pant & Devendra Dongol 11 12

AP 6-2 2.2. Socio-economic Profile of Kathmandu Valley 2.2 Socio-economic Profile of Kathmandu Valley (2) Economic Profile of Nepal (3) Population Increase Key Macro -economic Indices National Population Census in 2001/2011 Paticular 2010 Particulars 2001 Census 2011 Census Increase Ratio Real GDP Billion NPR 616.2 Billion US$ 828.2 Area (sq. km) 147,000 147, 000 2011/2001 Average Growth Rate (5 years) % 4.4% Total 23,151,423 26,620,809 15.0% NRP Real GDP per caipta 21,864 Economic trend in the past two decades Population (person) Urban 3,227,879 13.9% 4,525,787 17.0% 40.2% US$ 293 Rural 19,923 ,544 86.1% 22,095 ,022 83.0% 10. 9% Nominal GDP Billion NPR 1,171.0 Average 157 181 15.3% Billion US$ 15.7 Population Density per Urban 985 1,380 40.1% Average Growth Rate (5 years) % 14.7% sq.km Per- capita Nominal GDP NRP 41,546 Rural 138 153 10. 9% US$ $558 Average 2.25% 1.40% Average Annual Growth Inflation (CPI) 9.0% Urban 6.65% 3.38% US$ Rate in past 10 years Exchange Rate 74.5 Rural 1.72 % 1..%03% DGP by Sector Agriculture % 32.6 Sex Ratio of Male per 100 Female 99.8 94.4 Industry % 15.8 Services and others % 51.6 Total 762,181 1,917,903 151.6% Population below Poverty % 24.7 Popp()ulation Absent (aboard) Male 679,469 89.1% 1,,,663,237 86.7% 144.8% Export (2009) Billon US$ 0.85 Female 82,712 10.9% 254,666 13.3% 207.9% Import (2208) Billon US$ 5.26 Housing Unit No. 3,598,212 4,767,196 32.5% Main Industryy( (Tourisim, ,g garment , food and beverages , Households No. 4,253,220 5,659,984 33.1% metal manufactures, herbs Average Household Size person 5.44 4.70 Source: ADB Key Indicators 2010, UNDP Human 13 Source: Preliminary Results of National Population and Housing Census 2011 14 Development Report 2010

2.2 Socio-economic Profile of Kathmandu Valley 2.2 Socio-economic Profile of Kathmandu Valley Population of Kathmandu Valley

Kathmandu Valley Population Census in 2011

Particulars Kathmandu District Bhaktapur District Lalitpur District Kathmandu Valley area % area % area % area % Total 395 43.9% 119 13.2% 385 42.8% 899 (100%) Area (km2) Urban 69 17.5% 18 15.1% 15 3.9% 102 11.3% Rural 342 82.5% 52 84.9% 370 96.1% 764 88.7% Total 1,740,977 69.3% 303,027 12.1% 466,784 18.6% 2,510,788 (100%) Population (person) Urban 1,072,726 61.6% 168,152 55.5% 223,285 47.8% 1,464,164 58.3% Rural 668,251 38.4% 134,875 44.5% 243,499 52.2% 1,046,626 41.7% Total 4,407 2,546 1,212 3,184 (average) Population Density Urban 15,547 9,342 14,886 14,355 (average) (/k2)(person/km2) Rural 1,954 2,594 658 1,370 (average) Total 4.87% 3.00% 3.28% 4.32% (average) Average Annual Growth Rate Urban 4.17% 3.41% 3.17% 3.92% (average) (past 10 years) Rural 6.11% 252%2.52% 337%3.37% 4.89% (average) Sex Ratio of Male per 100 Female 109 103 103 106 (average) Total 97,626 7,701 23,790 129,117 (total) Population Absent (aboard) Male 69,434 71.1% 7,588 98.5% 16,936 71.2% 93,960 72.8% Female 28,192 28. 9% 113 15%1.5% 68546,854 28.8% 35,159 27.2% Housing Unit No. 242,274 66.1% 50,586 13.8% 73,643 20.1% 366,503 (total) Households No. 469,145 71.4% 73,084 11.1% 114,443 17.4% 656,672 (total) Average Household Size person 3.71 4.15 4.08 3.94 (average) Source: Pre lim inary R esult s of N ati onal P opul ati on and Hous ing Census 2011 Note: Urban area includes five (5) municipalities, Kathmandu, , Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Thimi 15 16

2.2. Socio-economic Profile of Kathmandu Valley 2.3 Transport Sector Status

(4) Social Conditions and Environment Issues (1) Road Sector Status of Kathmandu Valley Social Conditions and Environmental Issues Social Conditions History King of Gorkha united Kathmandu Valley in 1768 Road Jurisdiction and Classification Religion 80% Hindus, 15% Buddhist, 3% Muslim, 2% others Kathmandu Bhaktapur Lalitpur People Majority: Indo-Arian, the rest: Tibetan and Lopas Jurisdiction Classification Total Remarks The ancient and traditional culture being maintained by District District District Culture Hindu and Buddhist communities Higgyhway 39.9 14.1 18.0 72.0 H02, H03, H16 Environmental Issues Feeder Road (Primary) 136.0 70.5 112.6 319.0 14 Feeder roads Department of Open sewer and disposal of waste lead to the sever Feeder Road (Secondary) 45.1 27.0 0.0 72.1 22 Feeder roads River pollution Road (DOR) pollution of all the rivers in Kathmandu Strategic Urban Road 59.6 4.9 27.2 91.7 59 Urban Roads IfhiliidkfhIncrease of vehicles emission and smoke from the Air pollution Total 280.5 116.5 157.8 554.8 cement factory lead to serious air pollution Local District Road 400.4 36.0 90.6 527.0 Illegal dumping of waste in the riverbank, public land, Solid waste disposal Government/ Urban Road 269.6 116.0 127.3 512.9 unpp,ylanned settlement, etc. is very common MiiliMunicipality TlTotal 670. 0 152. 0 217. 9 103991,039.9 Inadequate and insufficient road network are creating Traffic congestion 950.5 268.5 375.7 1,594.7 sever traffic congestion on city roads Total Cultural heritages are eroding and being converted into Road Density per sq.km 2.41 2.26 0.98 1.77 Loss of cultural heritage private building and property Road Dens ity per 1000 person 0.55 0.89 0.80 0.64 Gaps in supply and Rapid population and urbanization increase demands for Source: DOR Statistic of Strategic Road Network 2009/2010 demands for basic basic services including water, electricity, road, drainage, services housing, etc

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AP 6-3 2.3 Transport Sector Status 2.3 Transport Sector Status

Road Network Map in Kathmandu Valley

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2.3 Transport Sector Status 2.3 Transport Sector Status

Road Length by Type of Surface Road Density per sq.km and per 1,000 person

350.0 Earthen Road 300.0 Gravel road Black top 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 Road Road Road Road dary) dary) dary) dary) hway hway hway hway

mary) mary) mary) mary) g g g g i i i i n n n n n n n n Hi Hi Hi Hi

(Pr (Pr (Pr (Pr

Urba Urba Urba Urba (seco (seco (seco (seco

Road Road Road Road

ational ational ational ational oad oad oad oad r r r r egic egic egic egic t t t t R R R R N N N N e e e e

Stra Stra Stra Stra Feed Feed Feed Feed Feeder Feeder Feeder Feeder Katmandu District Bhaktapur District Lalitpur District Whole Katmandu Valley 21 22

2.3 Transport Sector Status 2.3 Transport Sector Status (2) Vehicles Registered Vehicle Registered in Bagmati Zone (2000-2010)

Vehicles Registered in Bagmati Zone (2000-2010) Number of Vhicles Registered (1989-2010) Bus、Mini, Year Car/Jeep/Van Motorcycle Truck/others Total Accumulative Bagmati Zone Micro&Tempo ((,pKathmandu, Bhaktapur 570,145 48.4% 1989- 2000 10,150 44,777 89,782 7,453 152,162 152,162 and Lalitpur districts) 2001 710 2,649 22,852 782 26,993 179,155 Other 13 Zones 608,650 51.6% 2002 760 2,999 21,558 811 26,128 205,283 Nepal (Total) 1, 178,795 100% 2003 10821,082 67886,788 18,035 561 26,466 231,749 Source: Registration of Transport up to Fiscal Year 2010, 2004 1,353 12,287 20,003 512 34,155 265,904 Department of Transport Management 2005 1,048 3,603 21,604 1,070 27,325 293,229 Note: 2006 868 4,235 33,022 678 38,803 332,032 - There is the registration record of 2007 1,086 6,601 38,852 1,237 47,776 379,808 vehicle but no scraped car record in 2008 1,214 6,019 35,365 1,891 44,489 424,297 Nepp,al, therefore, it is difficult g rasp 2009 912 9,471 69,359 2,096 81,838 506,135 the exact number of a vehicle in 2010 737 8,069 53,960 1,244 64,010 570,145 working condition. Total 19,920 107,498 424,392 18,335 570,145 - If we assumed the car registered 3.5% 18.9% 74.4% 3.2% 100% more than 20 years ago (120,000) to Source: DOTM Report (2010/2011) be a scraped car, the current effective Note: The share of vehicles for private transportation (car/jeep/van and registration number is estimated to motorcycle) came to very high, more than 93%. On the other hand, the number be 1,050,000 approx. of buses registered for public transport has decreased year byyear and the share of it accounts for only 3.5% as of 2010. 23 24

AP 6-4 2.3 Transport Sector Status 2.3 Transport Sector Status (3) Public Transport Growth of Vehicle Registered in Bagmati Zone Presen t pu blic t ransport syst em of K ath mand u V all ey; - Public transport : buses, mini buses, micro buses and tempo - Service level: far below satisfactory level - Transportation-poor: People who cannot use any mode of transport is increasing due to growing demand of public Annual Increase ratio of Motorcycle: 20% approx. transport Bus network services; - City bus services: within the built -up areas of Kathmandu valley generally within the Ring Road - Ctbi10Commuter bus services: 1.0-1.5 hrs. t rave lling di st ance b eyond the built-up areas to town and villages in Kathmandu valley - LdibLong distance bus servi iKhddiidces; Kathmandu and cities and town 25 throughout Nepal 26

2.2. Transport Sector Status Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Roads Responsible Agency and Issues of Public Traffic; - Department of Transport Management (DoTM) Data Collection Survey on - Function of DoTM is limited to: Issuing public transport Traffic Improvement in routes permits, vehicle registration, transfer of vehicle Kathmandu Valley ownership - NlNo planni ng and dthiltiithDt technical sections in the Department tf for 1ST WORKSHOP promoting a public transport development plan and thilitechnical issues on envi ronment tt, etc. - The structure of DoTM will be strengthened through the Chapter 3 Road Development Policy and Existing Plans impl ementati on of KSUTP - Issues: Absolute shortage in fleet numbers for growing traffic demand, Insufficient service routes and unbalanced 27th April, 2012 size of demand, Non-systematic bus operation and no- H. Shinkai / JICA Survey Team coordinat ing among th e bus compani es, No-tiblime table , route map and fare-rate. 27

CHAPTER 3 3.1 Latest Policy of Road Development CONTENTS 3.1.1 Twenty Year Road Plan 1. Formulating the 20-Year Development Concept from Tenth Plan to Thirteenth Plan, Twenty Year Road Plan (2002 - 2021) 3.1 Latest Policyyp of Road Development 2. Major objectives • Strengthening political and administrative linkages • Poverty alleviation 3.2 Road Network Development Plan in 1993 • Development and utilisation of social, economic and cultural potentials • Minimisation of total transportation cost and minimisation of adverse effects on the M/P and Subsequent Progress environment 3.1.2 Sector Wide Road Programme & Priority Investment Plan 1. This study is primarily concerned with the maintenance and development of 3.3 Existing Major Road Improvement Project the SRN to prepare a 10 year priority investment plan (2007-2016) 2. Majjjor objectives • Regular Annual Maintenance and Periodic Maintenance Plan • Upgradin g to Sealed Standards Plan • Expansion / Extension Plan by New Construction, Network Strengthening and 29 Improvement 30

AP 6-5 3.1 Latest Policy of Road Development 3.2 Road Network Development Plan in 1993 M/P and Subsequent Progress

3.1.3 Business Plan 3.2.1 Development concept of 1993 M/P 1. Latest Road Development Plan in DOR • Bus in ess p lan was pu blished on 2010 b ased on the pe rf ormance evaluation of Three Year Interim Plan-I (2007-2010) and covering the ppplan period of Three Year Interim Plan-II (2010-2013) 2. Objectives • DlDevelopmen tfSRNt of SRN • Sustainable and efficient road service by managing main arterial road netkliktldtwork, links to rural roads. • Connectivity in potential touristic, hydropower, natural resources dldevelopmen t areas and itinternati onal ltd trade rout es. • Contributing towards the betterment of living conditions of the people through h th e a bove deve lopmen t

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3.2 Road Network Development Plan in 1993 M/P and 3.2 Existing Major Road Improvement Project Subsequent Progress 3.3.1 Bhaktapur – Dhulikel Road Widening Project 3.2.2 Implemented Projects after 1993 JICA M/P

Designed by DOR finance

1. Bhaktapur-Dhulikel Road Widening Project was planned by DOR to mitigate the amount of plying the route of Kathmandu- Naubise- Birgunj as an alternative route 2. Detailed Engineering Survey and Design of Widening of Road to Six Lane Standard including Initial Environmental Examination, Preparation of contract documents for execution of construction works and preparation of Detailed Project Report were completed on 2011.

33 34

3.2 Existing Major Road Improvement Project 3.2 Existing Major Road Improvement Project

3.3.2 Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project (KSUTP) This report proposed 4 major improvement components comprising Public Transport, Traffic 3.3.3 Ring Road Improvement Project Management, Pedestrianisation and Air Quality. Based on these components , this project mainly 1. The existing Ring Road is characterized with rapid growth of the settlement on focuses on the issues due to lack of adequate public transport management and poor conditions either side and high volume of traffic. Presently, the encroachment of the Ring experienced by pedestrians within Kathmandu Valley Core Area. Road, unaccounted number of access and poor service track have heightened the * GEF: Global Environment Facility Proposed by ADB finance and Implementation will be financed by ADB, GON and GEF polluti on i n th e road corrid or and si gnifi cantl y red uced th e vehi cul ar traffi c speed .

1. Two Pilot Routes for Public Bus Operation 2. Improvement of Inner Ring Road including Bishnumati Link 2. To address these issues, the KVTDC has initiated and studied the Ring Road Road and Southern extension project Improvement Project comprising development and improvement of Service Track , conservation and management of Green Belts, Intersection improvement of access road with Ring Road and installment of Road Furniture such as parking facilities for publi c vehi cl es i n 2003 . China reviewed the design and Implementation will be financed by China

35 36 Source from KSUTP Final Report Source from KSUTP Final Report Planned Typical Cross Section (10 lanes)

AP 6-6 3.2 Existing Major Road Improvement Project 3.2 Existing Major Road Improvement Project

3.3.4 Outer Ring Road Development Project 3.3.5 Flyover at 5 Major Intersection Project

1. Prefeasibility study 1. Old Baneshwor Chowk of Outer Ring Road 2. New Baneshwor Chowk was conducted by 3. Thapathali Chowk NEPECON i n 2000 . 4. Tripureshwor Chowk 2. Total length for latest 5. Kalimati Chowk alignment is 72 km

Detailed Project Report conducted by DOR and Implementation will be financed by DOR 37 38 Latest Alignment for Outer Ring Road

3.2 Existing Major Road Improvement Project Ministry of Physical Planning and Works 3.3.6 Kathmandu Valley Road Widening Projects conducted by GON Department of Roads

Data Collection Survey on Traffic Improvement in Kathmandu Valley

1ST WORKSHOP

Chapter 4 WkiWorking Programme andMd Meth o d o f Traffic Survey Chapter 5 Preliminary Result of Traffic Survey

27th April, 2012 In recent months after the end of 2011, Improvement of major roads within Kathmandu Valley Y. Ohwaki / JICA Survey Team Core A rea has b een cond ucted especi all y f or l and preparati on work s ad mi ni strated b y KVTDC cooperated with Municipality, MTP and DOR to facilitate the substantial progress. The houses which encroach within Right of Way have been dismantling. 39

1. Outline of Traffic Survey CONTENTS 1. Objective of Traffic Survey (1) To grasp the variation of traffic movement from 1. Outline of Traffic Survey 1993 M/P 2. Survey Method and Preliminary Result (2) To analyze the characteristics and issues of 1) HhldSHousehold Survey transport in Kathmandu Valley 2) Traffic Survey (3) To formulate basic data for traffic demand in future 3) Bus Traffic Survey 2. Basic Policy for Traffic Survey 3. Major Findings and Traffic Issues (1) Consistency with the traffic survey in 1993 MP 1) Road Traffic (2) Reflection of urbanization in recent years 2) Public Transport (3) Traffic surveys which considers countermeasure for improving existing traffic condition 41 42

AP 6-7 1. Outline of Traffic Survey 1. Outline of Traffic Survey

3. Survey Schedule Traffic Survey Items 2011 2012 November December January Feburary 1. Home Interview Survey Preparation of traffic Suevwy 2. Traffic Survey Household Interview Survey Traffic Survey 2.1 Roadside OD Interview Survey Roadside Interview (OD) Survey 2. 2 Traffic Volume Survey TffiCTraffic Count S urvey 2.3 Screen Line Survey Screen Line Survey 2.4 Traffic count survey of major intersections Traffic Count of Major Intersection Travel Speed Survey 2.5 Vehicle Speed Survey Parking Survey 2.6 Parking Survey Bus Transppyort Survey 3. Bus Transport Survey Bus Traffic Count Survey Bus OD Suevey 3.1 Bus Traffic Count Survey Bus Passenger Survey 3.2 Bus OD Survey Public Transport Fiem Interview Survey 3.3 Bus Passenger Interview Survey Data Entry and Reporting 3.4 Public Transport Firm Interview Survey Field Survey Office Work 43 44

2. Survey Method and Preliminary Result (1) Household Interview Survey

(1) Household Interview Survey Household Information Member Information

Questionnaire for Interview Sheet No.: Sheet No.: KATHMANDU VALLEY TRAFFIC SURVEY KATHMANDU VALLEY TRAFFIC SURVEY HOUSEHOLD INTERVIEW SURVEY（HIS） HOUSEHOLD INTERVIEW SURVEY（HIS） HOME INTERVIIEW SURVEY（HIS） ------

FORM-1: HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION Instruction:: Onlly to be complleted by Head off Householld FORM-2: HOUSEHO LD MEMBER INFORMATION Instruction: To be complletted ffor Every Householld Memberr aged 5 & above.. 1. Name o f Household Head: 1 Male 1. Age 2. Gender - Household Information 2 Female

Basic Concept of the Survey 2. Address (Please write complete present Address): 3. Do you have a permanent driving license 1 Yes Area/Street for car ？ 2 No

4. Do you have a vehicle for your own use? 1 Yes Ward No./VDC Name Municipality/District 2 No

Vehicle ownership 5. Please Encircle Type of Vehicle, if answer to Q４ is Yes Landmark (near the house): ______1 Bicycle 4 Car 7 Minibus 2 Mot orcycle 5 Taxi 8 Bus 3. Telephone Number (O p t io n a l) : Ot hers ３ Tempo 6 Truck 9 (Specify):______Landline Cell No.: No.:  6. Answer this question only for private car commuters. Please encircle main reasons why you Person trip survey is based on the idea that use a private car for commuting compared to bus services? (multiple answers are Ok) 4. Total number of household (HH) members Household Income 1 Travel time by private car is shorter than buses. S. No. Description In Kat hmandu 2 Travel cost by private car is cheaper than buses. 1. Under 5 years ３ Bus servic e is not provided for c ommut ing hours . 2. 5 years & Above 4 Bus service is provided, but its frequency is lit tle. 3. Helpers , maids, drivers, servant s 5 Bus service is provided, but is unstable for time-schedule. etc (permanently residing) 6 Bus servic e is provided, but is unc omfort able for conges tion in bus. person’s movement is the source of traffic. 5. Total number of vehicles in household (HH) 7 Ot hers ((pSpecify) :______

Numbe r o f Ve hi c le s - Household Member Information 7. Please Encircle Type of your occupation? S. No. Vehicle Type Given by offic e / ot hers Own 1 Employer 4 Own account worker 7 Student (lease, rent etc) 2 Employee 5 Unpaid family worker 1 Bicycle Ot hers 8 Unemployed (Specify):______2 Motorcycle 3 (J obless ) 6 Housekeeper 3 Tempo 8. Name and Address of your work place or school/college/university? 4 Car Name Area/Street  In order to formulate comprehensive Sex, Age 5 Taxi

6 Minibus Ward No./VDC Name Municipality/District 7 Bus

8 Truck Land Mark Ot hers 9 (S p e c ify): ______

Occupation 6. Monthly househo ld income (including foreign remittances, rent, 9. What is your mont hly income (including foreign remittances, rent, transppport master plan in Kathmandu Valley, investments, pension etc in Nepali Rupees) – Select from Table A investments, p ension etc in Nep ali Rup ees) – Select from Table A

person trip survey is most appropriate Workplace, School D raft 31 -1 0-2011 versio n D raft 31 -1 0-2011 versio n Trip Information

- Trip Information Sheet No. Household ID Me m be r I D method for the analysis and the forecast of FO RM-3: TRIP INFORMATION(Continued) Instructiion: To be complletted fforr Every Householld Memberr aged 5 & above.. Start Place: If 3, Specify Mode Area / Street: 1. Ho m e Purpose: Mode Self Write the name of bus 2. Workplace / School (select from Table B) Seq. (Table Driven ______te rmin a l u s e d 3. Others C) (Y/N) Trip purpose If 3, specify Departure st Place Category Time: 1 ______(If P lace C ategory is 9, specify) Ward/VDC Arrival nd transport. 2 Time:

Destination Place: Area /Street: Muni./Dist rd 1. Home 3

2. Workplace / School

Ward/VDC 3. Others Land Mark: 4 th Origin and Destination

______Plac e Category th Munici./Dist. ( I f Place C ateg ory i s 9 , s pe c ify ) 5

______Lan d Mar k  If 3, Specify Mode Household interview survey was conducted ______Purpose: Area / Street: Self Mode Write the name of bus (select from Table B) Seq. (Table Driven DDttidileparture time and arrival ______te rmin a l u s e d C) (Y/N) Departure st Plac e Categor y: Time: 1 ______Arrival Ward/VDC nd 1. Ho m e Time: 2

2. Sch o o l / U n ive rs ity / E d u ca tio n Pla ce Destination Place: rd 3. Office 1. Home Muni./Dist 3 to obtain the information of persons’ 4. Fa c to r y / W a r e h o us e 2. Workplace / School time 3. Others 5. Shop / Shopping Center / Market Land Mark: 4 th

6. Re s t a u ra n t / O t h e r En t e rt ai n men t 7. Ho s pita l / C lin ic / Disp e n sa ry Plac e Category ______th 5 8. Religious Places ( I f Place C ateg ory i s 9 , s pe c ify )

9. Others

(Sp ecify):______Det ails of all Trips perf ormed on: movements. Travel Mode Day Month Year

Total Trips Performed:

Access mode Draft 31-10-20 11 version 45 46

(1) Household Interview Survey (1) Household Interview Survey – Survey Result REMARKSREMARKS •• Household interview survey is a sample survey. 1) Vehicle Ownership •• 18,,,100 households out of 643,300 households* in 2011 in  Motorcycle is spreading among ordinary households. Survey Area were interviewed. In average, 7 households out of 10 households are in * * Estimated by Survey Team based on preliminary result of 2011 Population possession of one motorcycle. CensusCensus  463 thousand motorcycles are owned in Survey Area. •• Collected data is now under processing which includes  Comppyared with motorcycle, car owner is still fewer. procedu re for data ex pansion. •• Today’s report is by the data before Motorcycle Car Truck expansion.expansion. Ownership Level 0.721 0.085 0.008 (vehicle/household) Estimated Total Sample Ratio Population 5years Interviewed Estimated Total 463,600 54,700 5,100 and above in 2011 Household Number of Vehicle Members 2,235,900 72,062 3.2% 47 48

AP 6-8 2) Income level and Vehicle Ownership 3) Travel Mode – Comparison with 1993 M/P  Vehicle ownership is closely connected with income  2.8 times increase of motorcycle. Large part of level. walking and bicycle was replaced by motorcycle.  As the income level grows up, both motorcycle and  Proportion of car has not almost changed. car will increases.  Measures to control Motorcycle is one of the key  Tempo and Bus decreased a little. Minibus replaced issues in Kathmandu. the decrease.

1.600

1.400

1.200

1.000 cle/household) (vehi

0.800 Motorcycle Car 0.600 Ownership

e 0.400 Vehicl

0.200

00000.000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 Monthly Income (NRS./household) 49 50

4) Rough Estimation of Present Person Trip 5) Population and Trip Generation/Attraction  1993 M/P shows total number of person trip generated by population in Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur N.P. • Population of Kathmandu N. P. occupies 38% of  Rough estimation of person trip in 2012 indicates number Survey area. of trips has doubled. • Trip generation/attraction of Kathmandu N. P.  Person trip by motorcycle increased by 5 .8 times and car occupies 48% of Survey area. increased by 2.8 times. • Evidently Kathmandu N.P. is focus of every activity in Kathmandu Valley.

2,010,000 Proportion of Population Proppgportion of trip generation/attraction

1,020,480

51 52

2) Roadside Interview (OD) Survey (2) Traffic Survey 18points, Total No. of Interviews: 17,139 out of 1) Outline of Traffic Survey from 6:00 – 22:00(16hr) 285,783 vehicles Sample Ratio: 6.0%

Type of Survey Objective Method/Result Location Map of Roadside Interview (OD) Survey

Roadside interview To capture vehicle’s origin, Interview to drivers at survey points on No. Date Road Location Time 1 29-Dec Road near Budhanilkantha, at curved road 6:00-22:00 (OD)Survey destination, trip purpose and etc. 18 arterial roads (17,139 drivers are 2 28-Dec Sankhu Road Near Bagmati Bridge, , on Sankhu Road 6:00-22:00 interviewed) on 1 workday 3 23-Dec Arniko Highway Koteshwar, before Jadhibuti junction 6:00-22:00 4 22-Dec Lubhu Road after Ashowk Stupa 6:00-22:00 5 20-Dec Godawari Road near NAST Office 6:00-22:00 Traffic count survey To count traffic volume on Traffic counts by direction and by type of 6 21-Dec Chapagaun Road near Open space, approx 500m south of Ring Road 6:00-22:00 7 18-Dec Road before reaching TU Gate 6:00-22:00 workday an d ho liday vehic les 1 8 3-Jan Tribhuvan Highway Near Kalanki PetrolPump, Kalanki - Road 6:00-22:00 10-2 9 26-Dec Sundarijal Road Sundarijal Road 6:00-22:00 10-1 (44points, 24hours & 16hours, workday 10-1 01-Jan Trisuli Road Near Trisuli Bus Park after Bypass 6:00-22:00 10-2 2-Jan Road near Trisuli Road 6:00-22:00 & holiday) 9 11 5-Jan Arniko Highway At Sallagari, Bhaktapur 6:00-22:00 2 12 6-Jan Thimi Road before reaching Bhakapur 6:00-22:00 13 8-Jan Nagarkot Road near Bus stop 6:00-22:00 Screen line survey To confirm accuracy of person Traffic count at the crossing river points Tribhuvan International 14 9-Jan Arniko Highway Nagkhel, near Basbari 6:00-22:00 trip survey by counting number of (10points, 24hours, 1 workday) Airport 15 4-Jan Tribhuvan Highway Thankot CheckPost 6:00-22:00 16 16 27-Dec Airport EntranceNearpresent security check point 6:00-22:00 vehicles crossing rivers 15 17 10-Jan Arniko Highway Near small Bridgeafter crossing Banepa 6:00-22:00 8 Traffic count survey To grasp the saturation at major Traffic count by vehicle type and by 7 12 13 3 of major intersections intersetions direction(straight, left-turn, right-turn) at 11 10 major intersections 4 14 5 Travel speed survey To analyze vehicle speed Investigation of travel time by driving 18 6 affected by traffic congestion arterial roads(3 times per day, workday 17 & holiday) Parking survey To capture parking demand of Counting number of parking vehicles heavy vehicles along Ring Road at midnight(11pm-3am) 53 54

AP 6-9 Result of Roadside OD Survey 3) Traffic Volume Count Survey Traffic Survey No. of points Trip Purpose Average number of Passengers 24h & 16h 15 8008.00 7.08 To Wor k: 50% 2.1% 0.1% 1.6% 7.00 Location Map of Traffic Volume Count Survey 16h 29 6.00 5.00 Approx. 2 passengers 4.00 50.3% 22.8% 8.4% 9.8% Total 44 3003.00 1.91 2272.27 1.99 1.99 2.00 1.06 1.00 0.00 1.8% 3.2% po axi cle Car icle icle y T m h h 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Te Ve Ve

to Work to School to Home Business Shopping to Meals Motorc Light

Heavy Leisure/Recreation Medical/Treatment Others

Heavy Truck 0240.24 0140.14 0310.31 0100.10 0180.18

Light Truck 0.40 0.21 0.24 0.05 0.07

Taxi 0.51 0.12 0.21 0.04 0.10

Car 0.37 0.29 0.17 0.04 0.10

Tempo 0.97 0.01

Motorcycle 0.48 0.28 0.11 0.03 0.08 LEGEND 24hrs+16hrs count (Traf f iVolume Count Survey) Same Locations as Roadside Interview(OD) Survey 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 16hrs count (Traf f iVolume Count Survey) 1. Every day(Over 2 times) 2. Every day (1 time) 3. A few days per week 4. Once per week 5. A few days per month 6. Once per month SameLocationsasRoadsideInterview(OD)Survey 24hrs+16hrs count (Traf f iVolume Count Survey)

Trip Frequency 16hrs Count (Traf f iVolume Count Survey) more than once a day: 60% of the car, taxi and light truck 55 56

Traffic Volumes (vehicles/24h) Comparison of Traffic Volumes with MP1993 (1) Traffic Volume (vehicles/24h)

d d a a d o a o o R R LEGEND g a aR h N n h 34 t u k n National Highway F t Max. Traffic Volume: a 0 o k 21 u l : T i T : n Feeder Road (Primary) r Ph a 2 Comparison of Traffic Volume at 29 Points with 1991 i s : h d u 8 d a li 0 u o 1 0 R Feeder Road (Secondary) Ro 8 B l 8 F a 0 : 94,689j veh/24h a i d 0 5 r F 43 2 a Main Urban Road F 0 nd F u 44 : S 27 Secondary Urban Road 12 F0 (Thapathali) Motor- Microbus, Passenger Light Heavy 19 Bicycle Tempo Taxi Large Bus Total 4 8 8 5 8 0 8 0 6 F F02 0 F cycle Mini-Bus Car Truck Truck F 18 36 F 25 0 d 78 a 11 22 Ro ng S10 Ri 35 1991 88,186 63,037 46,469 26,699 10,559 5,116 42,827 10,454 6,710 300,057 : 6 F 081 1 0 H F d 2 nkhu Roa 1 F026: Sa F 4 S9 33 0 7 5 : B 2012 53,843 570,641 13,397 51,674 68,839 5,625 125,240 41,667 8,785 939,711 h im d 10 h u S8 n g a 21 R 9 2012/1991 0.61 9.05 0.29 1.94 6.52 1.10 2.92 3.99 1.31 3.13 o a S7 d 17

F 9 0 8 9 S6 0 F 4 7 8 24 32 8 0 F

7 2

9

3 0 6 F 29 S1 S2 S5 31 1 2 S4 3 1 9 y 16 0 Thankot a 0 w F igh H F1 H 28 van 03 bu F1 Tri 01 2: H0 F 40 086: Thim d 4 5 S3 i Ro a 0 ad t Ro 1 rlo F ga 38 Na 15 28: 30 F0 F0 14 97 F090 27 H03: 37 Araniko Highway

3 0 4 0 1 1 F F 26 13 F091 39

F 0

0 1

d 1 1

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9 a 9

o 23 F 3

R 9 : Banepa 41

li 20 0 a B F F F k 0 07

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2 a d 3

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a a LEGEND

2 o

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a Traffic Volume (veh/24h)

g

a a

Scale u upto 10,000 n

00.51.01.5 2.0 km R

o 10,000 to 20,000

a d 20,000 to 30,000 30,000 to 60,000 57 58 more than 60,000

Comparison of Traffic Volumes with MP1993 (2) Comparison of Traffic Volumes with MP1993 (3)

d LEGEND oa North-east R d 34 N F g 0 a National Highway 21 n 4.97 : u Tr t Ro d Section i u Feeder Road (Primary) s a oa North Section u h R li h 7,740 l R P k a o d ij Feeder Road (Secondary) a : 1 o a ar d 8 T o 1,588(B1) d 0 n 80 43: R u F S Main Urban Road 0 2 a : Point 2 F h 7 44 8 t 2 Inside Ring Rd. Point 2 0 n 0 a F Secondary Urban Road 12 F k 9.45 il n (Arterial) a h d 1991 5,463 19 u 1991 3,506 10,910 B 14,025 : 5 2 5,423(B23) 0 4 8 F Point 12 2,893(B24) 8 8 0 0 F026 2001 20,491 F 5 3.54 8 F Traffic Volume(vehicles/16h) 2001 27,130 18 F0 36 2,050 F 1 25 0 2.01 11 8 except Bicycle & Motorcycle 1991 213,219 7 F 22 8 0 0 579(B9) ad 2 F Ratio 3.75 o 2,494 1 R khu Roa3d5 Ratio 7.74 ng F026: San Ri 6: 264(B10) 33 4 H1 15,998 2001 468,697 F0 7 5: B 3.10 12,653(B25) Ring Road h 5,233 im 10 d h 3,970 Ratio 2.20 u n 1,261(B2) ga 9 21 R 1,279(B22) 22,376 Point 2 oa d 17

22,048(B27) F

0 9 9 2,986 1.48 8 4 1991 12, 221 8 24 7 0 32 8 F 2,013(B20) 0 Inside Ring Rd. 26,574 27,743 F 7 (Feeder) 2001 84,201 21,916(B26) 12,994(B28) 2 East Section 3 9 y wa 6 0 igh 1.58 29 F n H 31 uva 1 ri2b 23,467 3 Point 12 2: T 6,576 Point 1 Ratio 6.89 H0 9 16 H03 0 14,814(B19) F 3.29 F1 3,347(B29) 1 01 28 0 6,556 1 1.35 1991 25,868 1991 4,758 F 40 5,649 F086 28,604 : Thi 1,990(B15) 4 5 mi R 0 oad 6.11 1 3,564(B8) oad F 21,187(B17) t R 7 2001 123,613 4.67 38 arlo 2001 12,438 15 3,088 Nag 3 30 28: 0 23,717 H03: Ara F0 F 14 1 niko Highway 09 2,449 F 505(B12) 7 5,649 F09 27 37 0 4.59 5,076(B3) 273(B13) Ratio 4.80 Ratio 2.61 1,991(B7) 4 0 1 17,916 F F 09 1 12,335 13 26 5.32 3,903(B16) 2,872(B11) 39 4,475 6,862

F West Section

1 0 LEGEND

0 0

d 841(B4) 1 986(B1

3 a 9

o 23 F : R 2.75 F0 growth9 rate of traffic volume

B 7

li 20 2: 0

u a u k 6.48 Lu F

n b Point 1 in hu Traffic Volume (vehicles/16h) from 1993 to 2012 sh g 4,327 R k m oa

a d South Section a

D 6,540 F except Motor-cycle & Bicycle : t 1,573(B5)

2 0 <1.5 i 2 2

0 R

F 1,010(B6) 3 1991 6,977

o F1

: Traffic Volume in 2012

a C 4,475 0 d F Point 4

h 2 0 a 2 1.5 < 2.5 4 Traffic Volume in 1993

p : 841(B4)

a G 2001 23,411

g o a d Scale a Survey Point in 1993 u w 2.5 < 1991 15,098

n a

00.51.01.5 2.0 km r R

R i R o o a a 2.5 < (highest top 5) Ratio 3353.35 d d 2001 63,640 Ratio 4.21 59 60

AP 6-10 DegreeDegree of Traffic Congestionof Traffic Congestion

d d a 4) Screen Line Survey a d o a o o R R R LEGEND g a a h N n h 1.62 34 t u k n National Highway F t Highest Degree 0 a 2 u lk 1 To i : h T : n Feeder Road (Primary) r P a i 2 s : h d u 8 d a li 0 u o 1 0 R Feeder Road (Secondary) R 8 B l o 8 F a a 0 : of Trafficij Congestion d 0 5 r F 43 0.97 2 a Main Urban Road F 0 nd F u 44 1.04 : S 27 Secondary Urban Road 2.17 12 F0 4344.34 19

3.01 4 8 8 8 Razimpat 5 0 8 0 6 F 0 F02 F F 18 1.20 36 F 25 0.71 07 11 8 ad 22 3.02 3.40 Ro 1 S10 ng Ri 3.82 8 4.34 35 : 0 6 F 1 F ad 1.65 0 1.17 hu Ro H F026: Sank 4 2 S9 33 F 1 0 7 3.97 5 : B 0.69 h 2.24 im 10 1.63 d h S8 u n g a 21 R 9 3.62 o a S7 d 17 1.63 3.07 2.64 F 9 0 8 9 S6 2.78 1.40 0 F 4 7 8 2.60 24 32 8 0 2.57 F 2.14 Traffic No. of 7 2

9 2.40 3 0 0.90 6 2.42 F 29 2.26 31 S1 S2 2.47 S5 Survey points 1 2 1.05 S4 3 0.83 4.25 9 16 0 ay 3.18 2.78 Thankot w H F igh 1 1.89 03 n H 0 28 uva 1 F rib F 10 : T 1 24h 10 2 1.63 H0 F 40 086: 2.52 Thim d 4 1.75 5 S3 i Ro a 0 ad t Ro 0.81 1 rlo F ga 38 Na 15 1.03 28: 30 F0 F 14 09 H03: 37 7 2.44 1.78 F09 27 2.39 Araniko Highway 0 4.11 3 0 0.92 1 4 F 0 F 1 0 F 9 1 13 26 2.29 39 3.06 1.39

F 0 0

d 1 1.41 1

0 a 9

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R F 9 : 41

li 20 0 0 Banepa 1.02

a B 2 F

k 4 F0 u

in u : 72 n : sh 2.15 G Lu

k g o b

a F d h Dhulikhel 42 0.70 m u

D 0 a R

: o 2 w

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R F C R

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a 2 d d

p LEGEND

a g

a Degree of

Scale u n

00.51.01.5 2.0 km R Traffic Congestion

o a

a 0<1.0 d 1.0 < 2.0 2.0 < 3.0 3.0 < 4.0 61 62

Traffic Volumes across Total Traf f iVolume (pcu/24h) crossing Screen Line Screen Line 5) Intersection Traffic Count Survey • Lack of Capacity across Screen

S10 Line S9 Lack of Capacity: 154,624  Eastern Line6 154,624 S8 (pcu/24h) 168,995 Lack of 5 crossing (pcu/ points (pcu/24h) S7 24h) Capacity: bridges 6 crossing S6 points necessary

S2  Western Line5 S1 S5 S4

)

4h 5 bidbridges 2 5

4 u/ , S3 c 7

p 6 necessary ( LkfLack of  SthLiSouthern Line2 Capacity: 2 crossing bridges points necessary AM PM No. of points 7:00- 15:00- 10 10:00 18:00 63 64

6) Travel Speed Survey Saturated Intersections Location Map of Travel Speed Survey N • 10 major AM PM Balaju Inetrsection AM Peak 1.85 F 0 1.85 1.64 Route 12 7 KATHMANDU intersections are PM Peak 1.64 7 Route 5 D Route 11 DISTRICT Route 13

Sorakhutte Intersection AM PM 6 02 SCALE saturated Chabahil Intersection Route 5 5

AM Peak PM 1.29 2 F 0 0 2 F 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 km AM Peak 1.30 F 8 8 C 0 0 PM Peak 1.82 2 0 1 F 1301PM.30Peak 18611..8866 I F 1 1291.29 1821.82 8 7 0 02 (more than 0. 9). F F AMGausala Intersection PM 4 LEGEND Route 10 8 5 8 Route 4 AM Peak 1.28 1 F0 2 8 6 AM PM 8 5 F02 0 8 0 Route 1 Ring Road F F 0 F0 F 0 02 F F Kalimati Intersection J PM Peak 1.39 07 7 F Route 2 Tribhuvan Highway  5 8 New 1.20 1.39 1 F026 F AM Peak 1.39 AM PM Route 1 096 Route 3 Arniko Highway Old Baneshwor Intersection Tribhuvan Route 4 Sankhu Road 1.39 1.17 F09 PM Peak 1.17 International 5 Route 5 Trisuli Road

Airport F0 F 9 AM Peak 1.19 5 Kathmandu 5 F028 F07 2 1 Route 6 Budhanikantha Road

F 5 0 0 F 1 7 PM Peak 1.33 0 1.19 1.33 5 F 3 9 Route 7 Godawari Road Baneshwor(G), 8 8 0 Kathmandu N.P. 0 F Route 8 Lubhu Road Route 2 F 2

B 02 F H 9 0 Route 9 Kalimati-Balkhu-Kirtipur

0 9

F -Puspalal Park AM PM 4 3 H02 H0 9 New Baneshwor Intersection F 3 0 Route10 Road 10 Madhyapur Thimi N.P. 28 1 6 F F0 Kalanki(A), A 8 Route11 Road AM Peak 1.26 0 3 F F Bhaktapur Route12 Phutung Road 0 086 PM1.26 Peak 2.272.27 1 F098 E 4 F Route13 Sundarijal Road 0 Lalitpur N.P. 1 Bhaktapur N.P. F Route14 Dakshinli Road G F 09 Kalanki Inetrsection Lalitpur F 7 Route15 Bungmati Road Thapathali Intersection Kirtipurpur N.P. 09 H Thapathali(E), AMPM 0 03 Route16 Chapagaun Road AM Peak 1.40 AM Peak PM 1.42 0 PM Peak 1.99 AM PM F F 0 PM Peak 1.89 Intersection 0 0 1 7 9 F Route 9 2 1 BHAKTAPUR 22 1.40 1.99 AM Peak 1.04 F0 1.42 1.89 F Chabahil(I), 0 F 9 PM Peak 1.10 9 H 2 1 1.04 1.10 F0 DISTRICT

3 0 2

Route 8 Route 3 3

Balaju(D), 0 1 F F 0 2 Sorakhutte(C) 4 Route 14 LALITPUR Survey Survey Time DISTRICT  more than 1.8 Route 7 Routes 3 2 0 F Route 15 Route 16 18 Morning, Daytime, Evening(3 0 2 1 Heavy Saturated F times / day) Saturated Weekday & Holiday Saturated slightly 65 66

AP 6-11 Result of Vehicle Speed Survey • Most of radial roads except Arnico highway shows less than 20km/h.20km/h. 7) Parking Survey • Roads inside Ring Road show less than 30km. Survey Survey Time Surveyed Rout es Veeceypehicle Type Ring Road Midnight Heavy Truck, Light Truck, Large Bus, (within (from 11pm to 3am) Minibus, Micro Bus, Tempo, Car ROW) WkdWeekday

Travel Speed(Morning)

67 68

N

d

a o d Result of Parking Survey R a o g R F n a 0 u a h 2 t t 1 h n (3) Bus Transport Survey : u d T k a r h a k i o l s P o i u T n li : R R : a 0 o 2 h a 8 d d 8 u • 0 0 Heavy Vehicles(Heavy 1 B F F : 8 5 0 2 F 0 F 20.0km 4 d 8 a 0 1) Outline of Bus transport Survey o Trucks & Large Buses) R F 17.5km ng Ri 6: parking along Ring H1 5 8 Type of Survey Objective Method/Result 0 15.0km F

F0 1 7 F 8 8 0 0 2 1 F Road at Night 22.5km u F 0 oad 7 ankhu R Bus Traffic Counting bus numbers at 24hour count on one workday 5 F026: S : B h im d h un (Balaju, Kalanki, Sadibato ga Count Survey Old Bus Park and Gonguv and one holiday R o a 12.5km d 87 Bus Park Intersection) 25.0km F0 BODBus OD CtibCapturing bus ODby 1, 157 dr ivers atOldBt Old Bus Par k

ay Survey interview to bus drivers at and 693 drivers at Gonguv Bus w igh H H03 an 10.0km uv 1 b 0 ri F : T 1 10 02 F 1 Old Bus Park and Gonguv Park were interviewed during H 27.4km 0.0km Bus Park 24hours on one workday. 1 F 7.5km H03: Araniko Highway 3 0 1 F Bus Passenger Grasping of characteristics 2010 passengers at Old Bus

4 F 0 090 1 F Interview of passenger activity at Old Park and 517 passengers at

2.5km F

1 Survey Bus Park and Gonguv Bus Gonguv Bus Park were

d 0 a F o 3 5.0km 0

R :

i F B l F

a 0 u

k 0 2

4 n n

i 2 F

h : 0 g Park interviewed during 24hours on 3 7

s G 2:

: m

k m

a o Lu C d b

D a a hu : h

2 ti wa Ro

2 a a

0 d p

F R ri a F

o R one workday. 1 g

a o

0 a a

d 2 d

u n

R Scale

o a d 00.51.01.5 2.0 km Public Obtaining information of bus 80 public transport firms Major Parking Area along Ring Road at Night Transport Firm operation and administration including associations of Highest Numbers of Heavy Vehicles parked along Ring Road at Night Interview operators were interviewed. 69 Survey 70

2) Bus Traffic Count Survey 3) Bus OD Survey

At Old Bus Park, 2,200-2,300 buses depart on every workday Number of passenger was estimated by applying average and h olid ay. At Gonguv Bus Par k, 1, 000 buses depar t on wor kday passenger to the number of buses. and the number decreases to 800 on holiday. As a total, 68,000 passenger which account for 2.8% of population in Survey Area, is presumed to be using Old Bus Park.

Average Number of Passenger on a Bus (person/vehicle) Micro Bus Minib us Large Bus Arrival 7.3 12.3 18.4 Old Bus Park Departure 16. 0 22. 4 43. 7 Gonguv Bus Arrival 4.2 6.1 15.2 Park Departure 6.2 8.9 30.5 Estimated Number of Passenger Micro Bus Minibus Large Bus Total Old Bus Arrival 8,300 12,100 1,900 22,400 Park Departure 17,400 25,000 3,600 46,000 Gonguv Arrival 1,000 3,700 3,300 8,000 Bus Park 71 Departure 1,400 5,400 5,200 12,000 72

AP 6-12 4) Bus Passenggyer Interview Survey 5) Public Transppyort Firm Interview Survey

- One of the questions is requirement for bus operation. Largest 6,590 Buses and Tempos are owned by 72 public transport firms, and requitbOldBPkirements by Old Bus Park passenger are tidftime and fare. 6, 010 Buses and Tempos are operating withi n K ath mand u V all ey. - On the other hand, requirements by Gonguv bus park are Number of Buses Owned by Public Transport Firms safety and comfortability. Large Bus Minibus Microbus Tempo Total Within Kathmandu Valley 1,270 2,070 1,800 890 6,010 Out of Kathmandu Valley 380 30 160 0 570 Total 1,650 2,100 1,950 890 6,590

191 operation routes for Minibus , Micro Bus and Tempo. Most of their terminals are concentrating to Kathmandu City Center. Number of Operation Route and Its Terminal (within Kathmandu Valley) Kathmandu Gonguv Bus Lagankhel Others Total Center Park Minibus 49 4 27 15 95 Micro Bus 51 1 5 18 75 Tempo 14 0 3 4 21 Total 114 5 35 42 191 73 74

3. Major Findings and Traffic Issues Bus Stations in City Center and Estimated Operation Road Traffic  According to the Firm Large Bus Minibus Micro Bus Total Interview, there are 191 Ratnapark 45 288 3383,438 313,771 1. Road structure: Overconcentration to Kathmandu City Center operation routes in NAC 0 367 2,042 2,409 - Concentration of city functions, concentration of road network Kathmandu Valley. 60% of Sahidget 0 69 833 902 Citizens’ activity in Kathmandu Valley is heavily dependent on routes has its terminal in Total 45 724 6,313 7,037 functions in City Center. City Center Area. 2. Roads inside Ring road: Roads inside the Ring Road are already  Roadside area of majour saturated road in City Center is - Result of speed survey Less than 20km/h on major arterial roads provided for terminals - Intersection congestion Major intersections are saturated except for Old Bus Park. Partial Improvement of roads cannot solve the situation. 3. Roads outside Ring road: Insufficient road capacity in north-south  Number of operation from direction these roadside terminals - Urban expansion to north/south direction will continue. exceeds the operation from Old Bus s ParkPark. 4. Traffic Mode: Drastic increase of Motorcycle - Not negligible effect on traffic. In short term, measures to control motorcycle are most essential.

75 76

Public Transport Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Roads In order to alleviate traffic congestion, use of public transport should be promoted more . Improvement of public transport is required from Data Collection Survey on this viewpoint. Traffic Improvement in 1. Concentration to City Center - Concentration of bus routes to Kathmandu City Center Kathmandu Valley - Scatter of bus terminals around Kathmandu City Center - Function of Old Bus Park is not sufficient for the central 1ST WORKSHOP terminal of Kathmandu Valley 2. Inefficient transportation by Minibus, Micro Bus and Tempo - Small passenger capacity for mass transportation Chapter 6 ROAD INVENTORY SURVEY - Individualistic oppyperation by small operators: Necessit y of organized and systematic operation 3. Improvement of services for passengers - Irregular operation without timetable 27th April, 2012 - Overcrowded passenger cabin - Passengers have to wait long at bus stops. M. Toriu / JICA Survey Team

77

AP 6-13 CHAPTER 6 6.1 Outline of Road Inventory Survey CONTENTS 6.1.1 Road Inventory Survey Road Inventory Survey was conducted on major arterial roads constituting the frame of Kathmandu Valley which includes National Highways, Feeder 6.1 Outline of Road Inventory Survey Roads and Urban Roads in December, 2011 to identify the existing characteristics, problems and issues on the traffic and road network in Kathmandu Valley . 6.2 Targgyet Road of the Survey 6.1.2 Roadside Condition Survey 6.3 Survey Items and Output Roadside Condition Survey was conducted on National Highways, Feeder Roads and Major River Corridors to clarify the possibility of improvement for future road widening in terms of the difficulty of land acquisition .

79 80

6.2 Target Road of the Survey 6.2 Target Road of the Survey

Length Number Number Length SRN Class of Roads Jurisdiction of Class of Roads Jurisdiction of Total 6.2.2 Roadside Condition Survey km 6.2.1 Road Inventory Survey Total Routes Routes km km National Highway (SRN) DOR 3 58.4 National Highway (SRN) DOR 3 58.4 Major Feeder Road (SRN) DOR 26 222.9 Major Feeder Road (SRN) DOR 26 222.9 421.1 Minor Feeder Road (SRN) DOR 10 54.6 Minor Feeder Road (SRN) DOR 10 54.6 River Corridor - 2 11.0

Urban Road (SRN) DOR 48 85.2 Total 41 346.9

Urban Road (Ordinary) Municipality 40 31.7 31.7

TtlTotal 127 452.8

81 82

6.3 Survey Items and Output 6.3 Survey Items and Output

6.3.1 Measurement Items (Road Inventory Survey) 6.3.1 Measurement Items (Roadside Condition Survey)

(a) Road Width (Roadway Width, Pavement (a) Number of Houses encroached Width) inside Right of Way (b) Pt(PtTPtPavement (Pavement Type, Pavement (b) River Width Condition) (c) Land Clearance (c) Bridge and Box Culvert (Length , Width) (d) Sight Distance (Location of Short Sight Satellite Image Distance) (e) Condition of Traffic Control (f) Parking Place (Roadside)

83 Roadside Condition Survey Cross Section River Corridor Cross Section 84 [RW=River Width, LC=Land Clearance]

AP 6-14 6.3 Survey Items and Output 6.3 Survey Items and Output

6.3.2 Survey Outputs (National Highway & Major Feeder Road) 6.3.2 Survey Outputs (National Highway & Major Feeder Road)

Hous e w ithin Pavement Type Ave. Lane R.O.W Route No. Re f No.*1 Name of Road No.*2 BT GR ER Total No. Total No. (a) National Highway (km) (km) (km) (km) per km

1 Tribuvan Highway H02 2.0 12.1 0.0 0.0 12.1 935 77 • Tribuvan Highway (H02) is the most important highway carrying heavy traffics in and ighway

H outward of Kathmandu valley, however, the present road conditions are very low and too 2 Arniko Highway H03 4.0 18.7 0.0 0.0 18.7 230 12 sever when a function and traffic density of the road is considered. 3 Ring Road H16 4.0 27.6 0.0 0.0 27.6 210 8 National

4 Trisuli Road F021 1.5 11.6 0.0 0.0 11.6 336 29 • Improvement and strengthening of this highway is needed urgently.

5 Dakshinkali Road F022 1.5 10.1 0.0 0.0 10.1 341 34 • However, along this highway, there are many encroached houses within right of way. the

6 Chapagaun Road F023 1.5 8.6 2.6 0.0 11.2 707 63 study on an alternative road detouring around the existing road will be necessary.

7 Godawari Road F024 1.5 9.5 0.0 0.0 9.5 698 73 (b) MjMajor Fee der Roa d 8 Budhanilkantha Road F025 2.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 10.8 726 67 • Lubhu Road (F072) is most narrow road which is just 1 lane only. Furthermore the earthen road is

oad 9 Sankhu Road F026 1.5 13.4 2.1 0.0 15.5 1028 66 remaining only along this road. The Lubhu is planned to be one of the section point for planned Outer Ring R Road. Therefore, the improvement and upgrading of the pavement are required for future traffic demand. 10 Nagarkot Road F028 1.5 18.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 507 28 • Almost all the major feeder roads have been upgraded to black top pavement already. However there still 11 Lubhu Road F072 1.0 9.3 0.0 3.9 13.2 617 47 Major Feeder Feeder Major exist the gravel sections which need to be upgraded as soon as possible. 12 Bhimdhunga Road F075 1.5 6.1 1.9 0.0 8.0 522 65 • Excluding Budhanilkantha Road (F025), Thimi Road (F086) and Bungmati Road (F103), the lanes for each 13 Phutung Road F080 1.5 3.6 2.6 0.0 6.2 557 90 road is less than 2.0. These major feeder roads play an important role to deal with the expanding city area.

14 Tokha Road F082 1.5 4.1 1.5 0.0 5.6 414 74 Therefore, upgrading of these roads by widening are required to meet the future traffic demand.

15 Thimi Road F086 2.0 7.5 0.0 0.0 7.5 738 98

16 Bungmati Road F103 2.0 12.0 6.2 0.0 18.2 899 49 85 86

6.3 Survey Items and Output 6.3 Survey Items and Output

6.3.2 Survey Outputs (Major Urban Road) 6.3.2 Survey Outputs (Major Urban Road)

House within PtTPavement Type Ave. Lane R.O.W Route No. Re f No.*1 (c) Major Urban Road Name of Road No.*2 BT GR ER Total No. Total No. (km) (km) (km) (km) per km • All major urban roads have already been upgraded to black top pavement. However, 17 TU Gate - Naya Bazar (TU Road) KMU001 2.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 1.7 No Data Kalimati-Bijeshwari-Sorhakhutte (KMU004), Maharajgunji-DilliBazar-Kumari Galli2 18 Kalimati - Balkhu (TU Road) KMU002 4.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 1.7 No Data (KMU024) and Teku-Kalo Pul Road (KMU029) have only 1.5 lanes though they are carrying a large traffic. 19 Kalimati - Bijeshwari - Sorhakhutte KMU004 1.5 3.5 0.0 0.0 3.5 No Data

20 Tripura Marga KMU012 6.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 No Data • KliKalimati -Bijesh wari -ShkhSorhakhutte (KMU004) is un der improvement by K ath man du Sustainable Urban Transport Project to reduce the traffic congestion within Kathmandu city 21 Prithvi Path KMU013 6.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 No Data core area. Sinamangal Road - Dilli Bazar Road - Bag Bazar Road - 22 KMU015 202.0 424.2 000.0 000.0 424.2 No Data Ratnapark Road • Maharajgunji-DilliBazar-Kumari Galli2 (KMU024) will be widened within a year under the 23 KMU016 Gyaneshwor Road 2.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 No Data project administrated by KVTDC cooperated with MTP and DOR. 24 Chabahil - Narayanhiti Path KMU017 2.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 3.5 No Data jor Urban Road jor Urban a

M • However, the improvement of the Teku-Kalo Pul Road (KMU029) is also needed to improve 25 Durbar Marg KMU021 4.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.6 No Data the capacity of crossing as soon as possible. 26 Maharajgunj - Dilli Bazar - Kumari Galli 2 KMU024 1.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 No Data

27 PiPattisputa liRdOldBli Road - Old Banes hwor RdRoad KMU026 4.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 2.2 NDNo Data

28 Teku - Kalo Pul Road KMU029 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 No Data

29 Gwarko - Pulchowk - Sanepa - Kalo Pul Road LMU001 2.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 4.8 No Data

30 Lagankhel Road LMU004 4.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 2.3 No Data 87 88

6.3 Survey Items and Output 6.3 Survey Items and Output

6.3.2 Survey Outputs (Summary of Road Condition) 6.3.2 Survey Outputs (Summary of Road Condition)

(a) Pavement type and its conditions (b) RdWidthRoad Width • All national highways are already improved with an asphalt pavement (black top) and maintained in • Road width of major feeder road is only about relatively good condition. 5.0m which is equivalent to the road width of 1.5 • However, t here are st ill gravel and earth en road s on maj or f eed er road s and strategi c urb an road s, and on ly ldlanes road. 40 % - 50% of their surface is in good condition • These roads should be widened to 2 lanes at least, so that a large bus can run and operated on these Proppyortion of Pavement Typpe Proporti on of Pa vem ent Con diti on roads effi c ien tly an d e ffec tive ly to cope w ith th e National Highway National Highway rapid increase of traffic demand.

Major Feeder Road Major Feeder Road

Minor Feeder Road Minor Feeder Road (c) Sight Distance Strategic Urban Road Strategic Urban Road • About 6 points in 10km are found where the Urban Road (LRN) Urban Road (LRN) sight distance is too short to drive safely.

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% • Therefore, the improvement of road alignment Urban Road Strategic Minor Feeder Major Feeder National Urban Road Strategic Minor Feeder Major Feeder National or some safety provision seems to be required. (LRN) Urban Road Road Road Highway (LRN) Urban Road Road Road Highway BT Good 27.20 79.10 35.30 182.10 58.40 9.30 43.00 7.40 86.40 50.30 (km) (km) GR FiFair 4.10 3.90 19.30 34.10 0.00 13.80 25.40 13.10 67.20 7.30 (km) (km) ER Bad 0.40 2.20 0.00 6.70 0.00 8.60 16.80 34.10 69.30 0.80 (km) (km) 89 90

AP 6-15 Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Roads CONTENTS

Data Collection Survey on 7.1 Outline of Land-Use Survey and Urban Traffic Improvement in Kathmandu Valley Planning Study 7.2 History and Urbanization of Kathmandu 1ST WORKSHOP Valley 7.3 D evel opment acti viti es i n K ath mand u Chapter 7 Land-Use Survey and Valley Urban Planning Study 7.4 Policy, Institution and Legal Framework 27th April, 2012 A. Odake/ JICA Survey Team 7.5 Key Urban Sector Issues

92

7.1 Outline of Land-Use Survey & Urban Planning Study 7.2 History and Urbanization of Kathmandu Valley

7.1.1 Land use survey 7.2.1 History of KV  Satelli te i mage mappi ng and analy lsi s  Before Gorkha kingdom • Urbanized area was limited within old town  Population growth trend area between Vishnumathi river and Kanti  DlDevelopmen t pro jtject survey PhPath.  Field survey and interview survey  After Gorkha kingdom  Types of Development Activities • Urban area expanded to west before Dhobi Khola during Gorkha era. 7.1.2 Urban Planninggy Study 7227.2.2 Urban Area Expansion  History of urban growth • From 1967 to 2000, urban/buildup area increased about 8,000ha. At the same time,  Law and policy study shru bs and f orest area red uced 9,000h a.  Analysis on Administration • Agricultural land changed not so much.  Developpyment Vision and Scenarios study  Population projection and distribution study

93 94 94

7.2 History and Urbanization of Kathmandu Valley (cont.) 7.3 Development activities in Kathmandu Valley

7.2.3 Population Growth in Kathmandu Valley 7.3.1 Current situation

• Major population settlement was within the Ring  L&Law & regul liation Road in 1991. • Series of Land Reform. • Apartment Ownership Act 1997 • But in 2011, most of the area inside of Ring Road, population density of was jumped up to more than  PiPrivate sector 160 p/ha and some area reached 200 p/ha. • A growth of 300 % from 2003 to 2008 has been widely reported.. • Population density outside of the Ring Road also  HilHousing loan went high over 80 p/ha. • Number of financial institutes increased rapidly.  Phenomenon c hange d • Central bank policy change to reduce real estate loan to 25% in the bank portfolio by the end of fiscal year 2012/13. • Ceiling of housing loan was reduced to NRs. 8milion. • After earthquake in eastern Nepal in 2011, people avoid high rise apartment.

 Private sector is an engine for economic development. So that it should be 95 95 96 controlled by the good manner.

AP 6-16 7.3 Development activities in Kathmandu Valley (cont.) 7.4 Policy, Institution and Legal Framework

7.3.2 Key player 7.4.1 Policy on Urban Development  NltdNeglected sect or i ithNtilPln the National Plans (UN-HABITAT, 2010)  KVTDC & • Only 0.5% of budget allocated for urban and housing sector in 10th Five Year Plan. Municipalities  National Urban Policy (2007) • Demarcation is not clear. • It prepared by the MPPW/DUDBC in 2007, attempts to address the considerable challenges Overlapping. apparent in the urban sector at present in an integrated and well-coordinated manner. • Law capacity of municipalities  Kathmandu Valley Long Term (2002-2020) Development Concept (KVLTDC) to issue completion certificate. • The KVLTDC was prepared in 2002 by the MPPW/KVTDC, and remains the guiding framework for most of Government’s urban development planning and investment in the Kathmandu Valley, including the proposal for formation of the KVUDC.

 Strong planning is required to set up harmonized plan and regulation for the Kathmandu Valley.  Municipalities should be strengthen their capacity to implement plan and to control development activities.

1. 97 98

7.4 Policy, Institution and Legal Framework (cont.) 7.4 Policy, Institution and Legal Framework (cont.)

7.4.2 Legal and Regulatory Frameworks on Urban Planning 7.4.3 Legal and Regulatory Frameworks on Building Construction

 Town Development Committee Act(1963)  Building Act (1997), National Building Code (1996) and Building  Town Deve lopmen t Imp lemen ta tion A ct (1972) By-laws • KVTDC was established. • Building Act of Nepal was enforced in 1997, applicable for all municipalities and villaggpes in Nepal.  Town Deve lopmen t Ac t (1988)  Apartment Ownership Act (1997) and Apartment Ownership • The Town Development Act (TDA) is intended to facilitate the reconstruction, development and expansion of urban areas, by means of a series of measures giving Regg()ulation (2003) municipalities and town councils the authority to development activities such as Land • Promulgation of Apartment Ownership Act (1997) paved road for private sector to Pooling project. intervene into the housing sector.  Kathmandu Valley Building By-law (2007)  Local Self-Governance Act (1999) • The Building Byelaws were prepared by the KVTDC including general land use zoning • Giving municipalities and Village Development Committees authority to raise funds by maps for th e enti re K ath mand u Va lley. taking loans and levying taxes and carry out town development plans and housing programs .

99 100

7.4 Policy, Institution and Legal Framework (cont.) 7.5 Key Urban Sector Issues (Proposed from DUDBC and KVTDC)

7.4.4 Urban development permission system 7.1.1 Key Urban Sector Issues • EitiExisting R oad dNt Networ kDfiik Deficienc ies  Procedure • Land Management Policy for the Kathmandu Valley

7.5.2 Key Urban Sector Issues

In itia tive RtiRational e Prepare a Comprehensive Development The lack of any comprehensive guiding framework for Plan for the Kathmandu Valley all ongoing and proposed future development.

Review & Update the KV Land Use, The existing KV Land Use Plan was prepared in 1976  Effectiveness of the permission system Zoning Plan & Development Control and only partially updated in the 1990’s. Regggulations & Building Byelaws • Developer or owner of group housing and joint housing (apartment) cannot sell any Prepare a Strategic Transportation Plan for Rapid urbanization in recent years has brought about a housing units without registration of the property at Land Revenue Office. It is quite the Kathmandu Valley significant increase in the volume of private motor functioninggqygg to avoid low quality or illegal building. vehicles in the KV, as well as related problems of traffic congestion and pollution. • However, mainly for individual building, building owners don’t want to register their building at Land Revenue Office to avoid taxation. So that it is not necessary to have a Institutional Strengthening, Capacity Unprecedented population growth and urbanization in Building & Training recent years has placed an excessive burden on structure safety permit and completion certificate for their building . institutions at all levels responsible for urban management. Capacity building & training. 101 102

AP 6-17 AP 6-18 AP 6-19 AP 6-20 AP 6-21