DOCSLIB.ORG

Extraction and Quantification of Sulforaphane and Indole-3-Carbinol from Rapeseed Tissues Using Quechers Coupled with UHPLC-MS/M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Extraction and Quantification of Sulforaphane and Indole-3-Carbinol from Rapeseed Tissues Using Quechers Coupled with UHPLC-MS/M molecules Article Extraction and Quantification of Sulforaphane and Indole-3-Carbinol from Rapeseed Tissues Using QuEChERS Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS Xu Yu 1,2,3, Fei Ma 1,2,3,4,*, Liangxiao Zhang 1,2,4,5 and Peiwu Li 1,2,3,4,5 1 Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (P.L.) 2 Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China 3 Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China 4 Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China 5 Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-27-86711839 Academic Editors: Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos and Miroslaw Hawryl Received: 22 March 2020; Accepted: 30 April 2020; Published: 4 May 2020 Abstract: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is rich in phenols, vitamins, carotenoids, and mineral elements, such as selenium. Additionally, it contains the active ingredients sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, which have been demonstrated to have pharmacological effects. In this study, sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol were extracted and quantified from rapeseeds using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromarography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The major parameters for extraction and purification efficiency were optimized, including the hydrolysis reaction, extraction condition and type and amount of purification adsorbents. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for sulforaphane were 0.05 µg/kg and 0.15 µg/kg, and for indole-3-carbinol were 5 µg/kg and 15 µg/kg, respectively. The developed method was used to successfully analyze fifty rapeseed samples. The QuEChERS coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS simultaneously detect sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol in vegetable matrix and evaluate the quality and nutrition of rapeseed samples. Keywords: sulforaphane; indole-3-carbinol; QuEChERS; quantification; UHPLC-MS/MS 1. Introduction Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a major oilseed crop in China. China generates approximately 20% of the world’s yield [1]. Rapeseeds not only produce edible oils, but their sprouts, seedlings, and leaves have nutritional value for human consumption [2]. Vegetables such as Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) are vital nutritional sources throughout the world. They contain several chemopreventive compounds, such as glucosinolates, polyphenols, and selenium [3–5]. During plant tissue damage, glucosinolates decompose into isothiocyanates and nitriles in the presence of the endogenous enzyme myrosinase (EC 3.2.1.147), then undergo immediate hydrolysis of the β-thioglucoside group [6]. More than 300 glucosinolates and their hydrolytic products have been identified and evaluated for their beneficial effects [7,8]. The phytochemicals classified as isothiocyanates have been widely utilized to investigate their anti-tumor, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Sulforaphane (SFN) has been demonstrated to be the most potent compound. It is the activator of the Nrf2 pathway, which regulates the cellular defense system and promotes various detoxifying and antioxidative effects [9,10]. Molecules 2020, 25, 2149; doi:10.3390/molecules25092149 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Molecules 2020, 25, x 2 of 12 utilized to investigate their anti-tumor, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Sulforaphane (SFN)Molecules has2020 been, 25, 2149 demonstrated to be the most potent compound. It is the activator of the 2Nrf2 of 11 pathway, which regulates the cellular defense system and promotes various detoxifying and antioxidative effects [9,10]. Sulforaphane has beneficial effects for diabetic complications by effectivelySulforaphane reducing has beneficial fasting blood effects glucose for diabetic and glycat complicationsed hemoglobin by eff ectivelylevels in reducing obese type fasting 2 diabetic blood patientsglucose andwith glycated poor glycemic hemoglobin control levels [11]. in obeseThe bioavailability type 2 diabetic of patients sulforaphane with poor in glycemicvegetables control has also [11]. beenThe bioavailabilitystudied, and could of sulforaphane serve as a guide in vegetables for the desi hasgn also and been implementation studied, and of could SFN servein clinical as a guidetrials [12,13].for the designIndole-3-carbinol and implementation (I3C) is another of SFN important in clinical trialsanti-cancer [12,13]. chemopreventive Indole-3-carbinol compound (I3C) is another that actsimportant via further anti-cancer hydrolysis chemopreventive of isothiocyanate compound (indol-3-methyl that acts viaisothi furtherocyanate), hydrolysis which of is isothiocyanatederived from cruciferous(indol-3-methyl plants. isothiocyanate), The I3C compound which has is derived been show fromn cruciferousto regulate plants.the growth The I3Cof cancer compound cells hasby modulatingbeen shown genes to regulate involved the in growth growth, of signal cancer transd cells byuction modulating and carcinogenesis genes involved [14]. inIt can growth, inhibit signal the proliferationtransduction of and cancer carcinogenesis cells [15,16], [14 inhibit]. It can the inhibit expression the proliferation of drug resistance of cancer genes cells [ 15[17],,16 ],and inhibit induce the apoptosisexpression [18]. of drug Preliminary resistance clinical genes trials [17], andhave induce indicated apoptosis that indole-3-carbinol [18]. Preliminary clinicalcould be trials used have to protectindicated against that indole-3-carbinol hormone dependent/independent could be used to protect human against cancers hormone [19]. As dependent shown /inindependent Figure 1, sulforaphanehuman cancers and [19 indole-3-carbinol]. As shown in Figure are both1, sulforaphane non-toxic, “natural and indole-3-carbinol products” and are are both often non-toxic, used in combination“natural products” with conventional and are often chemotherapy used in combination to treat with human conventional malignancies chemotherapy to give a tolower treat toxicity human andmalignancies higher efficacy. to give a lower toxicity and higher efficacy. Figure 1. The molecular structures of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol. Figure 1. The molecular structures of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol. An appropriate sample pretreatment method is a key step to the quantification of sulforaphane andAn indole-3-carbinol appropriate sample in vegetables. pretreatment Current method pretreatment is a key extractionstep to the techniques quantification for sulforaphane of sulforaphane and andindole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol include in vegetables. liquid–liquid Current extraction pretre [20atment], solid-phase extraction extraction techniques (SPE) for [21 sulforaphane], dispersive andliquid–liquid indole-3-carbinol microextraction include (DLLME) liquid–liquid [22], high-speed extraction countercurrent [20], solid-phase chromatography extraction (HSCCC)(SPE) [21], [23] dispersiveand preparative liquid–liquid HPLC [microext24]. However,raction the(DLLME) majority [22], of high-speed the extraction countercurrent and purification chromatography methods are (HSCCC)tedious and [23] requireand preparative large volumes HPLC of[24]. organic However, solvents the majority or sophisticated of the extr equipment.action and purification QuEChERS methods(quick, easy, are tedious cheap, eandffective, require rugged large and volumes safe) isof a organic comprehensive solvents methodor sophisticated that has beenequipment. widely QuEChERSused to determine (quick, targeteasy, cheap, analytes effective, in foods, rugged agri-products, and safe) is environmental a comprehensive substances method andthat biologicalhas been widelyfluids [ 25used,26]. to The determine QuEChERS target method analytes constitutes in foods, two agri-products, key steps including environmental liquid–liquid substances extraction and and biologicaldispersive fluids solid-phase [25,26]. extraction The QuEChERS clean-up. method This method constitutes is simple, two key versatile, steps including eco-friendly, liquid–liquid eliminates extractionmatrix eff ectsand and dispersive has excellent solid-phase recovery. extraction The QuEChERS clean-up. is an This ideal method method foris thesimple, extraction versatile, and eco-friendly,purification ofeliminates sulforaphane matrix and effects indole-3-carbinol and has excellent in vegetable recovery. samples. The QuEChERS is an ideal method for theQuantitative extraction and methods purification for sulforaphane of sulforapha includene and indole-3-carbinol thin-layer chromatography in vegetable (TLC)samples. [27 ], gas chromatographyQuantitative (GC)methods [28], for and sulforaphane gas chromatography-mass include thin-layer spectrometry chromatography (GC-MS) (TLC) [29]. However,[27], gas chromatographyhigh temperatures (GC) at the [28], injection and gas ports chromatograp in the GC orhy-mass GC-MS spectrometry system could (GC-MS) result in the[29]. degradation However, highof sulforaphane temperatures and at the indole-3-carbinol injection ports [in30 the]. To GC measure or GC-MS the system stability could and solubilityresult in the of degradation the analytes, ofliquid sulforaphane chromatography and indole-3-carbinol coupled with various
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bioavailability of Sulforaphane from Two Broccoli Sprout Beverages: Results of a Short-Term, Cross-Over Clinical Trial in Qidong, China
    Cancer Prevention Research Article Research Bioavailability of Sulforaphane from Two Broccoli Sprout Beverages: Results of a Short-term, Cross-over Clinical Trial in Qidong, China Patricia A. Egner1, Jian Guo Chen2, Jin Bing Wang2, Yan Wu2, Yan Sun2, Jian Hua Lu2, Jian Zhu2, Yong Hui Zhang2, Yong Sheng Chen2, Marlin D. Friesen1, Lisa P. Jacobson3, Alvaro Muñoz3, Derek Ng3, Geng Sun Qian2, Yuan Rong Zhu2, Tao Yang Chen2, Nigel P. Botting4, Qingzhi Zhang4, Jed W. Fahey5, Paul Talalay5, John D Groopman1, and Thomas W. Kensler1,5,6 Abstract One of several challenges in design of clinical chemoprevention trials is the selection of the dose, formulation, and dose schedule of the intervention agent. Therefore, a cross-over clinical trial was undertaken to compare the bioavailability and tolerability of sulforaphane from two of broccoli sprout–derived beverages: one glucoraphanin-rich (GRR) and the other sulforaphane-rich (SFR). Sulfor- aphane was generated from glucoraphanin contained in GRR by gut microflora or formed by treatment of GRR with myrosinase from daikon (Raphanus sativus) sprouts to provide SFR. Fifty healthy, eligible participants were requested to refrain from crucifer consumption and randomized into two treatment arms. The study design was as follows: 5-day run-in period, 7-day administration of beverages, 5-day washout period, and 7-day administration of the opposite intervention. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry was used to measure levels of glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, and sulforaphane thiol conjugates in urine samples collected daily throughout the study. Bioavailability, as measured by urinary excretion of sulforaphane and its metabolites (in approximately 12-hour collections after dosing), was substantially greater with the SFR (mean ¼ 70%) than with GRR (mean ¼ 5%) beverages.
    [Show full text]
  • Synergistic Combinations of Curcumin, Sulforaphane, and Dihydrocaffeic
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Synergistic Combinations of Curcumin, Sulforaphane, and Dihydrocaffeic Acid against Human Colon Cancer Cells Jesús Santana-Gálvez 1 , Javier Villela-Castrejón 1 , Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar 1, Luis Cisneros-Zevallos 2 and Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez 1,* 1 Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL C.P. 64849, Mexico; [email protected] (J.S.-G.); [email protected] (J.V.-C.); [email protected] (S.O.S.-S.) 2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-33-3669-3000 Received: 12 April 2020; Accepted: 26 April 2020; Published: 28 April 2020 Abstract: Nutraceutical combinations that act synergistically could be a powerful solution against colon cancer, which is the second deadliest malignancy worldwide. In this study, curcumin (C), sulforaphane (S), and dihydrocaffeic acid (D, a chlorogenic acid metabolite) were evaluated, individually and in different combinations, over the viability of HT-29 and Caco-2 colon cancer cells, and compared against healthy fetal human colon (FHC) cells. The cytotoxic concentrations to kill 50%, 75%, and 90% of the cells (CC50, CC75, and CC90) were obtained, using the MTS assay. Synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects were determined by using the combination index (CI) method. The 1:1 combination of S and D exerted synergistic effects against HT-29 at 90% cytotoxicity level (doses 90:90 µM), whereas CD(1:4) was synergistic at all cytotoxicity levels (9:36–34:136 µM) and CD(9:2) at 90% (108:24 µM) against Caco-2 cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Product Insert (PDF)
    PRODUCT INFORMATION Glucoraphanin (potassium salt) Item No. 10009445 Formal Name: 1-thio-1-[5-(methylsulfinyl)-N- O (sulfooxy)pentanimidate]-β-D- OH O- glucopyranose, potassium salt O S MF: C H NO S • XK O 12 22 10 3 OH FW: 436.5 O N Purity: ≥95% UV/Vis.: λmax: 225 nm OH S S Supplied as: A crystalline solid OH O Storage: -20°C • XK+ Stability: ≥2 years Information represents the product specifications. Batch specific analytical results are provided on each certificate of analysis. Laboratory Procedures Glucoraphanin (potassium salt) is supplied as a crystalline solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the glucoraphanin (potassium salt) in the solvent of choice. Glucoraphanin (potassium salt) is soluble in the organic solvent DMSO, which should be purged with an inert gas, at a concentration of approximately 1 mg/ml. Further dilutions of the stock solution into aqueous buffers or isotonic saline should be made prior to performing biological experiments. Ensure that the residual amount of organic solvent is insignificant, since organic solvents may have physiological effects at low concentrations. Organic solvent-free aqueous solutions of glucoraphanin (potassium salt) can be prepared by directly dissolving the crystalline solid in aqueous buffers. The solubility of glucoraphanin (potassium salt) in PBS, pH 7.2, is approximately 10 mg/ml. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day. Description Glucoraphanin is a natural glycoinsolate found in cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli.1 It is converted to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane by the enzyme myrosinase.1 Sulforaphane has powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects.1,2 It acts by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which induces the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes.3,4 References 1.
    [Show full text]
  • D,L-Sulforaphane Causes Transcriptional Repression of Androgen Receptor in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
    Published OnlineFirst July 7, 2009; DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0104 Published Online First on July 7, 2009 as 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0104 1946 D,L-Sulforaphane causes transcriptional repression of androgen receptor in human prostate cancer cells Su-Hyeong Kim and Shivendra V. Singh al repression of AR and inhibition of its nuclear localiza- tion in human prostate cancer cells. [Mol Cancer Ther Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and 2009;8(7):1946–54] University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Introduction Observational studies suggest that dietary intake of crucifer- Abstract ous vegetables may be inversely associated with the risk D,L-Sulforaphane (SFN), a synthetic analogue of crucifer- of different malignancies, including cancer of the prostate – ous vegetable derived L-isomer, inhibits the growth of (1–4). For example, Kolonel et al. (2) observed an inverse as- human prostate cancer cells in culture and in vivo and sociation between intake of yellow-orange and cruciferous retards cancer development in a transgenic mouse model vegetables and the risk of prostate cancer in a multicenter of prostate cancer. We now show that SFN treatment case-control study. The anticarcinogenic effect of cruciferous causes transcriptional repression of androgen receptor vegetables is ascribed to organic isothiocyanates (5, 6). Broc- (AR) in LNCaP and C4-2 human prostate cancer cells at coli is a rather rich source of the isothiocyanate compound pharmacologic concentrations. Exposure of LNCaP and (−)-1-isothiocyanato-(4R)-(methylsulfinyl)-butane (L-SFN). C4-2 cells to SFN resulted in a concentration-dependent L-SFN and its synthetic analogue D,L-sulforaphane (SFN) and time-dependent decrease in protein levels of total 210/213 have sparked a great deal of research interest because of their AR as well as Ser -phosphorylated AR.
    [Show full text]
  • Indole Carbinol: a Glucosinolate Derivative from Cruciferous
    Research Indole-3-carbinol: A glucosinolate derivative from cruciferous vegetables for prevention and complementary treatment of breast cancer Ben L. Pfeifer1, Theodor Fahrendorf2 Summary spect seem to be secondary plant sub- stances from cruciferous vegetables, Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women today. Despite such as indole 3-carbinol (I3C). This is a improved therapies, only every second woman with breast cancer can ex- glucosinolate derivative containing sul- pect cure. If cancer is metastatic at diagnosis, or recurs with metastases, phur whose metabolic products are then treatment is limited to palliative measures only, and cure is usually not widely known for their anti-cancer expected. Under these circumstances, quality of life as well as overall surviv- effects [34-36, 44, 46]. Detailed studies al of the patient is significantly reduced. It is therefore advisable for pa- have been carried out regarding their tients, their physicians, and the entire society at large, to search for more preventive and therapeutic effectiveness effective and less toxic treatment methods and develop better prevention in treating breast cancer and other types strategies that can reduce the burden of this cancer on the individual pa- tient and society as a whole. Indole-3-carbinol, a glucosinolate derivative of cancer [7, 12, 18, 30, 62, 79]. Labora- from cruciferous vegetables, seems to be a strong candidate to achieve tory tests on cell cultures and animal ex- these goals. It is abundantly available, well tolerated and non-toxic. Suffi- periments showed that I3C prevents the cient amounts for prevention of breast cancer can be taken up by daily con- development of cancer in various organs sumption of cruciferous vegetables.
    [Show full text]
  • MINI-REVIEW Cruciferous Vegetables: Dietary Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention
    DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.3.1565 Glucosinolates from Cruciferous Vegetables for Cancer Chemoprevention MINI-REVIEW Cruciferous Vegetables: Dietary Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis1*, Noramaliza Mohd Noor2 Abstract Relationships between diet and health have attracted attention for centuries; but links between diet and cancer have been a focus only in recent decades. The consumption of diet-containing carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines is most closely correlated with increasing cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that consumption of dietary phytochemicals found in vegetables and fruit can decrease cancer incidence. Among the various vegetables, broccoli and other cruciferous species appear most closely associated with reduced cancer risk in organs such as the colorectum, lung, prostate and breast. The protecting effects against cancer risk have been attributed, at least partly, due to their comparatively high amounts of glucosinolates, which differentiate them from other vegetables. Glucosinolates, a class of sulphur- containing glycosides, present at substantial amounts in cruciferous vegetables, and their breakdown products such as the isothiocyanates, are believed to be responsible for their health benefits. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the chemopreventive effect of these compounds are likely to be manifold, possibly concerning very complex interactions, and thus difficult to fully understand. Therefore,
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Carcinogenic Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Antagonistic Effects on Prevention of Cancers
    molecules Review Anti-Carcinogenic Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Antagonistic Effects on Prevention of Cancers Prabhakaran Soundararajan and Jung Sun Kim * Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: Gautam Sethi Received: 15 October 2018; Accepted: 13 November 2018; Published: 15 November 2018 Abstract: Glucosinolates (GSL) are naturally occurring β-D-thioglucosides found across the cruciferous vegetables. Core structure formation and side-chain modifications lead to the synthesis of more than 200 types of GSLs in Brassicaceae. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are chemoprotectives produced as the hydrolyzed product of GSLs by enzyme myrosinase. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane ([1-isothioyanato-4-(methyl-sulfinyl) butane], SFN) are potential ITCs with efficient therapeutic properties. Beneficial role of BITC, PEITC and SFN was widely studied against various cancers such as breast, brain, blood, bone, colon, gastric, liver, lung, oral, pancreatic, prostate and so forth. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor limits the tumor progression. Induction of ARE (antioxidant responsive element) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) mediated pathway by Nrf2 controls the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB has a double edged role in the immune system. NF-κB induced during inflammatory is essential for an acute immune process. Meanwhile, hyper activation of NF-κB transcription factors was witnessed in the tumor cells. Antagonistic activity of BITC, PEITC and SFN against cancer was related with the direct/indirect interaction with Nrf2 and NF-κB protein.
    [Show full text]
  • Glucoraphanin - an Indirect Antioxidant Found Naturally in Broccoli That Supports Cell Integrity and Protects Against Free Radical Damage by Jeremy Bartos, Ph.D
    GENERAL INFORMATION TM Glucoraphanin - An Indirect Antioxidant Found Naturally In Broccoli That Supports Cell Integrity And Protects Against Free Radical Damage By Jeremy Bartos, Ph.D. Scientific & Regulatory Affairs Manager Glanbia Nutritionals Glanbia Nutritionals | truebroc® White Paper | June 2015 Glanbia Nutritionals | 5951 Mckee rd., Suite 201 | Fitchburg, WI 53719 | 800.336.2183 | 608.316.8500 | www.glanbianutritionals.com TM introduction Today’s health-conscious consumers are more informed and want to WHAT MAKES TRUEBROCTM A PREMIER understand what they are eating as well as the benefits of the products ANTIOXIDANT they consume. They seek natural ingredients that have no additives or preservatives and are botanical or organic in nature. Currently, there are a large volume of products on the market that have an antioxidant health > truebrocTM boosts Phase II Enzymes, enhancing the claim. In 2015 alone almost 1000 new products with an antioxidant body’s own removal of free radicals and overall position have been released1, but how well do they really work? Recent detoxification of cellsNon-burning and non-irritating scientific research on broccoli has revealed a “next generation” antioxidant to the stomach that will potentially change the way we choose and utilize our ingested antioxidants. truebrocTM glucoraphanin, a naturally derived phytonutrient extracted from broccoli seeds, is a rechargeable antioxidant that works > Standardized to 13% glucoraphanin – highest with the body’s own cellular protection system. Currently, the most widely concentration available accepted source of ingested antioxidants are short-term “one and done” antioxidants, such as Vitamins C and E and polyphenols such as > Made from selected natural broccoli seeds grown resveratrol (grapes and wine) and EGCG (green tea) that last for only a in California and water extracted in Canada short time in the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Benzyl Isothiocyanate As an Adjuvant Chemotherapy Option for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mary Allison Wolf [email protected]
    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2014 Benzyl Isothiocyanate as an Adjuvant Chemotherapy Option for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mary Allison Wolf [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity Commons, Medical Biochemistry Commons, Medical Cell Biology Commons, and the Oncology Commons Recommended Citation Wolf, Mary Allison, "Benzyl Isothiocyanate as an Adjuvant Chemotherapy Option for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma" (2014). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 801. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Benzyl Isothiocyanate as an Adjuvant Chemotherapy Option for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma A dissertation submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Sciences By Mary Allison Wolf Approved by Pier Paolo Claudio, M.D., Ph.D., Committee Chairperson Richard Egleton, Ph.D. W. Elaine Hardman, Ph.D. Jagan Valluri, Ph.D. Hongwei Yu, PhD Marshall University May 2014 DEDICATION “I sustain myself with the love of family”—Maya Angelou To my wonderful husband, loving parents, and beautiful daughter—thank you for everything you have given me. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my mentor Dr. Pier Paolo Claudio. He has instilled in me the skills necessary to become an independent and successful researcher.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthocyanin and Glucosinolate Nutrients
    ANTHOCYANIN AND GLUCOSINOLATE NUTRIENTS: AN EXPLORATION OF THE MOLECULAR BASIS AND IMPACT OF COLORFUL PHYTOCHEMICALS ON HUMAN HEALTH Abstract: Can eating food of an assortment of colors help one stay healthy? In this study, a randomized con- trolled trial helped evaluate the impact of a colorful diet on 8 healthy human adults (age 20-60) with similar demographic and dietary backgrounds. One of the daily meals of the volunteers was substituted with a hand- picked ration consisting of all colors of the rainbow in the form of a Rainbow Diet Pack (RDP). Fruits and vegeta- bles were chosen based on the exclusive molecular structure and chemical composition of the most prevalent phytonutrient(s) in each. RDP was administered daily to the intervention group (n=5) over a 10-wk interven- tion period. Weight loss, waist circumference, hand grip strength, and stress levels were measured. Analyses re- vealed that eating raspberries, oranges, carrots, broccoli, blueberries, and bananas balanced stress levels and led to weight loss, but did not impact hand-grip strength, demonstrating the healthy outcomes of a colorful diet.. BY AKSHARA SREE CHALLA1 AND JNANA ADITYA CHALLA2 LAYOUT OUT BY ANNALISE KAMEGAWA, EDNA STEWART, CAMERON MANDLEY, JENNY KIM INTRODUCTION precursors.7 Anthocyanins are also found in raspberries, which Te idea that one should be eating healthy to stay healthy is not are high in dietary fber and vitamin C and have a low glycemic a debate. Numerous studies show how particular foods indi- index because they contain 6% fber and only 4% sugar per total vidualistically efect human health, but none thus far, to our weight.8 Higher quantities of fber in the fruit, when consumed, knowledge, have investigated about the combined impact of a helps lower the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or the specifc diet on the human body as a whole.1-5 It is critical for us ‘unhealthy’ cholesterol to enhance the functionality of our heart to understand which kinds of things we should eat and the ways and potentially induce weight loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Theranostics Sulforaphane-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence
    Theranostics 2017, Vol. 7, Issue 14 3461 Ivyspring International Publisher Theranostics 2017; 7(14): 3461-3477. doi: 10.7150/thno.20657 Research Paper Sulforaphane-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence are accompanied by DNA Hypomethylation and Changes in microRNA Profile in Breast Cancer Cells Anna Lewinska1, Jagoda Adamczyk-Grochala1, Anna Deregowska2, 3, Maciej Wnuk2 1. Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; 2. Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland; 3. Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Corresponding author: Anna Lewinska, Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland. Tel.: +48 17 872 37 11. Fax: +48 17 872 37 11. E-mail: [email protected] © Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. Received: 2017.04.19; Accepted: 2017.05.29; Published: 2017.08.15 Abstract Cancer cells are characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations and phytochemicals, epigenetic modulators, are considered as promising candidates for epigenetic therapy of cancer. In the present study, we have investigated cancer cell fates upon stimulation of breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3) with low doses of sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate. SFN (5-10 µM) promoted cell cycle arrest, elevation in the levels of p21 and p27 and cellular senescence, whereas at the concentration of 20 µM, apoptosis was induced.
    [Show full text]
  • Broccoli Or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source Or Dose That Matters?
    molecules Review Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters? Yoko Yagishita 1, Jed W. Fahey 2,3,4, Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova 3,4,5 and Thomas W. Kensler 1,4,* 1 Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 4 Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 5 Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-206-667-6005 Academic Editor: Gary D. Stoner Received: 24 September 2019; Accepted: 2 October 2019; Published: 6 October 2019 Abstract: There is robust epidemiological evidence for the beneficial effects of broccoli consumption on health, many of them clearly mediated by the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Present in the plant as its precursor, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane is formed through the actions of myrosinase, a β-thioglucosidase present in either the plant tissue or the mammalian microbiome. Since first isolated from broccoli and demonstrated to have cancer chemoprotective properties in rats in the early 1990s, over 3000 publications have described its efficacy in rodent disease models, underlying mechanisms of action or, to date, over 50 clinical trials examining pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease mitigation. This review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding the relationships between formulation (e.g., plants, sprouts, beverages, supplements), bioavailability and efficacy, and the doses of glucoraphanin and/or sulforaphane that have been used in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
    [Show full text]