Garbage Capitalism's Green Commerce

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Garbage Capitalism's Green Commerce GARBAGE CAPITALISM’S GREEN COMMERCE HEATHER ROGERS n American capitalism today, more than ever, the mass consumption of Icommodities lies at the heart of social life and economic growth, and intrinsic to consumption is garbage. In the United States over the last 30 years, rubbish output has doubled.1 Today almost 80 per cent of US products are used once, and then thrown away.2 While comprising just 4 per cent of the global population, the US churns out almost 30 per cent of the wastes generated by Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development member nations (the world’s most developed countries).3 Unfortunately, the mess does not remain confined within national borders; today, the Pacific Ocean contains six times more plastic waste than zooplankton.4 These un- precedented levels of rubbish are not the outcome of some organic process connected to human nature. The most developed countries create torrents of trash because waste and destruction are the necessary analogues of consumer society. Indeed, for capitalism to continue to grow – as it must – consumers are obliged to keep buying, which means they are destined to throw ever more mterials into the trash pile. Since the years after World War II, when the US began mass production and consumption in earnest, industry has exerted tremendous effort to man- age public perceptions of waste and, beginning in the late 1960s, the more far-reaching ecological impacts of a high-trash system. Garbage is a mini- ature version of production’s destructive aftermath, which inevitably ends up in each person’s hands; it is proof that all is not well. Since rubbish has the power to reveal to consumers the realities of an economy that pushes many of its costs onto the environment, garbage has become a key site for corpo- rate ‘greenwashing’. Manufacturers neither pay the full price for the raw ma- terials they use in production, nor do they accurately account for the costs of pollution, energy use and the future environmental impacts of their activities. To maintain their relatively unfettered access to nature, as both a resource and a dumping-ground, US companies have had to convince the public that the 232 SOCIALIST REGISTER 2007 castoffs they can see – and, by extension, wastes they cannot see, like those created by industry – are benign, and not an indication of crisis. The roots of corporate greenwashing in the United States lie in two pre- vious episodes, one in the 1950s, the other in the 1980s, both relating to consumer products (and not to energy, or other products and services). In the 1950s the group Keep America Beautiful was formed by industry to pre-empt legal restrictions on disposable goods, namely packaging. Through an elaborate public relations campaign the organization generated a popular narrative about garbage that shifted responsibility from industry to the indi- vidual. Then, in the 1980s, manufacturers exploited the rise of recycling to further ingrain a sense of personal culpability for increasing levels of trash, and to crack open new consumer markets. This later effort was more explic- itly ‘green’, but both campaigns had the goal of protecting production from restrictive interventions and keep commodities flowing. These two episodes help explain today’s popular acceptance that indi- vidual consumer choices are the source of environmental destruction – and salvation. The form this now takes is referred to as ‘green capitalism’ or ‘green commerce’. The latest development in greenwashing, green commerce, is be- ing greeted with mounting enthusiasm by many in the environmental move- ment as well as in business circles, and by growing numbers of consumers; they are all embracing the idea that the planet can be saved simply by buying and selling environmentally friendly products. According to its boosters this market-based solution – referred to by some as the ‘investment’ phase of the environmental movement – bypasses the need for legal restrictions on the use of natural resources since, the theory goes, demand will create incentives for industry to adopt ecologically sound practices of its own accord.5 As the track record reveals, however, unregu- lated capitalist industry devotes its efforts not to protecting natural resources, but to seeking out its goal – surplus value. Just because a business professes its devotion to the health of natural systems, or makes an environmentally friendly product, doesn’t mean it has transformed its relation to nature. The ‘greening’ of business without concomitant changes in the economic struc- ture, and in the role of the state – including planning, a more democratic use of natural resources, and giving priority to human and environmental health over profits – permits the continuation of practices destructive to the earth’s ecosystems. KEEPING IT BEAUTIFUL To a large extent, American capital’s elaborate green offensive began with the earliest effort to restrict disposables in 1953. A measure passed by Vermont’s GARBAGE CAPITALISM’S GREEN COMMERCE 233 legislature – coming not from nascent environmentalists, but disgruntled dairy farmers – banned the sale of all throwaway bottles throughout the state. According to a newspaper report: ‘Farmers, who comprise nearly one-third of the House membership, say that bottles are sometimes thrown into hay mows and that there is need to prevent loss of cows from swallowing them in fodder’.6 Their livelihoods on the line, the husbandmen politicians ratified the law. Within a few short months the packaging industry concocted a lavishly funded nonprofit body called Keep America Beautiful (KAB). This was the first of many greenwashing corporate fronts to come, and its goal was to distract people from questioning the viability of an increasingly trash-reliant marketplace. KAB’s founders were the powerful American Can Company and Owens-Illinois Glass Company, inventors of the single-use disposable can and bottle, respectively. They linked up with more than twenty other in- dustry heavies – all connected to the disposables industry – including Coca- Cola, the Dixie Cup Company and Richfield Oil Corporation (later At- lantic Richfield), as well as the National Association of Manufacturers with whom KAB shared members, leaders and interests. Still a major player today, KAB urgently funnelled vast resources into a nationwide, media-savvy cam- paign.7 The centerpiece of the organization’s strategy was its great cultural in- vention: litter. This category of debris existed before, but KAB masterfully transformed its political and cultural meaning to shift the terms of the debate over an unprecedented surge of waste in the post-World War II years. KAB wanted to turn any stirrings of concern over the larger ecological effects of so much production and consumption away from industry’s massive and supertoxic destruction of the natural world, reducing the problem to the eyesore of litter and singling out the real villain – the ‘litterbug’.8 Taking this tack, KAB could defend disposability and obsolescence. The problem wasn’t the rising levels of waste, it was all those heathens who failed to put their discards in the proper place. By 1970, when the mainstream environmental movement emerged, KAB had already helped industry successfully navigate what the trade magazine Modern Packaging called the ‘awesome challenge’ of managing rubbish with- out restricting packaging production.9 KAB entered the eco-era a seasoned anti-environmentalist, an old hand at turning the tables. On the second Earth Day on April 22, 1971, KAB premiered the first of its now-iconic television advertisements starring the buckskin-clad longtime Hollywood actor Iron Eyes Cody. This commercial represented a growing sophistication in the in- dustry’s messaging about environmental issues. 234 SOCIALIST REGISTER 2007 The haunting ad was seared into the guilty consciences of Americans young and old: after stoically canoeing through a wrapper- and can-strewn delta, past a silhouetted factory puffing smoke, Cody dragged his canoe onto a bank sprinkled with litter. Hiking to the edge of a freeway clogged with cars, the stereotypical Native American (who was posthumously discovered to be of Italian ancestry) was abruptly hit on the moccasins with a fast-food bag tossed out the window by a freewheeling blond passenger. Cody then looked straight into the camera as he shed a single tear. The accompanying music was stirring, the voice-over solemn: ‘Some people have a deep, abiding respect for the natural beauty that was once this country. But some people don’t. People start pollution. People can stop it’.10 The TV spot’s inclusion of smokestacks and a traffic-choked highway marked a shift for KAB; maintaining its litter-is-the-root-of-all-evil posi- tion was getting more difficult as the organization confronted the main- streaming of ecological awareness. To uphold its legitimacy KAB was obliged to acknowledge issues like air and water pollution, against protests from its board of directors.11 However, neither this commercial nor subsequent spots featuring Cody in similar dirty, tear-soaked scenarios departed from KAB’s constant refrain – the responsibility for pollution lay with the individual. Environmental devastation was the bitter consequence of each person’s own selfish disregard for nature. The key tactic of blaming individuals – as one American Can execu- tive insisted, ‘Packages don’t litter, people do’ – obfuscated the real causes of mounting waste.12 KAB paved the way in sowing confusion about the envi- ronmental impacts of mass production and consumption,
Recommended publications
  • Radical Environmentalism: the New Civil Disobedience?
    Seattle Journal for Social Justice Volume 6 Issue 1 Fall/Winter 2007 Article 35 November 2007 Radical Environmentalism: The New Civil Disobedience? Cesar Cuauhtemoc Garcia Hernandez Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj Recommended Citation Hernandez, Cesar Cuauhtemoc Garcia (2007) "Radical Environmentalism: The New Civil Disobedience?," Seattle Journal for Social Justice: Vol. 6 : Iss. 1 , Article 35. Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj/vol6/iss1/35 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications and Programs at Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Seattle Journal for Social Justice by an authorized editor of Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 289 Radical Environmentalism: The New Civil Disobedience? César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández1 God said, “I have given you every seed-bearing plant which is on the face of all the earth, and every tree that bears fruit with seed. It will be for your food. To every wild animal, to every bird of the sky, to everything that creeps along the ground, to everything that has the breath of life, I give every green plant for food.” So it was. God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. Book of Genesis2 We know that the white man does not understand our ways. One portion of land is the same to him as the next, for he is a stranger who comes in the night and takes from the land whatever he needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Parties and Elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Green Par Elections
    Chapter 1 Green Parties and Elections, 1979–2019 Green parties and elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Wolfgang Rüdig Introduction The history of green parties in Europe is closely intertwined with the history of elections to the European Parliament. When the first direct elections to the European Parliament took place in June 1979, the development of green parties in Europe was still in its infancy. Only in Belgium and the UK had green parties been formed that took part in these elections; but ecological lists, which were the pre- decessors of green parties, competed in other countries. Despite not winning representation, the German Greens were particularly influ- enced by the 1979 European elections. Five years later, most partic- ipating countries had seen the formation of national green parties, and the first Green MEPs from Belgium and Germany were elected. Green parties have been represented continuously in the European Parliament since 1984. Subsequent years saw Greens from many other countries joining their Belgian and German colleagues in the Euro- pean Parliament. European elections continued to be important for party formation in new EU member countries. In the 1980s it was the South European countries (Greece, Portugal and Spain), following 4 GREENS FOR A BETTER EUROPE their successful transition to democracies, that became members. Green parties did not have a strong role in their national party systems, and European elections became an important focus for party develop- ment. In the 1990s it was the turn of Austria, Finland and Sweden to join; green parties were already well established in all three nations and provided ongoing support for Greens in the European Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • GREEN YOUTH for a GLOBAL GREEN CHANGE Documentation
    GREEN YOUTH FOR A GLOBAL GREEN CHANGE Documentation of the 2nd Global Young Greens Congress Berlin, 8th to 14th of August 2010 Dear readers! 3 A short history of the Global Young Greens 4 HISTORY 2nd Congress 8 programmE 9 Regional Meetings 10 Workshops 12 the perspectives of small content scale farming and the agricultural issues 16 Green New Deal – A Concept for a Global Economic Change? 17 Impressions 18 General Assembly of GYG Congress Berlin 2010 20 Summary of our Structure Reform 21 GYG in Action 22 Passed Proposals 23 Statements 25 Participants 26 Introduction of the new Steering Committee 28 Plans 32 THANK-YOU‘S 30 IMPRINT 31 2 global young greens—Congress 2010 Dear readers! We proudly present to you the documentation of the 2nd Global Young Greens Congress held in Berlin from 8th to 14th of August 2010! More than 100 participants from over 50 countries spent five days of discussing as well as exchanging opinions and experiences from their homecountries in order to get closer together and fight with “Youth Power for a Global Green Change“. Workshops, fishbowl discussions and a world café were organised as parts of the congress. The debated topics were endless – reaching from economics and gender issues to social justice, peace and conflicts and - of course - climate change. After three days of debating, two days of General Assem- bly followed. In this, new structures were adopted as well as several topical proposals to form a wider political platform. With this documentation, we are trying to show what the congress was about and what was behind.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Guide to an Eco-Friendly Collegiate Lifestyle Welcome to Sustainable Stanford!
    Third Edition Your Guide to an Eco-Friendly Collegiate Lifestyle Welcome to Sustainable Stanford! “Setting an example is not the main means of Certified as a green business, Stanford has been in the highest influencing others; it is the only means.” tier for overall leadership in sustainability in North America four of the past five years (http://greenreportcard.org/). As we —Albert Einstein continue to seek innovative and lasting solutions to reduce our environmental footprint, we invite you, the most important elcome to Stanford—a campus that cares deeply stakeholder, to be an active part of that journey. Wabout responsible and sustainable resource use. We believe sustainability means meeting the needs of today This guide has been created by your fellow students with help in a manner that does not compromise the ability to meet from campus staff to provide you with some easy tips for an the needs of the future. eco-friendly lifestyle on the Farm. The actions your friends take and share with you as they welcome you to campus complement While Stanford researchers are uncovering policy and the efforts underway by administration and staff. In this guide technological solutions to climate change, greener buildings, you will see examples of specific accomplishments in campus and renewable energy, Stanford staff members are leading by sustainability, and things you can do deepen their impact. example and using environmental sustainability as a criterion in all aspects of university operations. With your enthusiasm, support, and creativity, we look forward to moving even closer to achieving a shared vision-—a truly sustainable Stanford University, your learning environment for the next few momentous years.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effective Factors on Environmentally Friendly Behavior: a Case Study" (2019)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln September 2019 The ffecE tive Factors on Environmentally Friendly Behavior: A Case Study Mohammad Hassan Seif Payame Noor University, Iran Sareh Nematolahi M.A Department of Educational Sciences Payame Noor University, Iran, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac Part of the Environmental Studies Commons Seif, Mohammad Hassan and Nematolahi, Sareh M.A, "The Effective Factors on Environmentally Friendly Behavior: A Case Study" (2019). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2842. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2842 The Effective Factors on Environmentally Friendly Behavior: A Case Study Sareh Nematolahi M.A. Department of Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Iran [email protected] Mohammad Hassan Seif Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Iran. [email protected] Abstract The interdependence between human and environment manifest the necessity of investigating human impact on environmental degradation or on environmental protection. The present research aims to develop a causal model of effective factors on environmentally friendly behavior among high school students in Shiraz. This is applied research with a descriptive method. Using an adapted questionnaire, we examined the effect of the variables, including environmental concern, attitude, knowledge, subjective norms, responsibility perception, and dependence on nature, on environmentally friendly behavior. The correlation coefficient was used to examine the effect of different variables on each other, and the path analysis method was used to analyze the relationships between the variables of the research. The research community is the first-grade high school students in Shiraz in the academic year 2018-2019.
    [Show full text]
  • ALLIANCE 90/THE GREENS: Party Program and Principles the Future Is Green
    The future is green. ALLIANCE 90/THE GREENS: Party Program and Principles The future is green. ALLIANCE 90/THE GREENS: Party Program and Principles Preamble 7 I. Our values 7 Ecology is sustainability 8 Freedom is realised through self-determination 8 Extending equitability 9 Democracy is the basis 10 The touchstone of our values: Human rights and non-violence 11 II. Challenges in a changing world 12 III. Where we come from – who we are 16 IV. Twelve for 2020 17 Towards the ecological age 18 I. The fundamental principles of our environmental policy 19 II. Sustainable development as a principle for action 20 III. Economical use of resources and the efficiency revolution 21 IV. Ecology and lifestyle 22 V. New energy – from the fossil and nuclear age to the solar future 22 A key project: Towards the solar age 24 Sustainable development in towns and local areas 25 VI. Environmentally-friendly traffic systems 27 A key project: Ecologically mobile 29 1 The future is green. VII. Nature and landscape conservancy 30 VIII. Animals need rights 31 IX. A global perspective for the environment and development 32 Towards an ecological and social market economy 34 I. The foundations of our economic policy 35 A key project: The future of a united Germany 38 II. Market economy and regulative policy 39 A key project: Transparency for consumers 40 III. Ecological fiscal reform 40 IV. Consumer protection 41 V. The knowledge economy 41 VI. Regional economies 42 A key project: A new form of agriculture 43 VII. A sustainable fiscal policy 45 VIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Legitimization of Environmental Problems in Newsmagazines: Power, Propaganda, And
    Legitimization of Environmental Problems in Newsmagazines: Power, Propaganda, and the Environment A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Arts Garrett M. Bunyak June 2010 © 2010 Garrett M. Bunyak. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Legitimization of Environmental Problems in Newsmagazines: Power, Propaganda, and the Environment by GARRETT M. BUNYAK has been approved for the Department of Sociology and the College of Arts and Sciences by Stephen J. Scanlan Assistant Professor of Sociology Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT BUNYAK, GARRETT, M., M.A., June 2010, Sociology Legitimization of Environmental Problems in Newsmagazines: Power, Propaganda, and the Environment (63 pp.) Director of Thesis: Stephen J. Scanlan This paper explores the role of the mass media in providing the public with diverse solutions to the environmental problems facing society through an analysis of media documents. Findings reveal that two frames dominate media solutions to environmental problems: the free market and stimulus frames which reinforce the ecological modernization perspective of some environmental sociologists. The free market and stimulus frames both portray individuals as responsible for the problems facing the environment while they portray mechanisms that have degraded the environment, from elected leaders to free market economics, are part of the solution to the crisis. These frames simultaneously blame individuals for social problems and downplay the power of the people to create change. Furthermore, the lack of ideological diversity undermines the ability of the public to make informed decisions about their environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Park and Recreation Sustainability Practices
    PARK AND RECREATION SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES A SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM AN NRPA MEMBER SURVEY www.nrpa.org CLIMATE RESILIENT PARKS Parks are key community stakeholders when it comes to addressing the effects of climate change. From protecting water resources via green infrastructure practices, to reducing urban heat island effect through city wide forest restoration - parks play a critical role in ensuring that our communities successfully adapt and thrive in light of a rapidly changing planet. TOP 5 WAYS PARKS AND RECREATION IS TAKING ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE 77% 70% 53% OFFER TRANSPORTATION PROTECT WATERSHEDS BY IMPROVE AIR QUALITY BY ALTERNATIVES THAT REDUCE ADOPTING NATURAL RESOURCE INCREASING TREE CANOPY CARBON FOOTPRINT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 52% 51% EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ON REDUCE STORMWATER SUSTAINABILITY ACTIONS RUNOFF AND FLOODING THROUGH GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Percentages are based on a survey of nearly 400 park and recreation agencies. www.nrpa.org/Climate-Resiliency PARK AND RECREATION SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES 2 INTRODUCTION What is sustainability? Sustainability is a broad term most often defined as “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs” (Bruntland Report for the World Commission on Environment and Development 1992). Increasingly, as we compete for space and resources, incorporating sustainability principles into our work is no longer something nice to strive for but something we must strive for the benefit of future generations. Sustainability is one piece of the puzzle as communities seek to be more resilient to climate change. Park and recreation agencies are on the front line of a multitude of issues within and outside of the communi- ties they serve.
    [Show full text]
  • Selling Sustainability in an Ideal World, Becoming Sustainable Should Help Both the Planet and Your Business
    Selling sustainability Research shows 58% of consumers would prefer to stay in environmentally friendly accommodation « Illustration: Rob Patterson Rob Illustration: 10 I Quality Edge I Issue 21 www.visitengland.com/biz Feature Selling sustainability In an ideal world, becoming sustainable should help both the planet and your business. So how do you go about implementing a green plan and successfully marketing that approach to customers? ccording to VisitEngland data renovation of our barns into holiday economically,’ she says. ‘Running a truly on English consumers, 58% of cottages. We cleaned traditional bricks for sustainable business is cheaper and more people would want to stay in re-use in the building work and it went profitable than non-sustainable models.’ accommodationA with green awards and from there. We didn’t even need a skip, and The savings you can make run into environmentally friendly practices. But so you realise that everything can go in a thousands of pounds. ‘Many of our where do you even begin with an approach circle and be re-used, just in a different members see running-cost reductions of that takes in everything from biomass way. Now we are years on but still up to 20% in the first year,’ says Andrea. ‘A boilers to locally sourced food? The developing and looking for ways to be very large brand hotel told us that their answer, according to many accommodation greener. Sustainability means thinking six-figure electricity bill has been reduced providers, is to take it step by step. You about what happens in the long term. by 60% by switching to LED lights, and don’t need to start with a field of solar PV they had not yet completed the process panels – even modest changes, added Saving money throughout the hotel.
    [Show full text]
  • Architectural Education in the Current of Deep Ecology and Sustainability
    buildings Article Architectural Education in the Current of Deep Ecology and Sustainability Ewa Cisek and Anna Jaglarz * Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Bolesława Prusa 53/55, 50-317 Wrocław, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: As a result of the experience and scientific research of the authors on the deep ecology and sustainability process, academic courses were created that are run at two stages of educating architecture students. The authors aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness and quality of the courses as well as the rationality of the assumptions and educational methods adopted for their implementation. One of them was the survey method, as a didactic and scientific experiment and didactic tool. The innovative educational methodology presented in the work may be implemented by other educators at architectural universities in order to improve the quality of teaching design in the spirit of pro-ecological and sustainable development. The result is a long-term action which constitutes a tool to combat the ecological crisis. It consists of bottom-up activities, both in the open landscape (ecovillages) and in the urban context (housing complexes with elements of urban farms and environmental education parks). This is connected with the application of the educational system from the pre-school level in the place of residence up to in-depth academic education. Keywords: architectural design; interior design; architectural education; design education; deep Citation: Cisek, E.; Jaglarz, A. ecology; sustainability; education method; survey method Architectural Education in the Current of Deep Ecology and Sustainability. Buildings 2021, 11, 358.
    [Show full text]
  • Importance of Price for Buying Environmentally Friendly Products
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AMH International (E-Journals) Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 371-375, June 2012 (ISSN: 2220-6140) Importance of Price for Buying Environmentally Friendly Products Kamyar Kianpour*, Ahmad Jusoh, Maryam Asghari Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia *[email protected] Abstract: This study considered price as an important indicator, which could affects customers’ decision- making about buying an environmentally friendly product and investigated the intention of buyers for buying ecological product in comparison with non-environmentally friendly products with regard to price. For such a reason products have been categorized in three different categories such as: Short term, Middle term and Long-term products. The respondents were asked to answer whether they are interested to buy environmentally friendly products when the normal products exist in the market or they have no intention to buy these kinds of products. More over it has been tried to explore that how much the buyers will accept to pay more for environmentally friendly products rather than non- ecological products in each category (short term, middle term and long term). Consequently, each category has been divided to six different percentage levels of price to indicate the percentage of acceptance by customers to pay more for the specified categories of eco-friendly products in comparison to non-environmentally friendly products. The result of this research shows that the majority of customers agree to pay certain percentage more to buy environmentally friendly products with eco labels and ecological characteristics rather than non-environmentally products when these green products are available in the market.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards 2030
    MANIFESTO TOWARDS 2030 A DECADE OF CHANGE Executive summary There is now international consensus that we have just a decade to make the changes necessary to halt the warming of our planet and save our natural world. We need to rethink how we live, how we travel, how we work and how we consume. We, the Green Party, have a special role to play in this decade of change, because we have spent forty years thinking about how we can protect the environment while simultaneously advancing social justice, nurturing our economy and building our communities. This manifesto details practical solutions that redress the damage done to our natural world and make Ireland a better, fairer place to live, with clean energy, cheap and accessible public transport and thriving rural communities. Every person and every place matters in making this a fair process and a just transition. In government, we will: 1. Urgently build public houses on public 8. Immediately establish a Just Transition land to alleviate the housing crisis. Commission to bring communities, trade unions, businesses, and climate 2. Invest in GP services to ease the transition experts together to overcome pressure on hospital waiting lists. obstacles to a fair transition to a low carbon economy. 3. Get Ireland moving by doubling investment in public transport, 9. Reward farmers for sequestering committing 10% of transport funds to carbon, restoring nature, and cycling and 10% to walking. producing clean energy, through a reformed Common Agricultural Policy. 4. Reduce pupil-teacher ratios, invest in third-level institutions, and end pay 10. Ban single use plastic and set up a inequality in education.
    [Show full text]