Decnet for Openvms Networking Manual
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DECnet for OpenVMS Networking Manual Order Number: AA–PV60A–TK May 1993 This book presents conceptual and usage information for OpenVMS users who want to manage DECnet for OpenVMS, perform operations over the network, or both. Revision/Update Information: This manual supersedes the VMS Networking Manual, VMS Version 5.0 Software Version: OpenVMS AXP Version 1.5 OpenVMS VAX Version 6.0 Digital Equipment Corporation Maynard, Massachusetts May 1993 The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies. © Digital Equipment Corporation 1993. All Rights Reserved. The postpaid Reader’s Comments forms at the end of this document request your critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: Alpha AXP, AXP, Bookreader, CI, DDCMP, DEC, DECnet, DECnet/E, DELUA, DEQNA, DEUNA, Digital, DNA, HSC50, MicroVAX, OpenVMS, Packetnet, PDP–11, RSTS/E, RMS, RSX, RSX–11M, RSX–11S,RT–11, TOPS–10, TOPS–20, ULTRIX, VAX, VAX–11/780, VAXcluster, VAX DOCUMENT, VAXft, VMS, VMScluster, VMS RMS, VT, the AXP logo, and the Digital logo. The following are third-party trademarks: BASIC is a registered trademark of the Trustees of Dartmouth College, D.B.A. Dartmouth College. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Intel is a trademark of Intel Corporation. MS, Microsoft, and MS–DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Xerox is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation. UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders. This document was prepared using VAX DOCUMENT, Version 2.1. Contents Preface ............................................................ xv Part I Introduction to DECnet for OpenVMS 1 Overview of DECnet for OpenVMS 1.1 General Description of a DECnet Network . ....................... 1–1 1.1.1 DECnet Interface with the Operating System ................... 1–2 1.1.2 DECnet Functions ........................................ 1–2 1.2 DECnet for OpenVMS Configurations ............................ 1–3 1.2.1 Ethernet Local Area Network Configuration .................... 1–4 1.2.1.1 Ethernet Datagrams . ................................ 1–4 1.2.1.2 Transmission and Reception of Ethernet Packets ............. 1–5 1.2.2 FDDI Local Area Network Configuration ....................... 1–6 1.2.2.1 The FDDI Data Link Layer .............................. 1–6 1.2.2.2 FDDI Ring Operation . ................................ 1–7 1.2.3 LAN Routers and End Nodes ................................ 1–7 1.2.4 DDCMP Network Configurations ............................. 1–7 1.2.4.1 DDCMP Point-to-Point and Multipoint Connections ........... 1–8 1.2.4.2 Synchronous DDCMP Connections . ....................... 1–8 1.2.4.3 Asynchronous DDCMP Connections . ....................... 1–9 1.2.4.4 Static Asynchronous Connections . ....................... 1–9 1.2.4.5 Dynamic Asynchronous Connections ....................... 1–9 1.2.5 Configurations for VMSclusters .............................. 1–10 1.2.5.1 Using the CI in a VAXcluster ............................. 1–11 1.2.5.2 Configuring an Alias Node Identifier ....................... 1–11 1.3 Managing the Network ....................................... 1–11 1.3.1 Network Control Program . ................................ 1–11 1.3.2 Network Management Responsibilities . ....................... 1–12 1.3.3 DECnet for OpenVMS Licenses and Keys ...................... 1–12 1.3.4 DECnet for OpenVMS Network Management Software ............ 1–12 1.3.5 Configuring a Network ..................................... 1–14 1.3.5.1 Configuring a DECnet for OpenVMS Node . ............... 1–14 1.3.5.2 A Network Topology .................................... 1–14 1.4 User Interface to the Network . ................................ 1–17 1.4.1 Performing Network Operations ............................. 1–17 1.4.1.1 Designing User Applications for Network Operations . ....... 1–18 1.4.1.2 Choosing a Programming Interface for a Specific Network Application . ........................................ 1–18 1.4.2 Accessing the Network ..................................... 1–20 1.4.2.1 Using File and Task Specifications in Network Applications ..... 1–20 1.4.2.2 Using Access Control for Network Applications ............... 1–21 1.4.2.3 Using Logical Names in Network Applications ............... 1–24 iii 2 DECnet for OpenVMS Components and Concepts 2.1 Nodes . .................................................... 2–1 2.1.1 DECnet Node Address and Name ............................ 2–1 2.1.2 Hardware Addresses and Physical Addresses ................... 2–2 2.1.3 LAN Multicast Addresses ................................... 2–3 2.1.4 Node Characteristics . .................................... 2–4 2.1.4.1 Obtaining Remote Node Characteristics . ................... 2–5 2.1.5 Identifying a VMScluster as a Single Node . ................... 2–5 2.1.5.1 Limiting the Use of an Alias . ............................ 2–5 2.1.5.2 Managing the Alias Node Identifier ........................ 2–6 2.2 Circuits ................................................... 2–6 2.2.1 Classes of DECnet for OpenVMS Circuits . ................... 2–6 2.2.2 DDCMP Circuit Devices .................................... 2–7 2.2.3 CI Circuit Devices ........................................ 2–10 2.2.4 Ethernet Circuit Devices ................................... 2–10 2.2.5 Ethernet Configurator Module . ............................ 2–11 2.2.6 FDDI Circuit Devices . .................................... 2–11 2.3 Lines . .................................................... 2–11 2.3.1 Classes of DECnet for OpenVMS Lines ........................ 2–11 2.3.2 DDCMP Lines ........................................... 2–12 2.3.2.1 DDCMP Line Devices ................................... 2–12 2.3.2.2 Static Asynchronous Lines . ............................ 2–13 2.3.2.3 Dynamic Asynchronous Lines ............................ 2–14 2.3.3 CI Line Device ........................................... 2–14 2.3.4 Ethernet and FDDI Line Devices . ............................ 2–14 2.4 Routing ................................................... 2–15 2.4.1 Routing and Nonrouting Nodes . ............................ 2–15 2.4.2 Types of DECnet Nodes .................................... 2–16 2.4.2.1 DECnet for OpenVMS Phase IV Nodes . ................... 2–17 2.4.3 Routing Features of DECnet for OpenVMS License Options ........ 2–17 2.4.4 Area Routing ............................................ 2–18 2.4.4.1 Level 1 and Level 2 Routers . ............................ 2–19 2.4.5 Ethernet or FDDI Routers and End Nodes . ................... 2–19 2.4.5.1 Ethernet or FDDI Designated Routers . ................... 2–20 2.4.5.2 Ethernet or FDDI End Node Caching . ................... 2–20 2.4.5.3 Area Routing on an Ethernet Bus or FDDI Ring . ........... 2–21 2.4.6 Routers and End Nodes on CI Data Links . ................... 2–21 2.4.6.1 CI End Nodes ......................................... 2–21 2.4.6.2 CI Routers ........................................... 2–21 2.4.7 Routing Concepts and Terms ................................ 2–21 2.4.8 Routing Messages ........................................ 2–23 2.4.8.1 Segmented Routing Messages ............................ 2–23 2.4.8.2 Timing of Routing Message Transmissions .................. 2–24 2.5 Logical Links . ............................................ 2–24 2.6 Objects .................................................... 2–25 2.6.1 DECnet Objects .......................................... 2–25 2.6.2 Objects Using the Cluster Alias Node Identifier ................. 2–26 2.6.3 Creating DECnet Network Server Processes . ................... 2–26 2.6.4 Potential Causes of Network Process Failures ................... 2–27 2.7 Logging ................................................... 2–28 2.8 Network Access Control . .................................... 2–29 2.8.1 Routing Initialization Passwords . ............................ 2–29 iv 2.8.2 System-Level Access Control ................................ 2–30 2.8.2.1 Setting Access Control Information for Outbound Connects ...... 2–30 2.8.2.2 Sources of Access Control Information for Logical Link Connections . ........................................ 2–31 2.8.2.3 Network Security and Passwords . ....................... 2–33 2.8.2.4 Inbound Default Access Control for Objects . ............... 2–33 2.8.3 Access Control for Remote Command Execution . ............... 2–33 2.8.4 Node-Level Access Control . ................................ 2–33 2.8.5 Proxy Login Access Control . ................................ 2–34 2.8.5.1 Proxy Accounts ....................................... 2–35 2.8.5.2 Controlling Proxy Login Access for Individual Accounts . ....... 2–35 2.8.5.3 Controlling Proxy Login Access for Objects . ............... 2–36 2.8.6 Security for DDCMP Point-to-Point Connections . ............... 2–36 Part II Network System Management 3 Managing