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Revision of the Penaeid Shrimp Genus Penaeopsis (Crustacea: Decapod A)

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Revision of the Penaeid Shrimp Genus Penaeopsis (Crustacea: Decapod A) REVISION OF THE PENAEID SHRIMP GENUS PENAEOPSIS (CRUSTACEA: DECAPOD A) ISABEL PEREZ FARFANTE1 ABSTRACT The genus Penaeopsis, comprising six species, is defined and its relationships discussed. Five of the species occur in the Indo-West Pacific, P. balssi, P. eduardoi, P. challengeri, P. jerryi, and P. rectacuta, and one, P. serrata, on both sides of the Atlantic. A key for their identification is provided. References, disposition of types, locality records, diagnoses, descriptions, and illustrations for each species are presented. The descriptions, except that of P. balssi, are based on material that includes type- specimens. The male of P. challengeri, which was not previously known, is described in detail. Intraspecific variation is noted, and distinguishing morphological features as well as affinities are discussed. In addition, geographic and bathymetric ranges are presented, and a graph of depth- temperature relationships of P. serrata in four areas within its range is included. A study of the types of the three species of and insular slopes of tropical, subtropical, and cer- Penaeopsis described by Bate (1881) made tain temperate regions of the world. All species obvious not only the need for redescriptions of have been found in the Indo-West Pacific, except these specimens, as was pointed out first by Bur- P. serrata, which is restricted to the Atlantic, kenroad (1934a) and most recently by Ivanov and where it is present on both the eastern and west- Hassan (1976), but also confirmed the necessity for ern slopes. These shrimps are frequent and often a revision of the genus. As stated by Perez Far- abundant components of the catches made be- fante (1977b), misidentifications, incomplete de- tween 250 and 600 m, and two of the species are scriptions, and lack of detail in some of the illus- commercially exploited. trations presented by Bate (1881,1888) have been responsible for much of the persistent confusion in PRESENTATION OF DATA the recognition of the species of Penaeopsis. The examination of Bate's types and the study of col- In the account of the species, most of the ter- lections made during the cruises of 26 research minology used for features of the petasma, vessels have enabled me to: clarify the problems thelycum, and appendix masculina follows that associated with his work; describe two previously proposed by Perez Farfante (1969, 1971). The unnamed species (Perez Farfante 1977b, 1979), as measurement of rostrum length is the linear dis- well as the male of another that had not been tance from apex to orbital margin, that of known before; prepare detailed accounts of the carapace length (cl) is the distance between orbi- remaining members of the genus; and determine tal margin and the midposterior margin of the intraspecific variation. I have also discussed their carapace, and, finally, that of total length (tl) is affinities and delimited their respective geograph- the distance from the apex of the rostrum to pos- ic and bathymetric distribution. The distribu- terior end of the telson. All measurements are tional studies resulted in the restriction of the made to the nearest 0.5 mm. The petasmata have range of P. rectacuta and the considerable exten- been described and depicted unfolded, and the il- sion of that of P. serrata, the latter reported by lustrations made from stained specimens. Perez Farfante and Ivanov (1979). The species of the genus are benthic and, except MATERIAL in the eastern Pacific where none has been re- corded, occur in the upper part of the continental Abbreviations of the repositories of the speci- mens examined during this study follow: 1 Systematics Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, BMNH British Museum (Natural History), NOAA, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560 London. Manuscript accepted June 1979. FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 77, NO. 4, 1980. 721 FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 77, NO. 4 FIU Department of Biological Sciences, tooth separated from first rostral tooth by approx- Florida International University, imately 0.35 length of carapace; two low and Miami, Fla. sharp adrostral carinae, dorsal one running along MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, bases of teeth. Carapace without longitudinal or Harvard University, Cambridge, transverse sutures; orbital and branchiostegal Mass. spines lacking; antennal and hepatic spines mod- MP Museum National d'Histoire Nat- erately long; pterygostomian spine well devel- urelle, Paris. oped; cervical sulcus well defined, its posterior ex- ORI Oceanographic Research Institute, tremity placed slightly anterior to midlength of Durban. carapace, and relatively far ventral to dorsal mid- RMNH Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke His- line; hepatic sulcus, reaching pterygostomian toric, Leiden. spine, well marked anteriorly, shallow posterior SAM South African Museum, Cape Town. to hepatic spine; anterior part accompanied by UMML Rosenstiel School of Marine and At- sharp carina; branchiocardiac carina present. mospheric Science, University of Abdomen carinate dorsally from fourth through Miami, Miami, Fla. sixth somites (carina rounded on fourth, keellike USNM National Museum of Natural History, on posterior somites, continuous posterolateral^ Smithsonian Institution, Washing- with paired short spines on fourth and fifth so- ton, D.C. mites, and with sharp spine posteriorly); sixth VNIRO All Union Research Institute of somite bearing interrupted cicatrix on lateral Marine Fisheries and Oceanog- surface, and pair of minute spines posteroven- raphy, Moscow. trally. Telson with median sulcus flanked by sharp YPM Peabody Museum of Natural History, carinae, and pair of moderately long, fixed lateral Yale University, New Haven, Conn. spines preceded by two or three pairs of small, ZSI Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. movable spines. First article of antennular peduncle bearing long subdistal "parapenaeid Penaeopsis Bate 1881 spine" on ventromedian margin; antennular flagella with length about 0.75 to almost twice Penaeus. Bate 1881:173 [part]. Alcock and that of carapace; ventral flagellum sexually di- Anderson 1899:278. [Not Penaeus Fabricius morphic, in male shorter than dorsal and strongly 1798]. modified, with proximal part forming rigid, flat- tened, semicircular loop, bearing basal scale and Penaeopsis Bate 1881:182 [type-species, Penaeop- ending distally in usually conspicuous, blunt sis serratus Bate 1881, designated by Bouvier knob; distal part straight and somewhat com- 1905a:981]; 1888:273. Bouvier 1905b:747; pressed. In female, ventral flagellum also bearing 1908:3. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier basal scale, but straight and longer than dorsal. 1909:220 [part]. De Man 1911:53 [part]. Mandibular palp two jointed, proximal article Balss 1925:228. Schmitt 1926:319 [part]. short, subtriangular (oriented with base distally), Burkenroad 1934a:48 [part, subgenus Penae- distal article considerably longer than proximal, opsis]. Kubo 1949:320. Balss 1957:1519 broadly oval. First maxilla with broad unjointed [part]. Burkenroad 1959:285 [Neither Pene- palp not produced distally. Flagellum of first opsis Faxon 1895, or Penaeopsis Yokoya maxilliped slender, overreaching distal exite of 1941, Barnard 1950]. Gender: feminine. coxa. Third maxilliped lacking basial spine. Ba- Placed on the Official List of Generic Names sial and ischial spines on first pereopod, always in Zoology as Name 1821, International lacking on third. Exopods (small but not vestig- Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ial) on all maxillipeds and pereopods. Petasma 1969, Opinion 864:139. symmetrical, lacking channeled, hornlike disto- Parapenaeus Smith 1885:172 [part]. Alcock lateral projections; dorsomedian lobule bearing 1905:519 [part]; 1906:30 [part]. De Man distal and proximal plates; rib of dorsolateral 1911:77 [part]. Balss 1925:228. lobule produced into conspicuous, flattened, Metapenaeus Wood-Mason 1891:271 [part]. proximal process. Appendix masculina small but well developed and relatively heavily sclerotized. Diagnosis.—Body slender, integument glabrous. Thelycum with well-developed median plate on Rostrum armed only with dorsal teeth; epigastric 722 PEREZ FARFANTE: REVISION OF PENAEID SHRIMP GENUS PENAEOPSIS sternite XIII, plate on sternite XIV elongate and (Bate 1881). Subsequently, various authors have bearing paired seminal receptacles disposed lon- referred Bate's species to four different genera. gitudinally rather than transversely. Pleuro- Schmitt (1926) contributed to our knowledge of branchia on somites IX-XIII; rudimentary, the genus when he recognized common filamentose arthrobranchia on somite VII, an- superspecific characters in the "small Penaeopsis terior and posterior arthrobranchiae on somites serratus' group." Unfortunately, the characters VIII-XII, and only posterior arthrobranchia on he chose led him to include within this as- somite XIII. Epipod on first maxilliped (if proxi- semblage two species that are currently recog- mal exite of coxa is considered an epipod) and nized as members of the genus Metapenaeopsis: second maxilliped and on first to third pereopods. M. coniger (Wood-Mason 1891) and M. an- In this genus the petasma is structurally very damanensis (Wood-Mason 1891). Schmitt cited simple, consisting of a plain trough that is the absence of anterior arthrobranchia on somite neither produced as distal or distolateral hornlike XIII as one of the characters of the "group," a or broad projections, nor bears distal elements as- valid Penaeopsis character common to all of the sociated with the four lobules. The pestasmal species
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