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Geology and Coal Resources of the Tropic Area Garfield County Utah

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Geology and Coal Resources of the Tropic Area Garfield County Utah GEOLOGY AND COAL RESOURCES OF THE TROPIC AREA, GARFIELD COUNTY, UTAH Special Studies 18 UTAH GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL SURVEY 103 Utah Geological Survey Building University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 THE UTAH GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL SURVEY since 1949 has been affiliated with the College of Mines and Mineral Industries at the University of Utah. It operates under a director with the advice and counsel of an Advisory Board appointed by the Board of Regents of the University of Utah from organizations and categories specified by law. The survey is enjoined to cooperate with all existing agencies to the end that the geological and mineralogical resources of the state may be most advantageously investigated and publicized for the good of the state. The Utah Code, Annotated, 1953 Replacement Volume 5, Chapter 36, 53-36-2, describes the Survey's functions. Official maps, bulletins, and circulars about Utah's resources are published. (Write to the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey for the latest list of publications available). THE LIBRARY OF SAMPLES FOR GEOLOGIC RESEAB-CH. A modern library for strati­ graphic sections, drill cores, well cuttings, and miscellaneous samples of geologic significance has been established by the Survey at the University of Utah. It was initiated by the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey in cooperation with the Departments of Geology of the universities in the state, the Utah Geological Society, and the Intermountain Association of Petroleum Geologists. This library was made possible in 1951 by a grant from the University of Utah Research Fund and by the dona­ tion of collections from various oil companies operating in Utah. The objective is to collect, catalog, and systematically file geologically significant specimens for library reference, comparison, and research, particularly cuttings from all important wells driven in Utah, and from strategic wells in adjacent states, the formations, faunas, and structures of which have a direct bearing on the possibility of finding oil, gas, salines or other economically or geologically significant deposits in this state. For catalogs, facilities, hours, and service fees, contact the office of the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey. THE SURVEY'S BASIC PHILOSOPHY is that of the U. S. Geological Survey, i.e., our employees shall have no interest in Utah lands. For permanent employees this restriction is lifted after a 2-year absence; for consultants employed on special problems, there is a similar time period which can be modified only after publication of the data or after the data have been acted upon. For con­ sultants, there are no restrictions beyond the field of the problem, except where they are working on a broad area of the state and, here, as for all employees, we rely on their inherent integrity. DIRECTORS: William P. Hewitt, 1961- Arthur L. Crawford, 1949-1961 GEOLOGY AND COAL RESOURCES OF THE TROPIC AREA~ GARFIELD COUNTY~ UTAH. by Richard A. Robison Eastern part of the Tropic area. Henrieville Creek and U·54 extend across middle foreground. Rocks exposed are: a) pediment deposits, b) Tropic Shale, c) Straight Cliffs Sandstone, d) Wahweap Sandstone, e) Kaiparowits Formation, and f) Claron Formation (photo by John S. Shelton). Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey affiliated with The Colleges of Mines and Mineral Industries University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah SPECIAL STUDIES 18 $1.50 • PRICE- . • AUG{jST, 1966 UNIVERSITY OF UTAH James C. Fletcher, Ph. D., President BOARD OF REGENTS Edward W. Clyde Chairman Robert H. Hinckley Member Donald B. Holbrook Vice Chairman Carvel Mattsson Member Reed W. Brinton Member Luke G. Pappis Member Wilford W. Clyde Member Calvin W. Rawlings Member Richard L. Evans Member RoyW. Simmons Member George C. Hatch Member Briant H. Stringham Member Jame s C. Fletcher President, Univ. of Utah, Ex-officio Member Clyde 1. Miller Secretary of State, Ex-officio Member Joseph F. Worthen President, Alumni Assoc. , Ex-officio Member George S. Eccles Treasurer Parry D. Sorenson Secretary UTAH GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL SURVEY ADVISORY BOARD John M. Ehrhorn, Chairman U. S. Smelting, Refining & Mining Co. Graham S. Campbell Petroleum Geologist Ballard H. Clemmons U. S. Bureau of Mine s LaVaun Cox Utah Petroleum Council L. W. Folsom Mountain Fuel Supply Co. John K. Hayes U. S. Steel Corporation Lowell S. Hil pert U. S. Geological Survey Lehi F. Hintze Brigham Young University Walker Kennedy Liberty Fuel Company Ezra C. Knowlton Utah Sand & Gravel Products Corp. Roy E. Nelson American Gil sonite Company Howard Peterson Utah Center of Water Resources Research Mile s P. Romney Utah Mining Association Raymond T. Senior Attorney Nels W. Stalheim Federal Re source s Corp. William 1. Stokes University of Utah Alvin J. Thuli, Jr. Kennecott Copper Corp. J. Stewart Williams Utah State University William P. Hewitt Director, U. G. M. S., Ex-officio Member George R. Hill Dean, College of Mines, Ex-officio Member STAFF William P. Hewitt Director Eugene Callaghan Senior Geologi st Robert E. Cohenour Research Geologist Hellmut Doelling Economic Geologi st Neva E. Nielsen Secretary Clara H. Warr Bookkeeper Margaret B. Eoff Publications Clerk CONTENTS Page Abstract 5 In trod uction 5 Location and extent of area 5 Previous investigations 6 Present investigation 6 Acknowledgments 7 Geography 7 Stratigraphy ..••..•••. 9 Subsurface rocks 9 Jurassic System 9 Entrada Sandstone 11 Cretaceous System ..•. 13 Dakota Formation 13 Tropic Shale ...• 16 Straight Cliffs Sandstone 19 Wahweap Sandstone 25 Kaiparowits Formation 27 Tertiary System ....•• 28 Claron Formation 28 Quaternary System 29 Pediment deposits 29 Alluvium ....••.. 30 Structure 30 Faults 30 Paunsaugunt fault 30 Minor fa ul ts 33 Folds 33 Johns Valley anticline 33 Tropic anticline ..... 33 Pasture Canyon syncline. 33 Table Cliff syncline 34 Economic geology . 34 Coal ...... 34 Dakota Formation 34 Straight Cliffs Sandstone 35 Lower coal zone 35 Henderson coal zone 37 Rank and quality of coal 37 Coal reserves .•.•.•.••• 39 Coal reserves in State lanEis 41 Production 41 Oil and gas 41 Bentonite 44 Gravel 44 References cited. • . • . • . • • • • . • • . • • . • • . • 45 3 ILLUSTRATIONS Plate Page I . Geologic map of the Tropic area .......•..•.....•..•....•.... In pocket Frontispiece. Eastern part of the Tropic area ....•...•..•.••.....••.... I Figures I . Index map of the Tropic area ................•.•......•...... 6 2. Lower and middle members of Entrada Sandstone overlain by Dakota Formation ...•••••...........•..............•.... 3 • Middle and upper members of Entrada Sandstone overlain 12 by Dakota Formation and pediment deposits ........•.......... 4. Tropic Shale overlain by Straight Cliffs Sandstone and Wahweap Sandstone ..............•.••..........•.......... 5. Sandstone cliff at top of Straight Cliffs Sandstone .............. } 6. Badlands developed on the Kaiparowits Formation ..•........... 7. Pediment deposits on beveled beds of Tropic Shale and 24 Straight Cliffs Sandstone ......••....•....•.•............... 8. Paunsaugunt fault on north side of Tropic Canyon ....•......... 9. Toreva block formed by movement along small fault 31 in Tropic Shale ......••.•........••..........•....•...•.... 10. Drilling rig at Tidewater No. 41-27 Johns Valley site .......... } 11. Diagram of the Paunsaugunt fault at its northern end showing step-like flexures on the hanging wall ...•....•....... 32 12. Sections of coal in the Henderson coal zone ...•..•.....•..... 36 13. Site of Shakespear coal mine in Straight Cliffs Sandstone ..•.... } 14. Outcrop of Henderson coal zone .•.........•••......•••...... 42 15. Site of American Mud and Chemical Company bentonite mine at base of Dakota Formation .•...........•.......•...... Tables 1. Geologic formations exposed in the Tropic area ........•....... 8 2. Formations penetrated by drilling in the Tropic area ............ 10 3. Analyses of coal from outcrops and mines in the Tropic area 38 4. Analyses of coal from a core in SWt NEt sec. 22, T.35S.,R.2W. ...•..•.••.........•..........•......... 39 5. Estimated reserves of coal in the Henderson coal zone on a coal-zone basis. .. ... •• .•. .. •.. • . .. ... ..•. .. .. 40 6. Wells drilled for oil and gas in the Tropic area 43 4 GEOLOGY AND COAL RESOURCES OF THE TROPIC AREA, GARFIELD COUNTY, UTAH by Richard A. Robison1 ABSTRACT The Tropic area lies within the Colorado Plateau province and includes about 100 square miles in southwestern Garfield County, Utah. It is bounded on the west by the Paunsaugunt fault, which separates the Kaiparowits Plateau on the east from the Paunsaugunt Plateau on the west. Flat or gently folded sedimentary strata are undergoing relatively rapid ero­ sion by headward tributaries of the Paria River. This erosion gradually is pirating drain­ age area to the west and north from the East Fork of the Sevier River. Less resistant strata generally are eroded to form broad valleys, whereas more resistant strata generally form steep slopes, irregular ledges, and high cliffs. In places, there are extensive remnants of broad gravel-capped pediment surfaces. All geologic systems from the JuraSSic to the Quaternary are exposed in the Tropic area, and all systems from the Mississippian to the Jurassic are known from drill-hole information. Approximately 8,000 feet of rocks crop out at the surface and another 8,200 feet of un­ exposed rocks have been penetrated by drilling. The Entrada Sandstone of Jurassic age crops out in an irregular band across the southern part
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