British HISTORY Journal of the Historical Federation | Spring 2010 | Vol. 43 No. 1 | $7.00

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This Issue: Steamers | CPR & GTP | Bush Planes| and more British Columbia British Columbia Historical Federation HISTORY A charitable society under the Income Tax Act Organized 31 October 1922 Journal of the British Columbia Historical PO Box 5254, Station B., BC V8R 6N4 Federation Published four times a year. ISSN: print 1710-7881 online 1710-792X Under the Distinguished Patronage of His Honour The Honourable Steven L. Point, OBC Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia British Columbia History welcomes stories, studies, and news items dealing with any Honorary President aspect of the history of British Columbia, and Ron Hyde British Columbians. 2IÀFHUV Committees Please submit manuscripts for publication President: Ron Greene to the Editor, British Columbia History, PO Box 1351, Victoria, BC V8W 2W7 Education e-mail: [email protected] Phone 250.598.1835 Fax 250.598.5539 Brenda L. Smith [email protected] ǛŘŝȱŗŗŝřŝȱŘřŜ‘ȱǰȱŠ™•Žȱ’ŽǰȱȱŚȱŘś Phone 604.466.2636 Submission guidelines are available at: First Vice President: Anne Edwards [email protected] bchistory.ca/journal/index.html ˜¡ȱŗŚŞǰȱ˜¢’ŽǰȱȱŖȱŘŖ Phone 250.829.0666 [email protected] W. Kaye Lamb Essay Scholarships Book reviews for British Columbia History, Š›’Žȱ••’˜Ĵ Frances Gundry, Book Review Editor, Second Vice President: Tom Lymbery Ȕȱȱ ’œ˜›’ŒŠ•ȱŽŽ›Š’˜—ǰȱǯǯȱ˜¡ȱśŘśŚǰ BC History, 1979 Chainsaw Ave., Gray Creek, BC V0B 1S0 Station B, Victoria, BC V8R-6N4 Phone 250.227.9448 Fax 250.227.9449 [email protected] PO Box 5254, Station B., Victoria, BC V8R 6N4 [email protected]

ǯȱ Š—ŽȱŠĴȱǻ›˜–ȱŠ¢ȱŘŖŗŖǼ ŽŒ›ŽŠ›¢DZȱ Š—Žȱǯȱ’Œ˜• Lieutenant-Governor’s Award for Writing ŜŗŗȱȬȱŗŖřśȱŠŒ’ęŒȱ›ŽŽǰȱŠ—Œ˜žŸŽ›ǰȱȱŜȱŚ ŝ Barb Hynek ˜¡ȱŗŖśřǰȱ˜›ȱŠ—•Ž¢ȱǰȱŗȱŘŚ [email protected] 2477 140th St., Surrey, BC V4P 2C5 e-mail: [email protected] Phone 604.535.9090 Treasurer: Ken Welwood [email protected] ŗřŞřȱŠ••Š›ȱ˜ŠǰȱŠ›”œŸ’••ŽǰȱȱşȱŘř Subscription & subscription information: Phone 250.752.1888 •’ŒŽȱŠ› ˜˜ [email protected] Membership 211 - 14981 - 101A Avenue Surrey BC V3R 0T1 Š›¢ȱŠ–™˜—Ž Ron Hyde Phone 604.582.1548 611 Robson Drive, Kamloops, BC V2E 2B4 #20 - 12880 Railway Ave., Richmond, BC V7E 6G2 email: [email protected] Phone 250.374.1509 Phone 604.277.2627 [email protected] [email protected]

Subscriptions: $18.00 per year Lorraine Irving Publications DZȱǞřŖǯŖŖȱǻȱž—œǼ 1131 East 23 Avenue, , BC V5V 1Y8 Jacqueline Gresko —Ž›—Š’˜—Š•DZȱǞŚŘǯŖŖȱǻȱž—œǼ Phone 604.874.8748 [email protected] 5931 Sandpiper Court, Richmond, BC V7E 3P8 Phone 604.274.4383 Single copies of recent issues are for sale at: Teedie Kagume, Archivist [email protected] - Book Warehouse, 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC 4575 Redona Ave, Powell River, BC V8A 3H5 Phone 604.485.9710 Work 604.485.2222 BC History Guest Editor, Barrie Sanford - Book Warehouse, Broadway, Vancouver, BC [email protected] bcheditor@bchistory - Caryall Books in , BC ȱ ’œ˜›¢ȱž‹œŒ›’™’˜—œǰȱ•’ŒŽȱŠ› ˜˜ - Coast Books, Gibsons, BC Šœȱ›Žœ’Ž—ȱǻŽ¡Ȭ˜ĜŒ’˜ǼDZȱŠ›’Œ’Šȱ˜¢ 602-139 Clarence St., Victoria, BC V8V 2J1 subscriptions@bchistory - Gray Creek Store, Gray Creek, BC [email protected] - ĴŽ›ȱ˜˜”œǰȱŽ•œ˜—ǰȱ Ž œ•ŽĴŽ›ȱ’˜›ǰȱ˜—ȱ ¢Ž —Ž œ•ŽĴŽ›ȓ‹Œ‘’œ˜›¢ - ˜¢Š•ȱ›’’œ‘ȱ˜•ž–‹’ŠȱžœŽž–ȱ‘˜™ǰȱ Victoria, BC Ž‹œ’Žȱ’˜›ǰȱǯ ǯȱǻ˜—ǼȱŽ• ˜˜ - ˜žŒ‘œ˜—ŽœȱŽ•œ˜—DZȱžœŽž–ȱ˜ȱ›ȱǭȱ webeditor@bchistory History, Nelson, BC Recognition Tony Cox Cover Image: The sternwheeler P.O. Box 75, Lions Bay, BC V0N 2E0 with a Greyhound bus Phone 604.921.9496 carefully balanced across her [email protected] bow as the vessel approached the Gray Creek wharf about 1942. Website Award Note the airman in uniform on the upper deck. Photo courtesy Bert žěȱž‘Ž›•Š—ǰ History Instructor, Selkirk College, Learmonth. 301 Frank Beinder Way, Castlegar, BC V1N 3J1 See a photo of Bert’s model of Phone 250.365.7292 x 334 the Nasookin in the Sept 2008 issue of the BCHF Ž‹™›’£Žȓ‹Œ‘’œ˜›¢ǯŒŠ Newsletter http://bchistory.ca/publications/ newsletter/oldnewsletters/23_sept2008.pdf

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ISSN: 1710-7881 www.bchistory.ca is the Federation’s web site Production Mail Registration Number 40025793 Publications Mail Registration No. 09835 A complete list of the Federation’s membership is available at www.bchistory.ca/membership/present/index.html

:HDFNQRZOHGJHWKHÀQDQFLDOVXSSRUWRIWKH*RYHUQPHQWRI While copyright in the journal as a whole is vested in the British Columbia Historical Federation, copyright of the through the Publications Assistance Program of the individual articles belongs to their respective authors, and articles may be reproduced for personal use only. For Department of Canadian Heritage toward our mailing costs. reproduction for other purposes permission in writing of both author and publisher is required. British Columbia HISTORY -RXUQDORIWKH%ULWLVK&ROXPELD+LVWRULFDO)HGHUDWLRQ_6SULQJ_9RO1R Membership Welcome ...... 2 The British Columbia Historical Introduction Federation has been working since 1922 by Barrie Sanford ...... 3 with historical sites, societies, groups, museums, archives, etc. throughout British Columbia preserving and The Coast Steamer Premier promoting British Columbia’s history. by Tiger Avery ...... 4 The British Columbia Historical Federation is an umbrella organization CPR Meal Tokens embracing a variety of membership E\5RQDOG*UHHQH ...... 7 categories who are interested in the preservation and promotion of British The White Death Columbia’s history. by Jennifer Dunkerson ...... 10 • Member Societies: Local and regional historical societies with objectives 7KH(DVW/LQH6HFWLRQRIWKH*UDQG7UXQN3DFLÀF5DLOZD\LQ&HQWUDO consistent with those of the British Columbia Federation. All dues paying members of the local or regional society by Kent Sedgwick ...... 13 shall be ipso facto members of the Federation. 7KH$UURZ/DNHV9HVVHOV:KDWVKDQDQG&ROXPELa by Rosemarie Parent ...... 18 • $IÀOLDWHG0HPEHUV*URXSV organizations and institutions without dues paying members with *UH\KRXQGDQG*UD\&UHHk specialized interests or objectives of by Tom Lymbery ...... 21 a historical nature. • Associate Members: Individuals may The de Havilland and the Birth of the Bush Plane become members of the Federation. by Robin Rowland ...... 24 • Corporate Members: Companies are entitled to become members of the :DON'RZQWKH0RXQWDLn Federation. by Bob Reid ...... 27 Annual Membership Dues 3RUWRI9DQFRXYHU%ULWLVK&ROXPELa • Member Societies: one dollar per Condensed by Ron Hyde ...... 37 member with a minimum membership fee of $25 and a maximum of $75 Transportation Postcards From collection of Ron Hyde ...... 42 • $IÀOLDWHG0HPEHUV • Associate Members: $25 Archives & Archivists ...... 49 • Corporate Members: $100 %RRN5HYLHZV ...... 51 For further information about memberships, contact Ron Hyde: 0LVFHOODQ\ ...... 56 Membership Chair BC Historical Federation #20 - 12880 Railway Avenue, Richmond, %&9(* Phone 604-277-2627 email: [email protected]

Coming in Spring 2011 An Education Themed Issue of British Columbia History “Any country worthy of a future should Guest editor to be announced. be interested in its past” Manuscripts and images on the history of education in British Columbia are invited W. Kaye Lamb, 1937 by December 1, 2010.

BRITISH COLUMBIA HISTORY | Spring 2010 | Vol. 43 No. 1