2015 ANNUAL REPORT The Modes of Action of Vaccine Adjuvants (S1) Biology of Sirtuins (C3) Organizers: Philippa C. Marrack, Steven Reed & Robert A. Seder Organizers: Raul Mostoslavsky, Shin-ichiro Imai, Marcia C. Haigis & Eric M. Verdin October 8–13, 2014 | Seattle, Washington | USA March 8–12, 2015 | Santa Fe, New Mexico | USA Cell Death Signaling in Cancer & the Immune System (S2) Dendritic Cells & Macrophages Reunited (C4) Organizers: Gustavo Amarante-Mendes, Douglas R. Green & Kim Newton Organizers: Jacques F. Banchereau & Siamon Gordon October 28–November 2, 2014 | Guarujá, São Paulo | Brazil March 8–13, 2015 | Montreal, Quebec | Canada Precision Genome Engineering & Synthetic Biology (A1) Optogenetics (C5) Organizers: Philip D. Gregory, Jennifer A. Doudna & Ron Weiss Organizers: Edward S. Boyden, Klaus M. Hahn & Chandra Tucker January 11–16, 2015 | Big Sky, Montana | USA March 12–16, 2015 | Denver, Colorado | USA Viral Immunity (A2) Co-Infection: A Global Challenge for Disease Control (C6) Organizers: Jonathan W. Yewdell, Donna L. Farber, Nicole Baumgarth & Jack R. Bennink Organizers: Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira, David Dunne & Andrea Graham January 11–16, 2015 | Breckenridge, Colorado | USA March 15–20, 2015 | Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais | Brazil The Biological Code of Signaling – A Tribute to Tony Pawson (F1) Long Noncoding RNAs: From Evolution to Function (C7) Organizers: Tony Hunter & Rune Linding Organizers: Leonard Lipovich, Jeannie T. Lee, John L. Rinn & James (Ben) Brown January 11–16, 2015 | Steamboat Springs, Colorado | USA March 15–20, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA Integrating Metabolism & Tumor Biology (J1) Pathways of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (C8) Organizers: Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Robert T. Abraham & Eyal Gottlieb Organizers: Randi J. Hagerman, Mustafa Sahin & Paul J. Hagerman joint with PI 3-Kinase Signaling Pathways in Disease (J2) March 16–20, 2015 | Tahoe City, California | USA Organizers: Lori Friedman, David A. Fruman & Phillip T. Hawkins HIV Vaccines (X5) January 13–18, 2015 | Vancouver, British Columbia | Canada Organizers: Giuseppe Pantaleo, Rafick P. Sekaly & Leonidas Stamatatos Immunity to Veterinary Pathogens: Informing Vaccine Development (A3) joint with The Golden Anniversary of B Cell Discovery (X6) Organizers: William T. Golde, Wendy C. Brown & Ivan Morrison Organizers: Patrick C. Wilson, Michael P. Cancro & Anne Durandy January 20–25, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA March 22–27, 2015 | Banff, Alberta | Canada Host Response in Tuberculosis (J3) Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Mitochondria & Energy Expenditure (X7) Organizers: JoAnne L. Flynn & Willem A. Hanekom Organizers: Johan Auwerx, Eleftheria Maratos-Flier & Thomas Langer joint with Granulomas in Infectious & Non-Infectious Diseases (J4) joint with Liver Metabolism & Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) (X8) Organizers: Thomas A. Wynn, Paul Kaye & Vishva M. Dixit Organizers: Jay D. Horton, Douglas G. Mashek & Brian N. Finck January 22–27, 2015 | Santa Fe, New Mexico | USA March 22–27, 2015 | Whistler, British Columbia | Canada Epigenetics & Cancer (A4) Transcriptional & Epigenetic Influences on Stem Cell States (C9) Organizers: Tony Kouzarides & Kristian Helin Organizers: Thomas P. Zwaka, Rudolf Jaenisch & Joanna Wysocka January 25–30, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA March 23–28, 2015 | Steamboat Springs, Colorado | USA Neuroinflammation in Diseases of the Central Nervous System (A5) Gram-Negative Resistance (D1) Organizers: Richard M. Ransohoff, Christopher K. Glass & V. Hugh Perry Organizers: Robert E.W. Hancock & Eric D. Brown January 25–30, 2015 | Taos, New Mexico | USA March 29–April 2, 2015 | Tahoe City, California | USA Mitochondria, Metabolism & Heart Failure (J5) Viruses & Human Cancer (D2) Organizers: Richard N. Kitsis, Gerald W. Dorn II & Rong Tian Organizers: Charles R.M. Bangham, Thomas F. Schulz & Paul M. Lieberman joint with Diabetes & Metabolic Dysfunction (J6) March 29–April 3, 2015 | Big Sky, Montana | USA Organizers: Jeffrey E. Pessin, Alan R. Saltiel & Deborah M. Muoio T Cells: Regulation & Effector Function (D3) January 27–Feb 1, 2015 | Santa Fe, New Mexico | USA Organizers: Alexander Y. Rudensky, Dan R. Littman & Kristin A. Hogquist Autoimmunity & Tolerance (B1) March 29–April 3, 2015 | Snowbird, Utah | USA Organizers: Jane L. Grogan, Joanne L. Viney & Gerald T. Nepom DNA Methylation (Z1) February 3–8, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA Organizers: Alexander Meissner & Dirk Schübeler Endoderm Lineages in Development & Disease (B2) joint with Epigenomics (Z2) Organizers: Lori Sussel, Hans-Willem E. Snoeck, James M. Wells & Aaron M. Zorn Organizers: Bing Ren & Daniel Zilberman February 8–13, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA March 29–April 3, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA Plant Receptor Kinases: From Molecules to Environment (B3) Neural Control of Metabolic Physiology & Diseases (D4) Organizers: Cyril Zipfel & Steven C. Huber Organizers: Dongsheng Cai & Martin G. Myers, Jr. February 8–13, 2015 | Taos, New Mexico | USA April 12–17, 2015 | Snowbird, Utah | USA Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Combination Therapy (J7) Beige and Brown Fat: Basic Biology & Novel Therapeutics (D5) Organizers: Elizabeth M. Jaffee & Axel X. Hoos Organizers: Bruce M. Spiegelman & Sven Enerbäck joint with Antibodies as Drugs: Immunological Scaffolds as Therapeutics (J8) April 17–22, 2015 | Snowbird, Utah | USA Organizers: Pablo Umaña, Mark X. Sliwkowski & Martin J. Glennie The Crossroads of Lipid Metabolism & Diabetes (D6) February 8–13, 2015 | Banff, Alberta | Canada Organizers: Russell A. DeBose-Boyd, Sudha Biddinger & Alan D. Attie Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism (B4) April 19–24, 2015 | Copenhagen | Denmark Organizers: Matej Orešič, Antonio J. Vidal-Puig & Ana Maria Cuervo Innate Immunity & Determinants of Microbial Pathogenesis (Z3) February 9–13, 2015 | Breckenridge, Colorado | USA Organizers: Robert L. Modlin, Jenny P.Y. Ting & Foo Y. Liew RNA Silencing in Plants (G1) joint with Mechanisms of Pro-Inflammatory Diseases (Z4) Organizers: Robert Martienssen & Craig S. Pikaard Organizers: Virginia Pascual, Mark S. Anderson & Daniel Kastner February 17–22, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA April 19–24, 2015 | Olympic Valley, California | USA Neuroepigenetics (B5) The Human Proteome (D7) Organizers: Hongjun Song & Li-Huei Tsai Organizers: Matthias Mann, Mathias Uhlén, Catherine E. Costello & Albert J.R. Heck February 22–26, 2015 | Santa Fe, New Mexico | USA April 24–29, 2015 | Stockholm | Sweden Hematopoiesis (B6) Mechanisms of HIV Persistence: Implications for a Cure (E1) Organizers: Timm Schroeder, Hanna K.A. Mikkola & Patricia Ernst Organizers: Olivier Lambotte, Steven G. Deeks & Guido Silvestri February 22–27, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA April 26–May 1, 2015 | Boston, Massachusetts | USA Gut Microbiota Modulation of Host Physiology: The Search for Mechanism (C1) The Arthropod Vector: The Controller of Transmission (E2) Organizers: Fredrik Bäckhed, Ruth E. Ley & Yasmine Belkaid Organizers: Serap Aksoy, Stephen K. Wikel & David S. Schneider March 1–6, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA May 12–17, 2015 | Taos, New Mexico | USA Heart Disease & Regeneration: Insights from Development (X1) Hypoxia: From Basic Mechanisms to Therapeutics (E3) Organizers: Vincent M. Christoffels, James F. Martin & Deborah L. Yelon Organizers: Cormac T. Taylor, M. Celeste Simon, Sean P. Colgan & Roland H. Wenger joint with Cell Biology of the Heart: Beyond the Myocyte-Centric View (X2) May 12–17, 2015 | Dublin | Ireland Organizers: Peter Kohl, Robert G. Gourdie & Stefanie Dimmeler Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Development & Disease (E4) March 1–6, 2015 | Copper Mountain, Colorado | USA Organizers: Fernando D. Camargo, Kun-Liang Guan & Helen McNeill DNA Replication & Recombination (X3) May 17–21, 2015 | Taos, New Mexico | USA Organizers: Simon J. Boulton, Karlene A. Cimprich & Stephen D. Bell MicroRNAs & Noncoding RNAs in Cancer (E5) joint with Genomic Instability & DNA Repair (X4) Organizers: Frank J. Slack, Manel Esteller & Lin He Organizers: Daniel Durocher, Jiri Lukas & Agata Smogorzewska June 7–12, 2015 | Keystone, Colorado | USA March 1–6, 2015 | Whistler, British Columbia | Canada Autophagy (E6) Hybrid Methods in Structural Biology (C2) Organizers: Eric H. Baehrecke & Jayanta Debnath Organizers: Jens Meiler, Patrick Cramer & Ron A. Milligan June 19–24, 2015 | Breckenridge, Colorado | USA March 4–8, 2015 | Tahoe City, California | USA From the Chair of the Board

he 2015 Keystone Symposia meeting season was a year of strong attendance from more than 13,400 investigators across the world, hailing from 88 countries. A record number Tof 7,401 research abstracts were submitted for presentation at the diverse 57 meetings listed on the facing page. Photos in this Annual Report of some of the research of the scientists who organized Keystone Symposia’s 2015 meetings, a two-year process undertaken on a completely volunteer basis, bear witness to the outstanding content of the meetings and the groundbreaking work being presented. We celebrate the personal accounts, on pages 6-7, from some of the diverse investigators who have participated in the Keystone Symposia Fellows Program as well as attended conferences as a result of a scholarship or travel award. Developing the next generation of world-leading scientists is an important initiative of Keystone Symposia. Thanks to strong donor funding, the organization was able to increase the amount of support for student, postdoc and early-career investigator scholarships and travel awards, awarding 711 deserving recipients, up from 586 in 2014. And this donor support is also helping Keystone Symposia embark on a globalization plan described in more depth on the next page. The 2016 season and fiscal year are my last serving as Chair of the Board of Keystone Symposia, a position I will miss immensely. But I will remain on the Board through June 2017 to facilitate the transition to a new Board Chair, Dr. Gary Nabel. I will also remain engaged as Head of the Scientific Advisory Board for the 2017 fiscal year. Gary is a highly respected immunologist and virologist who now heads research for Sanofi following a storied career at the NIH. He is very familiar with Keystone Symposia as head of its Scientific Advisory Board, a Board of Directors member since 2010, and a Scientific Advisory Board member from 2000 to 2009. I would like to express sincere appreciation for all those who organize, present at, attend and support Keystone Symposia conferences. The organization would not be able to accomplish its mission of accelerating life science discovery without you.

Sincerely,

Juleen R. Zierath, Ph.D. Chair, Board of Directors, Keystone Symposia Professor, Karolinska Institutet

RAUL MOSTOSLAVSKY, M.D., Ph.D., BIOLOGY OF SIRTUINS

aul Mostoslavsky, an Associate Professor at Harvard RMedical School and the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Cancer Center, investigates the role of sirtuins in biological processes and disease states.

In March 2015, he served as lead organizer for the Keystone Symposia conference on Biology of Sirtuins co-organized with Shin-ichiro Imai, Marcia Haigis and Eric Verdin. This was the second time Keystone Symposia has held a meeting on the topic. In Dr. Mostoslavsky’s words: “The meeting showed the latest advances in the field of sirtuins, and how much we have progressed in the field in the past ten years, with now-clear molecular pathways identified that are modulated by sirtuins. This group of proteins represent a unique set of enzymes that influence broad biological processes (metabolism, DNA repair, development, lifespan, mitochondrial biology) in numerous species, Immunofluorescence using a reporter of a glycolytic gene thereby protecting against numerous diseases (cancer, neurodegeneration, in intestinal crypts from in vitro-derived organoids (in red), diabetes, obesity). The meeting provided a fantastic atmosphere for discussion, showing that only intestinal stem cells are marked with the reporter. SIRT6-deficient organoids exhibit an increase in the forged new collaborations and set the stage for exciting novel discoveries in the number of these cells. Credit: Carlos Sebastian, postdoctoral near future.” fellow in the Mostoslavsky lab. 33 From the Chief Executive Officer

iscal year 2015 was my first full year as President and CEO of Keystone Symposia. It was an honor to attend many of the conferences and experience first-hand the palpable sense Fof anticipation and excitement that they engender. It was also gratifying to experience strong attendance from the scientific community as well as solid support from our corporate, foundation, government and individual donors. This support is vital to enable us to hold smaller conferences on basic science topics in the early stages of research as well as large, more translationally-focused meetings on more mature topics. It also enables us to offer scholarships and travel awards so that deserving early-career and LMIC investigators can participate. As always, our conferences continued to be rated very highly for scientific quality, value participants gained from their attendance, and quality of our staff. Of the meeting participants responding to our survey in the 2014-2015 season, 92% rated the scientific quality of the meetings “Excellent” or “Very Good,” and 80% said that they made a contact at the conference they anticipate will result in a collaboration or sharing of information, data or techniques. 2015 was a year of change for the organization. Joining the team were a new head of Diversity in Life Science Programs, Dr. Irelene Ricks; Director of Digital Media, Nick Dua; and a new head of Development, Rick Sherman. Additionally, long-term staff member Jeannie Dalrymple moved to a new position as Senior Director of Global Development and her position as Director of Program Development and Implementation was filled by Allison Ogdon, also a staff member. The organization is well-positioned to embark on the growth and globalization plan that I started to implement in 2014. This plan calls for holding more of our conferences overseas, as well as increasing the overall number from 57 in 2015 to 60 in our 2016 season and up to 65 annually over the next decade. We will not sacrifice the quality of our conferences in this endeavor. Indeed, we will have periods of review to make sure that the quality always remains top-notch. In choosing locations for our conferences, we will ensure that the values of the host country are aligned with ours as well as making the science accessible. This means holding conferences in places that embrace diversity, respect scientific discourse, and are committed to providing safe, welcoming and healthy environments. We have more work to do. In 2017 and 2018, we will be “Celebrating Diversity” by setting ourselves goals to increase the number of underrepresented investigators – including women – attending, speaking at and organizing our conferences. We will also feature some programs that will promote diversity at Keystone Symposia. We alone cannot solve this problem that pervades the life sciences and many other fields. But we must do our part and play a leadership role in striving for a higher standard. In the nearly two years I have now been at Keystone Symposia, I have been impressed by the incredible dedication of all those involved – the staff; the volunteer scientists who serve on our Board and Scientific Advisory Board and organize and present at our meetings; and the donors who have many other worthy choices for their charitable funds. While a relatively small organization, Keystone Symposia has incredible global reach, and I look forward to seeing this grow. Thank you for being part of the Keystone Symposia global community! Sincerely,

Jane L. Peterson, Ph.D. President and Chief Executive Officer, Keystone Symposia

ANA MARIA CUERVO, Ph.D., LIPID METABOLISM AND AUTOPHAGY na Maria Cuervo was one of three Aorganizers along with Matej Orešič and Antonio Vidal-Puig of the Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism meeting in February 2015 and is also organizing Keystone Symposia’s June 2016 Autophagy meeting. Professor Cuervo runs a laboratory at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City that studies the role of protein degradation in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. The images at the left show intracellular accumulation of lipids when autophagy fails.

4 Mission and 2015 Accomplishments

Mission

Keystone Symposia will serve as a catalyst for the advancement of biomedical and life sciences by connecting scientists within and across disciplines at conferences and workshops held at venues that create an environment conducive to information exchange, generation of new ideas, and acceleration of discoveries that benefit society.

Notable Achievements and Milestones in Fiscal Year 2015

FY15 featured 57 meetings across a diverse range of the life sciences that attracted the participation of 13,417 scientists from all over the world (87 countries). The majority of scientists were affiliated with academia (68%), with the others (25%) Fcoming from industry, government and nonprofit/nongovernment organizations (7% of participants did not disclose their affiliation). FY15 student and postdoc participation was 41%. The majority of attendees (68%) who disclosed year of birth were under 45 years of age. In general, attendee demographics were similar to those of the previous two years. Some notable achievements and milestones included: • Keystone Symposia awarded 466 scholarships for meeting attendance to deserving graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, funded by its own operating fund as well as generous donor support. • Women were well-represented among scholarship recipients (54%). Ninety-eight scholarships were awarded to students and postdoctoral fellows from underrepresented backgrounds. The majority of those recipients were Hispanic American (55%) and African American (26%). • Thanks to support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), 216 investigators and clinicians from developing countries received Global Health Travel Awards enabling them to attend infectious disease meetings in the 2015 Keystone Symposia Global Health Series. Keystone Symposia’s Global Health Series will continue through 2018 thanks to a renewal of the generous Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant. • Keystone Symposia held its first conference in Copenhagen, Denmark (“Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes”) and in São Paulo, Brazil (“Cell Death Signaling”). • Exit survey respondents gave high ratings for professional development opportunities at the Keystone Symposia conferences regardless of career stage, affiliation or meeting role. Eighty percent agreed that they made a useful contact at the conference they attended that will lead to a collaboration or sharing of information, data or techniques. Similarly, respondents recognized that the meeting had potential to impact their research regardless of career stage or affiliation. Eighty-eight percent of attendees agreed that the conference facilitated interactions between junior and senior investigators. • Exit survey respondents reported very high ratings for the scientific content of the meetings regardless of age, region, affiliation or occupation, continuing the same trend observed over the last few years. Ninety-two percent of participants rated the scientific content “Excellent” or “Very Good.” • Keystone Symposia conducted two public forums for the Summit County, Colorado community with panels of experts drawn from scientific conference speakers: on “The Viral Threat in the Age of Ebola” on January 13, 2015, and on “Little Guys, Big Jobs: Microbes at Work in Your Body” on March 3, 2015.

MARTIN MYERS, Ph.D., NEURONAL CONTROL OF METABOLIC PHYSIOLOGY AND DISEASES artin Myers, Professor of Diabetes MResearch at the University of Michigan and Director of the Michigan Diabetes Research Center, studies action of the hormone leptin and neural mechanisms underlying the response to hypoglycemia. In April 2015, he co-organized a meeting on Neuronal Control of Metabolic Physiology and Diseases with Dongsheng Cai. The photo at left shows EGFP- L10a-containing leptin receptor neurons in the hypothalamus.

5 Spotlight on Diversity – in their own words

hether through providing scholarships for deserving students and postdoctoroal fellows, or the Fellows Program, a unique year-long mentoring and education program for Assistant Professor-level scientists from underrepresented Wbackgrounds, Keystone Symposia is dedicated to embracing diversity. Here a few of the beneficiaries of these programs share their value, in their own words:

De’Broski R. Herbert, Ph.D. (Keystone Symposia Fellow, Class of 2008) Associate Professor of Infectious Immunology, University of Pennsylvania

ver the course of my doctoral training in parasitology and cellular immunology, OI was first introduced to the Keystone Symposia in 2000, where I was selected to give my first international lecture in the short-talk format. This exposure facilitated my interactions with a broad cross-section of leaders within the scientific disciplines of Type 2 immunity, infection and immunology. It was therefore with great enthusiasm that I served as one of the first Keystone Symposia fellows in 2008. Although unsure of the tangibles at first, I immediately began to benefit from participating in this program. This opportunity afforded a more intimate understanding of the history and organizational structure responsible for creating Keystone Symposia’s premier scientific meetings. Not only did the Fellows Program provide an enlightened view of how Keystone Symposia has become a 44-year success, but it also greatly accelerated the pace of my own career development.

My participation as a Keystone Symposia Fellow and now as an SAB (Scientific Advisory Board) member has provided a unique environment to interact with the current thought leaders in biotechnology, industry and academic sectors in an intimate and highly effective setting. Such interactions have made it possible to participate in mentoring relationships and networking and to also secure unique biological reagents that would have otherwise not been possible. Moreover, the recognition of my participation in Keystone Symposia has facilitated rapid academic promotion and increased university responsibilities. As an African-American male scientist, who has been able to successfully compete for numerous federal and private foundation awards, I credit the Keystone Symposia Fellows Program as a major factor in my success thus far. In aggregate, I consider my past and current roles in this organization as one of the most influential parts of my scientific career that has facilitated expansion amid a time of considerable financial turmoil, which is absolutely priceless.

Jeanine Amacher, Ph.D. (Scholarship Recipient) Postdoctoral Researcher, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley

he opportunity to attend The Biological Code of Cell Signaling: A Tribute to Tony Pawson meeting was an extraordinary start Tto my postdoc. I had only been in my postdoc lab for 6 months when the meeting occurred in January 2015, and was still learning about the field of signaling proteins, specifically tyrosine kinases and ubiquitylation. Every talk at the meeting was given by an all-star in the field – these were the people who discovered the proteins and pathways I study! The small size of the meeting facilitated engaging discussions at my poster, and I was able to form relationships with scientists whose work is the reason I chose my postdoc lab. In addition, there were a number of scientists from both academia and industry, as well as many representatives from various scientific journals, providing networking opportunities and encouraging conversations about career development. The picturesque setting of Steamboat Springs, Colorado was wonderful, and ample free time in the afternoon to ski and snowshoe contributed to the atmosphere of the week. As a young postdoc, it can be hard to envision your transition to the career investigator stage, and this meeting was especially unique because colleagues of Tony Pawson told wonderful stories about the “early days” of cell signaling research, and how they achieved their esteemed positions. The Keystone Symposia scholarship program is an excellent way for young investigators, like me, to attend these extremely beneficial meetings, presenting and learning about interesting science in beautiful locations.

6 Michaela Patterson Ph.D. (Scholarship Recipient) Postdoctoral Fellow, University of California, San Francisco

can honestly say that the Keystone meeting, Heart Disease and Regeneration: Insights from Development, was the most rewarding Iand productive conference I have ever attended. The size of the meeting and the overall mentality of the attendees (PIs in particular) really created an inviting and inclusive dynamic for the more junior scientists, without detracting from the cutting-edge science. We were strongly encouraged to participate, whether during post-talk questions, meals, or poster sessions. And for the first time in my career I really felt like I had made some successful networking connections and collaborations with some of the top scientists in the field. I look forward to the opportunity to attend another Keystone Symposium.

Kolawole Fasakin, M.S. (Global Health Travel Award Recipient) Chief Biomedical Scientist & HIV/AIDS Researcher, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ekiti, Nigeria

y experiences were great. It’s nice attending such a rigorous academic, molecular-based symposium. The pre-conference Mworkshop enabled us to understand the presentation at the symposium better. Great discoveries and progress I observed in the development of HIV vaccines should mean we are getting nearer to HIV prevention and cure. Poster presentation and opportunities to interact with presenters gave room for collaboration and sharing of experiences.

Cherié Butts, Ph.D. (Keystone Symposia Fellow, Class of 2008) Associate Director, Immunology Research Program, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts

he Keystone Symposia Fellows Program has been transformative in my Tdevelopment as a scientist – offering quality professional opportunities and strengthening personal interactions. I was familiar with Keystone Symposia, having presented at conferences, but was unaware of the conference development process. Participating in the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) Study Groups provided insight into the critical nature of conducting research on important scientific questions; being innovative; and having a reputation for working well with others. These were all fundamental factors in selecting conference organizers and likely played a role in my nomination to organize a 2017 Keystone Symposia conference. Our brief presentations to the SAB highlighted the significance of focusing upon key themes, which would result in my giving oral presentations (2009, 2011) and serving a role as host for mentoring workshops (2012-2015) at Keystone Symposia conferences. The Fellows Program also introduced us to industry leaders that would ultimately lead to an employment opportunity for me. I had not previously considered a career in the industry sector and have identified talents I possess beyond the bench with this new experience.

The Keystone Symposia Fellows Program brings together individuals from across the United States with expertise in a variety of scientific fields (e.g., cancer biology, engineering, immunology, neuroscience). Although our focus in biomedical research differed, our experiences were surprisingly similar. We were “Mavericks”: often the first or only in our family to study science; the first or only in our family with an advanced degree; the only underrepresented (UR) individual in graduate school; and/or the only UR scientist in our department. These common experiences created a strong bond and sense of relief from the social isolation that many UR researchers experience. We could openly discuss our workplace frustrations and joys. We could offer advice on navigating difficult situations in the context of our unique demographic. We could brainstorm new scientific ideas without fear of replication. Most importantly, the network created by the Keystone Symposia Fellows Program became a platform for 360-degree mentoring of the next generation of UR scientists and an opportunity for me to focus mentoring efforts on a more defined group of biomedical researchers.

7 Financial Snapshot of the Year

he charts below are intended to provide a snapshot of Keystone Symposia’s 2015 finances and activities. Please visit keystonesymposia.org/AboutUs/AnnualReport.cfm to view the full audited statement of financial condition and Tstatement of activities for the fiscal year July 1, 2014 – June 30, 2015.

2015 EXPENSE BREAKDOWN 2015 REVENUE BREAKDOWN

Investment Income/ Government Miscellaneous Income (1.97%) Grants (4.38%)

Management & General (26.40%) Contributions (17.84%)

Fundraising & Development (4.98%)

Educational Programs (68.62%) Fees/ Earned Income (75.02%)

68.62% of Keystone Symposia’s expenditures in fiscal year 2015 went toward educational programs including meeting programs, scholarships, travel awards and diversity initiatives.

2015 STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES

Temporarily Permanently Unrestricted Restricted Restricted Total Revenues Registration revenue and other $ 10,476,012 $ – $ – $ 10,476,012 net of scholarships of $470,150 Government grants 722,403 – – 722,403 Contributions 1,328,888 1,193,002 32,170 2,554,060 Net investment income 275,207 193 275,400 Net assets released from restrictions 2,203,538 (2,203,538) – Total revenues 15,006,048 (1,010,343) 32,170 14,027,875

Expenses Program expenses 9,256,328 – – 9,256,328 Management & general expenses 3,561,335 – – 3,561,335 Fundraising expenses 671,557 – – 671,557 Total expenses 13,489,220 – – 13,489,220

Return of Fund to Donors – (62,919) – (62,919)

Change in Net Assets 1,516,828 (1,073,262) 32,170 475,736

Net Assets – Beginning of Year 11,485,602 2,859,365 – 14,344,967

Net Assets – End of Year $ 13,002,430 $ 1,786,103 $ 32,170 $ 14,820,703

8 SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZER & MEETING SPOTLIGHT SERAP AKSOY, Ph.D. and STEPHEN WIKEL, Ph.D., INSECT-BORNE DISEASES

he image at right provided by Serap TAksoy (left) depicts a pregnant female tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans), the sole vector of Human African Trypanosomiasis (also known as sleeping sickness) in sub- Saharan Africa. In advanced stages, the Investment Income/ disease attacks the central nervous system Miscellaneous Income (1.97%) and can cause death if untreated.

The image below right is of Ixodes scapularis, the vector of Lyme Disease, provided by Stephen Wikel (below left).

Drs. Aksoy and Wikel were two of the Photo courtesy of Geoffrey Attardo, Yale School of Public Health organizers, along with David Schneider, of the May 2015 conference on The Arthropod Glossina Genome Initiative (IGGI), to develop genetics and Vector: The Controller of Transmission. genomics knowledge of tsetse flies since 2004, and together with According to Dr. Aksoy, the conference was her collaborators in Kenya and Uganda works to build research important in “providing the opportunity to capacity in tsetse-transmitted diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Dr. exchange knowledge on the state-of-the-art Aksoy is a Fellow and Council Member of the American Society concepts and techniques to prevent insect- of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene and co-Editor-in-Chief of PLOS transmitted diseases globally.” Neglected Tropical Diseases.

Dr. Aksoy is Professor of Epidemiology Dr. Wikel is Senior Associate Dean, Professor and Chairman in the Department of Epidemiology of in the Department of Medical Sciences, and St. Vincent’s Microbial Diseases at Yale School of Public Medical Center Endowed Chair in the School of Medicine, at Health. She has built a broad program for investigations on tsetse Quinnipiac University in Connecticut. His research interests, flies and African trypanosomes, with direct implications and links for over 40 years, are focused on for disease control in Africa. The overarching paradigm for her host immunological responses program is the interdisciplinary approach to investigation of disease and vector countermeasures at the transmission – ranging from basic research on vector and parasite arthropod vector-host-pathogen biology in the laboratory to the population genetics/genomics interface and the role of those of the vector and parasite in natural populations, and disease interactions in blood feeding and epidemiology in the field – in order to develop innovative control pathogen transmission. methods. Dr. Aksoy has led an international consortium, International

SEAN COLGAN, Ph.D., HYPOXIA ean Colgan, Ph.D. was one of the organizers of the May S2015 conference on Hypoxia: From Basic Mechanisms to Therapeutics in Dublin, Ireland co-organized with Cormac Taylor, Celeste Simon and Roland Wenger.

This image from Dr. Colgan’s lab depicts localization of hypoxic regions in the healthy mouse colon. Shown here is analysis of pimonidazle dye retention (red) along the length of the crypt-villus axis. Cell nuclei (blue) are stained for orientation. The image demonstrates the concept of “physiologic hypoxia” in which the colonic mucosa normally exists in low oxygen conditions along the luminal aspect.

Dr. Colgan is the Joel Levine-Fred Kern, Jr. Professor of Medicine and Immunology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Vice Chair for the Department of Medicine and the Director of the Mucosal Inflammation Program. His research is focused on the identification of novel anti-inflammatory molecules associated with innate immune responses in mucosal inflammation.

9 SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZER & MEETING SPOTLIGHT

RUTH LEY, Ph.D., GUT MICROBIOME

uth Ley was one of the co-organizers Rof the Keystone Symposia meeting on Gut Microbiota Modulation of Host Physiology: The Search for Mechanism in Keystone, Colorado in March 2015, along with Fredrik Bäckhed and Yasmaine Belkaid.

Dr. Ley, an Associate Professor at Cornell University, leads a research group that works on the role of gut microbiota in human health and disease, and the relationships between host genetic variation and microbiome diversity in humans and maize. A recipient of the NIH Director’s New Innovator Award and ISME The image above shows one of the organisms Dr. Ley’s lab is studying, Young Investigator Award, she is already a pioneer in the rapidly Christensenella minuta, which is a human gut bacterium that reduces expanding field of microbiome research. weight and adiposity gains in a gnotobiotic mouse model.

VINCENT CHRISTOFFELS, Ph.D., HEART REGENERATION, and PETER KOHL, Ph.D., CARDIAC CELL BIOLOGY

incent Christoffels investigates heart development at Vthe Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam as Professor of Developmental Biology and Chair of the Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology. He particularly focuses on the transcriptional control of cardiac development and conduction.

In March 2015, he served as lead organizer for the Keystone Symposia conference on Heart Disease and Regeneration: Insights from Development co-organized with James Martin and Deborah Yelon. This was held jointly with the conference on Cell Biology of the Heart: Beyond the Myocyte-Centric View co-organized by Peter Kohl, Robert Gourdie and Stefanie Dimmeler.

The photos to the left show whole-mount fluorescence microscopy of a double transgenic mouse embryo (Nppb-Katushka/Tbx3-eGFP). In the photo at near left, the conduction system of the heart is illuminated in green fluorescent protein and the atria and ventricles in red fluorescent protein. DOUGLAS MASHEK, Ph.D., NAFLD

eter Kohl was lead organizer of the joint meeting on Cell Biology of Pthe Heart: Beyond the Myocyte-Centric View. He is currently the Chair in Cardiac Biophysics and Systems Biology at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine in London. A Fellow of the American Heart Association and Heart Rhythm Society, as well a Senior Fellow of the British Heart Foundation, he previously set up the Oxford Cardiac Mechano-Electric Feedback lab and is an expert in cardiac mechano-electrical interaction studies.

The image at right depicts cardiac myocyte-nonmyocyte ultrastructural links, as seen with 3D EM tomography. Image courtesy of Dr. Eva Rog- Zielinska, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London.

10 “ ED BOYDEN, Ph.D. and CHANDRA TUCKER, Ph.D., OPTOGENETICS

n March 2015, Keystone Symposia held its first conference on Optogenetics in Denver, IColorado organized by Edward Boyden, Associate Professor of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences at the MIT Media Lab and the MIT McGovern Institute (shown at left); Klaus Hahn, Professor of Pharmacology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Chandra Tucker, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine (shown at right).

Dr. Boyden, who was named to Wired’s Smart List of “50 People Who Will Change the World” and the Technology Review World’s “Top 35 Innovators under Age 35” list, leads a Synthetic Neurobiology Group which develops tools for analyzing and engineering the circuits of the brain. These include “optogenetic” tools which enable the activation and silencing of neural circuit elements with light 3-D microfabricated neural interfaces that enable control and readout of neural activity, and robotic methods for automatically recording intracellular neural activity and performing single-cell analyses in the living brain.

Dr. Tucker’s research focuses on developing novel optogenetic tools for probing cellular function and protein interactions. She pioneered the use of the photoreceptor cryptochrome as an optogenetic tool, and has developed systems to modulate protein-protein interactions and induce or block protein function with light. Of the conference, she said, “This was the largest meeting to date in this emerging field of optogenetics, and I think it was instrumental at bringing people together. I have already heard of a number of collaborations that were initiated at this meeting and even one instructional course.”

Dr. Boyden’s image below left shows opsins opening when blue light hits a neuron. Dr. Tucker’s images at the right demonstrate the use of the photoreceptor cryptochrome tool she developed. More specifically, it shows mCherry-tagged CRY2olig, an optogenetic actuator derived from plant cryptochrome, with diffuse localization in HEK293 cells at the left, then undergoing robust clustering within seconds after blue light stimulation on the right.

pre-blue light post-blue light

DOUGLAS MASHEK, Ph.D., NAFLD

ouglas Mashek was one of the co-organizers along with Jay Horton Dand Brian Finck of Keystone Symposia’s first conference on Liver Metabolism and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). This conference was held jointly with the conference on Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Mitochondria and Energy Expenditure in March 2015. Dr. Mashek is Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Minnesota who studies fatty acid trafficking and signaling with an emphasis on hepatic lipid droplet biology. Specifically, his research laboratory is attempting to define NAFLD on a more molecular level and characterize how alterations in lipid droplet proteins influence cell signaling pathways linking NAFLD to its comorbidities. The image at the left shows lipid droplets in primary hepatocytes transfected with YFP-tagged perilipin 5.

11 SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZER & MEETING SPOTLIGHT

ERIC BAEHRECKE, Ph.D., AUTOPHAGY

ric Baehrecke was the lead organizer of Keystone Symposia’s June 2015 meeting on Autophagy, co-organized Ewith Jayanta Debnath, and was appointed to the Keystone Symposia Scientific Advisory Board beginning July 1, 2015. Dr. Baehrecke is a Professor in the Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. His team studies the regulation and function of autophagy n cell survival and cell death in animals, and the mechanisms controlling non-apoptotic cell death. i While at the meeting in Keystone, Dr. Baehrecke participated in a lively videotaped roundtable discussion on autophagy that will be published in 2016 on the Keystone Symposia YouTube channel.

From left to right, the images below show: 1) Plasma membrane (in red) and autophagy, or self-eating, structures (in green) in the intestine; 2) saliva gland microRNA (in green) induces autophagy (in red); and 3) autophagy-deficient cells (in magenta) are larger in the intestine. In all images, DNA is in blue. The image at the left is from Charles Nelson in Eric Baehrecke’s laboratory and published in Molecular Cell in 2014. The other two images are from Tsun-Kai Chang, also in the Baehrecke lab.

RALPH DEBERARDINIS, M.D., Ph.D., TUMOR METABOLISM

uman lung tumors consume glucose to produce energy Hand macromolecules, as indicated by enhanced uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaged clinically by positron emission tomography. However, the extent of metabolic heterogeneity among individual human tumors is unknown. The lab of Ralph DeBerardinis at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center assessed glucose-dependent metabolic fluxes to show that human lung tumors are highly heterogeneous in their metabolism of glucose and other fuels, and that the tumor microenvironment influences metabolic flux, even within distinct regions of the same tumor.

Dr. DeBerardinis is a pediatrician and a medical geneticist who diagnoses and treats children with inborn errors of metabolism, rare diseases that impair the ability to derive energy from sugars, amino acids and fats. Over the years, it has become apparent that cancer is also caused by altered metabolism. His lab’s work developing techniques to analyze metabolism in cancer cells and live tumors, including in human patients, has led to the discovery of a number of metabolic pathways that support cancer cell survival and growth, including pathways that escaped notice despite more than a century of research in metabolism. His lab’s goals are to identify metabolic disturbances in cancer and other diseases, understand how those disturbances interfere with normal cellular function, develop new diagnostic methods to monitor them in patients, and design new therapies to restore normal metabolism and improve health. The January 2015 conference he co-organized with Robert Abraham and Eyal Gottlieb called Integrating Metabolism and Tumor Biology, held in conjunction with the conference on PI 3-Kinase Signaling Pathways in Disease, was a step in this important biomedical direction.

12 Donor Support

eystone Symposia benefits from generous financial support from the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and associated industries, charitable foundations, scientific societies, and individual friends of the institution, as well as from the NIH and Kother US and foreign government agencies. This support is used primarily to fund scholarships for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, to finance travel awards for scientists from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to subsidize travel and lodging costs for speakers from academic and other nonprofit institutions.

For the fiscal year 2015, we recognized $4.33 million* in support of current operations from corporate, foundation, government and individual sources, as shown in the chart below. The organization gratefully acknowledges this support because it allows Keystone Symposia to continue to serve as a preeminent catalyst for the advancement of biomedical sciences by convening open, international, peer-reviewed meetings across the globe.

Individual Gifts: 2% In-Kind Gifts: 3%

Other Government Grants: 6%

US Federal Government Grants: 15%

Corporate Gifts: 50%

Academic Journal Gifts: 2%

Foundation Gifts: 22%

If you are interested in learning more about supporting Keystone Symposia, please contact me at 1 (970) 262-2695, or at [email protected]. To make a gift online in support of Keystone Symposia’s Future of Science Fund, please visit www.keystonesymposia.org/ScienceFund.

Rick Sherman Vice President of Development, Keystone Symposia

*Donor support includes amounts reflected in the statement of activity from contributions, government grants and net assets released from restriction in the unrestricted fund in addition to the contribution to the permanently restricted fund. Temporarily restricted contributions were not included in this pie chart. Nor were in-kind marketing and advertising contributions, in contrast to past annual reports.

13 Donor Support

The listings on this page and the next five pages reflect donations for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2014 and ending June 30, 2015.

CHAMPIONS Top-tier donors making an ongoing, annual commitment of $100,000+. Their public championing of Keystone Symposia’s cause provides inspirational leadership commitment to our shared scientific mission of catalyzing collaborations, accelerating discoveries, and preparing and positioning the next generation of leading life scientists.

Educational donation provided by Amgen* Pfizer Inc.* Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals* Roche* Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) – Brazil Genentech, Inc.* Science for Life Laboratory – Stockholm Merck & Co., Inc.* Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Minas Gerais State Agency for Research Development (FAPEMIG) – Brazil Novo Nordisk A/S*

SUSTAINING BENEFACTORS Donors making a three-year commitment of at least $50,000 per year. Their generous support is crucial to sustain Keystone Symposia’s ability to plan future scientific conferences focused on emerging topics and excellence in science.

AstraZeneca* Journal of Molecular Cell Biology (JMCB)* BioLegend, Inc.* Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.* Cell Research* Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited* Incyte Corporation* Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.*

BENEFACTORS Donors of $50,000 or above. We are very grateful for their extraordinary commitment to our mission to connect the scientific community and accelerate discoveries that benefit society. Special thanks to those organizations that provide consistent, annual Benefactor-level support. Elsevier* Science Foundation Ireland

SUSTAINING SPONSORS Donors making a three-year commitment of $25,000 to $49,999 per year. Their generous support is crucial to Keystone Symposia’s ability to plan future scientific conferences focused on emerging topics and excellence in science.

Abide Therapeutics Inc.* MedImmune* Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.* Mersana Therapeutics* Astellas Pharma Inc.* NeoStem, Inc.* Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.* Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences* Educational grant from Celgene Corporation* Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research* Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.* OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc.* Constellation Pharmaceuticals* Sangamo BioSciences, Inc.* Curemark LLC* Shire Human Genetic Therapies* Editas Medicine* TESARO, Inc.* FORUM Pharmaceuticals Inc.* Theravance Biopharma* Gilead Sciences, Inc.* Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated* H3 Biomedicine Inc.* ImmunoGen, Inc.* Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.* Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc.*

*Indicates a gift to the Directors’ Fund, which allows Keystone Symposia’s President/CEO and Directors to schedule and support meetings in the early stages of research.

14 SPONSORS Donors contributing $25,000 to $49,999. These generous gifts allow us to convene meetings in a wide variety of important areas. Special thanks to those organizations that provide consistent, annual Sponsor-level support. The listings on this page and the next five pages reflect donations for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2014 and ending June 30, 2015. AbbVie Inc.* Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.* Agilent Technologies, Inc.* Janssen R&D: Pharmaceutical Companies Biogen* of Johnson & Johnson* Bristol-Myers Squibb Company* Educational grant from Lilly* California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Monsanto Company* Genmab A/S* Sarepta Therapeutics* GlaxoSmithKline* Taylor & Francis* Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

PARTNERS, PATRONS, DONORS AND CONTRIBUTORS Keystone Symposia wishes to thank the following donors to the 2015 meeting series. Their generous support makes possible the outstanding scientific quality of our meetings and unsurpassed opportunities for interaction among attending scientists.

PARTNERS ($10,000–$24,999) Baker Ruskinn* March of Dimes Foundation, Grant No. 4-FY14-523 Biosearch Technologies

PATRONS ($5,000–$9,999) Abcam plc* Exiqon A/S* Adipogen International* HypOxygen* Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc.* Inventiva* Bethyl Laboratories, Inc.* Luxcel BioSciences Ltd.* BMG LABTECH Ltd.* Mabtech Inc.* CEDARLANE* Merck Serono/Merck* Chroma Technology Corporation* Oxford Optronix Ltd.* Coy Laboratory Products Inc.* Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.* Dharmacon, part of GE Healthcare* Seahorse Bioscience, Inc.* Don Whitley Scientific Limited Sigma Life Science* eBioscience, an Affymetrix company* TriLink Biotechnologies* The Endocrine Society Zymo Research Corporation*

DONORS ($2,500–$4,999) ALPCO Diagnostics* ISOTEC, a member of the Sigma-Aldrich Group* American Heart Association’s Councils on Basic CV Sciences, Journal of Lipid Research CV Disease in the Young, and KWS SAAT AG* Functional Genomics and Translational Biology miRagen Therapeutics* BioVentures, Inc.* Mucosal Immunology Studies Team (MIST) Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.* Opsona Therapeutics Ltd* Canadian HIV Vaccine Initiative Research* Promega Corporation* Cayman Chemical Company* ProSci Inc.* Dove Medical Press Ltd* R&D Systems, a Bio-Techne brand* Dow AgroSciences RaNA Therapeutics Inc.* Essential Pharmaceuticals* Research Diets, Inc.* Fáilte Ireland Rijk Zwaan Zaadteelt en Zaadhandel B.V. FibroGen Incorporated Zoetis

CONTRIBUTORS (up to $2,500) DuPont Pioneer New Era Enterprises, Inc.* Echelon Biosciences, Inc. PLOS Biology Intelligent Imaging Innovations (3i)

15 Donor Support

DIVERSITY PROGRAM SUPPORT Keystone Symposia is grateful to the following 2015 supporters of its Diversity in Life Science Programs.

Biogen The Endocrine Society Sanofi US

US GOVERNMENT GRANTS Keystone Symposia appreciates grants to support various 2015 meetings received from the following government agencies: National Institutes of Health (NIH): National Cancer Institute (NCI) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) National Institute on Aging (NIA) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), USDA National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Office of the Director (OD) National Science Foundation (NSF)

SPEAKER GIFT-IN-KIND DONORS The following companies generously agreed to forego reimbursements for speaker travel and lodging expenses in order to support 2015 Keystone Symposia meeting programs.

AB SCIEX Inventiva AbbVie Inc. Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Amgen Inc. Janssen R&D: Pharmaceutical Companies AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, L.P. of Johnson & Johnson Biogen Idec MedImmune BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH Merrimack Pharmaceuticals Celgene Corporation Molecular Partners AG Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. NeoStem, Inc. Cellular Dynamics International New England Biolabs, Inc. Constellation Pharmaceuticals Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research CSL Limited Novartis Pharma AG DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD. Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Dynavax Technologies Corporation Pfizer Global Research & Development Eli Lilly and Company Pfizer Inc. Ember Therapeutics RaNA Therapeutics Inc. Epizyme, Inc. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Genentech, Inc. Roche Diagnostics GmbH Gilead Sciences, Inc. Sangamo BioSciences, Inc. GlaxoSmithKline Heptares Therapeutics Ltd Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH

16 Future of Science Fund Donors These generous alumni of previous meetings and others with a passion for ensuring a future of scientific discovery that benefits humankind have made gifts in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015 to support the Keystone Symposia Future of Science Fund. Through their generosity, we are able to provide scholarships and travel awards to the next generation of biomedical and life scientists, whose education and careers are enhanced by the opportunity to attend meetings and interact with the world’s leading senior scientists.

PRESIDENT’S CIRCLE ($10,000+) Masakazu Namihira Christoph Ellebrecht The Elkes Foundation Annelise Nguyen Doriano Fabbro Donal O’Gorman Karine Fenelon FOUNDERS’ SOCIETY ($5,000–$9,999) Alexander Pertsemlidis Katrin Fischer Edward B. Sanders Jacqueline Flynn KEYSTONE CHAMPIONS ($1,000–$4,999) Anish Senmajumdar Mary Foster Dr. Edward A. Dennis Shohei Koide Adam Frost Philip Gregory Malu Tansey Jessica Fry Walter Moos and Susan Miller James Thomas Lindsay Fry Jane L. Peterson and Kenneth J. Cremer James Trager Lucio Gama Alessandro Pocai Sally Wenzel Evgenia V. Gerasimovskaya Sidney E. Frank Foundation in honor of Xiaoyong Yang Zach Gerhart-Hines Terry Opgenorth Reza Zarnegar Troy Ghashghaei Tachi and Leslie Yamada with matching gift Ann Zovein Johan Gobom from Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. Anonymous (3) David Graber Juleen Zierath Gillian Gray Anonymous (1) KEYSTONE CONTRIBUTORS Charles Grose ($10–$99) Gloria Guerrero KEYSTONE BENEFACTORS ($500–$999) Joe Alcock Guenter Haemmerle SK Dey, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cody Allison Dale Hamilton Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation Zita Arany Bassem Hassan Gary Nabel Kenichi Asano Susanne Heinzel Than Aung Jiri Hejnar KEYSTONE PATRONS ($100–$499) Xiucong Bao Frankie Heyward Manal Abdelmalek, MD, MPH Afrouz Behboudi Johanna Hol Alan Attie Carolyn Behm Morley D. Hollenberg Arthur Beyder Kathrin Bernt Navin Horthongkham Amanda Brown Sylvie Bertholet Samuel Hunter Linda S. Cauley Bonnie B. Blomberg Rahizan Issa Carl Classen Linda B. Bloom Nathalie Jacobs Pamela S. Daugherty* Jean-Paul Borg Youngnam Jin* Thomas Dubensky, Jr. Kerstin Borgmann Matthew Justice Eric Parker with matching gift from Rachel Brewster Thomas Kietzmann Merck Partnership for Giving Peter Bunyard Chang-Yub Kim Olivera J Finn Wendy Burgers InKyeom Kim Janusz Franco-Barraza* Coby Carlson Toshio Kitawaki Glenn Friedrich Michael Carrithers Suneil Koliwad Dwight German Teja Celhar Kevin Koronowski Henry Ginsberg Sandra Chang Sang Ah Lee Nancy L. Haigwood Rattawit Changlek Seung-Pyo Lee Sharath Hegde Wei-June Chen Andrew M. Leidal L. Eric Huang Elena Chertova Qibin Leng Kiyo-aki Ishii Yeon Kyung Choi Aurelia Lewis Young Ho Jeon Alessio Ciulli Baoguo Li William Kilembe Kevin Clancy Jennie Lill Rolf Kletzien German Contreras Xinhua Lin Masayasu Kojima Tânia Creczynski-Pasa Pam Lincez Takeshi Kurose Enrico Dainese Qun Lu David Livingston Mary Ann De Groote Steven K. Lundy Patricia LiWang Renee de Pooter Ivan Luptak Thomas Alexander Lutz Alexandre Deshiere Therese Lynn Dieter Manstein Giusy Di Conza Kathryn Malecek Mark H. Kaplan Victor Dillard Pankaj Mandal David Martin Tzvetanka Dinkova Robert Mays Allan Murray George Dubyak Craig McCormick 17 Future of Science Fund Donors

KEYSTONE CONTRIBUTORS Miguel Rivera James Wang (continued) Kaori Sakamoto Qunwei Wang Wladek Minor Jacob C. Schwartz Dirk Werling Masayuki Miyasaka Gregg Siegal Johnathan Whetstine Shabnam Mohandessi Sandra C. Souza Michael Wrzaczek Ravikanth Nanduri Lucinda Steward Li Wu Nana Owusu-Boaitey Paula Tabares Sheng-Jiun Wu Alessandra Pernis Atsushi Tanaka Lei Yin Mark Philips Simeon Taylor Voot Yin Raju Pillai Nikeya Tisdale Dietmar Zehn Laszlo Radvanyi David Topham Elisa Zhang Ponni Rajagopal James Tsai Guigen Zhang Florian Richter Sander Van Den Heuvel Anonymous (1) Carola Ries Giles Vick *Indicates a donation on a recurring monthly basis.

The Keystone Society

CHARTER MEMBERS Jim and Sue Aiken Jo Viney Christopher Atwood David and Marcy Woodland Anish and Sushmita Sen Majumdar

In 2012, Keystone Symposia formed a new society to recognize meeting alumni and friends who make estate contributions (e.g., simple bequests, planned gifts, other estate provisions) of any amount or percentage of estate to the Keystone Symposia Future of Science Fund. Keystone Society members will be recognized in perpetuity on all Keystone Symposia acknowledgement platforms, including websites, conference books and annual reports.

Those joining The Keystone Society before June 30, 2014 are recognized in perpetuity as Charter Members. Donors always have the option of making their gifts anonymously.

Media Partners The following publishers, societies and other organizations provided in-kind marketing and advertising support that helped publicize the 2015 Keystone Symposia meeting series.

PLATINUM ($50,000+) BRONZE ($2,500–$4,999) American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) British Society for Immunology BioMed Central Ltd European Journal of Immunology Cell Press Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News EMBO Press The Journal of Clinical Investigation Nature Publishing Group The Journal of Rheumatology The Scientist Tuberculosis (published by Elsevier)

GOLD ($25,000–$49,999) CONTRIBUTING (up to $2,499) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press International Society for Experimental Hematology (ISEH) Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) PLOS neurogenetics (published by Springer) S. Karger A.G. Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation The Rockefeller University Press – The Journal of Cell Biology The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research

SILVER ($10,000–$24,999) FOCIS (Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies) NeuroScientistNews The Company of Biologists Ltd The Rockefeller University Press – The Journal of Experimental Medicine

18 The Andy Robertson Memorial Fund for Diversity in Life Science Donors

Dr. Andy Robertson, who passed away unexpectedly in August 2014, was Keystone Symposia’s Chief Scientific Officer from 2005 to 2011. He made a number of critical contributions while with us, including launching Keystone Symposia’s Diversity in Life Science program, the work at Keystone Symposia that moved him most. In tribute to Andy’s legacy and memory, Keystone Symposia inaugurated the Andy Robertson Memorial Fund for Diversity in Life Science. With the generous support of the following donors, Keystone Symposia established an endowed fund to underwrite scholarships for underrepresented trainee scientists.

Patricia Aguilar Beverly Emerson Helena Nunes-Cabaço Natalie Ahn Sharon E. Flanagan and Dale F. Flanagan Trudy Oliver Micheala Aldred Nicole Frahm Vito Palombella Dr. Lee-Ann Allen Masataka Harada Eric M. Parker Sharilyn Almodovar Helke Hillebrand Jose Perez-Polo Stephen Anderson Jennifer Honda Jane L. Peterson and Kenneth J. Cremer Christopher Atwood Andrew Houk Peter Prevelige Jenna and Scott Bednar-Page Bob and Linda Hrycaj Ronald Raines Alberto Bosque Kris Huygen Jill Reifschneider Dawn L. Brasaemle Adam Idica Chuck Reynolds Cecily L. Bray Elizabeth Jaffee Federica Sallusto Caroline Breitbach Shingo Kajimura Janet M. Shaw Amanda Brown Christopher Karp and Marsha Wills-Karp Madeline A. Shea and Marc S. Wold Cherié Butts with matching gift with matching gift from the Bill & Melinda Alan Sher from Biogen Idec Foundation Gates Foundation Heidi Daetwyler Simpson John Cantwell Peter S. Kim Greg Spear Piero Carninci Igor B. Kramnik Gerald Sufrin Esmeralda Casas Lawrence Lamb Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Richard Cates Mark Lang Raul Torres and Roberta Pelanda Walter Chazin Antonio Lanzavecchia Bruno Vaslin Valerio Chiurchiù Joel Linden Ian A. Wilson Pamela S. Daugherty Edison T. Liu and Margaret B. Liu Aprilianto Eddy Wiria Dr. Edward A. Dennis Margaret Liu and Robert Johnson Marc Wold Alexandre Deshiere Slobodan Macura David and Marcy Woodland Vishva Dixit Phyllis McNeil Bo Wu Anne Durandy Blandine Monel Tachi and Leslie Yamada Rebecca Dutch Walter Moos and Susan Miller Bei Zhang David Eliezer Tanya Muller and David Garner Lee Ellis Ralph Nixon

JOANNE FLYNN, Ph.D., TUBERCULOSIS

oAnne Flynn served as the lead organizer of Keystone JSymposia’s January 2015 meeting on Host Response in Tuberculosis, with co-organizer Willem Hanekom. For the first time, this meeting was held jointly with a conference on Granulomas in Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases organized by Thomas Wynn, Paul Kaye and Vishva Dixit.

Dr. Flynn is Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Her research in tuberculosis is focused on immunology, host-pathogen interactions, vaccines, drugs and animal models. She has developed and used the non-human primate as a model for TB over the past 14 years.

The image at the left shows a PET/CT scan of a Mycobacterium-infected macaque with lung granulomas identified by purple arrows and involved thoracic lymph nodes identified by yellow arrows. Dr. Flynn’s lab uses these scans for serial tracking of infection.

19 Board of Directors (as of December 31, 2015) Juleen R. Zierath, Ph.D. Heidi E. Hamm, Ph.D. Chair of the Board, Keystone Symposia Professor, Department of Pharmacology Professor, Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Gary J. Nabel, M.D., Ph.D. Juan Carlos Lopez, Ph.D. Secretary of the Board Head, Academic Relations and Collaborations Chair, Scientific Advisory Board, Keystone Symposia Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development Chief Scientific Officer, Research and Development Roche Sanofi Anne O’Garra, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.Med.Sci. Walter Moos, Ph.D. Associate Research Director Treasurer of the Board, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory Chair, Finance Committee, Keystone Symposia Vice President, Biosciences Division, SRI International Alan Sher, Ph.D. Chair, Nominating Committee, Keystone Symposia Jane L. Peterson, Ph.D. Bethesda, Maryland President and Chief Executive Officer Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology Ian A. Wilson, Ph.D., Sc.D., FRS Professor and Chair, Integrative Structural and Computational Biology David L. Woodland, Ph.D. The Scripps Research Institute Chief Scientific Officer Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology Tadataka Yamada, M.D. Managing Partner, Mountain Field LLC E. Dale Abel, M.D., Ph.D. Bei B. Zhang, Ph.D. Director, F.O.E. Diabetes Research Center General Manager, Lilly China Research Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry and Development Co. LTD (LCRDC) University of Iowa Vice President, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Carver College of Medicine Vishva M. Dixit, M.D. Vice President, Early Discovery Research EMERITUS BOARD MEMBERS and Physiological Chemistry Ralph A. Bradshaw, Ph.D. Genentech, Inc. Professor Emeritus, Physiology and Biophysics Beverly M. Emerson, Ph.D. College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine Chair, Personnel Committee, Keystone Symposia Professor in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Deputy Director of Professor, Regulatory Biology Laboratory Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, San Francisco The Salk Institute Edward A. Dennis, Ph.D. Peter M. Finan, Ph.D. Professor, Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Chair, Audit Committee, Keystone Symposia School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Venture Partner, Epidarex Capital Curtis C. Harris, M.D. Head of Biology, Karus Therapeutics Chief, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis Margaret “Peggy” Goodell, Ph.D. NCI/National Institutes of Health Professor and Director, Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Center Note: All Board and Emeritus Board Members are also members Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine of Keystone Symposia’s Scientific Advisory Board.

Staff (as of December 31, 2015) Jane L. Peterson, Chief Executive Officer Amanda Deem, Assistant Director of Development Pamela Daugherty, Chief Financial Officer Heather Ford, Manager, Attendee Services David Woodland, Chief Scientific Officer Marcus Fresia, Logistics Specialist Jeannie Dalrymple, Senior Director, Global Development Heather Gerhart, Senior Grant Coordinator/Program Analyst Linda Hrycaj, Senior Director, Strategic Planning Lindsey Heilmann, Conference Coordinator Rick Sherman, Vice President, Development Jenny Hindorff, Program Development Coordinator Nick Dua, Director, Digital Media Beth Johnson, Administrative & Research Assistant, Development Irelene Ricks, Director, Diversity in Life Science Programs Sarah Lavicka, Assistant Director of Development Tanya Muller, Director, Information Technology Jeff Lehman, Scholarship Coordinator Yvonne Psaila, Director, Marketing & Communications Kellie McConnell, Program Implementation Assistant Mary Jo Roal, Director, Human Resources Phyllis McNeil, Attendee Services Specialist Heidi Daetwyler Simpson, Director, Meeting Management Alexa Morrison, Program Implementation Associate Pauli Novak, Marketing Assistant David Adamson, On-Site Staff Representative Allison Ogdon, Associate Director, Program Development Cathy Banks, Web Developer/Systems Analyst & Implementation Carol Bosserman, On-Site Staff Representative Annie Page, On-Site Staff Representative Mary Brown, On-Site Staff Representative Julie Roll, On-Site Staff Representative Caroline Brendel, Executive Administrative Assistant Barbara Schmid-Miller, Marketing Assistant Doug Castle, Web Developer/Systems Analyst Dawn Shafer, Accounting Clerk Linda Cooper, Abstracts Assistant Kiki Sperr, Scientific Program Analyst Ashley Connally, Office Manager Kathy Tavares, Program Implementation Supervisor Chris Dean, IT Support Specialist Rebecca Wilkerson, Finance Assistant

20 In Memoriam: Board Member Robert Craig (1921–2015) ob Craig served on Keystone Symposia’s Board of Directors for many “ We will all miss Byears and as an Emeritus Board Member since 2008 until his death in our original 2015. As founder of The Keystone Center, a nonprofit “think tank” now called Emeritus Trustee Keystone Policy Center, he was instrumental in finding a home for Keystone Bob Craig, who Symposia within the Center after it left the University of California, Los Angeles played such a in 1990. Although Keystone Symposia later separated from The Keystone Center key role in the to become an independent nonprofit organization in 1996, he remained a loyal supporter, staying on the Board and offering sage and steady advice as Keystone evolution of Symposia expanded. It was great to have a “local” on the Board who could help the Keystone Keystone Symposia establish roots in the Summit County, Colorado community. Symposia and was such a Before founding The Keystone Center, Bob was one of the first leaders of the wonderful role Aspen Institute and co-founder of the Aspen Center for Physics. He was also a model for us all. mountaineer who scaled Everest and K2. He was a true Renaissance and “ideas” – Emeritus Board” man, with remarkably diverse interests and a strong belief in bringing divergent Member Ed Dennis fields together. In 1991, he wrote of Keystone Symposia’s scientist attendees: “I was pleased as well to observe that these same hard working souls (who never seem to get any sleep) were also just as dedicated to skiing hard and tramping He was a through the mountains, and the Symposia confirmed my commitment to “ mountain of a William Blake’s observation that ‘great things happen when men and man and a great mountains meet.’ ” inspiration to us all. If at a conference in Keystone, Colorado, be sure to take a run in his honor on ” “Oh Bob,” the ski run named after him! – Chair of the Board Juleen Zierath Black-and-white photos above courtesy of Keystone Policy Center.

21 Scientific Advisory Board (as of June 30, 2015)

Note: All Board and Emeritus Board Members listed on page 20 are also members of Keystone Symposia’s Scientific Advisory Board.

Luciano Adorini, M.D. Philip D. Gregory, Ph.D. Laura L. Kiessling, Ph.D. Chief Scientific Officer, Preclinical Research Chief Scientific Officer Hilldale Professor of Chemistry Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Research Laurens Anderson Professor of Biochemistry Sangamo BioSciences, Inc Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry James E. Audia, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin–Madison Chief Scientific Officer Diane E. Griffin, M.D., Ph.D. Constellation Pharmaceuticals Professor and Chair Jacqueline Kirchner, Ph.D. Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Executive Director, Research Jacques F. Banchereau, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Inflammation Professor and School of Public Health Amgen Director of Immunological Sciences The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine Austin Gurney, Ph.D. Karla Kirkegaard, Ph.D. Senior Vice President, Violetta Horton Professor J. Carl Barrett, Ph.D. Molecular and Cellular Biology Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology Vice President, Translational Science OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stanford University School of Medicine Oncology Innovative Medicines AstraZeneca Jacqueline E. Heard, Ph.D. Gerhard Koenig, Ph.D. CEO Senior Vice President, Research Dominic P. Behan, Ph.D., D.Sc. Two Blades Foundation Chief Scientific Officer Executive Vice President FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Chief Scientific Officer Sharath S. Hegde, Ph.D. Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Vice President, Department of Pharmacology Martin Kussmann, Ph.D. Theravance, Inc. Head of Molecular Biomarkers Robert L. Coffman, Ph.D. Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer Kim A. Heidenreich, Ph.D. Dynavax Technologies Professor, Department of Pharmacology Tony K. T. Lam, Ph.D. University of Colorado Denver (UCHSC) Professor and J.K. McIvor Endowed Chair Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira, Ph.D. in Diabetes Research Senior Researcher Matthew F. Heil, Ph.D. Canada Research Chair in Obesity Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular Chief Scientific Officer Associate Director, Banting and Best FIOCRUZ Minas Research and Development Diabetes Centre Curemark LLC Russell A. DeBose-Boyd, Ph.D. Advanced Diagnostics and Metabolism Professor Linda Slanec Higgins, Ph.D. Toronto General Research Institute Molecular Genetics Vice President, Biology John M. Lambert, Ph.D. University of Texas Gilead Sciences, Inc. Executive Vice President Southwestern Medical Center Sean Hill, Ph.D. and Distinguished Research Fellow Martin P. Edwards, Ph.D. Professor, Brain and Mind Institute Research Vice President, Cancer Chemistry École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ImmunoGen, Inc Pfizer La Jolla (EPFL) Jan E. Leach, Ph.D. Curt R. Freed, M.D. Reid M. Huber, Ph.D. University Distinguished Professor Professor and Head Executive Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer Bioagricultural Sciences Division of Clinical Pharmacology Discovery Biology Colorado State University and Toxicology Incyte Corporation Hyam I. Levitsky, M.D. University of Colorado, Denver Tony Hunter, Ph.D. Head, Cancer Immunotherapy Experimental Adolfo García-Sastre, Ph.D. Professor, Molecular Biology and Cellular Medicine Professor, Microbiology Biology Lab Roche Innovation Center Zurich Mount Sinai School of Medicine The Salk Institute Dangsheng Li, Ph.D. Tariq Ghayur, Ph.D. Allan R. Jones, Ph.D. Deputy Editor-in-Chief Senior Research Fellow Chief Executive Officer Cell Research Biologics Allen Institute for Brain Science Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences AbbVie Chinese Academy of Sciences J. Keith Joung, M.D., Ph.D. Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, M.D., Ph.D. The Jim and Ann Orr MGH Research Scholar Timothy B. Lowinger, Ph.D. Director, Center for Applied Genomics Associate Chief of Pathology for Research Chief Scientific Officer and Precision Medicine Molecular Pathology Unit Mersana Therapeutics Center for Applied Genomics and Center Massachusetts General Hospital Paolo G.V. Martini, Ph.D. for Personalized and Precision Medicine Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School Senior Director Duke University Christopher L. Karp, M.D. Drug Discovery and Translational Research Margaret A. Goodell, Ph.D. Deputy Director, Shire Human Genetic Therapies Professor, Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Vaccines and Host-Pathogen Biology Tetsuyuki Maruyama, Ph.D. Director, STaR Center Global Health Discovery and Corporate Officer, General Manager, Head Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Translational Sciences Pharmaceutical Research Division Baylor College of Medicine Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd.

22 Note: All Board and Emeritus Board Members listed on page 20 are also members of Keystone Symposia’s Scientific Advisory Board.

Lamine Mbow, Ph.D. Bali Pulendran, Ph.D. Michael J.O. Wakelam, Ph.D. Director, Immunology and Inflammation Professor Institute Director Boehringer Ingelheim Emory Vaccine Center The Babraham Institute Emory University M. Juliana McElrath, M.D., Ph.D. Yibin Wang, Ph.D. Senior Vice President, Director and Member Ronald T. Raines, Ph.D. Professor, Anesthesiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Professor Physiology and Medicine Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry University of California, Los Angeles University of Wisconsin–Madison David Geffen School of Medicine Elizabeth M. McNally, M.D., Ph.D. Director, Center for Genetic Medicine Cristina M. Rondinone, Ph.D. Andrew B. Ward, Ph.D. Northwestern University Vice President, Research and Development Assistant Professor Feinberg School of Medicine Head, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Integrative Structural and MedImmune Computational Biology Juanita L. Merchant, M.D., Ph.D. The Scripps Research Institute Professor, Internal Medicine and Molecular Nadia A. Rosenthal, Ph.D. and Integrative Physiology Director, Australian Regenerative Medicine Markus Warmuth, M.D. University of Michigan Institute President and Chief Executive Officer Scientific Head, EMBL Australia H3 Biomedicine Inc. Tara Mirzadegan, Ph.D. Monash University Senior Director, CREATe Kenneth F. Wertman, Ph.D. Janssen R&D: Pharmaceutical Companies Andrej Sali, Ph.D. Scientific Director, Tucson of Johnson & Johnson Professor, Bioengineering Associate Vice President, Discovery Research and Therapeutic Sciences Chemical Analytical Sciences Craig Monell, Ph.D. University of California, San Francisco Sanofi US Vice President Business Operations/R&D Alejandro Sánchez-Alvarado, Ph.D. Keith M. Wilcoxen, Ph.D. BioLegend, Inc. Investigator Senior Director HHMI/Stowers Institute for Medical Research Scientific Research and Development Dominik Mumberg, Ph.D. TESARO, Inc. Director, Cell Cycle and Survival Signaling Terrence J. Sejnowski, Ph.D. Research Director, Peter J. Worland, Ph.D. Global Drug Discovery Computational Neurobiology Laboratory Vice President, Integrative Research Bayer HealthCare The Salk Institute Development Executive Research Andrew Murphy, Ph.D. Ali Shilatifard, Ph.D. Celgene Corporation Senior Vice President of Research Robert Francis Furchgott Professor Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Chairman, Department of Biochemistry Joseph C. Wu, M.D., Ph.D. and Molecular Genetics Professor and Director Leon O. Murphy, Ph.D. Northwestern University Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Director Feinberg School of Medicine Medicine and Radiology Novartis Pharmaceuticals Stanford University School of Medicine Frank J. Slack, Ph.D. Steven G. Nadler, Ph.D. Director, Institute for RNA Medicine Xuebiao Yao, Ph.D. Group Director Pathology Professor and Head Translational Research Immuno-Sciences BIDMC Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School Cellular Dynamics Biology Drug Discovery University of Science & Technology of China Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Hans Ulrich “Uli” Stilz, Ph.D. Vice President Michael J. Zigmond, Ph.D. Vito J. Palombella, Ph.D. R&D Academic Partnerships Professor of Neurology, Chief Scientific Officer Novo Nordisk A/S Psychiatry and Behavioral Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Community Health Sciences Lynda Maria Stuart, M.D., Ph.D. Eric M. Parker, Ph.D. Neurology Senior Program Officer University of Pittsburgh Senior Director and Neuroscience Site Lead Global Health, Discovery & Translational Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Sciences Merck Research Laboratories Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation plus representatives to be announced from: Monsanto Company Paul W.H.I. Parren, Ph.D. Eric E. Swayze, Ph.D. NeoStem, Inc. Senior Vice President and Scientific Director Vice President, Medicinal Chemistry Genmab B.V. Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sarepta Therapeutics Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Roberto D. Polakiewicz, Ph.D. Mathias Uhlén, Ph.D. Chief Scientific Officer Professor, School of Biotechnology Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. KTH Royal Institute of Technology Mark Powers, Ph.D. Joanne L. Viney, Ph.D. Senior Director, Research & Development Vice President, Immunology Research Primary and Stem Cell Systems Biogen Life Technologies Corporation PO Box 1630 | 160 US Highway 6, Suite 200 Silverthorne, Colorado 80498 | USA 1.970.262.1230 | 1.800.253.0685 www.keystonesymposia.org